Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mammalian limb use

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Academic literature on the topic 'Mammalian limb use'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 2 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Mammalian limb use"

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Baudinette, R. V. "The energetics and cardiorespiratory correlates of mammalian terrestrial locomotion." Journal of Experimental Biology 160, no. 1 (1991): 209–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.160.1.209.

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Energy costs of locomotion in mammals can be predicted from running speed and body mass, with the minimum cost decreasing regularly with increasing mass (Mb-0.30). The predictive value of this model is surprising, given the differences in gait and limb structure among mammals. The decrease in mass-specific cost cannot be explained by the work done in moving the limbs and the centre of mass, as animals of different sizes do the same amount of work to move a unit mass a unit distance. The magnitude of the muscle forces involved and the shortening velocity are more likely causes. Terrestrial mamm
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Polk, J. D. "Adaptive and phylogenetic influences on musculoskeletal design in cercopithecine primates." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 21 (2002): 3399–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.21.3399.

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SUMMARY Broad allometric studies of the musculoskeletal system have frequently sought to explain how locomotor variables have been influenced by body mass. To examine animals that vary widely in body mass, these studies have included taxa that differ in their locomotor adaptations and phylogenetic relatedness. Because these sources of diversity could obscure the effects of body mass,this study was designed to test the effects of adaptive differences in limb proportions and phylogeny, as well as body mass, on locomotor kinematics and extensor muscle mechanical advantage. More specifically, two
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Iwaniuk, AN, and IQ Whishaw. "How skilled are the skilled limb movements of the raccoon (Procyon lotor)?" Behavioural Brain Research 99 (June 7, 1999): 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-4328(98)00067-9.

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Raccoons have been widely used for neurobiological research and with respect to paw (hand) use have been 'considered' to be primates because they display highly developed skilled hand use. Their exceptional manipulatory ability is puzzling from an evolutionary perspective both because they belong to a taxon that is divergent from primates and because most members of their taxon are not especially skilled. Surprisingly, there has been no systematic investigation of their manipulatory ability. This was the purpose of the present study. Captive and zoo-housed raccoons were video recorded during f
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Nishimura, H., C. Koseki, M. Imai, and E. J. Braun. "Sodium chloride and water transport in the thin descending limb of Henle of the quail." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 257, no. 6 (1989): F994—F1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1989.257.6.f994.

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Birds and mammals can produce hyperosmotic urine, but their renal morphology and urine-concentrating mechanisms differ. To elucidate the countercurrent urine concentration mechanism in birds, we examined the structure and transport properties of the descending limb (DL) of Henle of mammalian-type nephrons in Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix. In the avian renal medulla, a prominent ring of collecting ducts and scattered thick limbs surrounds a core of capillaries and DLs. Epithelial cells in the upper DL (DLu) have abundant microvilli and shallow, tight junctions; cells in the lower DL are fla
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Zakeri, Zahra F., and Harleen Singh Ahuja. "Apoptotic cell death in the limb and its relationship to pattern formation." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 72, no. 11-12 (1994): 603–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o94-080.

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Detection of cell death throughout embryogenesis demonstrates its importance in the normal form and function of the organism. We have examined cellular death during normal limb development by use of markers that display the morphology of cell death, the presence of phagocytic cells, and lysosomal activity. In addition in situ labeling confirms fragmentation of DNA in the mammalian limb. By these criteria, cell death in the developing limb can be categorized as type 1 or apoptotic cell death. However, the signal(s) responsible for cellular destruction and activation of phagocytosis by neighbori
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Doube, Michael, Alessandro A. Felder, Melissa Y. Chua, et al. "Limb bone scaling in hopping macropods and quadrupedal artiodactyls." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 10 (2018): 180152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180152.

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Bone adaptation is modulated by the timing, direction, rate and magnitude of mechanical loads. To investigate whether frequent slow, or infrequent fast, gaits could dominate bone adaptation to load, we compared scaling of the limb bones from two mammalian herbivore clades that use radically different high-speed gaits, bipedal hopping (suborder Macropodiformes; kangaroos and kin) and quadrupedal galloping (order Artiodactyla; goats, deer and kin). Forelimb and hindlimb bones were collected from 20 artiodactyl and 15 macropod species (body mass M 1.05–1536 kg) and scanned in computed tomography
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Kaplan, Gisela, and Lesley J. Rogers. "Brain Size Associated with Foot Preferences in Australian Parrots." Symmetry 13, no. 5 (2021): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13050867.

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Since foot preference of cockatoos and parrots to hold and manipulate food and other objects has been associated with better ability to perform certain tasks, we predicted that either strength or direction of foot preference would correlate with brain size. Our study of 25 psittacine species of Australia found that species with larger absolute brain mass have stronger foot preferences and that percent left-footedness is correlated positively with brain mass. In a sub-sample of 11 species, we found an association between foot preference and size of the nidopallial region of the telencephalon, a
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Gál, Julianna M. "Spinal flexion and locomotor energetics in kangaroo, monkey, and tiger." Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, no. 12 (1992): 2444–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-329.

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It has been suggested that galloping is the most economical gait for mammals to use in high-speed locomotion, because galloping makes it possible for kinetic energy associated with leg movements to be stored briefly as strain energy in elastic structures in the back. When this strain energy is returned in elastic recoil, it reduces the total amount of work done by the muscles. This hypothesis was tested in the context of the passive mechanical properties of mammalian intervertebral joints in sagittal bending. The specific strain energies absorbed (EIN/mass) were expressed as power functions of
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Koh, Jennifer M. S., Leesa Haynes, Katherine Belov, and Philip W. Kuchel. "L-to-D-peptide isomerase in male echidna venom." Australian Journal of Zoology 58, no. 5 (2010): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo10045.

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The monotremes (the echidnas and the platypus) display both mammalian and reptilian features. Male monotremes have a bilateral crural gland that is connected via a duct to a spur on each hind limb. Male echidnas appear not to use their spurs as weapons in aggressive acts, but the crural system may have a role in reproductive behaviour because it appears only to be active during the breeding season. The secretions produced by the echidna’s crural gland have not hitherto been biochemically or pharmacologically characterised. We used reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC)
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Senter, Phil, and John G. Moch. "A critical survey of vestigial structures in the postcranial skeletons of extant mammals." PeerJ 3 (November 24, 2015): e1439. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1439.

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In the Mammalia, vestigial skeletal structures abound but have not previously been the focus of study, with a few exceptions (e.g., whale pelves). Here we use a phylogenetic bracketing approach to identify vestigial structures in mammalian postcranial skeletons and present a descriptive survey of such structures in the Mammalia. We also correct previous misidentifications, including the previous misidentification of vestigial caviid metatarsals as sesamoids. We also examine the phylogenetic distribution of vestigiality and loss. This distribution indicates multiple vestigialization and loss ev
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Book chapters on the topic "Mammalian limb use"

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Domning, Daryl P. "The Terrestrial Posture of Desmostylians." In Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. Smithsonian Institution Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00810266.93.99.

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An attempt to reconstruct a skeleton of <i>Paleoparadoxia </i>Reinhart, 1959 (Mammalia, Desmostylia), suggests that desmostylian terrestrial posture deviated from that of typical ungulates much less than has been supposed by other authors. Desmostylians probably had a quadrupedal stance, with the body welt off the ground and the limbs more or less under the body; a strongly arched spine and steeply inclined pelvis; slightly abducted elbows and more strongly abducted knees; and a digitigrade foot posture with an extended but not hyperextended wrist and hyperextended toes, the front
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Kemp, T. S. "Evolution of mammalian biology." In The Origin and Evolution of Mammals. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198507604.003.0007.

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There are large biological differences between the mammals and the primitive living amniotes as represented by turtles, lizards, and crocodiles ● Differentiated dentition with occluding post-canine teeth, and radical reorganisation of jaw musculature to operate them ● Differentiation of vertebral column and limb musculature, and repositioning of limbs to bring feet under the body, increasing agility of locomotion ● Relatively huge brain and highly sensitive sense organs ● Endothermic temperature physiology, with very high metabolic rates, insulation, and high respiratory rates ● Precise osmore
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Kemp, T. S. "Evolution of the mammal-like reptiles." In The Origin and Evolution of Mammals. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198507604.003.0006.

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Mammals, along with the biologically remarkably similar birds, are the vertebrates that are most completely adapted to the physiological rigours of the terrestrial environment. Whilst all the terrestrial dwelling tetrapods can operate in the absence of the buoyancy effect of water, and can use the gaseous oxygen available, mammals have in addition evolved a highly sophisticated ability to regulate precisely the internal temperature and chemical composition of their bodies in the face of the extremes of fluctuating temperature and the dehydrating conditions of dry land. From this perspective, t
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Conference papers on the topic "Mammalian limb use"

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Nowlan, Niamh C., Patrick J. Prendergast, Shahragim Tajbakhsh, and Paula Murphy. "Identifying Candidate Mechanoregulators of Skeletal Development." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206246.

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Studying the relationship between mechanical forces and skeletal development can provide vital clues to the mechanoregulation of skeletogenesis, providing important information to tissue engineers hoping to create functional cartilage or bone in vitro. Many studies of the mechanoregulation of skeletal development have focused on the chick embryo e.g., [1, 2]. However, as no endochondral ossification takes place in the embryonic chick long bones [1], mammalian systems must be used to examine the effect of mechanical forces on endochondral bone formation. Mouse mutant strains exist in which musc
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