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Journal articles on the topic 'Mammal sociality'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Haussmann, Natalie S. "Soil movement by burrowing mammals." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 41, no. 1 (2016): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133316662569.

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Mammal burrowing plays an important role in soil translocation and habitat creation in many environments. As a consequence, many burrowing mammals have at some point been studied in an ecosystem engineering context. From a geomorphological point of view, one of the focus areas of burrowing mammal research is on the amount of soil that is excavated and the rate at which this happens. As such, reviews exist on the volumes and rates of sediment removal by burrowing mammals in specific environments or for specific groups of species. Here, a standardised comparison of mammal burrowing across a broa

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Vágási, Csongor I., Orsolya Vincze, Jean-François Lemaître, Péter L. Pap, Victor Ronget, and Jean-Michel Gaillard. "Is degree of sociality associated with reproductive senescence? A comparative analysis across birds and mammals." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1823 (2021): 20190744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0744.

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Our understanding on how widespread reproductive senescence is in the wild and how the onset and rate of reproductive senescence vary among species in relation to life histories and lifestyles is currently limited. More specifically, whether the species-specific degree of sociality is linked to the occurrence, onset and rate of reproductive senescence remains unknown. Here, we investigate these questions using phylogenetic comparative analyses across 36 bird and 101 mammal species encompassing a wide array of life histories, lifestyles and social traits. We found that female reproductive senes

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Blumstein, Daniel T., Dana M. Williams, Alexandra N. Lim, Svenja Kroeger, and Julien G. A. Martin. "Strong social relationships are associated with decreased longevity in a facultatively social mammal." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1871 (2018): 20171934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1934.

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Humans in strong social relationships are more likely to live longer because social relationships may buffer stressors and thus have protective effects. However, a shortcoming of human studies is that they often rely on self-reporting of these relationships. By contrast, observational studies of non-human animals permit detailed analyses of the specific nature of social relationships. Thus, discoveries that some social animals live longer and healthier lives if they are involved in social grooming, forage together or have more affiliative associates emphasizes the potential importance of socia

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Lutermann, Heike, Nigel C. Bennett, John R. Speakman, and Michael Scantlebury. "Energetic Benefits of Sociality Offset the Costs of Parasitism in a Cooperative Mammal." PLoS ONE 8, no. 2 (2013): e57969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057969.

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Joly, Marine, and Elke Zimmermann. "Do solitary foraging nocturnal mammals plan their routes?" Biology Letters 7, no. 4 (2011): 638–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0258.

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Large-brained diurnal mammals with complex social systems are known to plan where and how to reach a resource, as shown by a systematic movement pattern analysis. We examined for the first time large-scale movement patterns of a solitary-ranging and small-brained mammal, the mouse lemur ( Microcebus murinus ), by using the change-point test and a heuristic random travel model to get insight into foraging strategies and potential route-planning abilities. Mouse lemurs are small nocturnal primates inhabiting the seasonal dry deciduous forest in Madagascar. During the lean season with limited foo

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Jacquier, Mickaël, Jean-Michel Vandel, François Léger, et al. "Population genetic structures at multiple spatial scales: importance of social groups in European badgers." Journal of Mammalogy 101, no. 5 (2020): 1380–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa090.

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Abstract Population viability and metapopulation dynamics are strongly affected by gene flow. Identifying ecological correlates of genetic structure and gene flow in wild populations is therefore a major issue both in evolutionary ecology and species management. Studying the genetic structure of populations also enables identification of the spatial scale at which most gene flow occurs, hence the scale of the functional connectivity, which is of paramount importance for species ecology. In this study, we examined the genetic structure of a social, continuously distributed mammal, the European

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Kalbitzer, Urs, Mackenzie L. Bergstrom, Sarah D. Carnegie, et al. "Female sociality and sexual conflict shape offspring survival in a Neotropical primate." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 8 (2017): 1892–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1608625114.

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Most mammals live in social groups in which members form differentiated social relationships. Individuals may vary in their degree of sociality, and this variation can be associated with differential fitness. In some species, for example, female sociality has a positive effect on infant survival. However, investigations of such cases are still rare, and no previous study has considered how male infanticide might constrain effects of female sociality on infant survival. Infanticide is part of the male reproductive strategy in many mammals, and it has the potential to override, or even reverse,

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Romero, Teresa, Kenji Onishi, and Toshikazu Hasegawa. "The role of oxytocin on peaceful associations and sociality in mammals." Behaviour 153, no. 9-11 (2016): 1053–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003358.

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There is currently substantial evidence indicating that oxytocin, a hypothalamus neuropeptide, modulates many forms of social behaviour and cognition in both human and non-human animals. The vast majority of animal research, however, has concentrated on maternal attachment and reproductive pair-bonds. In order to understand the neurochemical foundations of peaceful associations and sociality, oxytocin’s contribution to other types of social bonds, as well as to individual variation in sociality, should also be explored. Here, we summarise the most current studies that have investigated oxytoci

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Kutsukake, Nobuyuki. "Complexity, dynamics and diversity of sociality in group-living mammals." Ecological Research 24, no. 3 (2008): 521–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11284-008-0563-4.

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10

Silk, Joan B. "The adaptive value of sociality in mammalian groups." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 362, no. 1480 (2007): 539–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1994.

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According to behavioural ecology theory, sociality evolves when the net benefits of close association with conspecifics exceed the costs. The nature and relative magnitude of the benefits and costs of sociality are expected to vary across species and habitats. When sociality is favoured, animals may form groups that range from small pair-bonded units to huge aggregations. The size and composition of social groups have diverse effects on morphology and behaviour, ranging from the extent of sexual dimorphism to brain size, and the structure of social relationships. This general argument implies

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Lukas, Dieter, and Tim Clutton-Brock. "Monotocy and the evolution of plural breeding in mammals." Behavioral Ecology 31, no. 4 (2020): 943–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/araa039.

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Abstract In many mammals, breeding females are intolerant of each other and seldom associate closely but, in some, they aggregate in groups that vary in size, stability, and kinship structure. Aggregation frequently increases competition for food, and interspecific differences in female sociality among mammals are commonly attributed to contrasts in ecological parameters, including variation in activity timing, the distribution of resources, as well as the risk of predation. However, there is increasing indication that differences in female sociality are also associated with phylogenetic relat

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Matějů, Jan, Lukáš Kratochvíl, Zuzana Pavelková, Věra Pavelková Řičánková, Vladimír Vohralík, and Pavel Němec. "Absolute, not relative brain size correlates with sociality in ground squirrels." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1827 (2016): 20152725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2725.

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The social brain hypothesis (SBH) contends that cognitive demands associated with living in cohesive social groups favour the evolution of large brains. Although the correlation between relative brain size and sociality reported in various groups of birds and mammals provides broad empirical support for this hypothesis, it has never been tested in rodents, the largest mammalian order. Here, we test the predictions of the SBH in the ground squirrels from the tribe Marmotini. These rodents exhibit levels of sociality ranging from solitary and single-family female kin groups to egalitarian polygy

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Soilemetzidou, Eirini-Sanatana, Erwin De Bruin, Mathias Franz, et al. "Diet May Drive Influenza A Virus Exposure in African Mammals." Journal of Infectious Diseases 221, no. 2 (2019): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz032.

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AbstractBackgroundInfluenza A viruses (IAVs) represent repeatedly emerging pathogens with near worldwide distribution and an unclear nonavian-host spectrum. While the natural hosts for IAV are among waterfowl species, certain mammals can be productively infected. Southern Africa is home to diverse avian and mammalian fauna for which almost no information exists on IAV dynamics.MethodsWe evaluated 111 serum samples from 14 mammalian species from Namibia for the presence of IAV-specific antibodies and tested whether host phylogeny, sociality, or diet influence viral prevalence and diversity.Resu

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Davis, Alison R., Ammon Corl, Yann Surget-Groba, and Barry Sinervo. "Convergent evolution of kin-based sociality in a lizard." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1711 (2010): 1507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1703.

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Studies of social birds and mammals have produced extensive theory regarding the formation and dynamics of kin-based social groups in vertebrates. However, comparing kin dynamics in birds and mammals to social reptiles provides the opportunity to identify selective factors that promote independent origins of kin sociality across vertebrates. We combined a 5-year mark-recapture study with a DNA microsatellite analysis of relatedness in a social lizard ( Xantusia vigilis ) to examine the formation and stability of kin groups. We found that these lizards are highly sedentary and that groups often

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Clark, Rulon W., William S. Brown, Randy Stechert, and Harry W. Greene. "Cryptic sociality in rattlesnakes ( Crotalus horridus ) detected by kinship analysis." Biology Letters 8, no. 4 (2012): 523–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.1217.

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Research on social behaviour has largely concentrated on birds and mammals in visually active, cooperatively breeding groups (although such systems are relatively rare) and focused much less on species that rarely interact other than for mating and parental care. We used microsatellite markers to characterize relatedness among aggregations of timber rattlesnakes ( Crotalus horridus ), a putatively solitary reptile that relies heavily on chemical cues, and found that juveniles and pregnant females preferentially aggregate with kin under certain conditions. The ability to recognize kin and enhan

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Shultz, S., and R. Dunbar. "Encephalization is not a universal macroevolutionary phenomenon in mammals but is associated with sociality." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, no. 50 (2010): 21582–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1005246107.

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Pérez-Barbería, F. Javier, Susanne Shultz, and Robin I. M. Dunbar. "EVIDENCE FOR COEVOLUTION OF SOCIALITY AND RELATIVE BRAIN SIZE IN THREE ORDERS OF MAMMALS." Evolution 61, no. 12 (2007): 2811–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00229.x.

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Castiglione, Silvia, Carmela Serio, Martina Piccolo, et al. "The influence of domestication, insularity and sociality on the tempo and mode of brain size evolution in mammals." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 132, no. 1 (2020): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa186.

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Abstract The ability to develop complex social bonds and an increased capacity for behavioural flexibility in novel environments have both been forwarded as selective forces favouring the evolution of a large brain in mammals. However, large brains are energetically expensive, and in circumstances in which selective pressures are relaxed, e.g. on islands, smaller brains are selected for. Similar reasoning has been offered to explain the reduction of brain size in domestic species relative to their wild relatives. Herein, we assess the effect of domestication, insularity and sociality on brain

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Hayes, Loren D., Joseph Robert Burger, Mauricio Soto-Gamboa, Raúl Sobrero, and Luis A. Ebensperger. "Towards an integrative model of sociality in caviomorph rodents." Journal of Mammalogy 92, no. 1 (2011): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/10-mamm-s-039.1.

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Machin, A. J., and R. I. M. Dunbar. "The brain opioid theory of social attachment: a review of the evidence." Behaviour 148, no. 9-10 (2011): 985–1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000579511x596624.

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AbstractThe psychology of close human relationships is increasingly well understood and our understanding of the neurobiology of the onset of pairbonding behaviour in a range of species has benefited from the use of rodent-based models. However, the human literature has suffered from a lack of focus upon the unique nature of primate social bonds and has so far failed to adequately identify the neurobiological and behavioural mechanisms which maintain these complex, diverse and enduring social networks. One neurobiological mechanism that has been overlooked is the endogenous opioid system. Thou

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Feldman, Ruth. "Social Behavior as a Transdiagnostic Marker of Resilience." Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 17, no. 1 (2021): 153–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-102046.

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The recent shift from psychopathology to resilience and from diagnosis to functioning requires the construction of transdiagnostic markers of adaptation. This review describes a model of resilience that is based on the neurobiology of affiliation and the initial condition of mammals that mature in the context of the mother's body and social behavior. The model proposes three tenets of resilience—plasticity, sociality, and meaning—and argues that coordinated social behavior stands at the core sustaining resilience. Two lines in the maturation of coordinated social behavior are charted, across a

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Sinyavska, I. A., V. M. Peskov, and I. G. Emelyanov. "Interrelations between different forms of group variability of craniometrical features in population of social vole Microtus socialis (Arvicolidae, Rodentia, Mammalia) in southern Ukraine." Studia Biologica 9, no. 2 (2015): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sbi.0902.401.

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Porshakov, A. M., E. A. Chumachkova, Zh A. Kas’yan, et al. "Results of Epizootiological Survey on Plague and Other Zoonotic Infections in the Northern Provinces of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam During Spring Months of 2019." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 1 (April 23, 2020): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2020-1-133-138.

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Objective of the study is to detect circulation of plague agent and agents of other zoonotic infections (tularemia, pseudotuberculosis, leptospirosis, West Nile fever, Lassa fever, Dengue fever, Chikungunya fever, CrimeanCongo hemorrhagic fever, Q fever, Hantaviruses, tick-borne encephalitis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis, granulocytic anaplasmosis, and borreliosis) among small mammals and their ectoparasites in the territory of seven northern provinces of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Materials and methods. We have carried out epizootiological survey of seven northern provinces of the Soc

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Porges, Stephen W. "Cardiac vagal tone: a neurophysiological mechanism that evolved in mammals to dampen threat reactions and promote sociality." World Psychiatry 20, no. 2 (2021): 296–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wps.20871.

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Gorman, Thomas A., John D. Erb, Brock R. McMillan, and Daniel J. Martin. "SPACE USE AND SOCIALITY OF RIVER OTTERS (LONTRA CANADENSIS) IN MINNESOTA." Journal of Mammalogy 87, no. 4 (2006): 740–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/05-mamm-a-337r1.1.

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Rivera, Daniela S., Sebastian Abades, Fernando D. Alfaro, and Luis A. Ebensperger. "Sociality ofOctodontomys gliroidesand other octodontid rodents reflects the influence of phylogeny." Journal of Mammalogy 95, no. 5 (2014): 968–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/14-mamm-a-057.

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Nowicki, Jessica P., Morgan S. Pratchett, Stefan P. W. Walker, Darren J. Coker, and Lauren A. O'Connell. "Gene expression correlates of social evolution in coral reef butterflyfishes." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1929 (2020): 20200239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0239.

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Animals display remarkable variation in social behaviour. However, outside of rodents, little is known about the neural mechanisms of social variation, and whether they are shared across species and sexes, limiting our understanding of how sociality evolves. Using coral reef butterflyfishes, we examined gene expression correlates of social variation (i.e. pair bonding versus solitary living) within and between species and sexes. In several brain regions, we quantified gene expression of receptors important for social variation in mammals: oxytocin ( OTR ), arginine vasopressin ( V1aR ), dopami

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Bourke, Andrew F. G. "Hamilton's rule and the causes of social evolution." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1642 (2014): 20130362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0362.

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Hamilton's rule is a central theorem of inclusive fitness (kin selection) theory and predicts that social behaviour evolves under specific combinations of relatedness, benefit and cost. This review provides evidence for Hamilton's rule by presenting novel syntheses of results from two kinds of study in diverse taxa, including cooperatively breeding birds and mammals and eusocial insects. These are, first, studies that empirically parametrize Hamilton's rule in natural populations and, second, comparative phylogenetic analyses of the genetic, life-history and ecological correlates of sociality.

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Tammone, Mauro N., Eileen A. Lacey, and Maria A. Relva. "Habitat use by colonial tuco-tucos (Ctenomys sociabilis): specialization, variation, and sociality." Journal of Mammalogy 93, no. 6 (2012): 1409–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/11-mamm-a-266.1.

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Smith, Jennifer E., Denisse A. Gamboa, Julia M. Spencer, et al. "Split between two worlds: automated sensing reveals links between above- and belowground social networks in a free-living mammal." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1753 (2018): 20170249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0249.

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Many animals socialize in two or more major ecological contexts. In nature, these contexts often involve one situation in which space is more constrained (e.g. shared refuges, sleeping cliffs, nests, dens or burrows) and another situation in which animal movements are relatively free (e.g. in open spaces lacking architectural constraints). Although it is widely recognized that an individual's characteristics may shape its social life, the extent to which architecture constrains social decisions within and between habitats remains poorly understood. Here we developed a novel, automated-monitori

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Bettoni, Sabrina, Angela Stoeger, Camilo Rodriguez, and W. Tecumseh Fitch. "Airborne vocal communication in adult neotropical otters (Lontra longicaudis)." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (2021): e0251974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251974.

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Most aquatic mammals have complex social and communication systems. Interestingly, little is known about otters’ vocal communication compared to other aquatic mammals. Here, for the first time, we acoustically describe vocalizations of the neotropical otter (Lontra longicaudis), a solitary and endangered New World otter species. We recorded vocalizations and behavioral contexts from six captive neotropical otters at Projeto Lontra, Santa Catarina Island, Brazil. Analysis of acoustic parameters were used to classify the vocalizations according to structure and context. We describe six call type

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Carbone, Chris, Tom Maddox, Paul J. Funston, Michael G. L. Mills, Gregory F. Grether, and Blaire Van Valkenburgh. "Parallels between playbacks and Pleistocene tar seeps suggest sociality in an extinct sabretooth cat, Smilodon." Biology Letters 5, no. 1 (2008): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0526.

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Inferences concerning the lives of extinct animals are difficult to obtain from the fossil record. Here we present a novel approach to the study of extinct carnivores, using a comparison between fossil records ( n =3324) found in Late Pleistocene tar seeps at Rancho La Brea in North America and counts ( n =4491) from playback experiments used to estimate carnivore abundance in Africa. Playbacks and tar seep deposits represent competitive, potentially dangerous encounters where multiple predators are lured by dying herbivores. Consequently, in both records predatory mammals and birds far outnum

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Parreira, Bárbara R., and Lounès Chikhi. "On some genetic consequences of social structure, mating systems, dispersal, and sampling." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 26 (2015): E3318—E3326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414463112.

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Many species are spatially and socially organized, with complex social organizations and dispersal patterns that are increasingly documented. Social species typically consist of small age-structured units, where a limited number of individuals monopolize reproduction and exhibit complex mating strategies. Here, we model social groups as age-structured units and investigate the genetic consequences of social structure under distinct mating strategies commonly found in mammals. Our results show that sociality maximizes genotypic diversity, which contradicts the belief that social groups are nece

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Kerth, Gerald, Nicolas Perony, and Frank Schweitzer. "Bats are able to maintain long-term social relationships despite the high fission–fusion dynamics of their groups." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1719 (2011): 2761–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2718.

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Elephants, dolphins, as well as some carnivores and primates maintain social links despite their frequent splitting and merging in groups of variable composition, a phenomenon known as fission–fusion. Information on the dynamics of social links and interactions among individuals is of high importance to the understanding of the evolution of animal sociality, including that of humans. However, detailed long-term data on such dynamics in wild mammals with fully known demography and kin structures are scarce. Applying a weighted network analysis on 20 500 individual roosting observations over 5 y

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Coscarella, Mariano A., Shannon Gowans, Susana N. Pedraza, and Enrique A. Crespo. "Influence of body size and ranging patterns on delphinid sociality: Associations among Commerson's dolphins." Journal of Mammalogy 92, no. 3 (2011): 544–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/10-mamm-a-029.1.

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Takada, H., and M. Minami. "Do differences in ecological conditions influence grouping behaviour in a solitary ungulate, the Japanese serow?" Behaviour 156, no. 3-4 (2019): 245–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003540.

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Abstract One aim of animal behaviour research is to explain why animals live in groups. The grouping behaviour of solitary mammals is important for understanding the ecological factors promoting the evolution of sociality. We present field data of Japanese serow, a primitive solitary ungulate, in forest and alpine meadow habitats. We found no differences in group size of all age–sex classes between the forest and alpine meadow habitats, and both populations were mainly solitary. The current findings suggest that group size in the serow is not affected by ecological conditions, including habita

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Batson, C. Daniel. "THE NAKED EMPEROR: SEEKING A MORE PLAUSIBLE GENETIC BASIS FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL ALTRUISM." Economics and Philosophy 26, no. 2 (2010): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267110000179.

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The adequacy of currently popular accounts of the genetic basis for psychological altruism, including inclusive fitness (kin selection), reciprocal altruism, sociality, and group selection, is questioned. Problems exist both with the evidence cited as supporting these accounts and with the relevance of the accounts to what is being explained. Based on the empathy-altruism hypothesis, a more plausible account is proposed: generalized parental nurturance. It is suggested that four evolutionary developments combined to provide a genetic basis for psychological altruism. First is the evolution in

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Radford, Andrew N. "Post-allogrooming reductions in self-directed behaviour are affected by role and status in the green woodhoopoe." Biology Letters 8, no. 1 (2011): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0559.

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Allogrooming occurs in a wide range of species and can serve both hygienic and social functions. While the latter have long been thought to be underpinned by reductions in tension for recipients, recent work has suggested that donors may also benefit in this way. Here, I show that, in cooperatively breeding green woodhoopoes Phoeniculus purpureus , involvement in allogrooming is followed by a reduction in self-grooming by both recipients and donors, but that the former exhibit a greater decrease. Moreover, I demonstrate for the first time that the dominance status of the allogrooming participa

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Rendell, Luke, Mauricio Cantor, Shane Gero, Hal Whitehead, and Janet Mann. "Causes and consequences of female centrality in cetacean societies." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1780 (2019): 20180066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0066.

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Cetaceans are fully aquatic predatory mammals that have successfully colonized virtually all marine habitats. Their adaptation to these habitats, so radically different from those of their terrestrial ancestors, can give us comparative insights into the evolution of female roles and kinship in mammalian societies. We provide a review of the diversity of such roles across the Cetacea, which are unified by some key and apparently invariable life-history features. Mothers are uniparous, while paternal care is completely absent as far as we currently know. Maternal input is extensive, lasting mont

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Elliott, Kyle H., Gustavo S. Betini, and D. Ryan Norris. "Fear creates an Allee effect: experimental evidence from seasonal populations." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1857 (2017): 20170878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0878.

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Allee effects driven by predation can play a strong role in the decline of small populations but are conventionally thought to occur when generalist predators target specific prey (i.e. type II functional response). However, aside from direct consumption, fear of predators could also increase vigilance and reduce time spent foraging as population size decreases, as has been observed in wild mammals living in social groups. To investigate the role of fear on fitness in relation to population density in a species with limited sociality, we exposed varying densities of Drosophila melanogaster to

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Archie, Elizabeth A., Jenny Tung, Michael Clark, Jeanne Altmann, and Susan C. Alberts. "Social affiliation matters: both same-sex and opposite-sex relationships predict survival in wild female baboons." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1793 (2014): 20141261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1261.

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Social integration and support can have profound effects on human survival. The extent of this phenomenon in non-human animals is largely unknown, but such knowledge is important to understanding the evolution of both lifespan and sociality. Here, we report evidence that levels of affiliative social behaviour (i.e. ‘social connectedness’) with both same-sex and opposite-sex conspecifics predict adult survival in wild female baboons. In the Amboseli ecosystem in Kenya, adult female baboons that were socially connected to either adult males or adult females lived longer than females who were soc

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Randall, JA. "Convergences and Divergences in Communication and Social-Organization of Desert Rodents." Australian Journal of Zoology 42, no. 4 (1994): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9940405.

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Has behaviour of desert rodents evolved to show convergences in the same way as morphological and physiological traits? To answer this question, I compared social behaviour and communication of rodents from deserts in North America, Africa, Eurasia and Australia, Most desert rodents, except those from Australia, sandbathe and footdrum as primary modes of communication. In contrast, social behaviour in desert rodents has evolved across a wide spectrum of sociality. The most highly evolved social organisation in mammals occurs in two species of eusocial mole-rats from arid deserts in Africa, Asi

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Thomson, PC. "The behavioural ecology of dingoes in north-western Australia. III. Hunting and Feeding behaviour, and diet." Wildlife Research 19, no. 5 (1992): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9920531.

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Observations from aerial radio-tracking were used together with analysis of scat and stomach samples to investigate the feeding ecology of dingoes, Canis familiaris dingo, on the lower Fortescue River in Western Australia. Between 1977 and 1984, 1948 records of hunting and feeding were obtained, and 352 scats and 119 stomachs were collected. Dingoes preyed predominantly on kangaroos, Macropus robustus and M. rufus, the most abundant and widely distributed of the larger native mammals in the area. In one site dingoes partially switched to alternative food (smaller prey and cattle carrion) when

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Brent, L. J. N., A. Ruiz-Lambides, and M. L. Platt. "Family network size and survival across the lifespan of female macaques." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1854 (2017): 20170515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0515.

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Two decades of research suggest social relationships have a common evolutionary basis in humans and other gregarious mammals. Critical to the support of this idea is growing evidence that mortality is influenced by social integration, but when these effects emerge and how long they last is mostly unknown. Here, we report in adult female macaques that the impact of number of close adult female relatives, a proxy for social integration, on survival is not experienced uniformly across the life course; prime-aged females with a greater number of relatives had better survival outcomes compared with

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Staaden, Moira J. van, Gail R. Michener, and Ronald K. Chesser. "Spatial analysis of microgeographic genetic structure in Richardson's ground squirrels." Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, no. 7 (1996): 1187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-131.

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Local genetic structure has a sound theoretical basis, yet empirical demonstration in animal species has proved elusive, even in apparently ideal candidate species. Techniques based on the distribution of individual genotypes may offer a more complete picture of population structure than traditional measures focusing on isolation by distance and dispersal behavior. We used spatial autocorrelation and contiguous clustering to identify structure in a population of Richardson's ground squirrel (Spermophilus richardsonii) for which deviation from Hardy–Weinberg expectations indicated population su

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Pero, Ellen M., and James F. Hare. "Costs of Franklin’s ground squirrel (Poliocitellus franklinii) ectoparasitism reveal adaptive sex allocation." Canadian Journal of Zoology 96, no. 6 (2018): 585–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0129.

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Parasite infestation may impose direct costs of blood, nutrient, and energy depletion, along with indirect costs of increased immune response upon hosts. We investigated how ectoparasitism influences body mass and reproduction in a free-living population of Franklin’s ground squirrels (Poliocitellus franklinii (Sabine, 1822)) located near Delta Marsh, Manitoba, Canada. We experimentally reduced ectoparasite burden by treating seven reproductive females with an insecticide following breeding and contrasted body mass and reproductive performance of those individuals to seven sham-treated control

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Lukas, K. E., T. L. Maple, T. S. Stoinski, and C. W. Kuhar. "Social dynamics of captive western lowland gorillas living in all-male groups." Behaviour 141, no. 2 (2004): 169–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853904322890807.

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AbstractMale mammals show considerable variation in their association (e.g. single-male, multi-male, all-male groups) and relationship (e.g. affiliative versus intolerant) patterns. Although a number of primates have been observed to form all-male groups, studies of the social dynamics of these groups are limited. This study examined the social interactions of 25 male western lowland gorillas living in nine captive all-male groups. Over 1,300 hours of data were collected using group scan and all-occurrence sampling methodologies. Groups were cohesive, with males spending approximately one-thir

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Rubenstein, Dustin R., Carlos A. Botero, and Eileen A. Lacey. "Discrete but variable structure of animal societies leads to the false perception of a social continuum." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 5 (2016): 160147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160147.

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Animal societies are typically divided into those in which reproduction within a group is monopolized by a single female versus those in which it is shared among multiple females. It remains controversial, however, whether these two forms of social structure represent distinct evolutionary outcomes or endpoints along a continuum of reproductive options. To address this issue and to determine whether vertebrates and insects exhibit the same patterns of variation in social structure, we examined the demographic and reproductive structures of 293 species of wasps, ants, birds and mammals. Using p

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Iordanishvili, A. K. "The first academician from dentistry, professor, colonel of medical service A.I. Rybakov." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 21, no. 2 (2019): 252–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma25953.

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Presents information from the life of a maxillofacial surgeon and dentist, one of the patriarchs of domestic dentistry, a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, doctor of medical sciences, professor, colonel of medical service Anatoly Ivanovich Rybakov, known in our country and abroad. , who was the first director of the Central Research Institute of Dentistry. The data on the formation of A.I. Rybakov as a military doctor and dentist, his combat path during the Great Patriotic War. Turning to the life and

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Gustison, Morgan L., Aliza le Roux, and Thore J. Bergman. "Derived vocalizations of geladas ( Theropithecus gelada ) and the evolution of vocal complexity in primates." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1597 (2012): 1847–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0218.

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Primates are intensely social and exhibit extreme variation in social structure, making them particularly well suited for uncovering evolutionary connections between sociality and vocal complexity. Although comparative studies find a correlation between social and vocal complexity, the function of large vocal repertoires in more complex societies remains unclear. We compared the vocal complexity found in primates to both mammals in general and human language in particular and found that non-human primates are not unusual in the complexity of their vocal repertoires. To better understand the fu

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