Academic literature on the topic 'Mammal trapping'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mammal trapping"
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Lemckert, F., T. Brassil, R. Kavanagh, and B. Law. "Trapping small mammals for research and management: how many die and why?" Australian Mammalogy 28, no. 2 (2006): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am06028.
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Trapping programs are an essential part of mammal conservation and management, but trapping carries a risk of death for the study animals. Little information is available on mortality levels and its potential to influence studies. We examined the mortality levels recorded during 68 wildlife surveys within New South Wales, recording mortality rates associated with Elliott aluminium box and wire cage trapping for terrestrial mammals and harp traps for bats. We noted 232 deaths from 13623 small ground mammal captures in box traps, one death from 459 mammal captures in wire cage traps, and 44 deaths from 12,274 bat captures in harp traps. Mortality ranged from 0-13.3%, 0-0.6% and 0-9.1% of captures for box, cage and harp traps, respectively. No deaths were reported for 47% of surveys. Antechinus spp. comprised almost 95% of all trap deaths. Thirteen surveys provided detailed information for small ground mammal trapping, recording 111 deaths from 3651 small mammal captures. Box trap mortality in these surveys ranged from 0-7.5%, deaths being attributed to cold temperatures (generally winter) and multiple captures of individuals. Harp trap mortality stemmed from overheating, overcrowding and predation. Post-capture handling also contributed to mortality. No specific level of trap death can be ?expected? during a study as circumstances vary, but all efforts should be made to minimise the risk of deaths. This study found that mortality above 4% is unusual, resulting mainly from one-off ?extreme? mortality events. Minimising unnecessary recaptures and avoiding weather extremes should reduce mortality of small mammals during trapping studies, but will not prevent all deaths.
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De Bondi, Natasha, John G. White, Mike Stevens, and Raylene Cooke. "A comparison of the effectiveness of camera trapping and live trapping for sampling terrestrial small-mammal communities." Wildlife Research 37, no. 6 (2010): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr10046.
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Context. There is an increasing reliance on the use of camera-trap technologies for surveys of medium to large terrestrial mammals. Camera trapping may, however, also have significant applications for broad-scale surveys of small mammals. Aims. The present study aims to compare results from camera-trapping surveys to those of the more traditional live-trapping techniques. Specifically, it aims to test the effectiveness of the techniques for detecting species, and the cost effectiveness of both approaches. Methods. Surveys were conducted across 36 sites in the Grampians National Park, Victoria, Australia, between April and July 2009. At each site, independent surveys were conducted for small mammals by using a combination of Elliot and cage trapping, then camera trapping. Results for the two different approaches were compared for both their ability to generate small-mammal presence data and their cost effectiveness. Key results. Camera-trapping surveys of 36 sites in the Grampians National Park compared favourably with those of live-trapping surveys. Similar species were detected across the sites, and camera trapping was a considerably more cost effective than live trapping. Conclusions. Camera-trapping surveys of small terrestrial mammals may provide a new and cost-effective technique for surveying terrestrial small mammals. This is particularly the case when presence data are the main requirement of the survey, with no requirement to capture and tag animals. Implications. Given the cost-effective nature of camera trapping, there is potential to use this approach to increase the level of replication and spatial coverage of small-mammal surveys. Improving the replication and spatial coverage of studies has the potential to significantly increase the scope of research questions that can be asked, thus providing the potential to improve wildlife management.
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Scheibler, DR, and AU Christoff. "Habitat associations of small mammals in southern Brazil and use of regurgitated pellets of birds of prey for inventorying a local fauna." Brazilian Journal of Biology 67, no. 4 (2007): 619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842007000400005.
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We inventoried terrestrial small mammals in an agricultural area in southern Brazil by using trapping and prey consumed by Barn Owls (Tyto alba) and White-tailed Kites (Elanus leucurus). Small mammals were trapped in three habitat types: corn fields, uncultivated fields ("capoeiras"), and native forest fragments. A total of 1,975 small mammal specimens were trapped, another 2,062 identified from the diet of Barn Owls, and 2,066 from the diet of White-tailed Kites. Both trapping and prey in the predators' diet yielded 18 small mammal species: three marsupials (Didelphis albiventris, Gracilinanus agilis, and Monodelphis dimidiata) and 15 rodents (Akodon paranaensis, Bruceppatersonius iheringi, Calomys sp., Cavia aperea, Euryzygomatomys spinosus, Holochilus brasiliensis, Mus musculus, Necromys lasiurus, Nectomys squamipes, Oligoryzomys nigripes, Oryzomys angouya, Oxymycterus sp.1, Oxymycterus sp.2, Rattus norvegicus, and Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758)). The greatest richness was found in the uncultivated habitat. We concluded that the three methods studied for inventorying small mammals (prey in the diet of Barn Owls, White-tailed Kites, and trapping) were complementary, since together, rather than separately, they produced a better picture of local richness.
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Ahumada, Jorge A., Carlos E. F. Silva, Krisna Gajapersad, et al. "Community structure and diversity of tropical forest mammals: data from a global camera trap network." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1578 (2011): 2703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0115.
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Terrestrial mammals are a key component of tropical forest communities as indicators of ecosystem health and providers of important ecosystem services. However, there is little quantitative information about how they change with local, regional and global threats. In this paper, the first standardized pantropical forest terrestrial mammal community study, we examine several aspects of terrestrial mammal species and community diversity (species richness, species diversity, evenness, dominance, functional diversity and community structure) at seven sites around the globe using a single standardized camera trapping methodology approach. The sites—located in Uganda, Tanzania, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Suriname, Brazil and Costa Rica—are surrounded by different landscape configurations, from continuous forests to highly fragmented forests. We obtained more than 51 000 images and detected 105 species of mammals with a total sampling effort of 12 687 camera trap days. We find that mammal communities from highly fragmented sites have lower species richness, species diversity, functional diversity and higher dominance when compared with sites in partially fragmented and continuous forest. We emphasize the importance of standardized camera trapping approaches for obtaining baselines for monitoring forest mammal communities so as to adequately understand the effect of global, regional and local threats and appropriately inform conservation actions.
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Mohd-Taib, Farah Shafawati, and Siti Nabilah Ishak. "BAIT PREFERENCES BY DIFFERENT SMALL MAMMAL ASSEMBLAGES FOR EFFECTIVE CAGE-TRAPPING." Malaysian Journal of Science 40, no. 2 (2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol40no2.1.
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The ecological study of small mammals often uses the cage-trapping method, installed with baits. Capture rates vary according to different baits used. We want to determine the bait preferences by different small mammal groups. The cage-trapping approach used common domestic bait types available, namely, aromatic banana, sweet potato with peanut butter, oil palm fruit, dried salted fish, jackfruit, and roasted coconut flesh. Sampling was conducted in three different habitat categories, namely urban, semi-urban, and recreational forests, located in Selangor, Malaysia, for one year. A total of 537 small mammals from 15 species were sampled, which was then grouped into seven groups (i.e., Rattus sp., Maxomys sp., Sundamys sp., Leopaldamys sabanus, Suncus murinus, squirrels, and Tupaia glis). Bait preferences were significantly different among the different small mammal groups, i.e., F (6,35) = 5.621, p = 0.000, with bananas shown to be most preferred bait, followed by oil palm fruits and sweet potatoes. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) analysis revealed that the Rattus species encompassed the most diverse bait preference, while S. murinus and L. sabanus were the most selective. Muridae preferred sweet potatoes with peanut butter over bananas, while Sciuridae and Tupaiidae preferred bananas, and Soricidae preferred dried salted fish. This study elucidates the most effective bait selection for different small mammal assemblages, serving as a guide to increase capture rates when sampling targeted population of small mammals. Apart from that, it is helpful for effective rodent pest control.
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Brocardo, Carlos Rodrigo, Raisa Rodarte, Rafael da Silveira Bueno, Laurence Culot, and Mauro Galetti. "Non-volant mammals of Carlos Botelho State Park, Paranapiacaba Forest Continuum." Biota Neotropica 12, no. 4 (2012): 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032012000400021.
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The Atlantic Forest is one of the most studied Brazilian biomes in relation to its mammalian fauna. However, there is still a series of gaps of knowledge about the distribution and persistence of some of these species which prevents taking adequate conservation measures to better protect the mammals. In order to make the inventory of the non-volant mammalian fauna of the Carlos Botelho State Park (SP), we compiled data of camera trapping, diurnal census, track records, pitfall and live trapping collected over 8 years (2004-2012). We registered a total of 53 species, of which 12 are regionally threatened and one is an exotic species (Lepus europaeus), including the presence of most mammal species expected for the Paranapiacaba Forest Continuum. The high non-volant mammals species richness allied to the presence of threatened species, strengthen the role of this protected area for mammal conservation in the Atlantic Forest. Although, the local extinction of one species, Tayassu pecari, alert to the need for effective measures of protection.
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Whitman, Jackson S. "Diet and Prey Consumption Rates of Nesting Boreal Owls, Aegolius funereus, in Alaska." Canadian Field-Naturalist 123, no. 2 (2009): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v123i2.688.
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Dietary composition and prey consumption rates of nesting Boreal Owls, Aegolius funereus, were investigated during 2004–2006 using two methods. Dietary composition was determined during nest visits through examination of 1882 fresh remains containing at least 11 mammalian and 15 avian species. Consumption rates were calculated based on laboratory examination of seven prey detritus bricks following fledging, yielding 1051 items of five different taxa. During 2003–2006, small mammal snap-trapping was conducted in the vicinity of occupied nest boxes, and relative abundance of potential prey items was estimated. A total of 4020 trap-nights yielded 695 small mammal captures of eight species. Consumption rates of nestling owls ranged from 22.0 to 29.7 g of food per day, averaging 24.2 g (SD = 1.8). Comparisons between availability of small mammals (as indicated by snap-trapping) and consumption (as indicated by nest visits and analysis of prey detritus bricks) showed that Boreal Owls are generally preying on mammals proportionate to their occurrence.
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Welbourne, Dustin J., Christopher MacGregor, David Paull, and David B. Lindenmayer. "The effectiveness and cost of camera traps for surveying small reptiles and critical weight range mammals: a comparison with labour-intensive complementary methods." Wildlife Research 42, no. 5 (2015): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr15054.
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Context Biodiversity studies often require wildlife researchers to survey multiple species across taxonomic classes. To detect terrestrial squamate and mammal species, often multiple labour-intensive survey techniques are required. Camera traps appear to be more effective and cost-efficient than labour-intensive methods for detecting some mammal species. Recent developments have seen camera traps used for detecting terrestrial squamates. However, the performance of camera traps to survey terrestrial squamate and mammal species simultaneously has not been evaluated. Aim We compared the effectiveness and financial cost of a camera trapping method capable of detecting small squamates and mammals with a set of labour-intensive complementary methods, which have been used in a long-term monitoring program. Methods We compared two survey protocols: one employed labour-intensive complementary methods consisting of cage traps, Elliott traps and artificial refuges; the second utilised camera traps. Comparisons were made of the total number of species detected, species detectability, and cost of executing each type of survey. Key results Camera traps detected significantly more target species per transect than the complementary methods used. Although camera traps detected more species of reptile per transect, the difference was not significant. For the initial survey, camera traps were more expensive than the complementary methods employed, but for realistic cost scenarios camera traps were less expensive in the long term. Conclusions Camera traps are more effective and less expensive than the complementary methods used for acquiring incidence data on terrestrial squamate and mammal species. Implications The camera trapping method presented does not require customised equipment; thus, wildlife managers can use existing camera trapping equipment to detect cryptic mammal and squamate species simultaneously.
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Ríos-Solís, Jesús Alejandro, José Juan Flores-Martínez, Víctor Sánchez-Cordero, and Mario C. Lavariega. "Diversity and activity patterns of medium- and large-sized terrestrial mammals at the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, México." Therya 12, no. 2 (2021): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12933/therya-21-1105.
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Studies on diversity of animal communities allow determination of their species richness and composition. This information is particularly relevant to establish sound conservation programs in biosphere reserves, where human activities should be focused on the sustainable use of natural resources and ensure biodiversity protection. This study estimated the diversity and species richness and determined the species composition and activity patterns of medium- and large-sized terrestrial mammals in the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve (LTBR) located in Veracruz, Mexico. We set 18 camera traps to record medium and large-sized terrestrial mammals from August 2016 to January 2017. We calculated the trapping rate, guilds, and activity patterns of species. Diversity was estimated with Hill numbers. We compared our estimates with other studies in tropical forest in Mexico. We obtained 308 independent captures of 13 species; Cuniculus paca and Dasyprocta mexicana were the species with the highest trapping rate. Order-0, order-1, and order-2 diversity values were 13.99, 6.50, and 4.75 effective species, respectively, which ranks LTBR the fourth-most diverse reserve of medium- and large-sized terrestrial mammals compared to six other tropical rainforest sites in southern Mexico. We recorded mammals representing five trophic guilds, of which frugivore-folivores (five species) and omnivores (three species) ranked highest. All recorded species were primarily nocturnal (six species) or diurnal (six species). Tamandua mexicana, Leopardus pardalis, L. wiedii, and Eira barbara are listed as endangered in the Mexican Official Standard Norm NOM-059-2019, and L. wiedii is listed as near threatened in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. We were able to record 40.6 % of the terrestrial mammal species known to inhabit the LTBR. The absence of large-sized species such as large predators and herbivores was notable. Comparison of medium and large-sized mammal diversity of camera trapping studies in Mexico show that landscape degradation is impoverishing terrestrial mammal communities.
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Augugliaro, Claudio, Chiara Paniccia, Choikhand Janchivlamdan, Ibra E. Monti, Turmunkh Boldbaatar, and Bariusha Munkhtsog. "Mammal inventory in the Mongolian Gobi, with the southeasternmost documented record of the Snow Leopard, Panthera uncia (Schreber, 1775), in the country." Check List 15, no. 4 (2019): 565–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/15.4.565.
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Studies on mammal diversity and distribution are an important source to develop conservation and management strategies. The area located in southern Mongolia, encompassing the Alashan Plateau Semi-Desert and the Eastern Gobi Desert-Steppe ecoregions, is considered strategic for the conservation of threatened species. We surveyed the non-volant mammals in the Small Gobi-A Strictly Protected Area (SPA) and its surroundings, by using camera trapping, live trapping, and occasional sightings. We recorded 18 mammal species belonging to 9 families and 6 orders. Among them, 4 are globally threatened or near-threatened, 2 are included in the CITES Appendix I, and 2 are listed in the Appendix II. Moreover, we provide the southeasternmost record for the Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) in Mongolia, supported by photographic evidence. Our study highlights the importance of this protected area to preserve rare, threatened, and elusive species.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mammal trapping"
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Baker-Branstetter, Ryan William. "Lyme disease ecology in San Luis Obispo County: The role of the western gray squirrel." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1497.
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Despite the fact that eight cases of Lyme disease were diagnosed in San Luis Obispo County between 2005-2013, the identity of wildlife hosts serving as sources for tick infection in this region remained unidentified. The primary cause of Lyme disease in the U.S. is the spirochetal bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, and this agent had not been previously isolated from the region. Borrelia bissettii, a related species that has not been implicated as a common causative agent of Lyme disease, was isolated in small rodents inhabiting coastal scrub and chaparral habitats in a previous San Luis Obispo County study. However, B. burgdorferi was not detected. In northwestern California, B. burgdorferi has been primarily associated with high populations of the tick vector Ixodes pacificus in dense woodlands or hardwood-conifer habitats, particularly in the western gray squirrel reservoir host, Sciurus griseus. My study investigated the role of S. griseus and other associated rodents as potential reservoirs for B. burgdorferi in central coastal California woodland habitats. Rodents were live-trapped at four sites in San Luis Obispo County in oak and mixed woodland. Rodent ear samples were tested for B. burgdorferi genospecies by bacterial culture and PCR. Ticks were collected from captured rodents and surrounding environments and tested by PCR for the presence of Borrelia. Of 119 captured rodents, seven were positive for Borrelia infection (5.9%) and of these, six were positive for B. burgdorferi (5.0%). There were multiple infected rodent species that included two western gray squirrels, three deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), and one brush mouse (P. boylii). Borrelia spp. were not detected by PCR from the 81 ticks recovered from the environment and rodents. Here, for the first time, we verify the presence of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto in San Luis Obispo county rodents. However, in contrast to previous Northern California studies, the western gray squirrel may not be the primary reservoir host for B. burgdorferi in this region. Multiple rodent species in oak woodlands may be involved in spirochete maintenance in San Luis Obispo County.
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Mengulluoglu, Deniz. "An Inventory Of Medium And Large Mammal Fauna In Pine Forests Of Beypazari Through Camera Trapping." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612559/index.pdf.
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Information about large mammals in Turkey usually does not go further than species lists or annual counts of particular species such as the wild goat. Camera trapping is a very useful technique to overcome this deficiency by gathering information about species presence, numbers, habitat use and behavior. Hence, a one year long camera trap study was conducted to demonstrate the diversity, activity, distribution patterns, habitat preferences and interspecific interactions of medium and large mammals in a 148 km2 large pine woodland near Ankara. Brown bear (Ursus arctos), wolf (Canis lupus), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), golden jackal (Canis aureus), jungle cat (Felis chaus), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), Eurasian badger (Meles meles), stone marten (Martes foina), red deer (Cervus elaphus), wild boar (Sus scrofa), brown hare (Lepus europaeus), Caucasian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) and southern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor) were the 13 mammal species captured during the study.
Spatial segregation was observed among canid species indicating intraguild competition and competitive exclusion. Prey-predator interactions were documented at both spatial and temporal scales between wolves, deer and wild boars. Red deer showed seasonal and sex differences in activity patterns that appeared to be influenced by wolf predation risk.
The presence of two felids unknown to the local people were revealed by camera trapping, showing the utility of this technique for such secretive and rare species. However, the low encounter rates for particular species such as lynx, brown bear and jungle cat indicated the importance of the length of study.
Based on various evidence, resident adult population sizes were estimated for wolf (2-5), Eurasian lynx (2-4), brown bear (0-2) and jungle cat (2-3). The study showed that lynx can exist in high densities in a relatively small area when prey species are abundant.
This study area hosted a rich mammal fauna in spite of human activities such as livestock grazing, logging and hunting. A relatively intact ecosystem, high altitudinal and habitat diversity, and a positive attitude of local people are believed to be the reasons of this observed high diversity.
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Chupp, Adam Daniel. "Habitat Selection in Four Sympatric Small Mammal Species and the Effects of Potential Predators on Peromyscus Leucopus." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/657.
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I examined the effects of potential predators in relation to habitat selection in Peromyscus leucopus. I also examined habitat selection in three other sympatric species (Blarina brevicauda, Blarina carolinensis, Sorex longirostris). I utilized data fiom 49 sampling sites on National Park Service land; Petersburg National Battlefield Eastern Front Unit (15), Five-Forks Unit (17), Appomattox Court House National Historical Park (15) and Booker T. Washington National Monument (12). Sites were categorized by location (park unit) and habitat type (i.e. bottom-land hardwood), and the microhabitat within each sampling site was characterized by four variables (% cover of grasses, herbs, shrubs, and volume of downed wood). Importance values of tree species within each sampling site were also measured. Peromyscus leucopus, B. brevicauda, B. carolinensis, and S. longirostris were captured in all habitat types. Low capture rates for shrew species and high variability in the abundance of shrew species among all sampling sites were likely responsible for the lack of differences in abundance among habitats (p > 0.05). Peromyscus leucopus represented 76% of the captures among prey species and was the only species to demonstrate differences in relative abundance among habitat types. The relative abundance of P. leucopus was higher in bottom-land hardwood habitat when compared to pine forest plantation habitat (ANOVA, p P. leucopus among these habitat types may be explained by differences in understory structural diversity. Furthermore, the corresponding increase in the relative abundance of Procyon lotor (the most abundant predator during the study) in structurally heterogeneous habitat (bottom-land hardwood) suggests the importance of anti-predator behaviors within these habitat types. Ultimately, this may suggest that prey cannot escape the presence or calculate the abundance of predators and instead simply avoid dangerous habitats. Although the relative abundance of the most abundant predator (P. lotor) and prey (P. leucopus) species were positively associated within certain habitat types, a negative association between predator and prey species abundance was evident within parks. In the Eastern Front unit the relative abundance of prey (P. leucopus, S. longirostris) was lower in comparison to the Five-Forks unit while the abundance of P. lotor was higher (ANOVA, p P. lotor, Didelphis virginiana, and Urocyon cinereoargenteus were higher in the Eastern Front unit when compared to the Five-Forks unit. It appeared that the lethal effects of predators are evident at larger scales (within parks) despite the anti-predator behaviors of prey at smaller scales (within microhabitats). My results indicate that at larger scales (within parks) the lethal effects (removal of prey) of abundant predators may overwhelm the non-lethal effects (anti-predator behavior) exhibited by prey at smaller scales, especially in areas where structurally heterogenous habitats are lacking.
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Rodrigues, Laís Lautenschlager. "Effects of domestic megafauna and landscape on diversity of mammals in Atlantic Forest remnants /." Rio Claro, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/191060.
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Orientador: Mauro Galetti Rodrigues<br>Resumo: A conversão de paisagens florestais para usos antrópicos é a principal causa do desmatamento das florestas tropicais em todo o mundo. Essas florestas são conhecidas por conter parte significativa da biodiversidade terrestre global, porém pouco se sabe sobre como as modificações na paisagem, como a perda de habitat para produção agropecuária e o principalmente o impacto do gado afetam a diversidade e ocupação de mamíferos resilientes nesses fragmentos. Sendo assim, nós examinamos como a riqueza de espécies e a composição de mamíferos são explicadas pela configuração da paisagem e como a presença do gado afeta a detecção de mamíferos de médio e grande porte. Foram amostradas 20 paisagens dominadas por pastagens ao longo de um gradiente de cobertura florestal (8% a 98%), no sudeste do Brasil. Nós registramos 75% das espécies de mamíferos esperadas para esta região em uma cobertura florestal de média a alta. A cobertura florestal, distância euclidiana do vizinho mais próximo e área estrutural foram as variáveis que melhor explicaram a ocorrência de algumas espécies de mamíferos dependentes de floresta. As comunidades de mamíferos exibiram um alto grau de alternação de espécies entre as paisagens, representando 95% da diversidade beta total. Os impactos da pecuária foram mostrados devido ao seu efeito negativo na detecção de espécies florestais e positivo na detecção de grupos de espécies não florestais. Discutimos a importância de manter fragmentos com alta cobertura vegetal para... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: The landscape conversion to anthropic uses is the major cause of deforestation worldwide. Tropical forests are known to contain a significant portion of global terrestrial biodiversity, but little is known about how changes in landscape, such as habitat loss for livestock and its impacts affect the diversity and occupation of resilient mammals in forest fragments immersed in pasture matrices. Here we examine how species richness and mammal composition are explained by landscape configuration and how cattle presence affects the detection of medium and large mammals. We sampled 20 landscapes dominated by pastures along a forest cover gradient (8% to 98%) in southeastern Brazil. We recorded 75% of the mammalian species expected for this region in a medium-to-high forest cover. Landscapes metrics, as forest cover, Euclidean distance from the nearest neighbor and structural area were the variables that best explained the occurrence of some forest mammal species. Mammalian communities exhibited a high degree of species turnover between landscapes, representing 95% of total beta diversity. Livestock impacts were shown due to its negative effect on the detection of forest-dwelling species and positive on the detection of non-forest species groups. We discuss the importance of maintaining forest fragments with high vegetation cover to improve connectivity between disturbed landscapes, favoring mammalian species flow. There is an urgent need for a better understanding of livestock gene... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
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Potts, Joanne M. "Estimating abundance of rare, small mammals : a case study of the Key Largo woodrat (Neotoma floridana smalli)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2068.
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Estimates of animal abundance or density are fundamental quantities in ecology and conservation, but for many species such as rare, small mammals, obtaining robust estimates is problematic. In this thesis, I combine elements of two standard abundance estimation methods, capture-recapture and distance sampling, to develop a method called trapping point transects (TPT). In TPT, a "detection function", g(r) (i.e. the probability of capturing an animal, given it is r m from a trap when the trap is set) is estimated using a subset of animals whose locations are known prior to traps being set. Generalised linear models are used to estimate the detection function, and the model can be extended to include random effects to allow for heterogeneity in capture probabilities. Standard point transect methods are modified to estimate abundance. Two abundance estimators are available. The first estimator is based on the reciprocal of the expected probability of detecting an animal, ^P, where the expectation is over r; whereas the second estimator is the expectation of the reciprocal of ^P. Performance of the TPT method under various sampling efforts and underlying true detection probabilities of individuals in the population was investigated in a simulation study. When underlying probability of detection was high (g(0) = 0:88) and between-individual variation was small, survey effort could be surprisingly low (c. 510 trap nights) to yield low bias (c. 4%) in the two estimators; but under certain situations, the second estimator can be extremely biased. Uncertainty and relative bias in population estimates increased with decreasing detectability and increasing between-individual variation. Abundance of the Key Largo woodrat (Neotoma floridana smalli), an endangered rodent with a restricted geographic range, was estimated using TPT. The TPT method compared well to other viable methods (capture-recapture and spatially-explicit capture-recapture), in terms of both field practicality and cost. The TPT method may generally be useful in estimating animal abundance in trapping studies and variants of the TPT method are presented.
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Can, Ozgun Emre. "Camera Trapping Large Mammals In Yenice Forest Habitats: A Feasibility Study For Camera Trapping Large Mammals In Yenice Forests, Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609974/index.pdf.
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Widely applicable, quantitative field methods are needed to gather wildlife data for conservation and management initiatives in Turkey. In order to evaluate the use of camera traps in forest habitats of Turkey, we conducted a 5 phase camera trap survey by using 16 passive infrared-triggered cameras with a total sampling effort of 1200 camera trap days in Yaylacik Research Forest, a 50 km2 forest patch of Yenice Forest in Karabü<br>k during January-May 2006.
The camera trap survey confirmed the presence of grey wolf (Canis lupus), brown bear (Ursus arctos), wildcat (Felis silvestris), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), badger (Meles meles), pine marten (Martes martes), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the study area. The camera trap survey also revealed the presence of jackal (Canis aureus) and brown hare (Lepus europaeus), whose presence were not known by people living and working in the area. Contrary to the local belief, neither camera trapping survey nor ground survey confirmed the presence of lynx (Lynx lynx) in Yaylacik Research Forest.
The wolf was observed to be crepuscular and the wildcat showed a diurnal activity pattern. Wildcat seemed to avoid other carnivores spatially and temporally. Simulation studies suggested that camera trap surveys should last 14 days for wolf, 13 days for wildcat, 10 days for pine marten, and 11 days for roe deer, while it is advisable to conduct longer surveys, probably 15-20 days, for wild boar, red fox and brown bears.
The estimated population size for wildcat was 9 (SE=2.28227) with 95% confidence interval of 9 to 25 in the study area. A minimum of 6 brown bears were present in the study area.
Our study indicated that the local knowledge about the presence of wildlife should be considered by researchers, but it cannot replace scientific surveys conducted by field biologists.
This study was the first attempt to assess the presence, relative abundance, activity patterns and diversity of multiple mammal species by the use of camera trapping methodology in Turkey. The results suggest that camera trap surveys have the potential for gathering wildlife data at larger scales in Turkey, where information gap on large mammals is an obstacle for effective management and conservation of mammals.
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Ashe, Vicki Alexis. "Influence of bait on assessment of biodiversity of small mammals." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Spring%20Theses/ASHE_VIKKI_40.pdf.
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Simsek, Senem. "DEVELOPMENT OF TRAPPING STYLE CASSETTES FOR NEW GENE TARGETING STRATEGIES." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1193679015297-95667.
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Because of shared physiological, anatomical and metabolical features with humans, mice have served for a long time as mammalian disease models. In particular, these last ten years have been the golden age for this favoured model animal. Human and mouse genome projects show that there is 95% genome homology. Spurred by this fact, research attention has shifted from reading these sequences to deciphering the functions of these genes. The 1980s saw the remarkable achievement of homologous recombination in mammalian cell culture systems. Later in the 1990s, innovative gene trapping strategies were developed to enabled random mutagenesis. Today, the goal is to generate more versatile tools to avoid limitations posed by these earlier mutagenesis strategies. Many public and private research centers have united with the aim of mutating all mouse genes. In order to achieve this mutagenesis, the first requirement is a set of practical and efficient viral or plasmid based vectors that can be used globally in the genome. This will be aided by advances in understanding of biological events such as gene transcription, recombination, and embryonic stem cell cycle. In addition, technical improvements such as vector development, precise cell culture assay, and recombinant DNA delivery will also be important. The vector design work in this PhD thesis encompasses 0.00001 % ofthese efforts but may to out to be highly relevant...
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Gillen, Carolyn Ann. "Effects of forest composition on trophic relationships among mast production and mammals in southern Illinois." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/623.
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Oak-dominated forest has declined in the eastern United States as shade-tolerant species (e.g., maple [Acer spp.]) replace oaks (Quercus spp.), sparking concern among ecologists regarding species that consume acorns. My goal was to describe how increasing mesophication of oak forests may affect consumers in higher trophic levels. I investigated relationships among forest composition, mast production, small-mammal density, and carnivore occurrence in 8 stands representing 4 forest types (upland oak, mixed-mesophytic, non-oak, and bottomland oak) in southern Illinois. I calculated tree-species richness, basal area, and other measures of forest composition using 3 0.04-ha plots/stand. In June-August 2009 and 2010, I live-trapped small mammals for 16,236 trap-nights with trapping webs to estimate population density of mice (Peromyscus spp.). I collected mast seeds during October-November 2009 and 2010 and calculated average dry biomass (g/m2) for each species and stand. During winter 2009-2011, I photographed carnivores using baited camera traps and combined these data with those from stands used in a concomitant large-scale carnivore survey. I regressed mast biomass, Peromyscus density, Peromyscus survival, and carnivore occurrence on measures of forest composition and hard-mast biomass. Peromyscus summer density was not related to % hard-mast basal area, nor to hard-mast biomass from the previous autumn. Survival of Peromyscus in 2010 displayed a significant positive relationship with hard-mast biomass in 2009 (F1,6 = 7.85, P = 0.04, r2 = 0.61). Logistic regressions of carnivore occurrence on Peromyscus density were not significant. Coyote (Canis latrans) occurrence at my sites and additional sites during January-April 2010 decreased with increasing % hard-mast basal area (x2 = 4.64, df = 1, P = 0.03). Bobcat (Lynx rufus) and gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) occurrence showed no relationship with % hard-mast basal area. Many other studies have demonstrated links of several species to oak forest, but the scale of this study may have been too small to detect effects of mesophication. Alternatively, small-mammal density may be influenced by invertebrate prey abundance or weather conditions. The landscape matrix of oak-hickory forest may also act to homogenize Peromyscus density across my study sites. Longer-term research could help clarify relationships among trophic levels. It is important for managers to consider techniques that may conserve oak forest.
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Parrinha, Marta Alcoforado da Gama de Oliveira. "Impacts of human disturbance on the occurrence of canivorous mammals in the Arrabida Natural Park." Master's thesis, ISA, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21318.
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Mestrado em Gestão e Conservação de Recursos Naturais / Instituto Superior de Agronomia. Universidade de Lisboa<br>The impact of human activities on the environment and biodiversity assumes unprecedented levels. Measuring such impacts can inform about the repercussions these impacts may have on animal species. In the Mediterranean region these impacts are of particular relevance, since most of the ecosystems coevolved with the human presence based on an extensive management, generally compatible with natural assets. However, the intensification of the landscape alterations and changes in the land-use management over the past years is responsible for the degradation of animal communities. These anthropogenic drivers can lead to profound consequences not only on the environment itself, but also on all living species. The study took place in Arrábida Natural Park (ANP) where we set 47 camera trap stations within an area of 5 587 ha to monitor carnivorous mammals. As explanatory variables, we considered groups of variables included in the most significant anthropogenic drivers: landscape alterations, land-use management, urban and industry development and, finally, the introduction of feral species. We detected five out of the eight species recorded in the ANP, but only three had the minimum occurrence data necessary for statistical analysis. Model selection revealed that the used variables were not significant on carnivore species, contrary to what we expected. Only landscape alterations and land-use management, showed positive relations with wild carnivores’ occupancy. Meanwhile, our study also demonstrated that weather variables had an impact on the detection of these species. Carnivores were present in almost all study area throughout the seasons, which impede the estimation of extinction e colonization parameters for most species. Although our results did not demonstrate an evident impact of anthropogenic disturbance on carnivore species, our data suggests that the community is already depleted. We conclude that the area may be experiencing human pressure from decades on, and only common and generalist carnivorous species prevail<br>N/A
Books on the topic "Mammal trapping"
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Parsons, Perry. Field work with Diane Randgaard: Small mammal trapping in the North Cascades. Huxley College of Environmental Studies, Western Washington University, 1998.
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McNay, Mark E. Investigation of wolf population response to intensive trapping in the presence of high ungulate biomass. State of Alaska, Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, 2000.
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McNay, Mark E. Investigation of wolf population response to intensive trapping in the presence of high ungulate biomass. State of Alaska, Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, 1999.
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Milton, G. Randy. Amphibian and small mammal captures on conventional clearcut and whole-tree harvested sites. St. Mary's River Forestry-Wildlife Project, Canadian Institute of Forestry, c/o N.S. Dept. of Natural Resources, 1992.
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Poole, Kim Gordon. Alberta furbearer harvest data analysis. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Fish and Wildlife Division, 2001.
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Thomas, M. D. Possum monitoring using raised leg-hold traps. Dept. of Conservation, 2000.
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Reeve, Nigel J. A trapping survey of small mammals in Richmond Park, Surrey (Autumn 1994) with comments on the potential for the re-establishment of barn owls (Tyto alba). Roehampton Institute, 1996.
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E, McNay Mark, and Alaska. Division of Wildlife Conservation., eds. Investigation of wolf population response to intensive trapping in the presence of high ungulate biomass. State of Alaska, Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, 1999.
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Hammond, Ellen L. Mark-recapture estimates of population parameters for selected species of small mammals. 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Mammal trapping"
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Serfass, Thomas L., Lesley Wright, Kelly Pearce, and Nicole Duplaix. "Animal Welfare Issues Pertaining to the Trapping of Otters for Research, Conservation, and Fur." In Marine Mammal Welfare. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46994-2_30.
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Choiński, Mateusz, Mateusz Rogowski, Piotr Tynecki, Dries P. J. Kuijper, Marcin Churski, and Jakub W. Bubnicki. "A First Step Towards Automated Species Recognition from Camera Trap Images of Mammals Using AI in a European Temperate Forest." In Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84340-3_24.
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AbstractCamera traps are used worldwide to monitor wildlife. Despite the increasing availability of Deep Learning (DL) models, the effective usage of this technology to support wildlife monitoring is limited. This is mainly due to the complexity of DL technology and high computing requirements. This paper presents the implementation of the light-weight and state-of-the-art YOLOv5 architecture for automated labeling of camera trap images of mammals in the Białowieża Forest (BF), Poland. The camera trapping data were organized and harmonized using TRAPPER software, an open-source application for managing large-scale wildlife monitoring projects. The proposed image recognition pipeline achieved an average accuracy of 85% F1-score in the identification of the 12 most commonly occurring medium-size and large mammal species in BF, using a limited set of training and testing data (a total of 2659 images with animals).Based on the preliminary results, we have concluded that the YOLOv5 object detection and classification model is a fine and promising DL solution after the adoption of the transfer learning technique. It can be efficiently plugged in via an API into existing web-based camera trapping data processing platforms such as e.g. TRAPPER system. Since TRAPPER is already used to manage and classify (manually) camera trapping datasets by many research groups in Europe, the implementation of AI-based automated species classification will significantly speed up the data processing workflow and thus better support data-driven wildlife monitoring and conservation. Moreover, YOLOv5 has been proven to perform well on edge devices, which may open a new chapter in animal population monitoring in real-time directly from camera trap devices.
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Proulx, Gilbert. "Mammal Trapping." In Encyclopedia of Pest Management, Volume II. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420068467.ch83.
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Proulx, Gilbert. "Mammal Trapping." In Encyclopedia of Pest Management (Print). CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/noe0824706326.ch204.
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Beinart, William, and Lotte Hughes. "Hunting, Wildlife, and Imperialism in Southern Africa." In Environment and Empire. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199260317.003.0009.
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Imperial networks in northern North America flowed initially along the waterways that gave access to the trade-associated hunting, trapping, timber extraction, and related activities. Hunting was essential to many indigenous societies, and required relatively little investment for the first wave of traders and settlers. It generated valuable resources in a number of colonized zones. But hunting frontiers in the British Empire differed. In part, the reasons were environmental. The assemblage of species in North America and Africa were possibly more similar 15,000 years ago ‘when the American West looked much as [the] Serengeti plains do today’. Large mammals including mammoths, big cats, and wild horses roamed the northern hemisphere prairies. Climate change, combined with the impact of rapid human migration through the Americas 10–12,000 years ago, resulted in many extinctions so that the wildlife of the two areas had become distinctive by the onset of European colonization. This opened up divergent opportunities for consumption and trade. Southern Africa was a frontier of heat rather than cold. There were no animals with the thick glossy fur favoured by Europeans for outer garments or for felt. Southern Africa’s most prized hunted commodity—aside from meat—was equally unpredictable. While mammoths had been exterminated in North America, an elephant species with large tusks survived into the modern era in Africa. Environmental factors also shaped the technology of hunting and carriage. Southern Africa lacked navigable rivers and lakes; Canada’s abundance of water was matched by South Africa’s dearth. Although the spread of firearms and horses was common to both regions, South Africa’s transport sinews were dusty, rutted ox-wagon tracks across the veld rather than the cool, wooded lakes and streams along which canoes could be paddled. In part, differences resulted from the chance value of particular animal products. Southern Africa was home to an extraordinary range of large mammals. The richness of wildlife can be judged by the variety of predators at the top of the food chain—lions, leopards, cheetahs, caracals, hyenas, wild dogs, jackals, as well as smaller cats. The antelope population was unparalleled in the diversity of its species. But variety did not in itself translate into value.