Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mammals, Fossil

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Academic literature on the topic 'Mammals, Fossil'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Mammals, Fossil"

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Chester, Stephen G. B., Jonathan I. Bloch, Doug M. Boyer, and William A. Clemens. "Oldest known euarchontan tarsals and affinities of Paleocene Purgatorius to Primates." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 5 (January 20, 2015): 1487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421707112.

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Earliest Paleocene Purgatorius often is regarded as the geologically oldest primate, but it has been known only from fossilized dentitions since it was first described half a century ago. The dentition of Purgatorius is more primitive than those of all known living and fossil primates, leading some researchers to suggest that it lies near the ancestry of all other primates; however, others have questioned its affinities to primates or even to placental mammals. Here we report the first (to our knowledge) nondental remains (tarsal bones) attributed to Purgatorius from the same earliest Paleocene deposits that have yielded numerous fossil dentitions of this poorly known mammal. Three independent phylogenetic analyses that incorporate new data from these fossils support primate affinities of Purgatorius among euarchontan mammals (primates, treeshrews, and colugos). Astragali and calcanei attributed to Purgatorius indicate a mobile ankle typical of arboreal euarchontan mammals generally and of Paleocene and Eocene plesiadapiforms specifically and provide the earliest fossil evidence of arboreality in primates and other euarchontan mammals. Postcranial specializations for arboreality in the earliest primates likely played a key role in the evolutionary success of this mammalian radiation in the Paleocene.
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Mayhew, D. F., F. E. Dieleman, A. A. Slupik, L. W. van den Hoek Ostende, and J. W. F. Reumer. "Small mammal assemblages from the Quaternary succession at Moriaanshoofd (Zeeland, the Netherlands) and their significance for correlating the Oosterschelde fauna." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 93, no. 3 (April 24, 2014): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/njg.2014.6.

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AbstractWe investigated fossil small mammals from a borehole near Moriaanshoofd (Zeeland, southwest Netherlands) in order to get better insights in the fossil mammal faunas that are found in the subsurface in the southwestern Netherlands, and to investigate the age and provenance of the mammal fauna that is being dredged from the deep tidal gullies in the nearby Oosterschelde estuary. The record in the borehole covers Gelasian (Early Pleistocene) to Holocene deposits, represented by six formations. Thirty-nine specimens of small mammals were obtained from the borehole. These fossils derived from the Early Pleistocene marine Maassluis Formation and from directly overlying deposits of a Late Pleistocene age. During Weichselian times (33–24 ka), a proto-Schelde River shaped the northern Oosterschelde area. The river reworked substantial amounts of Early and Middle Pleistocene deposits. At the base of the Schelde-derived fluvial sequence (regionally described as the Koewacht Formation), Gelasian vertebrate faunas were concentrated in the channel lag. The Late Pleistocene channel lag is almost certainly the main source for the rich Early Pleistocene vertebrate faunas with larger mammals dredged from the Oosterschelde.
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Davies, Thomas W., Mark A. Bell, Anjali Goswami, and Thomas J. D. Halliday. "Completeness of the eutherian mammal fossil record and implications for reconstructing mammal evolution through the Cretaceous/Paleogene mass extinction." Paleobiology 43, no. 4 (August 22, 2017): 521–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2017.20.

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AbstractThere is a well-established discrepancy between paleontological and molecular data regarding the timing of the origin and diversification of placental mammals. Molecular estimates place interordinal diversification dates in the Cretaceous, while no unambiguous crown placental fossils have been found prior to the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Here, the completeness of the eutherian fossil record through geological time is evaluated to assess the suggestion that a poor fossil record is largely responsible for the difference in estimates of placental origins. The completeness of fossil specimens was measured using the character completeness metric, which quantifies the completeness of fossil taxa as the percentage of phylogenetic characters available to be scored for any given taxon. Our data set comprised 33 published cladistic matrices representing 445 genera, of which 333 were coded at the species level.There was no significant difference in eutherian completeness across the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary. This suggests that the lack of placental mammal fossils in the Cretaceous is not due to a poor fossil record but more likely represents a genuine absence of placental mammals in the Cretaceous. This result supports the “explosive model” of early placental evolution, whereby placental mammals originated around the time of the K/Pg boundary and diversified soon after.No correlation was found between the completeness pattern observed in this study and those of previous completeness studies on birds and sauropodomorph dinosaurs, suggesting that different factors affect the preservation of these groups. No correlations were found with various isotope proxy measures, but Akaike information criterion analysis found that eutherian character completeness metric scores were best explained by models involving the marine-carbonate strontium-isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr), suggesting that tectonic activity might play a role in controlling the completeness of the eutherian fossil record.
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Brinkman, P. "Bartholomew James Sulivan's discovery of fossil vertebrates in the Tertiary beds of Patagonia." Archives of Natural History 30, no. 1 (April 2003): 56–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2003.30.1.56.

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While commanding a Royal Navy survey of the Falkland Islands in 1845, Bartholomew James Sulivan discovered and collected fossil mammals at Rio Gallegos, Patagonia. Described the following year by Richard Owen, Sulivan's specimens comprised the first collection taken from what would later be designated the Santa Cruz beds (early-middle Miocene), the most prolific fossil mammal horizon in South America and the oldest discovered by Sulivan's time. Unfortunately, Charles Darwin's conservative estimate of the age of the fossils delayed the full appreciation of Sulivan's discovery. Sulivan was only moderately successful at attracting interest in his discovery among British naturalists. By the time that the first extensive collections of Santa Cruz fossil mammals were made by Argentine paleontologists Carlos and Florentino Ameghino, in the 1890s, Sulivan's pioneering role in the history of South American vertebrate paleontology had been overshadowed and all but forgotten. An examination of Sulivan's experience provides a general model for the process whereby some contributors to science descend from initial fame to lasting obscurity.
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Thewissen, J. G. M. "Fossil Asian Mammals Lite." Journal of Mammalian Evolution 22, no. 2 (September 6, 2014): 279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10914-014-9275-4.

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Candeiro, Carlos Roberto dos Anjos, Cláudia Valéria de Lima, Fernanda Maciel Canile, Stephen Louis Brusatte, Tamires do Carmo Dias, Bruno Martins Ferreira, Raylon da Frota Lopes, and João Eduardo Campelo Rodrigues. "Late Paleozoic, Late Cretaceous and Pleistocene-Holocene reptiles and mammals fauna: a review from Goiás State, Brazil." BOLETÍN GEOLÓGICO Y MINERO 133, no. 4 (December 2022): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin/133.4/002.

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The territory of Goiás State in Central Brazil has yielded reptile fossils from the Permian, Cretaceous and fossil mammals from the Pleistocene-Holocene. Many new fossils have been found during the last years, allowing a better understanding of community structure and faunal evolution during these time intervals. In this study we present an updated synthesis of the reptilian and mammal faunas of Goiás. Tetrapod fossils have been found in the Paraná Basin rocks (Permian Passa Dois and Upper Cretaceous Bauru groups) in the Southern Goiás State since 1935. Goiás state fossils have been recorded in eight municipalities, and include mollusks, turtles, mesosaurids, crocodiliforms, dinosaurs, and mammals. This paleofauna is exclusively comprised of classic South American taxa that are also found in other former parts of Gondwana.
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dos Reis, Mario, Philip C. J. Donoghue, and Ziheng Yang. "Neither phylogenomic nor palaeontological data support a Palaeogene origin of placental mammals." Biology Letters 10, no. 1 (January 2014): 20131003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.1003.

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O'Leary et al . (O'Leary et al. 2013 Science 339 , 662–667. ( doi:10.1126/science.1229237 )) performed a fossil-only dating analysis of mammals, concluding that the ancestor of placentals post-dated the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary, contradicting previous palaeontological and molecular studies that placed the ancestor in the Cretaceous. They incorrectly used fossil ages as species divergence times for crown groups, while in fact the former should merely form minimum-age bounds for the latter. Statistical analyses of the fossil record have shown that crown groups are significantly older than the oldest ingroup fossil, so that fossils do not directly reflect the true ages of clades. Here, we analyse a 20 million nucleotide genome-scale alignment in conjunction with a probabilistic interpretation of the fossil ages from O'Leary et al. Our combined analysis of fossils and molecules demonstrates that Placentalia originated in the Cretaceous.
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Samonds, Karen E. "Fossil Mammals of South America." Journal of Mammalogy 99, no. 1 (November 13, 2017): 294–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyx145.

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Smith, Vincent S., Tom Ford, Kevin P. Johnson, Paul C. D. Johnson, Kazunori Yoshizawa, and Jessica E. Light. "Multiple lineages of lice pass through the K–Pg boundary." Biology Letters 7, no. 5 (April 6, 2011): 782–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0105.

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For modern lineages of birds and mammals, few fossils have been found that predate the Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K–Pg) boundary. However, molecular studies using fossil calibrations have shown that many of these lineages existed at that time. Both birds and mammals are parasitized by obligate ectoparasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera), which have shared a long coevolutionary history with their hosts. Evaluating whether many lineages of lice passed through the K–Pg boundary would provide insight into the radiation of their hosts. Using molecular dating techniques, we demonstrate that the major louse suborders began to radiate before the K–Pg boundary. These data lend support to a Cretaceous diversification of many modern bird and mammal lineages.
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Viglino, Mariana, Ana M. Valenzuela-Toro, Aldo Benites-Palomino, Atzcalli Ehécatl Hernández-Cisneros, Carolina S. Gutstein, Gabriel Aguirre-Fernández, Jorge Velez-Juarbe, Mario A. Cozzuol, Monica R. Buono, and Carolina Loch. "Aquatic mammal fossils in Latin America – a review of records, advances and challenges in research in the last 30 years." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 18, no. 1 (January 27, 2023): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5597/lajam00295.

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Records of aquatic mammal fossils (e.g. cetaceans, pinnipeds, sirenians, mustelids, and desmostylians) from Latin America (Mexico to Tierra del Fuego, including Antartica) span since the mid-1800s. Aquatic mammal fossils received little attention from the scientific community, with most of the first studies conducted by Northern Hemisphere researchers. Over the last 30 years, paleontological research in Latin America has increased considerably, with descriptions of several new species and revisions of published original records. The Latin American fossil record of marine mammals spans from the Eocene to the Pleistocene, with formations and specimens of global significance. All three main groups of cetaceans are represented in the continent (Archaeoceti, Mysticeti, and Odontoceti). Pinnipedia are represented by the families Otariidae and Phocidae, with records starting in the Middle Miocene. Both living families of Sirenia (Trichechidae and Dugongidae) are recorded. While less common, but still relevant, records of desmostylians and mustelids are known from Oligocene and Miocene deposits. This review provides a summary of the aquatic mammals known to date, with a special focus on the advances and developments of the last 30 years, since Cozzuol’s (1996) review of the South American fossil record. An up-to-date complete list of species based on the literature and unpublished data is also provided. The study also provides future directions for paleontological research in Latin America, and discusses the challenges and opportunities in the field, including the emergence of a strong new generation of Latin American researchers, many of whom are women.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mammals, Fossil"

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Hanson, Dale Alan. "The fossil mammals of the southern basin of the John Day Formation, Oregon /." view abstract or download file of text, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p1400405.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 2000.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 192-199). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to UO users.
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Meijaard, Erik. "Solving mammalian riddles : a reconstruction of the Tertiary and Quaternary distribution of mammals and their palaeoenvironments in island South-East Asia /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20050924.221423/index.html.

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Schreve, Danielle Caroline. "Mammalian biostratigraphy of the later Middle Pleistocene in Britain." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317926/.

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This study explores and develops the potential of fossil mammals to differentiate between the various climatic episodes of the post-Anglian Middle Pleistocene in Britain. Mammalian fossils are particularly valuable as biostratigraphic indicators on account of their morphological evolution and rapid turnover, through origination and extinction of species. Furthermore, the large-scale climatic fluctuations that affected north-west Europe during the Quaternary produced major shifts in the geographical distributions of many species, resulting in discernible patterns of presence and absence in the fossil record of a particular region. The development of a globally-applicable climatostratigraphic framework, based on the oxygen isotope record from deep-ocean sediments, has provided a new and challenging scheme for the interpretation of the British Quaternary record. Long fluvial sequences in Britain have been related to this record with considerable success, thereby providing a detailed archive of climatic change through the Pleistocene. The Thames valley was selected as a framework for the relative dating of the various climatic fluctuations, since it has been claimed to have the most reliably-dated long terrestrial sequence in the later Middle Pleistocene. The Thames model was therefore adopted as a testable hypothesis against which the mammalian evidence could be compared. The findings of this study confirm the presence of four complete climatic cycles between the Anglian and the Holocene, each with its own distinctive mammalian suite. In addition, it has been possible to identify subdivisions within these temperate stages, probably representing smaller-scale climatic fluctuations within an interglacial, and perhaps corresponding to isotopic substages. It has been possible to resolve a longstanding controversy concerning the age of the British type Hoxnian Interglacial. Amino acid geochronology had suggested that sediments at Hoxne belonged to a later interglacial than deposits from the first post-Anglian temperate episode in the Thames valley, such as Swanscombe. The results of the present study reveal close similarity between the mammalian fauna from Hoxne and that from Swanscombe, suggesting that there was indeed a single Hoxnian Interglacial, and that it directly post-dated the Anglian (i.e. Stage 11). Sediments of this age can be distinguished from those attributable to two other late Middle Pleistocene interglacials, all of them distinct from and older than, the Ipswichian. It has been suggested that distinctive mammalian assemblages can be identified from interglacials equivalent to oxygen isotope stages 9 and 7; moreover, it is apparent that the assemblages from warm Substages 7c and 7a differed from one another in species composition. Certain useful characters have also been determined, which can permit useful separation of some of the late Middle Pleistocene cold episodes, although in comparison with the interglacials, the evidence from these is scanty. The present study has provided a new biostratigraphic framework that may be both tested and refined as new sites become available in Britain, and also compared with the evidence from continental north-west Europe.
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Bassarova, Mina School of Biological Earth &amp Environmental Sciences UNSW. "Taphonomic and palaeoecological investigations of Riversleigh Oligo-miocene fossil sites: mammalian palaeocommunities and their habitats." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23074.

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The palaeoecology of selected fossil sites from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, northwestern Queensland, Australia, was studied with the aim of describing the palaeohabitats of the sites through the use of characteristics of mammalian community structure. Taphonomic analyses were carried out to determine whether the study sites represent allochthonous or autochthonous assemblages. Subsequently, ecological attributes of the mammalian fossil assemblages were inferred from functional morphology. Trophic and locomotor behaviours were used to describe the adaptive structure of communities and a method was established for inferring the locomotor behaviour of fossil taxa from morphometrics of their calcanea. Such ecological attributes of the assemblages can be used in reconstructing habitats. This is possible because modern mammalian community structure (as represented by ecological diversity/attribute characteristics) has been found to correlate with habitat structure and thus has predictive value, directly applicable in palaeoecology. Modern mammalian faunas from a variety of habitats around the world were used as possible analogues for the Riversleigh fossil faunas. Multivariate statistical techniques were explored for identifying potential similarities between the community structure of the fossil faunas and that of the modern faunas. Annual rainfall was then estimated for the fossil sites through regression analysis allowing climatic inference from the faunal palaeocommunities. On the basis of similarities in community structure, general habitat or vegetation structure was proposed for the fossil assemblages. The results of the analyses undertaken indicate that Riversleigh early-middle Miocene habitats were densely forested. The late Oligocene Quantum Leap Site local fauna and the late Miocene Encore Site local fauna suggest mixed vegetation, or more open environments. The trend of decreasing annual rainfall through the Miocene and the palaeohabitats of the Miocene sites proposed here fit the general pattern of vegetation and climate change during this period for the Australian continent as a whole.
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McLaughlin, Win, and Win McLaughlin. "Hawk Rim: A Geologic and Paleontological Description of a New Barstovian Locality in Central Oregon." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12553.

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Hawk Rim represents a new mid-Miocene site in Eastern Oregon. This time period offers a rare chance to observe dramatic climatic changes, such as sudden warming trends. The site is sedimentologically and stratigraphically consistent with the Mascall Formation of the John Day Basin to the north and east of Hawk Rim. Hawk Rim preserves taxa such as canids Cynarctoides acridens and Paratomarctus temerarius, the felid Pseudaelurus skinneri, castorids Anchitheriomys and Monosaulax, tortoises and the remains of both cormorants and owls. Hawk Rim has yielded a new genus and species of mustelid. As individuals these taxa are of interest, but the real story is told by the paleoecology. The lower reaches of the section have lacustrine diatomite layers as well as preserved logs, suggesting the presence of a wet, forested ecosystem as conformed by the structure of the paleosols. Climate data allow us to make analyses of large-scale ecological trends in mid-Miocene Oregon.
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Musser, Anne Marie School of Biological Earth &amp Environmental Sciences UNSW. "Investigations into the evolution of Australian mammals with a focus on monotremata." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25739.

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This thesis began as an investigation into evolution of the platypus family (Ornithorhynchidae, Monotremata), now known from both Australia and South America. The thesis broadened its scope with inclusion of non-ornithorhynchid Mesozoic monotremes from Lightning Ridge, NSW. This change in direction brought an unexpected result: a fossil mammal from Lightning Ridge investigated for this thesis (presumed to be monotreme: Flannery et al., 1995) appears to be a new and unique type of mammal. Specimens were procured through Queensland Museum (Riversleigh material); Australian Museum (Lightning Ridge material); and Museum of Victoria and the South Australian Museum (fossil ornithorhynchids). Specimens were examined under a light microscope and scanning electron microscope; specimens were photographed using light photography and a scanning electron microscope; and illustrations and reconstructions were done with a camera lucida microscope attachment and photographic references. Parsimony analysis utilised the computer programs PAUP and MacClade. Major conclusions: 1) analysis and reconstruction of the skull of the Miocene platypus Obdurodon dicksoni suggest this robust, large-billed platypus was a derived northern offshoot off the main line of ornithorhynchid evolution; 2) the well-preserved skull of Obdurodon dicksoni shows aspects of soft anatomy previously unknown for fossil ornithorhynchids; 3) two upper molars from Mammalon Hill (Etadunna Formation, late Oligocene, central Australia) represent a third species of Obdurodon; 4) the South American ornithorhynchid Monotrematum sudamericanum from the Paleocene of Argentina is very close in form to the Oligocene-Miocene Obdurodon species from Australia and should be considered congeneric; 5) a revised diagnosis of the lower jaw of the Early Cretaceous monotreme Steropodon galmani includes the presence of two previously undescribed archaic features: the probable presence of postdentary bones and a meckelian groove; 6) morphological evidence is presented supporting a separate family Steropodontidae; and 7) analysis of new fossil material for Kollikodon ritchiei suggests that this taxon is not a monotreme mammal as originally identified but is a basal mammal with close relationships to allotherian mammals (Morganucodonta; Haramiyida). Kollikodon is provisionally placed as basal allotherian mammal (Allotheria sensu Butler 2000) and is unique at the ordinal level, being neither haramiyid nor multituberculate. A new allotherian order ??? Kollikodonta ??? is proposed.
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TOMIDA, YUKIMITSU. "SMALL MAMMAL FOSSILS AND CORRELATION OF CONTINENTAL DEPOSITS, SAFFORD AND DUNCAN BASINS, ARIZONA (GILA CONGLOMERATE, MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHY, BIOCHRONOLOGY, BLANCAN AGE, TAXONOMY)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188105.

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Fossil bearing continental deposits, the Gila Conglomerate, of the Safford and Duncan Basins, Arizona were correlated with the magnetic polarity time scale by means of magnetostratigraphy and biochronology of mammalian fossils. Within the Safford Basin, the Bear Springs section with a middle Blancan fauna is correlated with the lower or upper Gauss chron; the 111 Ranch section with a middle to late Blancan fauna is correlated with the upper Gauss to early Matuyama chrons; and the San Simon Power Line section with probably a latest Blancan fauna is correlated with the early Matuyama chron. In the Duncan Basin, the Duncan section with a middle Blancan fauna is correlated with the middle Gauss chron; the Pearson Mesa section with a middle Blancan fauna is correlated with the Upper Gauss chron; and the Country Club section with a middle Blancan fauna is correlated with the latest Gilbert to early Gauss chrons or from the middle Gauss to the earliest Matuyama chrons. A late Blancan fauna is not recognized in the Duncan Basin at least within the study area, whereas the Gila Conglomerate in the Safford Basin includes deposits and fauna of the latest Blancan (latest Pliocene) age. A minimum of 37 taxa of small mammals are recognized among the approximately 1,600 specimens from the Gila Conglomerate of the Safford and Duncan Basins. Three new rodent species are described; they are Pappogeomys (Cratogeomys) sansimonensis, new species; Reithrodontomys galushai, new species; and Repomys arizonensis, new species. One new combination of genus and species, Hypolague virginiae, is described. In the Safford Basin, a minimum of 26 small mammal taxa are now recognized in the 111 Ranch fauna, of which three genera (Dipodomys, Peromyscus, and Repomys) are new records to the fauna; a minimum of 6 taxa of small mammals are recognized and described for the first time in the San Simon Power Line fauna. In the Duncan Basin, a minimum of 15 small mammal taxa are recognized and described for the first time.
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Van, Pletzen Liezl. "The large mammal fauna from Klasies River." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51991.

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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The large mammal faunal sample, excavated since 1984 from the Late Pleistocene Klasies River main site, was studied. There are 27 species in eight genera represented. The bovids from the LBS member (110 000 years) and the Upper member (70 000 years) shows an increase in grazers relative to the fauna from the SAS member (100 000 years). This confirms previous research. The study of body part frequencies does not confirm the selective transport of the carcasses of larger bovids or that scavenging played an important role in the accumulation of the fauna. It is concluded that availability of marine mammals were the attraction of the locality and that all size classes of bovids were actively hunted and their carcasses returned to the site. KEYWORDS: Klasies River, Late Pleistocene, large mammal fauna, hunting.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die groot soogdier fauna van die Laat Pleistoseen vindplaas Klasies River main site, opgegrawe vanaf 1984, is bestudeer. Sewe-en-twintig spesies in agt genera is verteenwoordig. Die bokke van die LBS member (110 000 jare) en die Upper member (70 000 jare) toon 'n styging in grasvreters relatief tot dié van die SAS member (100 000 jare). Dit bevestig 'n vorige ondersoek. Die bestudering van ligaamsdeel frekwensies van alle groottes bokke bevestig nie dat selektiewe vervoer van groter bokkarkasse plaasgevind het nie, of dat aas 'n rol in die akkumulasie van die fauna gespeel het nie. Die gevolgtrekking is gemaak dat die teenwoordigheid van marine soogdiere die rede was vir die keuse van hierdie vindplaas was. Alle groottes bokke is doelbewus gejag en hulle karkasse is teruggebring na die vindplaas. SLEUTELWOORDE: Klasies River, Laat Pleistoseen, groot soogdiere, jag.
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Ribeiro, Graziella do Couto. "Osteologia de Taubatherium paulacoutoi Soria & Alvarenga, 1989 (Notoungulata, Leontiniidae) e de um novo Pyrotheria: dois mamíferos fósseis da Formação Tremembé, Brasil (SALMA Deseadense - Oligoceno Superior)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-18012016-163320/.

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O presente estudo aborda a descrição osteológica e a análise taxonômica dos fósseis de Taubatherium paulacoutoi (ordem Notoungulata: família Leontiniidae) e de um novo táxon (ainda não descrito) da ordem Pyrotheria, ambos procedentes da Formação Tremembé (Bacia de Taubaté), com idade ao redor de 24 milhões de anos. A análise inclui todo material disponível, a maioria não estudada previamente. Comparações desses materiais foram feitas com esqueletos de mamíferos fósseis, das mesmas ordens e famílias de outras localidades da América do Sul de idade semelhante. A maioria dos fósseis procedentes da Fm. Tremembé, bem como os esqueletos de mamíferos atuaisencontram-senas coleções do Museu de História Natural de Taubaté (MHNT). Os fósseis procedentes de outros países sul-americanos foram examinados e analisados em coleções paleontológicas de museus da Argentina e dos Estados Unidos. Foram mais de 490 segmentos (dentes e ossos) analisados e referidos a T. paulacoutoi, sendo alguns fragmentados, mas outros praticamente completos e em ótimo estado de conservação. Com o objetivo de ampliar o conhecimento de Taubatherium paulacoutoi foi realizada a descrição anatômica e comparativa do esqueleto, bem como a reconstituição completa do esqueleto e do animal em vida, incluindo hábitos alimentares e postura corporal. Os resultados revelaram que Taubatherium é um mamífero de médio porte, com aproximadamente 1,80 m de comprimento, 80 cm de altura e cerca de 280-350 kg de peso, comparável em tamanho e massa corpórea a uma espécie moderna de Equus (Equidae), cujas características corroboram a hipótese de ter sido um mamífero herbívoro rameador, de hábitos gregários, que vivia em bandos à beira do paleolago. Para uma melhor caracterização do Pyrotheria da Formação Tremembé foram realizadas comparações dos dentes e dos ossos pós-cranianos com os de outros membros da família Pyrotheriidae, especialmente com Pyrotherium romeroi (Argentina) e Pyrotherium macfaddeni (Bolívia). A presença da ordem Pyrotheria foi confirmada para a Fm. Tremembé. Contudo, as características morfológicas observadas nos materiais o diferem dos táxons previamente descritos para a familia; o pirotério da Fm. Tremembé mostra semelhanças com os do gênero Pyrotherium, porém se trata, seguramente, de um gênero e de uma espécie distinta ainda a ser descrita. A paleomastofauna conhecida para a Bacia de Taubaté tem composição própria, representada por espécies endêmicas. Tais registros corroboram com a SALMA Deseadense Superior (Oligoceno Superior ou Mioceno Inferior) para a Fm. Tremembé, cujos depósitos representam um momento singular na história da América do Sul
The present study comprises an osteological description and taxonomic analysis of fossil mammal remains of Taubatherium paulacoutoi (order Notoungulata: family Leontiniidae) and also of a new taxon (undescribed) of the order Pyrotheria, both from the Tremembé Formation (Taubaté Basin), aged around 24 mya. The analysis included all available material, most of which had not been studied previously. Comparisons were made with fossil mammals of the same orders and families of similar age from other localities in South America. Most fossil remains from Tremembé Formation and current mammalian skeletons are housed in the collections of Museu de História Natural de Taubaté (MHNT). Fossils from other South American countries were analyzed in paleontological collections from museums in Argentina and the United States.The studied material included more than 490 bone and teeth fossils referable to T. paulacoutoi, some of which were fragmented, but others almost complete and in excellent condition. We made a complete reconstruction of the skeleton, with anatomical and comparative descriptions, and propose body posture and likely eating habits. The results revealed that Taubatherium was a medium-sized mammal, around 1.80 m long, 80 cm high, and about 280-350 kg weight, comparable in size to the body mass of a modern Equus species (Equidae), and its features support the hypothesis of a herbivorous rameador mammal of gregarious habits that lived in herds around the paleo-lake. To characterize the new taxon of Pyrotheria from the Tremembé Formation, comparisons were made of teeth and post-cranial bones with other members of Pyrotheriidae, especially with Pyrotherium romeroi (Argentina) and P. macfaddeni (Bolivia). The presence of the order Pyrotheria in the Tremembé Formation is confirmed.However, the morphological characteristics observed in the fossil samples differ from all previously described taxa for the family; our fossil material from the Fm. Tremembé resembles the genus Pyrotherium, but is sufficiently distinct to warrant recognition as a new species in a distinct genus. The paleomastofauna known for the Taubaté Basin has a distinctive composition and is represented by endemic species. Such records corroborate with the SALMA Upper Deseadense (Upper Oligocene and Lower Miocene) at Fm. Tremembé, and these deposits represent a unique period in the history of South America
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Price, Catherine R. "Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene small mammals in South West Britain : environmental and taphonomic implications, and their role in archaeological research." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2001. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/late-pleistocene-and-early-holocene-small-mammals-in-south-west-britain-environmental-and-taphonomic-implications-and-their-role-in-archaeological-research(0fdb87f2-abcf-4676-9bd3-0a23c9922caf).html.

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This project examines small mammal faunas from cave sites in south-west England and south Wales. The aims are threefold: To examine the rapid environmental changes taking place in the Late Pleistocene and early Holocene: To understand the processes by which small mammal remains were deposited in the caves examined: To demonstrate the value of small mammal studies as an archaeological tool. All identifiable small mammal remains from twelve selected sites are listed. Ten of the sites are new material. As the species examined here are seldom exploited by humans, the small mammals provide a record of the past environment unaffected by human selection of particular species, as might be the case in larger mammal assemblages. An examination of possible agents of accumulation is provided for each site to identify any bias introduced by prey selection. Reconstructions of the environment local to each cave at the time of deposition are offered. The evidence provided by the small mammals is related to the archaeological findings from each cave, to demonstrate the effect of human habitation of cave sites on the depositional and post-depositional processes shown by the microfauna. The environmental evidence provided by the study reflects a wider landscape rather than merely the immediate surroundings of the cave, and so gives a basis for human exploitation patterns in the area accessible from the cave. Reconstructions of the ecological mosaics formed by the rapidly changing climate of the period and the topographic variation around the cave sites are provided, demonstrating the potential complexity of the environment in which the humans and other fauna of the period existed. It is hoped that this will encourage archaeologists to look beyond the general division of environmental boundaries in this period, and to examine the local variation in habitat availability and use.
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Books on the topic "Mammals, Fossil"

1

Wexo, John Bonnett. Mammals. Mankato, Minn: Creative Education, 1991.

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Westrup, Hugh. The mammals. Brookfield, Conn: Millbrook Press, 1996.

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Wang, Xiaoming, Lawrence J. Flynn, and Mikael Fortelius, eds. Fossil Mammals of Asia. New York Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/wang15012.

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Strachan, Elizabeth. Prehistoric mammals. London: Evans, 1991.

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Llamas, Andreu. Mammals dominate the earth. New York: Chelsea House, 1996.

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Minelli, G. Mammals. New York, N.Y: Facts on File Publications, 1987.

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Fowler, Allan. Mammals of long ago. New York: Children's Press, 2000.

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Wallace, David Rains. Beasts of Eden: Walking whales· dawn horses· and other enigmas of mammal evolution. Berkeley· CA: University of California Press·, 2003.

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Stidworthy, John. Mighty mammals of thepast. London: Macdonald, 1986.

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Gallant, Roy A. The rise of mammals. New York: F. Watts, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mammals, Fossil"

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Wang, Xiaoming, Lawrence J. Flynn, and Mikael Fortelius. "Introduction Toward a Continental Asian Biostratigraphic and Geochronologic Framework." In Fossil Mammals of Asia, edited by Xiaoming Wang, Lawrence J. Flynn, and Mikael Fortelius, 1–26. New York Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/wang15012-intro.

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Žliobaitė, Indrė, Mikael Fortelius, Raymond L. Bernor, Lars W. van den Hoek Ostende, Christine M. Janis, Kari Lintulaakso, Laura K. Säilä, et al. "The NOW Database of Fossil Mammals." In Evolution of Cenozoic Land Mammal Faunas and Ecosystems, 33–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17491-9_3.

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AbstractNOW (New and Old Worlds) is a global database of fossil mammal occurrences, currently containing around 68,000 locality-species entries. The database spans the last 66 million years, with its primary focus on the last 23 million years. Whereas the database contains records from all continents, the main focus and coverage of the database historically has been on Eurasia. The database includes primarily, but not exclusively, terrestrial mammals. It covers a large part of the currently known mammalian fossil record, focusing on classical and actively researched fossil localities. The database is managed in collaboration with an international advisory board of experts. Rather than a static archive, it emphasizes the continuous integration of new knowledge of the community, data curation, and consistency of scientific interpretations. The database records species occurrences at localities worldwide, as well as ecological characteristics of fossil species, geological contexts of localities and more. The NOW database is primarily used for two purposes: (1) queries about occurrences of particular taxa, their characteristics and properties of localities in the spirit of an encyclopedia; and (2) large scale research and quantitative analyses of evolutionary processes, patterns, reconstructing past environments, as well as interpreting evolutionary contexts. The data are fully open, no logging in or community membership is necessary for using the data for any purpose.
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Hopkins, Samantha S. B. "Estimation of Body Size in Fossil Mammals." In Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology, 7–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94265-0_2.

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Gentry, A. W. "A fossil Budorcas (Mammalia, Bovidae) from Africa." In Palaeoecology and Palaeoenvironments of Late Cenozoic Mammals, 571–87. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781487574154-028.

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Lyras, George A., Athanassios Athanassiou, and Alexandra A. E. van der Geer. "The Fossil Record of Insular Endemic Mammals from Greece." In Fossil Vertebrates of Greece Vol. 2, 661–701. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68442-6_25.

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Werdelin, Lars, and Alan Turner. "The fossil and living Hyaenidae of Africa: Present status." In Palaeoecology and Palaeoenvironments of Late Cenozoic Mammals, 637–59. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781487574154-032.

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Stalker, A. Macs. "Origin of the vertebrate fossil sites near Medicine Hat, Alberta." In Palaeoecology and Palaeoenvironments of Late Cenozoic Mammals, 247–58. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781487574154-013.

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Alvarez Sierra, M. A., M. Díaz Molina, J. I. Lacomba, and N. López Martínez. "Taphonomic and Sedimentary Factors in the Fossil Record of Mammals." In European Neogene Mammal Chronology, 461–74. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2513-8_26.

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Luo, Z. X. "FOSSIL VERTEBRATES | Mesozoic Mammals." In Encyclopedia of Geology, 527–34. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-369396-9/00008-3.

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Prothero, D. R. "FOSSIL VERTEBRATES | Placental Mammals." In Encyclopedia of Geology, 535–40. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-369396-9/00010-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mammals, Fossil"

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Smith, Felisa A., Rosemary E. Elliott Smith, S. Kathleen Lyons, and Jonathan L. Payne. "NO CORRELATION BETWEEN CLIMATE AND EXTINCTION IN THE CENOZOIC FOSSIL RECORD OF MAMMALS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-320879.

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Clark, Sarah, and Joshua X. Samuels. "COMMUNITY STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF THE MAMMALS FOUND AT THE GRAY FOSSIL SITE, TN." In Joint 56th Annual North-Central/ 71st Annual Southeastern Section Meeting - 2022. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022nc-374478.

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MacFadden, Bruce J., David J. Bohaska, Linda J. McCall, Jeanette Pirlo, and Julie Niederkorn. "THE FOSSIL PROJECT AND CITIZEN SCIENCE: EARLY MIOCENE LAND MAMMALS FROM BELGRADE, NORTH CAROLINA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-299061.

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Lucas, Spencer G., and Justin A. Spielmann. "Late Eocene (Chadronian) fossil mammals from the Palm Park Formation, Caballo Mountains, Sierra County, New Mexico." In 63rd Annual Fall Field Conference. New Mexico Geological Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.56577/ffc-63.519.

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Lucas, Spencer G., and Thomas E. Williamson. "Fossil mammals and the early Eocene age of the San Jose Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico." In 43rd Annual Fall Field Conference. New Mexico Geological Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.56577/ffc-43.311.

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Samuels, Joshua Xavier, Richard J. Zakrzewski, Richard J. Zakrzewski, Keila E. Bredehoeft, Keila E. Bredehoeft, Cheyenne Crowe, Cheyenne Crowe, et al. "NEW MAMMALS FROM THE GRAY FOSSIL SITE IN TENNESSEE; PALEOECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS AND A REFINED AGE ESTIMATE FOR THE SITE." In 67th Annual Southeastern GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018se-312839.

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Reed, Kaye E., John Rowan, Irene E. Smail, and David A. Feary. "RECONSTRUCTING VEGETATION AND CLIMATE FROM FOSSIL MAMMALS: LATE CENOZOIC ECOSYSTEM CHANGES ACROSS 7 MYR OF HOMININ EVOLUTION IN EASTERN AFRICA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-324793.

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Scholtz, Elinor, and Larisa R. G. DeSantis. "USING SPACE FOR TIME SUBSTITUTIONS AND COMPARISONS BETWEEN FOSSIL AND MODERN SPECIMENS TO ASSESS IMPACTS OF EUROPEAN ARRIVAL ON MARSUPIAL MAMMALS." In 67th Annual Southeastern GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018se-312215.

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Pascari, Viorica. "The evolution of Castorids (Mammalia, Rodentia) in the Republic of Moldova." In Xth International Conference of Zoologists. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/icz10.2021.58.

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Beavers first appear in Asia, where fossil remains date back to the Eocene (33-36 million years ago). The most widespread Pleistocene giant beaver fossils were Siberian beavers – Trogontherium cuvieri and the North American beaver – Castoroides ohioensis. According to recent research, the oldest beavers in the Republic of Moldova are known from the deposits of Sarmatian (11.5 million years) – Steneofiber aff. depereti Mayeri, Chalicomys jaegeri (Kaup), Palaeomys castoroides Kaup, Trogontherium minutum minutum Franzet et Storch., T. minutum rhenanum Franzet et Storch. and Monosaulax cainarensis Lungu. In the Meotian (8.7-5.0 million years) only two species were recorded – Trogontherium minutum rhenanum Franzet et Storch. and Castor aff. praefiber Deperet. et Lungu.
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Orcutt, John D., Jonathan J. M. Calede, and Bill D. Richards. "FIRST OCCURENCE OF A MAMMAL FROM THE MID-MIOCENE CLARKIA FOSSIL BEDS." In Rocky Mountain Section - 69th Annual Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017rm-293212.

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Reports on the topic "Mammals, Fossil"

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Hodnett, John, Ralph Eshelman, Nicholas Gardner, and Vincent Santucci. Geology, Pleistocene paleontology, and research history of the Cumberland Bone Cave: Potomac Heritage National Scenic Trail. National Park Service, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2296839.

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The Cumberland Bone Cave is a public visitation stop along the Potomac Heritage National Scenic Trail renowned for its unique fossil resources that help reconstruct Appalachian middle Pleistocene life in the mid-Atlantic region of North America. This site is gated for safety and to prevent unwanted exploration and damage. Approximately 163 taxa of fossil plant and animals have been collected from Cumberland Bone Cave since 1912. Most of the fossils that have been published pertain to mammals, including many extinct or locally extirpated genera and species. Though the early excavations made by the Smithsonian Institution between 1912 and 1915 are the best known of the work at Cumberland Bone Cave, over many decades multiple institutions and paleontologists have collected and studied the fossil resources from this site up until 2012. Today, fossils from Cumberland Bone Cave are housed at various museum collections, including public displays at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington D.C. and the Allegany Museum in Cumberland, Maryland. This report summarizes the geology, fossil resources, and the history of excavation and research for Potomac Heritage Trail’s Cumberland Bone Cave.
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Salcido, Charles, Patrick Wilson, Justin Tweet, Blake McCan, Clint Boyd, and Vincent Santucci. Theodore Roosevelt National Park: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293509.

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Theodore Roosevelt National Park (THRO) in western North Dakota was established for its historical connections with President Theodore Roosevelt. It contains not only historical and cultural resources, but abundant natural resources as well. Among these is one of the best geological and paleontological records of the Paleocene Epoch (66 to 56 million years ago) of any park in the National Park System. The Paleocene Epoch is of great scientific interest due to the great mass extinction that occurred at its opening (the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event), and the unusual climatic event that began at the end of the epoch (the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, an anomalous global temperature spike). It is during the Paleocene that mammals began to diversify and move into the large-bodied niches vacated by dinosaurs. The rocks exposed at THRO preserve the latter part of the Paleocene, when mammals were proliferating and crocodiles were the largest predators. Western North Dakota was warmer and wetter with swampy forests; today these are preserved as the “petrified forests” that are one of THRO’s notable features. Despite abundant fossil resources, THRO has not historically been a scene of significant paleontological exploration. For example, the fossil forests have only had one published scientific description, and that report focused on the associated paleosols (“fossil soils”). The widespread petrified wood of the area has been known since at least the 19th century and was considered significant enough to be a tourist draw in the decades leading up to the establishment of THRO in 1947. Paleontologists occasionally collected and described fossil specimens from the park over the next few decades, but the true extent of paleontological resources was not realized until a joint North Dakota Geological Survey–NPS investigation under John Hoganson and Johnathan Campbell between 1994–1996. This survey uncovered 400 paleontological localities within the park representing a variety of plant, invertebrate, vertebrate, and trace fossils. Limited investigation and occasional collection of noteworthy specimens took place over the next two decades. In 2020, a new two-year initiative to further document the park’s paleontological resources began. This inventory, which was the basis for this report, identified another 158 fossil localities, some yielding taxa not recorded by the previous survey. Additional specimens were collected from the surface, among them a partial skeleton of a choristodere (an extinct aquatic reptile), dental material of two mammal taxa not previously recorded at THRO, and the first bird track found at the park. The inventory also provided an assessment of an area scheduled for ground-disturbing maintenance. This inventory is intended to inform future paleontological resource research, management, protection, and interpretation at THRO. THRO’s bedrock geology is dominated by two Paleocene rock formations: the Bullion Creek Formation and the overlying Sentinel Butte Formation of the Fort Union Group. Weathering of these formations has produced the distinctive banded badlands seen in THRO today. These two formations were deposited under very different conditions than the current conditions of western North Dakota. In the Paleocene, the region was warm and wet, with a landscape dominated by swamps, lakes, and rivers. Great forests now represented by petrified wood grew throughout the area. Freshwater mollusks, fish, amphibians (including giant salamanders), turtles, choristoderes, and crocodilians abounded in the ancient wetlands, while a variety of mammals representing either extinct lineages or the early forebearers of modern groups inhabited the land. There is little representation of the next 56 million years at THRO. The only evidence we have of events in the park for most of these millions of years is isolated Neogene lag deposits and terrace gravel. Quaternary surficial deposits have yielded a few fossils...
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Tran, Tut, Alexandra Bonham, Justin Tweet, and Vincent Santucci. Bryce Canyon National Park: Paleontological resource inventory. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302804.

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Originally designated as a national monument in 1923, Bryce Canyon National Park (BRCA) is recognized for its exceptional pink-orange hoodoo landscapes. Its iconic hoodoos, consisting of the Paleocene?Eocene Claron Formation, are only part of the geology of BRCA, which includes a nearly uninterrupted sequence of Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway evolution and diverse depositional environments from approximately 100 to 77 million years ago. This sequence consists of the coastal Naturita Formation, the marine Tropic Shale, the transitional Straight Cliffs Formation, and the terrestrial Wahweap Formation. These strata, and the Claron Formation, preserve diverse paleontological resources. Fossils at BRCA have received little visibility for most of the park?s history, despite relatively rapid advances in the study of Late Cretaceous and Paleogene paleontology in neighboring public lands, especially Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM) to the east. The best documentation of paleontological resources at BRCA was produced through concerted field inventory of the park conducted by Dr. Jeff Eaton and several cohorts of interns and students from 1988 to 2015. In that time, Eaton?s team documented nearly 200 paleontological localities within the park that yielded clams, snails, fish, frogs, turtles, lizards, snakes, crocodilians, dinosaurs, and mammals from the Straight Cliffs and Wahweap Formations and invertebrates, plants, and trace fossils in the Claron Formation. Eaton?s survey resulted in several publications, including the description of new microvertebrate species from the Straight Cliffs and Wahweap Formations. Despite this body of work, the park did not develop an internal paleontological resources management program. A new paleontological resources program at BRCA was advanced in response to construction activities that impacted several fossil localities in the Wahweap Formation. Newly hired paleontological staff conducted two seasons of field inventory (2022?2023), relocating as many of Eaton?s sites as possible and recording new fossil occurrences along the way. In this timeframe, BRCA paleontologists encountered more than 150 localities. They also conducted detailed literature review, examined the park?s paleontological collections data, and cultivated partnerships with outside researchers to better comprehend the current state and future potential of the park?s paleontological resources. This document synthesizes the total current body of knowledge on paleontological resources at BRCA to create a comprehensive paleontological inventory report. It combines historical data from the scientific literature, previous work conducted in the park, and recent fieldwork to cover BRCA?s geologic history and fossil diversity and the history of paleontological study, education, and resources management in the park.
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Tran, Tut, Alexandra Bonham, Justin Tweet, and Vincent Santucci. Bryce Canyon National Park: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2303710.

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Originally designated as a national monument in 1923, Bryce Canyon National Park (BRCA) is recognized for its exceptional pink-orange hoodoo landscapes. Its iconic hoodoos, consisting of the Paleocene?Eocene Claron Formation, are only part of the geology of BRCA, which includes a nearly uninterrupted sequence of Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway evolution and diverse depositional environments from approximately 100 to 77 million years ago. This sequence consists of the coastal Naturita Formation, the marine Tropic Shale, the transitional Straight Cliffs Formation, and the terrestrial Wahweap Formation. These strata, and the Claron Formation, preserve diverse paleontological resources. Fossils at BRCA have received little visibility for most of the park?s history, despite relatively rapid advances in the study of Late Cretaceous and Paleogene paleontology in neighboring public lands, especially Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM) to the east. The best documentation of paleontological resources at BRCA was produced through concerted field inventory of the park conducted by Dr. Jeff Eaton and several cohorts of interns and students from 1988 to 2015. In that time, Eaton?s team documented nearly 200 paleontological localities within the park that yielded clams, snails, fish, frogs, turtles, lizards, snakes, crocodilians, dinosaurs, and mammals from the Straight Cliffs and Wahweap Formations and invertebrates, plants, and trace fossils in the Claron Formation. Eaton?s survey resulted in several publications, including the description of new microvertebrate species from the Straight Cliffs and Wahweap Formations. Despite this body of work, the park did not develop an internal paleontological resources management program. A new paleontological resources program at BRCA was advanced in response to construction activities that impacted several fossil localities in the Wahweap Formation. Newly hired paleontological staff conducted two seasons of field inventory (2022?2023), relocating as many of Eaton?s sites as possible and recording new fossil occurrences along the way. In this timeframe, BRCA paleontologists encountered more than 150 localities. They also conducted detailed literature review, examined the park?s paleontological collections data, and cultivated partnerships with outside researchers to better comprehend the current state and future potential of the park?s paleontological resources. This document synthesizes the total current body of knowledge on paleontological resources at BRCA to create a comprehensive paleontological inventory report. It combines historical data from the scientific literature, previous work conducted in the park, and recent fieldwork to cover BRCA?s geologic history and fossil diversity and the history of paleontological study, education, and resources management in the park.
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Tweet, Justin S., Vincent L. Santucci, Kenneth Convery, Jonathan Hoffman, and Laura Kirn. Channel Islands National Park: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2278664.

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Channel Island National Park (CHIS), incorporating five islands off the coast of southern California (Anacapa Island, San Miguel Island, Santa Barbara Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Santa Rosa Island), has an outstanding paleontological record. The park has significant fossils dating from the Late Cretaceous to the Holocene, representing organisms of the sea, the land, and the air. Highlights include: the famous pygmy mammoths that inhabited the conjoined northern islands during the late Pleistocene; the best fossil avifauna of any National Park Service (NPS) unit; intertwined paleontological and cultural records extending into the latest Pleistocene, including Arlington Man, the oldest well-dated human known from North America; calichified “fossil forests”; records of Miocene desmostylians and sirenians, unusual sea mammals; abundant Pleistocene mollusks illustrating changes in sea level and ocean temperature; one of the most thoroughly studied records of microfossils in the NPS; and type specimens for 23 fossil taxa. Paleontological research on the islands of CHIS began in the second half of the 19th century. The first discovery of a mammoth specimen was reported in 1873. Research can be divided into four periods: 1) the few early reports from the 19th century; 2) a sustained burst of activity in the 1920s and 1930s; 3) a second burst from the 1950s into the 1970s; and 4) the modern period of activity, symbolically opened with the 1994 discovery of a nearly complete pygmy mammoth skeleton on Santa Rosa Island. The work associated with this paleontological resource inventory may be considered the beginning of a fifth period. Fossils were specifically mentioned in the 1938 proclamation establishing what was then Channel Islands National Monument, making CHIS one of 18 NPS areas for which paleontological resources are referenced in the enabling legislation. Each of the five islands of CHIS has distinct paleontological and geological records, each has some kind of fossil resources, and almost all of the sedimentary formations on the islands are fossiliferous within CHIS. Anacapa Island and Santa Barbara Island, the two smallest islands, are primarily composed of Miocene volcanic rocks interfingered with small quantities of sedimentary rock and covered with a veneer of Quaternary sediments. Santa Barbara stands apart from Anacapa because it was never part of Santarosae, the landmass that existed at times in the Pleistocene when sea level was low enough that the four northern islands were connected. San Miguel Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Santa Rosa Island have more complex geologic histories. Of these three islands, San Miguel Island has relatively simple geologic structure and few formations. Santa Cruz Island has the most varied geology of the islands, as well as the longest rock record exposed at the surface, beginning with Jurassic metamorphic and intrusive igneous rocks. The Channel Islands have been uplifted and faulted in a complex 20-million-year-long geologic episode tied to the collision of the North American and Pacific Places, the initiation of the San Andreas fault system, and the 90° clockwise rotation of the Transverse Ranges, of which the northern Channel Islands are the westernmost part. Widespread volcanic activity from about 19 to 14 million years ago is evidenced by the igneous rocks found on each island.
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Florida's Fossil Mammals. Florida Geological Survey, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.35256/p03.

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