Contents
Academic literature on the topic 'Mammifères herbivores'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Mammifères herbivores.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Mammifères herbivores"
MICHELLAND, R., S. COMBES, V. MONTEILS, C. BAYOURTHE, L. CAUQUIL, F. ENJALBERT, C. JULIEN, et al. "Analyse comparée des écosystèmes digestifs du rumen de la vache et du caecum du lapin." INRAE Productions Animales 25, no. 5 (December 10, 2012): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2012.25.5.3227.
Full textCHEMINEAU, P., B. MALPAUX, J. P. BRILLARD, and A. FOSTIER. "Saisonnalité de la reproduction et de la production chez les poissons, oiseaux et mammifères d’élevage." INRAE Productions Animales 22, no. 2 (February 15, 2009): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2009.22.2.3336.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Mammifères herbivores"
Cavalcante, Santos Cyntia. "Terrestrial herbivorous mammals in a mosaic of Cerrado, Atlantic Forest, and land-use changes." Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0057.
Full textThe Cerrado and Atlantic forest biodiversity hotspots have been experiencing rapid land-use changes in the last five decades resulting in habitat fragmentation, invasion of exotic species and biodiversity loss. Herbivore mammals are a key community to investigate the impacts of land-use changes on biodiversity, because they are directly influenced by the landscape structure. In a first step, we reviewed articles published between 2002 and 2018 about terrestrial mammals in contexts of land-use change in the Brazilian Cerrado. We found that negative responses of mammals to land-use changes were mainly associated with agriculture, livestock, roads and urban areas. Moreover, we identified big knowledge gaps, for example in the coverage of research areas or species. Secondly, we collected data on the community of herbivore mammals across gradients of land-use changes in the Bodoquena Plateau in Brazil between February 2016 and December 2017. We analyzed how and on which scale three landscape metrics (percentage of forest cover, patch density and edge density) affect the occurrence of four herbivore species (Dasyprocta azarae, Pecari tajacu, Mazama gouazoubira and Tapirus terrestris). We found differences in the scales at which the species responded to different landscape metrics. Finally, we modeled the occupancy of 23 herbivore mammals in the landscape of the Bodoquena Plateau. The pattern of occupancy as a function of forest cover percentage showed idiosyncratic responses per species to land-use changes. Therefore, we recommend different and complementary strategies including habitat restoration for conservation and management of herbivore mammals in the Bodoquena Plateau
Wigley, Benjamin Joseph. "Savanna woody plant community and trait responses to bottom-up and top-down controls, with a specific focus on the role of mammalian herbivory." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10133/document.
Full textSavannas are complex ecosystems affected by several bottom-up (e.g. soil nutrient availability and rainfall) and top-down (e.g. fire and herbivory) drivers. However, the relative importance of bottom-up vs. top-down drivers in influencing savanna dynamics is still widely debated. Within the top-down (disturbance) category of drivers, the role of mammal browsers in particular in driving savanna functioning is still not well understood. Two approaches were adopted to determine the role of disturbance in savannas. Firstly, by using a comparative approach, I attempted to address the so-called ‘savanna problem’ by investigating how savanna woody plant community compositions and key plant traits relating to the leaves, stems, architecture, and defence are influenced by soil nutrient status, rainfall, fire and browsing. Sixteen sites were selected along gradients of these four drivers from savanna parks throughout South Africa and Zimbabwe. The dominant woody species (species that accounted for >80% of standing biomass) at each site were identified and sampled for the key leaf and stem traits relating to plant functioning, palatability, architecture, physical and chemical defences. Measurements were undertaken for each species in order to determine both meso-browser and mega browser impact. Transects were undertaken in order to determine the relative abundance and the effects of fire on each species at each site. Due to the current lack of standardized soil sampling protocols in the ecological literature, and uncertainty around the definition of what denotes a fertile or infertile soil, I propose a number of standardized protocols and sampled according to these established protocols in order to accurately determine the soil nutrient status at each site. Following this, the relationships between climatic variables and soil nutrients with both species means and community weighted means for eight key leaf traits were explored. Although some significant relationships were found between savanna leaf traits of woody plants, climate, soil nutrients and their interactions, these tended to be weaker than those found in meta-analyses. These broad-scale studies usually include sites from many biome types, many of which are from temperate regions where inherent levels of disturbance are typically much lower than in African savannas. The high levels of disturbance typically found in African savannas are thought to partially account for the high within site variability found in leaf traits and the weak relationships found between leaf traits, soil nutrients and rainfall. To assess the importance of resources vs. disturbance in savannas functioning, the effects of soil nutrients, rainfall, fire and both meso-browser and mega-browser impact on twenty savanna woody plant traits relating to plant palatability, chemical and structural defences were explored. Structural defences were found to be more strongly correlated with soil characteristics than chemical defences, while browser impact was found to be strongly correlated with structural defences but not with chemical defences. Actual browser utilisation tended to be more predictable for meso-browsers than mega-browsers. Secondly using an experimental approach, two sets of herbivore exclosures were utilized to directly test how mammal browsers influenced woody species distributions, abundance, population structure and plant traits relating to palatability and defence. The effects of three longterm herbivore exclosures in the Kruger National Park on savanna woody plant community compositions, population demographics and densities were determined. Browsers were found to have significant impacts on species distributions, densities and population structures by actively selecting for species with favourable traits, particularly higher leaf N. An interaction between browsers and fire which limited the recruitment of seedlings and saplings into larger size classes was also demonstrated… [etc]
Michelland, Rory. "Caractérisation moléculaire des procaryotes et facteurs de variation des écosystèmes digestifs chez deux mammifères herbivores : approche comparée vache/lapin." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT006A/document.
Full textThe aim of this work was to characterize the specific (Bos taurus vs Oryctolagus cuniculus), individual, spatial (inter- and intra- digestive fermentors) and temporal (in undisturbed or disturbed conditions) variability of the digestive ecosystems (prokaryotic communities and biotope) in herbivorous mammals by comparing two animal models, cow and rabbit, and by using molecular methods (CE-SSCP and qPCR). Concerning methodology, we developed the StatFingerprints program to improve processing and statistical analysis of CE-SSCP profiles and better extract ecological information they contained about structure and diversity of communities. We also developed more specific (Firmicutes and Bacteroides Prevotella) primers than those available. From a cognitive point of view, our work demonstrated a strong effect of host species on ecosystem: communities presented a higher richness (+8 %, +12 % for bacteria and Archaea, respectively), a greater diversity (+19 % for bacteria) but are less abundant (-4.9 % bacteria) in cow rumen than in rabbit caecum. The rumen biotope is less acid (+0.6 pH unit), more reductive (-30 mV), and contains a lower concentration of fatty acids (-19%) and a higher concentration of NH3-N (+39%) than caecal biotope. Taken together, these results suggested a determining role of the digestive physiology of the host and of coevolution phenomena between the host and its microbiota. Our results did not permit to evidence an individual effect on the procaryotic communities suggesting that the genetic similarity between animals we used and/or the strong standardization of breeding conditions (housing, food etc) tended to reduce the influence of the individuals on their prokaryotic communities. We showed that the procaryotic communities evolved along the digestive tract in relation to the physiology and the environmental conditions of the various compartments in which they live. In addition, in the rumen, we evidenced a variability of the bacterial community related to the fraction considered, liquid or solid. Our data suggested that, both in basal and disturbed situations, the bacterial communities of the two host species did not evolve in the same way in time. Indeed, in the rumen of the cow and basal condition, the bacterial community fluctuated sporadically suggesting a dynamic balance whereas it remains in a stable state in the caecum of the rabbit. The two communities reacted quickly (< 2 days) and adapted quickly to an increased ratio starch/fibres to reach a new balance, dynamic in the rumen and stable in the caecum. On the other hand, our work did not highlight important correlations between the bacterial communities and the parameters of their environments. From a finalized point of view, these data confirmed that the nutrition is a relevant way to try to reorientate the functioning of digestive ecosystems in these two species, toward a better digestive health and/or efficiency
Roche, Damien. "Apport de l'étude isotopique de l'émail dentaire des grands mammifères herbivores pour la reconstitution des environnements néogènes d'Afrique australe et orientale." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066279.
Full textDouhard, Mathieu. "Early-life events and their consequences for adult performance in populations of large herbivores : evolutionary, ecological and demographic perspectives." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10204/document.
Full textThe environment to which individuals are permanently exposed varies greatly over time. The environmental conditions during early life are particularly important in this context because they can have extraordinary long-term consequences on individual performance. The main goal of this PhD thesis was to improve our understanding of the long-term effects of early-life events, including environmental conditions and growth, on life-history traits of large herbivores. In order to meet this objective, we used detailed long-term data from five populations of four species of ungulates. We highlighted that environmental conditions experienced during early life can influence the entire body growth trajectory of an individual. Then, we investigated whether the long-term effects of early environmental conditions on life-history traits represent adaptive responses to differing environments, or are only a consequence of energetic constraints on development. We aimed to address this issue by testing hypotheses issued from human medicine in wild populations
Jacques, Lucile. "Les préférences écologiques (paléorégimes alimentaires, paléohabitats) des grands mammifères herbivores des sites à Hominidés du miocène supérieur du Nord Tchad : reconstitution au moyen de l'analyse isotopique en carbone et oxygène du carbonate de l'émail dentaire." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2260.
Full textVourc'h, Gwenaël. "Interactions entre plantes longévives et grands mammifères : défense chimique du thuya géant et herbivorie par le cerf-à-queue-noire en Colombie Britannique (Canada)." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20189.
Full textMichelland, Rory J. "Caractérisation moléculaire des procaryotes et facteurs de variation des écosystèmes digestifs chez deux mammifères herbivores : approche comparée vache/lapin." Phd thesis, 2009. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7141/1/michelland.pdf.
Full text