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Academic literature on the topic 'Mammifères marins – Beaufort, Mer de'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mammifères marins – Beaufort, Mer de"
Harington, C. R., and Serge Occhietti. "Inventaire systématique et paléoécologie des mammifères marins de la Mer de Champlain (fin du Wisconsinien) et de ses voies d’accès." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 42, no. 1 (2007): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032708ar.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Mammifères marins – Beaufort, Mer de"
Geoffroy, Maxime. "Signature bioacoustique, distribution et abondance des poissons pélagiques et des mammifères marins en mer de Beaufort (Arctique canadien) : une réponse à l’énigme de la morue arctique manquante." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26568.
Full textLa mer de Beaufort canadienne subit la double pression des changements climatiques et de l’accroissement des activités industrielles. Malgré l’importance de l’écosystème marin de la région pour les communautés locales, certaines de ses composantes demeurent peu documentées, en particulier la distribution et l’abondance des poissons pélagiques et des mammifères marins. Cette thèse repose sur des bases de données hydroacoustiques, de filets et de chaluts recueillies de 2006 à 2014 afin d’améliorer nos connaissances de la signature bioacoustique des poissons pélagiques et des mammifères marins de la mer de Beaufort et, ultimement, d’estimer plus précisément leur distribution et leur abondance. Pour ce faire, je documente : (1) la distribution verticale et les migrations ontogéniques des poissons pélagiques sur un cycle annuel complet; (2) la distribution spatiale et le recrutement des poissons pélagiques en fonction de la date de la débâcle et des températures de surface; et (3) l’indice de réflexion acoustique et la forme des échos des principaux mammifères marins. La morue arctique (Boreogadus saida) formait 95% de l’assemblage des poissons pélagiques et les individus de plus d’un an demeuraient au-dessus du talus, dans l’halocline pacifique et la couche atlantique (> 100 m), tout au long de l’année. Au contraire, les jeunes de l’année colonisaient la couche épipélagique (< 100 m) de leur éclosion au printemps jusqu’à leur descente en profondeur à l’automne. L’abondance et la biomasse de morues arctiques mesurées acoustiquement atteignaient des valeurs significativement plus élevées au sud de la mer de Beaufort et dans le golfe d’Amundsen qu’au nord. Le taux de croissance larvaire et le recrutement augmentaient les années où la débâcle survenait plus tôt et où les températures de surface vernales étaient plus élevées. Le stock pélagique de morues arctiques suffisait généralement à soutenir les besoins énergétiques des principales espèces de mammifères marins. Cependant, ceux-ci doivent probablement plonger plus profondément les années où le stock diminue afin d’attraper les morues arctiques de plus grandes tailles (> 10 cm) demeurant près du fond. La signature acoustique des baleines et des phoques documentée dans cette thèse pourrait être utilisée afin de compléter les levés visuels à l’aide de sonars et d’échosondeurs scientifiques. La présence de faux positifs limite cependant l’utilisation de ces instruments sous leur forme actuelle et des recommandations sont fournies afin d’améliorer les techniques de détection de mammifères marins à l’aide de l’hydroacoustique.
The Canadian Beaufort Sea faces the double pressure of climate change and increasing industrial activities. Despite the importance of the marine ecosystem of the region for local communities, some of its components remain poorly documented, in particular the distribution and abundance of pelagic fish and marine mammals. This thesis is based on hydroacoustic, net, and trawl datasets collected from 2006 to 2014 and documents the acoustic signature of pelagic fish and marine mammals to, ultimately, estimate their abundance and distribution more accurately. I study and discuss: (1) the vertical distribution and ontogenic migrations of pelagic fish over the annual cycle; (2) the spatial distribution and recruitment of pelagic fish in relation with the date of the ice breakup and sea-surface temperatures; and (3) Target Strengths and echotraces of the main marine mammal species. Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) formed 95% of the pelagic fish assemblage and age-1+ individuals remained over the slope, in the Pacific Halocline and the Atlantic Layer (> 100 m), throughout the year. In contrast, age-0 arctic cod colonized the epipelagic layer (< 100 m) from hatching in spring until their descent to depth during fall. The abundance and biomass of arctic cod measured acoustically was significantly higher in southern Beaufort Sea and the Amundsen Gulf than in northern areas. Larval growth and recruitment increased during years with an early ice breakup and warmer sea-surface temperatures in spring. The stock of pelagic arctic cod was generally high enough to support the energetic requirements of the main marine mammal species. However, they likely had to dive deeper to feed on large (> 10 cm) bottom-dwelling arctic cod when the pelagic stock diminished. The acoustic signature of whales and seals documented here could be used to complement visual surveys with scientific sonars and echosounders. The occurrence of false positives, however, limits the use of these instruments under their current form and recommendations are provided to improve the efficiency of active acoustic monitoring at detecting marine mammals.
Potvin, Marianne. "Comparaison des communautés de picoeucaryotes marins arctiques par des méthodes moléculaires et biais se rattachant à ces techniques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25370/25370.pdf.
Full textDragon, Anne-Cécile. "Modélisation des stratégies d'approvisionnement des éléphants de mer austraux : influence de la variabilité de la production primaire et des conditions océanographiques physiques." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066276.
Full textCastège, Iker. "Evolution des populations d’oiseaux et de mammifères marins dans le Golfe de Gascogne en relation avec les changements environnementaux." Pau, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PAUU3025.
Full textThis Thesis report deals mainly with data processing of a long term data set (1976-2009) gathered from a long term survey of seabirds and sea mammals in the Bay of Biscay (France; East Atlantic). In this report we highlight some aspects of the spatio-temporal dynamics of those populations, and thus of the marine ecosystems in which they live. We emphasize the role of two major environmental forces. First of all, we investigated the direct influence of human-borne pollutions and accidental by-catches : recent oilspills (namely from the “Erika” and then the “Prestige” ships) had various and complex effects on seabird populations, but none on cetacean populations, given that stranding patterns were more likely linked by abundance and distribution of living animals at sea than by-catches or accidental oispills. Secondly, we adressed the influence of oceano-climatic variations on abundance of those top-predator populations. Overall results have important implications in species and ecosystem management (e. G. Marine Protected Areas design) as well as fundamental ecology (e. G. Ecosystem oceanography paradigm)
Certain, Grégoire. "Distribution, abondance et stratégies de recherche alimentaires chez les prédateurs supérieurs du golfe de Gascogne : une approche spatialisée." La Rochelle, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LAROS204.
Full textThis work proposes a new insight on an animals community which is poorly know and focus on the community of marine predator (seabirds and marine mammals) in the bay of Biscay. On the basis of airplane and ship-based transect surveys, and by using spatial analysis, the distribution and the abundance of the marine predator in the French Atlantic continental shelf is characterized for the first time. The distribution and the abundance of the marine predator offer new management information’s in the context of putting up marine protected area. After a thorough study on bias associated with pelagic aerial strip transects survey, this works round on three principal thematic: spatial distribution and temporal variability, abundance and prey consummation and lastly on foraging strategy. In a fundamental point of view, an innovative approach to quantify spatio-temporal variability of seabird’s distribution is proposed. This approach allows revealing areas with low temporal variability (i. E. Stable area) and areas with high temporal variability (i. E. Variable area) of seabird’s spatial distribution, and the spatial scales at which this variability is expressed. Large scale habitats of marine mammals have been modelled too, which revealed the important area of their spatial distribution. Our abundance estimates coupled to previous study on foraging diet lead us to conclude that consummation of prey by marine predators is in same order than fisheries activity in terms of biomass. Lastly, based on a foraging seabird species « the northern gannets » as a study model, fine scale spatial networks is revealed which is interpreted as an increase of information using from their congeners (i. E. Public information), this typical spatial organisation will increase the probability of finding preys in a highly variable, dynamic, and unpredictable marine environment. These results emphasize the importance of using statistical tools and concepts of spatial ecology to answer to fundamental and applied questions on structures, functioning and management of wildlife population
Wierucka, Kaja. "Multimodal mother-offspring recognition in the Australian sea lion, Neophoca cinerea." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS432.
Full textRecognition plays an important role in animal communication systems and individuals often employ different sensory modalities to enact this activity. Although recognition has been widely investigated, especially for mother-offspring interactions, there is a dearth of information about multimodal recognition and the relative importance and interactions of various sensory cues. In this thesis, I explored multimodal communication in a colonial mammal – the Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea). Communication during mother-pup reunions is known to be multimodal in this species, yet the underlying processes of olfactory and visual recognition, as well as the interactions between acoustic, visual and olfactory cues remain unclear. Through chemical analyses, I determined whether chemical profiles differ among sex and age classes, colonies, and body regions of animals. Chemical similarities between mothers and pups indicate that phenotype matching may be used by Australian sea lions for olfactory recognition. I examined the role of visual cues in mother-pup recognition and found that age-specific visual cues assist mothers to refine their search for their offspring in the colony. Pups are capable of distinguishing various visual cues that can be used in the assessment of conspecifics. Having provided baseline information about the role of sensory cues in isolation, I determined how acoustic, olfactory, and visual cues are used in a synergistic way to ensure accurate mutual recognition and then interpreted the results using a cost-benefit perspective to disentangle the evolutionary pressures on each component of this communication system. I showed that although cues have the ability to convey given information in isolation, their role may be different when other sensory cues are present. Furthermore, there is a mutual dependency in the communication system, where the limitations imposed on one participant of the dyad affect cue use by the other. These findings contribute to a better understanding of mammal mother-offspring recognition and communication mechanisms in vertebrates
Jeanneret-Grosjean, Cédric. "Représentation de trajectoires spatiotemporelles dans un système d’information géographique : le cas des activités d’observation de mammifères marins dans le Parc marin du Saguenay – Saint-Laurent." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4126.
Full textThe considerable volume of commercial boat trips associated with whale-watching activities (WWAs) in the Saguenay-Saint-Laurent National Marine Park (PMSSL) may have negative impacts on the health of the whales visiting the Saint-Lawrence River estuary. This situation has led park officials to seek an appropriate information management system in order to better monitor WWAs. This paper contributes to the design of such a tool by modeling excursion patterns of WWAs, resulting in a database. Based on the space-time path concept used for the study of activity-based travel behavior as well as the mobile-object geomatical concept, our data-model enables us to plot the trajectories of the excursions and the sequence of activities taking place during those excursions. The model is object-oriented and built into a Geodatabase (an ArcGis-processable relational database). The objects in the database are based on data collected by the Marine Mammal Research and Education Group (GREMM) during a three-year WWA monitoring program. Finally, this report demonstrates that geographic information systems can be effectively used to process the database in a way that serves the needs of park officials, and that the representation of excursion data in a GIS opens up new avenues for research on the space-time pattern of observation activities and the travel behavior of boats.
Parc marin du Saguenay - Saint-Laurent, Groupe de recherche et d'éducation sur les mammifères marins, GREMM, excursions aux baleines, bélugas, Tadoussac, règlementation, ArcCatalog, ArcMap.
Books on the topic "Mammifères marins – Beaufort, Mer de"
Sylvestre, Jean-Pierre. Les seigneurs de la mer: Mammifères marins du monde. Éditions de l'Homme, 2006.
Find full textSAVOURÉ-SOUBELET, Audrey, Stéphane AULAGNIER, Patrick HAFFNER, et al., eds. Atlas des mammifères sauvages de France, volume 1: Mammifères marins. Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cpn74.
Full textB, Spies Robert, ed. Long-term ecological change in the Northern Gulf of Alaska. Elsevier, 2007.
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