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Clupper, Wendy Ann. "The performance culture of burning man." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7405.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.<br>Thesis research directed by: Theatre. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Augustus, Brent C. "Man and myth studying the power myth and folklore has over man /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
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McCormack, Matthew Laing. "'The independent man' in English political culture, 1760-1832." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701871.
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Yeganegy, Roxanne. "The politics of participation : Burning Man and British festival culture." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6759/.
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Numerous industry reports and publications have acknowledged the dramatic transformation of the British music festival industry over the last two decades, with the emergence of what has been described as a new 'boutique' model in festival production. Using a selection of boutique events, this study reveals a nexus of British events culturally aligned with the 'No Spectators' ethos of Nevada's Burning Man. How far it is possible to claim that the politics of Burning Man has transformed participation at festivals in Britain, is a question central to this investigation. Documenting the emergence of a transatlantic politics of participation, this study explores the relationship between Nevada's Burning Man and British festival culture. Firstly, a theoretical chapter surveys literature from interdisciplinary fields, identifying concepts previously utilized in the interpretation of festival and carnival forms. This analysis exposes the differences in audience engagement implied by contrasting carnival types, which form key conceptual frameworks throughout the investigation. Following this preliminary, a discussion of the concert-model event reveals the impetus for 'No Spectators' and critiques uniform interpretations of festival audiences as 'active'. Through the discussion of its milieu, production values and interpretive discourses, an examination of Burning Man exposes a fusion ofparticipative precept and praxis. Retaining a set of indicators for extreme participation, a detailed case study investigation of Cambridgeshire's Secret Garden Party exemplifies an attempt at achieving a similar synthesis. The idealizing discourse of Secret Garden Party is presented as a form of positioning that, despite producing a broader posture of authenticity that rejects commoditization and sponsorship, is subordinated by commercial necessity. Underlining Britain's inevitable de-radicalization of 'No Spectators', these findings are contextualized by a critical examination of the contemporary festival industry and boutique sector, concluding with an action-research-based analysis of the author's own festival, Raisetheroof. The assumption that the participative doctrine of Burning Man is active beyond the boundaries of its own official international network is confirmed by the investigation. The placement of this event as exclusively responsible for the reproduction of 'N 0 Spectators' outside of Secret Garden Party is, however, presented as problematic. This study concludes by recognizing a synergy of demographic, economic and cultural factors responsible both for the emergence of the boutique festival industry, and the idealization of participation discernable within it.
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Kluch, Yannick. "The Man Your Man Should Be Like: Masculinity and the Male Body in Old Spice's Smell Like a Man, Man and Smell is Power Campaigns." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1395662263.
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Guzman, Maria J. "Grace Jones in One Man Show: Music and Culture." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1187633537.
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Jansson, Susanne, and Ulrika Steinholtz. "SEB Way : -vill man vara Lean får man lida pin?" Thesis, University of Gävle, Ämnesavdelningen för företagsekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-6551.
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Daggett, Matthew. "The Ill Man: An Exploration of Chronic Illness Disclosure within Masculine Culture." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3567.
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Masculine culture is known for teaching men to be strong, independent, and in control; however, the presence of chronic illness creates challenges for men when attempting to uphold a dominant masculine identity and make disclosure decisions about sharing illness information. This study explores the intersection between illness related self-disclosure and masculine culture. Utilizing qualitative methods, it examines the challenges chronically ill men face when making decisions about self-disclosure. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five men (N=5) who have one or more chronic illnesses. Transcripts were analyzed and coded using grounded theory to identify emergent themes. The analysis revealed three primary themes and several secondary and tertiary themes. The three primary themes are: 1) participant expression of masculine culture; 2) communication challenges; and 3) disclosure strategies. Participants’ accounts of their experiences with living with chronic illness are positioned within literature on chronic illnesses, self-disclosure, and masculine culture.
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Wagner, Grant A. "Man With a Chain Saw: Post-Truth Architecture." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1593171474518357.
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Brask, Jessica, and Frida Hedberg. "Recensera mig du kåta man." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för teknik och estetik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-12361.
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Vi har i detta kandidatarbete gjort en deltagande observation på en hemsida där sexuella tjänster annonseras ut. På hemsidan finns det ett forum där sexköpare och sexsäljare diskuterar sina tankar om sex och köp av sexuella tjänster. Ofta uttrycker sig sexköparna som om de vore offer i sexbranschen och inte kan hjälpa att de har en stark sexualdrift. De skyller på att det så länge det finns ett utbud av sexuella tjänster, kommer att finnas en efterfrågan på att köpa sexuella tjänster. Vi har också lagt märke till att det finns en acceptans hos sexköparna när det gäller när det gäller personer som skaffar sig en tillfällig sexuell förbindelse mot ersättning och att kåta okontrollerade män ofta håller varandra om ryggen.I motsats till sexköparna anser vi att så länge det finns en efterfrågan på köp av sexuella tjänster kommer också marknaden för sexuell trafficking att finnas. Detta eftersom många som är offer för sexuell trafficking annonseras ut som om att de säljs av fri vilja. Av den anledningen kommer vi i detta kandidatarbete problematisera kring kring sexuell trafficking som en konsekvens av sexköparens handlingar. Vi vill som medieproducenter, genom bilder, belysa sexköparens ansvar samtidigt som vi synliggör samhällsproblemet sexuell trafficking med hjälp av provokativ nätaktivism.<br>In this bachelor essay we´ve made an participant observation on a website where sexual services are for sale. This website contains a forum where sexbuyers and sexsellers discuss their thoughts about sex and purchase of sexual services. Sexbuyers often express themselves as victims because of their own extreme sexual cravings. They argue that as long as there is sexual services for sale, there is going to be a demand to buy them. We notice that there is an acceptance for sexbuyers to have an temporary sexual relation in exchange for money. We notice in our studies that these so called “intemperated horny men” tend to protect one another.We consider, in contrast to the sexbuyers, that as long as there is an existing “craving” for sexual services, the phenomenon of sexual trafficking will continue. Much because many victims of sexual trafficking are being sold as if it was by their own free will. Because of this, we will in this bachelor essay problematize sexual trafficking as a consequence of sexbuyers actions.We as mediaproducers would like to, through pictures, shed light on the consequences of sexual trafficking and at the same time emphasize this through provocative internet activism.
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Williams, Daniel Gwydion. "Culture, ethnicity and the Man of Letters in Britain and America 1865-1910." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621142.
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Lavin, Matthew Josef. "Collaborative momentum: the author and the middle man in U.S. literature and culture." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1352.
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In the frame introduction to Willa Cather's My Ántonia (1918), an unnamed author encounters her childhood friend Jim Burden on a cross-country train. Jim asks the author why she has never written anything about their mutual friend Ántonia. To answer Jim's criticism, she proposes they both write stories about Ántonia, but only Jim honors the agreement. The rest of the novel is put forth as Jim's manuscript "substantially" as he brought it to the author (xii). This scenario is but one of several ways My Ántonia evokes Cather's experience ghostwriting S.S. McClure's My Autobiography (1914) for, just as the authorial voice in My Ántonia dissolves into Jim's, Cather had to adopt McClure's perspective to write her former employer's life story. Going further, Cather worked closely with her book editor Ferris Greenslet and the production editor R.L. Scaife to be sure Houghton Mifflin would paginate the introduction with roman numerals and thereby produce the effect of a true authorial preface. The introduction recalls the preface of McClure's autobiography, which acknowledged Cather for "cooperation" that contributed to "the very existence" of his book.
Interpreting My Ántonia and My Autobiography as projects connected by authorial process, textual allusion, and even typesetting suggests the complicated and elusive nature of collaborative labor in the literary marketplace, as well as the extent to which modern literary texts responded to those complexities. Working on a task or project with a partner or in a group can frustrate, energize or empower those involved, but whatever feelings it inspires, interactive labor often has a life of its own. This is the idea of collaborative momentum. My dissertation examines relationships among authors, agents, editors, publishers, and unofficial "middle men" to argue that supportive and adversarial cycles of interactive labor in the modern American literary marketplace created the basic parameters of modern authorship. I show that as professional specialization becomes more rigid and institutionalized, the literary field paradoxically created new spaces for nebulous but crucial cooperative labor. In particular, the effect I call collaborative momentum facilitated the exchange of economic and symbolic capital. Additionally, I show that narratives of the modern period are inextricably invested in corporate and institutional labor systems that surround them and can be interpreted as rhetorical attempts to reform and improve those systems.
By analyzing the author's cultural identity in relation to rising institutional collaborators of the modern era, I contribute to the steadily growing field of authorship studies while adding to ongoing scholarly conversations about individual authors and texts. My chapters analyze the systemic production of literary identity, reciprocal relationships between editors and authors, the modern apparatus of literary debut, and the role bibliophilia and book collecting played in the production of The New Negro. I therefore highlight four paradigmatic examples of interactive labor while simultaneously emphasizing that collaborative momentum as I describe it was crucial not only to those with privilege but also to individuals and groups struggling against inequality, whether it was Salish novelist D'Arcy McNickle, Alain LeRoy Locke, or self-employed literary agent Flora May Holly. My work helps scholars see a power structure that granted disproportionate credibility to white men as literary creators and publishing industry insiders, yet it also shows a modern American literary culture shaped as much by the experience of marginalized individuals and groups negotiating a discriminatory publishing industry as it was by aesthetic contests between popular fiction and high modernism.
My first chapter, Character, Personality, and the Editor Figure: William Dean Howells and the Institution of Image-Building establishes that the same cultural logic that allowed Samuel Clemens to develop a public persona as a fictional character also empowered William Dean Howells to create his literary identity as the nation's foremost editor figure. Further, I argue that image-building was a collaborative affair; Howells and many others helped define Mark Twain, and countless authors and critics came to define Howells as the Dean of American Letters in the 1890s and as America's "pious old maid" after his death in 1920. I argue that Howells' persona-work extends to his novel A Hazard of New Fortunes (1890). The main characters--co-founders of a fictional literary magazine--have contrasting identities: one is ostentatious but lacks substance; the other is so unsure he hardly has an identity. Labor crises at the magazine and in the city streets gesture at the problematic nature of a personality-driven culture that had come to define selfhood without emphasizing a moral or ethical element.
In chapter two, "Reciprocity and the `Real' Author: Willa Cather as S.S. McClure's Ghostwriter," I trace a cycle of debt--monetary and symbolic--from McClure's rise as magazine editor to a moment of financial crisis in 1912 that led his corporate board to oust him from his own magazine. To pay off his debts, he asked Willa Cather to author his autobiography. I read the ghostwriting project as an example of how mutual debt is generative, for Cather accepted the role out of personal loyalty and took no money for her work. Cather's fictional works, including My Ántonia and The Professor's House (1925), engage with the cycle of debt and indebtedness and imagine a narrative exchange unclouded by any question of money but tied, instead, to a dream of self-sacrificing friendship. My article "It's Mr. Reynolds Who Wishes It: Profit and Prestige Shared by Cather and Her Literary Agent," in Cather Studies Volume 9, "Willa Cather and Modern Cultures," draws on material from this chapter.
My third chapter, "Discovery of the Month: D'Arcy McNickle and the Apparatus of Literary Debut" takes up as its interpretive focus changing institutions of literary career-launching. My approach brings together two scholarly conversations, one preoccupied with McNickle's refinement of his perception of Native cultures and the other, informed by a history of the book methodology, concerned with the cultural systems that codified twentieth-century authorial identity and credibility. McNickle is an important example of how institutions of discovery functioned. The exceptional aspects of McNickle's story--the nine-year duration of his effort to publish his first book, his outsider identity, and the number of avenues he tried in order to become established make him an ideal example. To better understand McNickle's relationship with literary agent Ruth Rae, I frame my analysis with the story of the literary agent's rise as an integral figure in literary debut. Turning to McNickle's fiction in the second part of this chapter, I analyze his The Surrounded as a reaction to cultural institutions of literary discovery. McNickle narrates the tragedy of failed mediation and gestures at an alternative model of interaction. He embeds this thematic exploration in his allusions to the Salish oral tradition, so that the text itself mediates an experience of cultural discovery.
Chapter four, "Irrepressible Anthologies, Collectible: Bibliophilia and Book Collecting in the New Negro," continues my analysis of the literary middle man's collision with American modernity by tracing the intersection of anthology, book collecting, and bibliophilia as they pertain to The New Negro's book design, artistic form, and multi-generic content. While recent studies have linked the anthology to Boazian ethnography and modernist collage, I provide a more immediate reading of the philosophies of collecting inherent to modern and African American print cultures. I read The New Negro as a book production process structured by efforts to produce an object worthy of being collected. My also analyzes of how the anthology's book design interacts with the positions on materiality and collecting at play in its collected prose and poetry. This case study of the creator-intermediary as collector historicizes modern book collecting and appreciates African American bibliophiles as an alternative to the dominant white American and European book collecting traditions. Appreciating these distinctions suggests, ultimately, that a significant aspect of the exchange of economic and symbolic capital in the modern age was to mediate a contested present day by refashioning ideas about the past.
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Dalgalarrondo, Paulo 1960. "Natureza e cultura na definição e delimitação do humano : debates e disputas entre antropologia e biologia." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280735.
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Orientador: Mauro William Barbosa de Almeida<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T10:26:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Dalgalarrondo_Paulo_D.pdf: 5562727 bytes, checksum: 73f2a2a0e16054969b355bde1dfed8a8 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2013<br>Resumo: Este trabalho visa identificar e analisar as noções de humano presentes no debate acadêmico, com foco especial sobre as disciplinas antropologia social e cultural e biologia humana. Neste sentido, investiga-se em que medida noções como humano, singularidade e especificidade humana, humanidade/animalidade e pré-humano/humano-pleno têm sido formuladas e disputadas nestes dois grandes campos, antropologia e biologia. Para tanto, são explorados inicialmente alguns cenários de referência, como as noções de natureza, cultura e evolução, e posteriormente abordados o desenvolvimento conceitual específico da noção de homem na biologia e antropologia, assim como temas relacionados à origem do homem, diversidade humana, animalidade e humanidade e linguagem. O material de pesquisa é coletado a partir de textos de relevância histórica, assim como obras e artigos publicados nas últimas décadas em alguns dos principais periódicos de antropologia e biologia, de ciência em geral, assim como em livros de autores significativos dessas áreas. Com o material obtido é realizada análise conceitual, tendo-se em conta tanto a história das ideias e tradição disciplinar, como os debates e controvérsias contemporâneas sobre tais noções presentes no discurso acadêmico, sobretudo na antropologia e na biologia<br>Abstract: In order to identify and to analyze the concept of human in the present academic debate, focusing in social anthropology and human biology, it was investigated some formulations and disputes on notions as human, human uniqueness and specificity, humanity/animality, prehuman/full human. For this purposes, at first some intellectual background scenarios were explored; such as the concept of nature, culture and evolution. Then, the concept of man was examined historically and in the present in the fields of biology and anthropology. Approaching issues such as origin of mankind, human diversity, and language. Conceptual data for this research was collected from historically relevant works, and from books and papers published in the last decades, in biological and anthropological journals, as well as in general scientific journals. Using this material a conceptual analysis was done, considering the history of ideas and disciplinar tradition, appraching the contemporary debates and disputes in the academic debate, especially in the fields of anthropology and biology<br>Doutorado<br>Antropologia Social<br>Doutor em Antropologia Social
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Moore, Kristen H. "The Grim Reaper, Working Stiff: The Man, the Myth, the Everyday." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1151353213.
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Goncalves, Candido Goncalo Rocha. "Civilizing the police(man): police reform, culture and practice in Lisbon, c.1860-1910." Thesis, Open University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.582763.
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This thesis examines the development of a modern urban police force - professional and civil - and its role in the everyday life of the Portuguese capital city, between the start of the city's modern growth in the 1860s and the Republican Revolution of October 1910. It begins by examining the political process of institutional reform during the early 1860s, which led to the creation of Policia Civil de Lisboa in 1867. Using the daily orders of Policia Civil as the anchor source, the thesis concentrates attention on the processes of organizational shaping that marked the development of this police force. The social and cultural diversity within this police force is examined by considering both the rank-file and also the police leadership and the professional specialization that began emerging in the end of the century. But the main focus of this work is on the beat policeman. The thesis examines the organizational strategies devised to 'fabricate' a civilised policeman, as well as their daily enforcement. The evolution of the police's manpower and its deployment throughout the city's territory, together with the arrangement of the working routines, demonstrate that the police increasingly became a central actor in the mediation of social relations in the city. On the part of the population, the growing expectation of the police's availability to intervene was another key factor in the general evolution of the 'idea of police' during this period. Finally, this thesis argues that, while the population became used to 'calling the police', popular criticisms of police actions were also central in the shaping of policing practice.
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Bone, John D. "The culture of the 'con man' : an ethnographic study of 'value' direct selling organisations." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU176421.
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This thesis is an ethnographic study conducted within two home improvement 'Value' Direct Selling organisations (VDSOs) in the UK. This industry and form of selling have been overlooked by sociologists thus far despite its potential as a rich sociological field of enquiry. Home improvement VDSOs are engaged in the selling of high priced durables, such as replacement windows, fitted kitchens and related products directly to customers in their own homes. A key characteristic of the industry is its reliance on pro-active persuasion, impression management and emotional labour on the part of its operatives, as a means of finding new customers and selling its products. Deception and misrepresentation are integral to the industry's operations on a number of levels. This extends to the nature of the organisations themselves, where their public image belies their internal reality. As well as providing an account of the industry's interaction order, culture and organisational features, the site also provides a vehicle for the exploration of themes that are central to current sociological debates. The thesis sets out to provide fresh insights into some key sociological issues, such as trust, emotional labour, identity processes and the relationship between rationality and irrationality within contemporary organisational settings.
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Sandtner, Jake Steven. "The voices of surf-writing / Taj: A man above the reef." Thesis, Griffith University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/385905.
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The exegesis, ‘The voices of surf-writing’, examines: the relationship between reader and writer in
the surf-writing genre; how this relationship is conveyed through voice; and, ultimately, how the
delivery methods of surf-journalism, surf-nonfiction and surf-fiction influence the social
perception of surf culture in the mass market. Acknowledging that surf-writing is mainly aimed at
surfers and those who ‘belong to surf’, the exegesis focusses on the ways surf is delivered in texts,
and examines whether the writing is authentic in its themes, tones and voice, while also calling for
innovation.
The exegesis accompanies a creative work, Taj: A man above the reef, which offers a unique
contribution to the future of surf-writing by presenting Taj Burrow’s retirement tale in a new
literary format and delivering knowledge earned through industry experience, culture exposure
and academic exploration. This piece of creative nonfiction utilises fragments, visuals and breakout
boxes to portray a variety of voices operating in the surf culture.
Surfing has existed for centuries, as histories of the Pacific recognise. The aim of this
submission is to represent surfing authentically, innovatively and with integrity in all aspects of
the surf-writing field, while also recommending change to the subgenres and culture of the surf writing industry.<br>Thesis (Masters)<br>Master of Arts Research (MARes)<br>School of Hum, Lang & Soc Sc<br>Arts, Education and Law<br>Full Text
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Lyle, Timothy Scott. ""Check with Yo' Man First; Check with Yo' Man": Perry Appropriates Drag as a Tool to Recirculate Patriarchal Ideology." Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia State University, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_theses/52/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2009.<br>Title from title page (Digital Archive@GSU, viewed June 8, 2010) Shirlene Holmes, Kameelah Martin Samuel, committee co-chairs; Chris Kocela, committee member. Includes bibliographical references(p. 85-87).
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Strimpel, Zoe. "The matchmaking industry and singles culture in Britain, 1970-2000." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/71609/.
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Schmalzer, Sigrid. "The people's Peking Man : popular paleoanthropology in twentieth-century China /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3137238.
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Fidler, Sean A. "Why Is America So Blue? A Performance Analysis of the Blue Man Group that Demonstrates the Deeper Cultural Significance within the Structure of its Performance." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/FidlerSA2002.pdf.
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McCallum, Claire Elizabeth. "The fate of the new man : reconstructing and representing masculinity in Soviet visual culture, 1945-1965." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543950.
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Rogers, Katherine Linn. "The Sounds of "Pac-Man Fever": Intersections of Video Game Culture and Popular Music in America." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1559848783170242.
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Pougher, Richard David. "The Confederate Enlisted Man in the Army of Northern Virginia: A Reevaluation of His Material Culture." W&M ScholarWorks, 1988. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625436.
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Rosell, Zarah, and Pontus Andersson. "Varför stannar man på en arbetsplats?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76212.
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There exists a huge amount of quantitative research about organizational commitment, the psychological contract and its relevance for retention. We do, however notice a lack of qualitative research when it comes to commitment, the psychological contract and how different factors cooperate to achieve retention. Because of this, we would like to highlight the expectations employees have as well as which factors that make them committed to their organization, using a qualitative method. Through 15 semi-structured interviews with managers at IKEA Kalmar, we tried to identify what matters most för their wish to stay. We made the decision based on the assumption that managers will provide better inputs for our purpose thanks to a better insight regards to longer employment. One interview was held with the HR manager to provide the study with the organization's perspective. This study shows that professional and personal development and the work with employer branding and culture develop commitment and are a part of the psychological contract and important for managers’ willingness to stay. We also noticed that employee development is a part of the organization's culture, and that the factors cooperate to increase retention. These factors are important to uphold, as this study shows that they can increase over time in relevance, and continually affects commitment. We have also seen that what most affects retention in this context is the emotional bond between employee and organization, affective commitment.<br>Det finns stora mängder forskning om organizational commitment, det psykologiska kontraktet och dess relevans för anställdas önskan att stanna i en organisation av kvantitativ karaktär. Dock återfinns det en avsaknad av kvalitativ forskning ifråga om vad det är som har betydelse för att man vill stanna i en organisation i ljuset av organizational commitment, det psykologiska kontraktet och hur olika faktorer samspelar till det. Därför ville vi med en kvalitativ studie belysa vilka förväntningar anställda har och vilka faktorer som gör anställda committed till deras organisation. Vi genomförde 15 semistrukturerade intervjuer på IKEA Kalmar där chefer fick beskriva deras upplevelser och tankar kring vad som hade betydelse för att de ville stanna. Vi valde att fokusera på grupp- och avdelningschefer då IKEA är känt för sin internrekrytering och då vi ansåg att dessa är väl insatta i organisationen och har en bra erfarenhet då de har arbetat där en längre tid. En utav intervjuerna gjordes med en HRchef för att få organisationens perspektiv på varför anställda stannar och hur de arbetar med att behålla dem. Studien visar att kompetens- och karriärutveckling och arbetet med employer branding och organisationskultur, utvecklar commitment och ses som en del av det psykologiska kontraktet och har betydelse för chefernas vilja att stanna. Vi har även sett att aspekter såsom utveckling som har betydelse, inkluderas i organisationskulturen. Resultatet visar på att kompetens- och karriärutveckling och employer branding samverkar till viljan att stanna. Studien visar också på att de betydelsefulla aspekterna är viktiga att upprätthålla då de ökar i betydelse över tid och att commitment utvecklas över tid. Vi har också sett att det som mest förklarar att man vill stanna är att man känner ett känslomässigt band, affective commitment, till organisationen.
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Testa, Denise A. "'A bastard Gaelic man' : reconsidering the highland roots of Adam Ferguson." Thesis, View thesis, 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/38582.
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This thesis attacks the neglected and unresolved historiographical problem connecting Adam Ferguson’s work, in particular, his Essay on the History of Civil Society, to his early life experience. During the 1960s and 1970s, the issue of Ferguson’s Highland background first came to the fore. A knowledge of Gaelic marked Ferguson out from his colleagues, denoting his status as a Highlander. Michael Kugler’s 1994 study examined how Ferguson and his contemporaries constructed an idealised representation of Highland society. My investigation takes a novel approach by concentrating on matters relating to the concrete reality of the locale, language and vestigial shame-honour culture. These were imbibed by Ferguson during his childhood and early adult life. During these phases, Ferguson became conversant in the Gaelic language which acted as a conduit for the mores, history and legends of Highland communities. The elements of the shame-honour culture, the neural pathways generated by Gaelic, and Highland orality, all left their mark on him. Evidence of these component influences can be identified in his Essay, correspondence and other works. An analysis of Ferguson’s correspondence confirms his native-like control of the Gaelic sound system, indicating fluency from a young age. Ferguson experienced a traditional, communal way of life in transition. During his lifetime, there was an increasing drive to modernise the rural parts of Scotland. His insider-knowledge of two cultures, together with his familiarity of two naturally acquired grammatical systems, provided him with some unique intuitive perceptions. Ferguson’s works and his success as a university lecturer testify to his assimilation and integration into mainstream Scotto-British eighteenth-century intellectual culture. Nevertheless, his writing bears some hallmarks of alternating cultural loyalties and the occasional affirmation of his first culture. This thesis provides a new dimension to the understanding of Ferguson’s early enculturation, by inviting fresh explication of important passages of his writing.
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Kent, Eddy. "The company man: colonial agents and the idea of the virtuous empire, 1786-1901." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/411.
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The Company Man argues that corporate ways of organising communities permeated British imperial culture. My point of departure is the obsession shared between Anglo-Indian writers and imperial policymakers with the threat of unmanageable agency, the employee who will not follow orders. By taking up Giambattista Vico's claim that human subjects and human institutions condition each other reciprocally, I argue that Anglo-Indian literature is properly understood as one of a series of disciplinary apparatuses which were developed in response to that persistent logistical problem: how best to convince plenipotentiary agents to work in the interest of a mercantile employer, the East India Company.
The Company Man reconsiders the way we think and write about Victorian imperial culture by taking this institutional approach. For one thing, the dominant position of the Company highlights the limitation of our continuing dependence on the nation as a critical hermeneutic. Additionally, I show how the prevalence of ideas like duty, service, and sacrifice in colonial literature is more than simply the natural output of a nation looking to sacralise everyday practice in the wake of their famous "Victorian loss of faith." Rather, I place these ideas among a structure of feeling, which I call aristocratic virtue, that was developed by imperial policymakers looking to militate against the threat of rogue agents.
The subject material under consideration includes novels, short stories, poems, essays, memoirs, personal correspondence, and parliamentary speeches. These texts span a century but are clustered around four nodal points, which illustrate moments of innovation in the technologies of regulation and control. My opening chapter examines how the idea of an overseas empire first acquired virtue in the minds of the British public. The second explores how the Company grafted this virtue onto its corporate structure in its training colleges and competition exams. The third shows how Anglo-Indian literature continued to disseminate the rhetoric of self-sacrifice and noble suffering long after the Company ceded control to the Crown. The final chapter shows how this corporate culture reflects in that most canonical of imperial novels, Rudyard Kipling's Kim (1901).
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Arboleya, Valdinei José. "O homem cordial e a formação do povo brasileiro: um estudo das obras Memórias de um Sargento de Milícias, O Homem que Sabia Javanês e Macunaíma." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2017. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3453.
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Previous issue date: 2017-02-10<br>This master thesis is based on the study of the relationship between literature and society and discusses the literature role in the representation of Brazil’s cultural identity. In this study, we understood that some literary works can evidence the influences of sociocultural factors in their plots; and it is from this perspective that will be analyzed the literary works Memórias de um Sargento de Milícias (1854), written by Manuel Antonio de Almeida, O homem que sabia Javanês (1911), by Lima Barreto, and Macunaíma, (1928), by Mário de Andrade. We understand that these works present Brazilian cultural traits configured as elements of cultural identity that literature symbolically recreates, particularly patrimonialism, friendly and rogueness. Based on studies and empirical knowledge about this relationship, some questions emerged as guiding factors for this investigation: How do the mentioned works present Brazilian cultural traits like cultural identity elements symbolically recreated by literature and how the concepts of friendly man and rogue can be associated with the protagonists of each of them, while as categories of analysis? What meanings of ‘Brazilianism’ evokes? How does the plot of such works consent us to indicate the ideas of patrimonialism and Brazilian way? To find answers to these questions, we define as general objective to analyze the marks of friendly, patrimonialism, rogueness and Brasilian way in the novel, the story and the rhapsody and study the protagonists of each one as friendly man’s literary examples. Moreover, this purpose allows us to study these analysis categories as citizen Brazilian cultural characteristics and of the own Brazil’s cultural formation. Thus, this research is guided by comparative literature, based on the literary sociocritical, which assumes that literature must be analyzed as a phenomenon belonging to the sociocultural context of its arise. Therefore, this is a basic and qualitative research that aims at an interpretative analysis based on the bibliographical review about the categories listed above, articulated by sociological critique studies intertwined with comparative literature. Because of this research process, we reached the conclusion that friendly, rogueness and patrimonialism had been preponderant cultural characteristics at the time works publication, and even considering the culture dynamic character, these brands preponderated until the contemporaneousness as Brazilian cultural and social aspects.<br>A dissertação ora apresentada se pauta no estudo da relação entre literatura e sociedade e do papel da literatura na representação da identidade cultural do Brasil. Parte-se do princípio de que algumas obras literárias são capazes de evidenciar em suas tramas as influências concretas dos fatores socioculturais e é sob essa perspectiva que se toma como foco analítico as obras literárias Memórias de um Sargento de Milícias (1854), de Manuel Antonio de Almeida, O homem que sabia Javanês (1911), de Lima Barreto, e Macunaíma, (1928), de Mário de Andrade. Entende-se que tais obras apresentam traços culturais brasileiros que operam como elementos de identidade cultural recriados simbolicamente na literatura, dentre os quais, destaca-se, o patrimonialismo, a cordialidade e a malandragem. A partir de estudos e do conhecimento empírico acerca dessa relação, alguns questionamentos despontaram como norteadores dessa investigação: de que modo as obras supracitadas apresentam traços culturais brasileiros que operam como elementos de identidade cultural recriados simbolicamente pela literatura e em que medida os conceitos de homem cordial e malandro podem ser encaixados enquanto categorias de análise nos protagonistas de cada uma delas? Que sentidos de brasilidade isso evoca? De que forma a trama de tais obras deixam entrever as ideias de patrimonialismo e jeitinho brasileiro? Com vistas a encontrar respostas a tais problematizações, traçou-se, como objetivo geral, analisar as marcas da cordialidade, do patrimonialismo, da malandragem e do jeitinho no romance, no conto e na rapsódia e estudar os protagonistas de cada um como exemplos literários do homem cordial. Não obstante, tal propósito favorece o estudo dessas categorias de análise como características culturais do brasileiro e da própria formação cultural do Brasil. Nessa perspectiva, sustentou-se essa pesquisa na literatura comparada, fundamentada na sociocrítica da literatura, a qual parte do princípio de que a literatura deve ser analisada enquanto fenômeno circunscrito ao contexto sociocultural de seu surgimento. Trata-se, portanto, de uma pesquisa de tipo básica e qualitativa, com a qual se busca construir uma análise interpretativista pautada na revisão bibliográfica das categorias acima elencadas, articuladas pelas vias da crítica sociológica entrecruzada com a literatura comparada. Como resultado desse processo de investigação, chegou-se a constatação de que cordialidade, malandragem e patrimonialismo se constituíram como marcas culturais preponderantes à época da publicação das obras em análise e, mesmo em face do caráter dinâmico da cultura, preponderaram até a contemporaneidade, como elementos culturais que perpassam o tecido social brasileiro.
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Homer, Jarrod. "Ethnic peculiarity and universal appeal : the ambivalence of transition in mid-twentieth century Jewish American culture." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:156396.
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This thesis examines the contribution of Jewish artists to American popular culture in the mid-twentieth century and argues that the Jewish imagination contains a peculiar ability to simultaneous articulate the concerns of a specifically ethnic identity and a more universal American character. The thesis posits that by exploring how the Jewish community negotiated the space between ethnic identity and an American paradigm, Jewish artists were able to explore the middle ground between individuality and conformity, selfhood and consensus, liberalism and conservatism, tradition and change, and heritage and progress that held a wider pertinence for a more general American audience. The thesis argues that the diversity of the Jewish American imagination at this time can be united by a leitmotif that can be best described as the ambivalence of transition. By examining aesthetically dissimilar texts from a variety of artistic fields, in particular comic books, theatre, cinema, television, and literature, the thesis argues that despite the cultural evolutions that occurred throughout the thirties, forties and fifties, the Jewish voice articulated a continuing concern regarding the relationship between ethnic identity, masculine identity, the individual and mass culture. This last point hints at another preoccupation of this thesis; the texts analysed here all share a narrative focus that explores and represents notions of masculine identity and ideality. In this way, the thesis necessarily focuses upon debates about masculinity within the Jewish imagination and American culture, charting the evolution of the Jewish and American male and their relationship towards notions of performed, consensus, individual and paradigm masculinity. Although there has not necessarily been a desire to fully deny the notion of a continuing thematic preoccupation within the Jewish imaginary, previous scholarship has shown a tendency towards accentuating the eclectic nature of Jewish American culture. Whilst scholars like Paul Buhle and Stephen J. Whitfield recognise the importance of popular culture as an arena in which Jewish artists sought to articulate issues at the heart of Jewish identity and community in the US, their studies focus upon the kaleidoscopic eclecticism of Jewish American culture. The intention of this thesis is to harness the diversity inherent in Jewish cultural expression via the prevailing leitmotif of the ambivalence of transition. In this way the thesis will use the multifarious and textured fabric of mid-century Jewish culture, as well as the simultaneous articulation of both ethnic and more general concerns, to illuminate the understanding of both Jewish identity and American culture throughout the mid-century. Thus, the thesis builds upon work by the likes of Julian Levinson and Hana Wirth-Nesher that revisits ideas of assimilation and attempts to complicate the inexorable movement away from Jewish distinctiveness and identity. Similarly, the thesis builds upon studies by the likes of Pamela Robertson Wojcik and Will Brooker that attempt to accentuate the reductive understanding of the mid-century based upon boundless suburbia and unthinking conformity.
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Testa, Denise A. "'A bastard Gaelic man' reconsidering the highland roots of Adam Ferguson /." View thesis, 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/38582.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2007.<br>A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Humanities and Languages, College of Arts. Includes bibliographical references.
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Banville, Scott Douglass. ""A Mere Clerk" representing the urban lower-middle-class man in British literature and culture : 1837-1910 /." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1124222668.
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Nesbit, Elsa Siiri Gilmore Johnson. "Troubles with "being a man" in times of social progress| Analyzing the discourses of a conflicted culture." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10105264.
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<p> This thesis used group and individual interviews to collect and study discourse produced by both self-defined heterosexual and self-defined homosexual males, living in a socially progressive region of the United States, in order to evaluate how the male subjects appease male gender expectations, as is still socially expected today, while also abstaining from expressing homophobia, as is also expected today in such environments. While the analysis suggests that self-defined heterosexual subjects in this research indeed produced hegemonic, discriminatory utterances toward the homosexual and female community, a positive aspect of this discrimination is the fact that the same males who produce utterances in line with homophobia often do so in a way that is indirect and even seemingly unintentional due to a proposed lack of understanding. Implications and suggestions derived from this research thus include a need for more education and awareness in the areas of gender, sexual orientation, and particularly the subtleties of discursive forms of discrimination and dominance that maintain hegemony and victimization even in more progressive locations in space and time.</p>
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Banville, Scott D. "“A Mere Clerk”: Representing the urban lower-middle-class man in British literature and culture: 1837-1910." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1124222668.
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Wu, Yuan-Qi. "Expatriatehantering i Sverige : En kvantitativ studie om hur man kan minska expatriate-failures i landet som korats som ”årets förlorare”." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-80380.
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Trenden visar på att expatriates världen över fortsätter att ökas och värderas mer. Ett allmänt problem i hanteringen av expatriates är att de slutar i förtid och att de kan känna sig hindrade av att prestera till sina fulla kapaciteter. Årets resultat i en omfattande undersökning av expatriates världen över, där man mäter hur lyckliga de är, visade på att Sverige är årets förlorare. Syftet med den här studien är att ta reda på vilka sätt det finns för HR-ansvariga att använda, för att sänka risken för expatriate-failures i Sverige. Utifrån syftet formulerades två frågeställningar som undersökningen baserades på, på vilka sätt kan man minska risken för att expatriate-failures ska ske i Sverige och är de etablerade tillvägagångssätten giltiga i Sverige. Metoden bestod av en enkätundersökning som undersökte vad anledningarna för övervägan att sluta i förtid var för expatsen i Sverige samt hur deras besittning av vissa attribut korrelerade till att ha en risk för expatriate-failure. Undersökningen visade på att kulturshockar var huvudanledningen för att expatriate-failures sker i Sverige och att besittning av eftertraktade attribut skulle minska risken för expatriate-failures. Resultatet visade då på att de etablerade tillvägagångssätten är giltiga i Sverige för att minska risken för expatriate-failure. Andra effektiva tillvägagångssätt gavs också som förslag för att motverka frekventa anledningarna som emprin visade på.
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Alftberg, Linda, and Evelina Flodström. "Man måste brinna för att tända glöd i andra. : Kvinnliga ledare i arbetslivet." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19334.
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Society is facing rapid and continuous change. In order to participate in the development, organizations need to take advantage of all the knowledge and skills available in the labor market. Women leaders in top positions are still in the minority but do as good a job as their male colleagues. She brings different dynamics and a new dimension in the work culture but is nevertheless excluded from the mightiest rooms. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the organizational factors that determine and facilitate for women to take on leadership positions. Through semi-structured interviews with six women leaders, the material has resulted in a thematic analysis with four themes. These themes are the workplace culture, impersonation, conditions and driving forces. The result confirms earlier research showing the importance of a healthy corporate culture to shape and develop tomorrow’s passionate women leaders.<br>Samhället står inför snabba och kontinuerliga förändringar. För att kunna vara med i utvecklingen behöver organisationer ta tillvara på all kunskap och kompetens som finns tillgänglig på arbetsmarknaden. Kvinnliga ledare på toppositioner är fortfarande i minoritet men gör ett lika gott jobb som sina manliga kollegor. Hon tillför annan dynamik och en ny dimension i arbetskulturen men som trots detta stängs ute från de mäktigaste rummen. Syftet med studien är att belysa organisatoriska faktorer som avgör och underlättar för kvinnor att ta sig an ledande positioner. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex kvinnliga ledare har materialet resulterat i en tematisk analys med fyra teman. Dessa temaområden är arbetsplatskultur, personifiering, förutsättningar och drivkrafter. Resultatet styrker tidigare forskning och visar vikten av en sund företagskultur för att forma och ta fram morgondagens passionerade kvinnliga ledare.
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Goja, Ella, and Emelie Engman. "”Ibland kan man känna att man är mer ensam nu” : En fallstudie om de anställdas upplevelser av arbete i ett aktivitetsbaserat kontorslandskap." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Sociologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-34340.
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It is becoming increasingly common for offices to change and move from the traditional cellular office to open and activity-based landscapes. These offices are adapted to working needs and are said to be flexible where employees themselves can choose how and where they want to sit and work. Telia is one of the companies that recently has undergone a reorganization and designed its offices with an activity-oriented design. The purpose of this study is to find out how Telia employees experience working in the new environment. But also to find out whether the physical design is perceived to affect the social interactions in the workplace. This study is of a qualitative nature as it aims to clarify the experiences of the employees. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted with five employees, each of which has different occupational roles within the company. The theoretical framework used to analyze the results is Bang’s (1999) Theory of Organizational Culture, different parts of Goffman’s (2006) Dramaturgical Perspective and Jacobsen & Thorsvik’s (2014) Theory of Organizational Communication. The results found show both the pros and cons of activity-based approach. Besides ergonomics, deep interactions and the feeling of knowing where one’s colleagues sit, Telia’s employees seem to be positively set on the new office landscape. The results in this study demonstrate, among other things that the activity-based office is perceived to create flexibility and networking between employees. Finally, the study shows that hierarchy, solidarity and communication together represent a positive sense of the new activity-based office landscape at Telia, according to the employees.<br>Det blir allt vanligare att kontor förändras och går från det traditionella cellkontoret till öppna och aktivitetsbaserade kontorslandskap. De senare är behovsanpassade och sägs vara flexibla där anställda själva kan välja hur och var de vill arbeta. Teliaär ett av de företag som nyligen genomgått en omorganisation och utformat sitt kontor med en aktivitetsanpassad design. Syftet med denna studie är att skapa kunskap kring hur de anställda på Telia upplever arbetet i den nya arbetsmiljön. Men även att ta reda på huruvida den fysiska utformningen upplevs påverka de sociala interaktionerna på arbetsplatsen. Denna studie är av kvalitativ karaktär då den avser att tydliggöra upplevelserna hos medarbetarna. Semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med fem anställda vilka alla har olika yrkesroller inom företaget. Det teoretiska ramverket som har använts för att kunna analysera resultatet är Bangs (1999) teori om organisationskultur, olika delar av Goffmans (2006) dramaturgiska perspektiv samt Jacobsen & Thorsviks (2014) teori om organisatorisk kommunikation. De resultat som framkommit visar både för-och nackdelar med det aktivitetsbaserade arbetssättet. Förutom ergonomi, djupa interaktioner och känslan av att veta var ens kollegor sitter verkar medarbetarna påTelia mestadels vara positivt inställda till det nya kontorslandskapet. Resultaten i denna studie påvisar bland annat att det aktivitetsbaserade kontoret upplevs skapa flexibilitet och nätverkande mellan medarbetare. Slutligen visar studiens resultat att hierarki, samhörighet och kommunikation tillsammans utgör en positiv känsla av det nya aktivitetsbaserade kontorslandskapet på Telia, enligt de anställda.
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Stebbins, Maegan Ann. "The Werewolf: Past and Future." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77877.
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Since before recorded history, werewolves have captivated human imagination. Simultaneously, they represent our deepest fears as well as our desire to connect with our primal ancestry. Today, werewolves are portrayed negatively, associated with violence, cruelty, cannibalism, and general malevolence. However, in ages past, legends depicted them not as monsters, but as a range of neutral to benevolent individuals, such as traveling companions, guardians, and knights. The robust legacy of the werewolf spans from prehistory, through ancient Greece and Rome, to the Middle Ages, into the Early Modern period, and finally into present-day popular culture. Over the ages, the view of the werewolf has become distorted. Media treatment of werewolves is associated with inferior writing, lacking in thought, depth, and meaning. Werewolves as characters or creatures are now generally seen as single-minded and one-dimensional, and they want nothing more than to kill, devour, and possibly violate humans. Hollywood depictions have resulted in the destruction of the true meanings behind werewolf legends that fascinated and terrified humans for so many ages. If these negative trends were reversed, perhaps entertainment might not only discover again some of the true meanings behind the werewolf myth, but also take the first steps toward reversing negative portrayals of wolves themselves, which humans have, for eons, wrongfully stigmatized and portrayed as evil, resulting in wolves receiving crueler treatment than virtually any other animal. To revive the many questions posed by lycanthropy, entertainment must show respect to the rich history of the legend — and rediscover the benevolent werewolf.<br>Master of Arts
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Barnes, Duncan Martin. "Selling the modern day tribe: The commodification of rave culture." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2018. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2107.
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This thesis examines youth and rave culture from the late 1980s to the present. It considers the history as well as the global and local impact of rave. I provide a visual ethnographic study from 1999-2014, based on my work as a commercial photographer of the Perth, Western Australian scene. While critically reflecting on existing subcultural research this thesis adds another dimension – the effect that global corporations have had in reshaping subcultural practices, specifically the commodification of rave culture in the form of the contemporary electronic dance festival.
The research incorporates both qualitative and quantitative data to interrogate media coverage on rave culture as well as interviews and first hand experience within the rave scene. I analyse mainstream print and electronic media reporting of rave as a deviant youth subcultural practice linked to the use of the drug ecstasy. I consider the effect this had on rave and it’s rebranding to become known in contemporary times as EDM (electronic dance music). As a result I examine how rave has shifted from a youth subcultural activity to being not only mainstream and commercial, but also owned and controlled by global corporations. My discussion of the conventions of festival/music scenes will demonstrate how rave, which once operated outside ‘acceptable’ boundaries, has become a part of the conventional norm.
A unique aspect of this thesis is the inclusion and analysis of my photographs taken over a 15 year period that document the changes that occurred as rave transitioned from a subversive underground scene to corporate run multimillion dollar events. The photographs are also compiled into an accompanying monograph. The monograph allows for an immersive visual experience of non-staged event images and predetermined studio and location photographs. The book offers what words alone cannot fully engage with – a representation of what was and remains a highly visual scene, based on fashion, performance and settings.
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Furber, Christine M. "Surviving baby feeding : a grounded theory of midwives' views and experiences." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:95044.
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The aim of this study was to use the grounded theory method to discover the main concerns of midwives in relation to their practice with baby feeding, and to identify the processes that are involved in dealing with baby feeding in their day-to-day work. Data were generated from thirty in-depth interviews with midwives who worked in two maternity care Trusts in the North of England. Data were analysed using constant comparative techniques of the grounded theory method. A computer software program (Non-numerical Unstructured Data Indexing Searching and Theorising package) for qualitative data analysis was used to manage and store the analysis. The grounded theory that emerged suggests that baby feeding was not an easy part of these midwives’ work. These midwives were finding ways of dealing with the pressures that were around them, and which they felt, were affecting their practice. Examples of these pressures include the environment where feeding took place, the support and contributions of those around the woman and baby (particularly other midwives), and the beliefs and behaviour of the woman and baby themselves. ‘Surviving’ enabled midwives to feel that they had dealt with baby feeding in their practice and successfully managed their workload. Surviving consists of four main categories: altering proximities of baby feeding, emotionalising baby feeding, struggling with baby feeding, and directing baby feeding. Surviving is not a linear process that is sequential, but cyclical as these categories are inter-related to each other. However, these midwives’ actions created many of the problems that they experienced, therefore the process was perpetuated. The significance of this substantive theory has been explored within the literature related to baby feeding, workers’ functioning in other public service bureaucracies, and research methodology. Implications for midwifery research, practice and policy are discussed. It is suggested that this thesis could contribute to wider health service agendas such as clinical governance, multi-disciplinary working and public health.
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Pevey, Timothy Aaron. "From Superman to Superbland: The Man of Steel's Popular Decline among Postmodern Youth." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_theses/19.
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Although immensely popular with American boys upon his debut in 1938, Superman has gradually lost relevance with the postmodern generation. DC Comics has rewritten the character numerous times in an attempt to regain lost popularity, but the problem lies in an aspect of his character they refuse to alter – his invulnerability. Superman’s invulnerable body was engineered to quell the fears America harbored towards technological progress, but his impervious physique now renders him obsolete. Boys in postmodern America, under the influence of post-Enlightenment body values, now connect with vulnerable comic book heroes whose bodies more closely match their own. This paper examines the sociological reasons for the shift in Superman’s popularity by comparing the body values of 1938 with those of today, and concludes that while Superman might have succeeded as a modern hero, he fails as a postmodern one.
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Croci, D. "'THE END WILL BE THE OVER-MAN': UTOPIA AND DYSTOPIA BETWEEN SCIENTIFIC ROMANCE AND GRAPHIC NOVEL." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/527570.
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Questa tesi si propone di rintracciare l’influenza dello scrittore britannico H. G. Wells sulla nascita e sviluppo dei comics di supereroi all’interno del contesto angloamericano. Per prima cosa, il lavoro esamina come i primi scientific romance di Wells – The Time Machine (1895), The Island of Doctor Moreau (1896), The Invisible Man (1897), The War of the Worlds (1898), e When the Sleeper Wakes (1899) – prendano le mosse dall’episteme scientifica e dalla tradizione del romance tardovittoriano per esplorare la dimensione utopica-distopica del superomismo. Quindi, la tesi analizza la penetrazione degli elementi wellsiani all’interno della cultura popolare americana di primo Novecento. Prendo in esame The Overman (1907) di Upton Sinclair, Gladiator (1930) di Philip Wylie, e “The Reign of the Super-Man” (1933) di Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster come testi di transizione che riformulano idee e motivi dello scrittore britannico per un pubblico americano, aprendo nel contempo la strada per la creazione di Superman (1938) e Batman (1939). L’obiettivo è quello di dimostrare come l’influenza diretta e indiretta di Wells sulla nascita dei fumetti di supereroi abbia contributo a determinare una duplice ambivalenza nei confronti della modernità tecnologica e dell’utopismo. Infine, la tesi analizza le modalità in cui i graphic novel di Alan Moore, composti negli anni ottanta del secolo scorso, abbiano attinto da queste ambiguità strutturali e dagli antecedenti wellsiani per negoziare la tensione tra utopismo e anti-utopismo. Sostengo che Miracleman (1982-89), V for Vendetta (1982-89) e Watchmen (1986-87) esplorino le antinomie di utopia e distopia nell’atto di decostruire gli statuti ideologici del genere supereroistico. Come revisioni postmoderne dell’archetipo popolare, questi graphic novel mettono quindi in scena il conflitto tra la modernità intrinseca del supereroe e la fine delle metanarrazioni. Il quadro metodologico per questa indagine è offerto dagli studi letterari, dai Cultural Studies e dagli studi sul fumetto. In particolare, la multidisciplinarietà e l’approccio materialista degli Studi culturali permettono di incorporare strumenti metodologici da discipline come la teoria letteraria, gli studi sull’utopia, la storiografia, la critica culturalista e la semiotica.<br>This thesis aims at tracing the influence of British writer H.G. Wells (1866-1946) on the birth and development of Anglo-American superhero comics. First, it considers the way in which Wells’s early scientific romances – The Time Machine (1895), The Island of Doctor Moreau (1896), The Invisible Man (1897), The War of the Worlds (1898), and When the Sleeper Wakes (1899) – stemmed from the late-Victorian scientific episteme and romantic tradition to explore the utopian and dystopian possibilities of superhumanity. Then, it sets out to analyze the percolation of Wellsian motifs through early-twentieth century American popular culture. I take into account Upton Sinclair’s The Overman (1907), Philip Wylie’s Gladiator (1930), and Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster’s “The Reign of the Super-Man” (1933) as transitional works that on the one hand reformulated Wells’s ideas and tropes for an American audience, and on the other hand paved the way for the creation of Superman (1938) and Batman (1939). The aim is to demonstrate that Wells’s direct and indirect influence on the inception of superhero comic books contributed to produce a twofold ambivalence about technological modernity and utopianism. Finally, this work scrutinizes the way in which Alan Moore’s 1980s graphic novels drew both on these structural ambiguities and their Wellsian predecessors to negotiate the tension between utopianism and anti-utopianism. I argue that Miracleman (1982-89), V for Vendetta (1982-89) and Watchmen (1986-87) explore the antinomies of utopia and dystopia as they deconstruct the ideological assumptions of the superhero genre. As postmodern revisions of the archetype, these graphic novels problematize superheroes’s modernity vis-à-vis the end of metanarratives. A combination of literary studies, cultural studies and studies on comics/graphic novels provide the methodological framework for this work. In particular, I rely on cultural studies’ multi-disciplinary approach and materialist mode of inquiry to incorporate analytical tools from literary theory, utopian studies, historiography, cultural criticism, and semiotics.
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Dázio, Eliza Maria Rezende. "O significado do estoma intestinal entre homens: um estudo etnográfico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-03092008-112051/.
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Este estudo teve como objetivo interpretar os significados que os homens inseridos na classe popular atribuem à condição de serem portadores de estoma intestinal por câncer colorretal, com base nos pressupostos sócio-antropológicos de masculinidade. Para tal compreensão foram utilizados os referenciais teóricos da antropologia interpretativa de Clifford Geertz e de Arthur Kleinman e o método etnográfico. Participaram do estudo dezesseis homens portadores de estomas intestinais temporários e/ou definitivos por câncer colorretal, moradores de Ribeirão Preto e região. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de junho a dezembro de 2007 no Ambulatório de Proctologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto e nas residências dos informantes. Foram respeitadas as questões éticas e os informantes assinaram um Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido para participarem do estudo. Realizou-se entrevistas semi-estruturadas gravadas, observações participantes e anotações em um diário de campo. A análise dos dados apoiou-se nos pressupostos da sócio-antropologia de masculinidade de Connell e outros autores. Identificou-se os códigos que apontaram o sentido da experiência para os informantes e que, posteriormente, serviram de guia para as unidades de sentidos e a construção dos significados. Da análise surgiram dois núcleos de significados: \"A descoberta da doença e da necessidade do tratamento: a vida em jogo\"; \"Ser homem com estoma intestinal: ajustando a vida com resignação à sua nova masculinidade\". No primeiro tema, foi possível apreender que os sintomas do câncer colorretal surgem gradativamente, integram-se ao cotidiano dos homens e a sua gravidade é percebida quando a doença já está avançada. Influenciados por padrões sócio-culturais hegemônicos da masculinidade, os homens demoram em procurar recursos profissionais. A precariedade dos serviços de saúde e a dificuldade para a definição do diagnóstico os levam a idas e vindas aos ambulatórios e exames. O diagnóstico de câncer, a quimioterapia, a radioterapia e a cirurgia mutiladora que resulta na construção do estoma intestinal, rompem seus projetos de vida. O segundo tema aborda as dificuldades iniciais no pós-operatório, as alterações da imagem corporal, o estoma, a bolsa coletora, a dieta, a sexualidade e os laços sociais. Essas dificuldades foram interpretadas como dimensões de masculinidades de subordinação, marginalização e cumplicidade. Influenciados por padrões de masculinidade(s), os homens não se entregam, lutam pela sobrevivência e pela manutenção dos seus papéis sociais, estipulados pela visão hegemônica da masculinidade. Sobreviver ao CCR exige um ajustamento à nova condição, à nova identidade de homem; requer uma resignação com a situação para re-significar o viver. Nesse sentido, apreendemos a influência das dimensões da masculinidade nos diversos momentos de desafio ao ajustamento ao câncer, em se ter um estoma e nas conseqüências limitadoras em relação ao estilo de vida anterior. Os achados desse estudo oferecem subsídios para o cuidar, levando-se em consideração a perspectiva cultural.<br>This study had as objective to interpret the meanings that the men inserted in the popular class they attribute to the condition of they be bearers of intestinal stoma for cancer colorectal, with base in the partner-anthropological presuppositions of manliness. For such understanding were used the Clifford Geertz and Arthur Kleinman\'s theoretical references of interpretative anthropology and the method ethnographic. Sixteen men participated in the study bearers of temporary and/or definitive intestinal stoma for cancer colorectal, residents from Ribeirão Preto and region. The collection of data happened in the period of june to december of 2007 in the Clinic of Proctology of the Hospital of the Clinics of University of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto and in the informers\' residences. The ethical subjects were respected and the informers signed a Term of Free Consent and Illustrious to participate in the study. It took place interviews semi-structured recorded, participant observations and annotations in a field diary. The analysis of the data supported in the presuppositions of the partner-anthropology of manliness of Connell and other authors. It was identified the codes that pointed the sense of the experience for the informers and that, later, they served as guide for the units of senses and the construction of the meanings. Of the analysis two nuclei of meanings appeared: \"The discovery of the disease and of the need of the treatment: the life in game\"; \"To be man with intestinal stoma: adjusting the life with resignation to his new manliness\". In the first theme, it was possible to apprehend that the symptoms of the cancer colorectal appear gradually, they integrate into the daily of the men and his gravity is noticed when the disease is already advanced. Influenced by patterns partner-cultural hegemonic of the manliness, the men delay in seeking professional resources. The precariousness of the services of health and the difficulty for the definition of the diagnosis take them to go and come to the clinics and exams. The diagnosis of cancer, the chemotherapy, the radiotherapy and the surgery of mutilation that results in the construction of the intestinal stoma, they break their life projects. The second theme approaches the initial difficulties in the postoperative, the alterations of the corporal image, the stoma, the bag collect, the diet, the sexuality and the social ties. These difficulties were interpreted as dimensions of manliness of subordination, marginalization and complicity. Influenced by patterns of manliness, the men don\'t surrender, they struggle for the survival and for the maintenance of their social roles, stipulated by the vision hegemonic of the manliness. To survive to CCR demands an adjustment to the new condition, to the new man identity; it requests a resignation with the situation to redefinition of living. In that sense, we apprehended the influence of the dimensions of the manliness in the several moments of challenge to the adjustment to the cancer, in having a stoma and in the consequences of limitation in relation to the previous lifestyle. The discoveries of that study offer subsidies for taking care, being taken into account the cultural perspective.
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Naumann, Bergman Marcus, and Stéphanie Nyberg. ""On doit s'adapter!" - "Man måste anpassa sig!" : En studie av internationellt management i Sverige och Frankrike." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2451.
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<p>Denna uppsats problematiserar huruvida en ledares kulturella bakgrund påverkar dennes arbete. I ett allt mer internationaliserat Europa ökar samarbeten mellan människor och företag över de nationella gränserna i en ökande takt. Detta ställer krav på de ledare som skall samarbeta och samordna över nationella och kulturella gränser. Denna studie problematiserar det interkulturella ledarskapet och hur ledare ställer sig till frågor angående anpassning och samarbete. Då det framgår av Hofstede att stora skillnader finns mellan Sverige och Frankrike syftar denna studie till att undersöka hur svenska- och franska ledares nationella och kulturella bakgrunder påverkar deras arbetsroll.</p><p>Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur svenska och franska ledares interkulturella erfarenheter påverkar deras arbetsroll. Intresset ligger i att undersöka ledarnas reflektioner kring kultur och ledarskap.</p><p>En kvalitativ studie bestående av direktintervjuer med fem svenska och fem franska respondenter verksamma på ett internationellt företag både i Stockholm och Paris har genomförts för att samla empiri för att besvara syftet. De teorier som har använts är Hofstedes teori om kulturdimensioner och en teori från "The Michigan leadership studies" som beskrivs av Yukl. Studien använder även Scheins teori om kulturella nivåer.</p><p>Studiens slutsatser som dragits av den empiriska datan är både ett flertal likheter och skillnader. Likheterna bestod av en gemensam uppfattning om att anpassning och förståelse för den andre är mycket viktigt vad gäller ledarskap i interkulturella situationer. Skillnaderna låg i maktdistans, konfliktsökande kontra konsensussökande och olika sätt att se på individualism.</p><br><p>This study investigates with how a leader's cultural background influences their work and approach to international affairs. In the presently increasing internationalization in Europe, cooperation and partnerships between people and enterprises become more and more common. This fact influence and put pressure on the leaders abilities to cooperate and manage relations and work over national and cultural borders.</p><p>This study investigates the intercultural leadership and how leaders approach the issues of adaption and cooperation. Since Hofstede presents large differences between Sweden and France this study investigate how Swedish and French leaders' national and cultural backgrounds influence their profession as managers.</p><p>The purpose of this study is to investigate how Swedish and French leaders' intercultural experiences influence their professions. This study's interest lays in the leaders reflections towards culture and leadership.</p><p>In order to answer the thesis' purpose qualitative interviews has been conducted with five Swedish and five French senior managers or partners of an international enterprise in Stockholm and Paris. The theories used are Hofstede's cultural dimensions, a theory from "The Michigan leadership studies" presented by Yukl aswell as Schein's theory of cultural levels.</p><p>The conclusions of the study are that there are multiple similarities and differences between the two studied countries. The similarities consist of a common opinion that adaption and understanding of the foreign is very important in international leadership. The differences between Sweden and France were the power distance, conflict avoidance versus mutual agreement and different approaches towards individualism.</p><br><p>Cette étude analyse la façon dont un chef de file d'un milieu culturel différend influe sur le travail et l'approche des affaires internationales. Dans l'actuelle internationalisation croissante en Europe, la coopération et les partenariats entre les personnes et les entreprises deviennent de plus en plus fréquentes. Ce fait influence et met pression sur les capacités des dirigeants à coopérer et à gérer les relations et la coopération sur les frontières nationales et culturelles.</p><p>Cette étude enquête sur la façon dont les dirigeants de multinationales abordent les questions de l'adaptation et de la coopération. Puisque Hofstede a démontré de grandes différences entre la Suède et la France, cette étude vise à déterminer comment les différences de nationalité et de culture, influent sur le rôle de manager des dirigeants français et suédois.</p><p>Le but de cette étude est d'examiner comment les expériences interculturelles de travail des dirigeants français et suédois ont une incidence sur leur rôle. L'intérêt réside dans la réflexion des dirigeants sur l'association entre la culture et le leadership.</p><p>Une étude qualitative comprenant des entretiens directs avec cinq suédois et cinq français de cadre supérieur, ou partenaire d'une société internationale, basée à la fois à Stockholm et à Paris ont été menées afin de vérifié les théories. Les théories utilisées sont les dimensions culturelles de Hofstede, la théorie de la «direction des études Michigan", présenté par Yukl ainsi que la théorie culturel de Schein.</p><p>La conclusion de l'étude est qu'il existe de nombreuses ressemblances et différences entre les deux pays étudiés. La similitude principale est que l'adaptation et la compréhension de l'étranger est très importante dans le domaine du leadership international. Les différences entre la Suède et la France portent sur la distance hiérarchique, les facteurs de différence culturelles et lindividualisme et le collectivisme.</p>
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Kehnel, Steven C. "The Commodification of Masculinity Within Men’s Magazine Advertisements: With what and how do we make the man?" Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1070480473.
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Kovacik, Gracen Lila. "Tell Sir Thomas More We've Got Another Failed Attempt: Utopia and the Burning Man Project." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5831.
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Burning Man, a weeklong experience in Black Rock Desert, Nevada, has become an oasis for those looking to escape the corporatized grasp of modern culture. Burning Man serves as a reprieve from judgment and allows participants to embrace and perform their inner identities. The intensions of Burning Man have been widely debated, from scholars concentrating on the rejection of consumerism to analyzing sacred space and religious connectivity for festivalgoers. What deserves further analysis, however, is the utopian nature of the event. I will explore previous utopian attempts--literary, political, etc.--and define what characteristics from those societies were present during the inception and following early years of Burning Man. Using the work of Ernst Bloch I will establish Burning Man as a not-yet-conscious utopia, a product of Larry Harvey's vision, and define the increasingly imminent threats to the event's utopianism. The segregation of ideas at Burning Man, between veteran Burners and newcomers, is attributed to the perpetual struggle to balance and create meaning within a society designed to provide autonomy for its citizens. I will look at how changes in popularity and population have transformed the once utopian retreat into an amalgam of conflicting ethos. I argue that this once thriving counterculture is facing an extreme shift away from the original structure of the event in terms of meaning, experience, and understanding.
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Ravin, My. "Vetenskap i populärkulturen : En kontextuell analys kring representationer av teknik och vetenskap i filmerna Demolition Man och Sunshine." Thesis, Linköping University, Department for Studies of Social Change and Culture, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11759.
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<p>Vi möts av mängder med bilder av teknik och vetenskap i populärkulturens verk. Dessa bilder kan ses som representationer av vår verklighet och bidrar också till att skapa våra uppfattningar om världen.</p><p>Denna uppsats fokuserar på att studera just de populärvetenskapliga bilderna av teknik och vetenskap som finns representerade samt hur dessa bilder är en del av sin kontext. Genom att närmare studera filmerna Demolition Man och Sunshine, utifrån frågor om tekniken skildras som ond, god eller neutral, hur vetenskapsmannen gestaltas samt hur förhållandet mellan människa och maskin ser ut, nystar denna uppsats fram de bilder av teknik och vetenskap som återfinns i dessa två verk.</p>
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Arping, Anna, and Klara Reimer. "“I det här yrket behöver man vara tolerant” : En triangulering om sjuksköterskors erfarenheter avsexuella trakasserier och organisatoriskt arbete." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Personal och arbetsliv, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28011.
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Intresset för att genomföra studien väcktes under hösten 2017 när rörelsen #metoo spred sig på sociala medier och ett stort antal individer vittnade om deras utsatthet av sexuella trakasserier på sina arbetsplatser. Rörelsen intygar att trakasserier av sexuell karaktär förekommer i ett flertal branscher, där vårt intresse väcktes att undersöka sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av sexuella trakasserier. Tidigare genomförda studier som utgör den forskningsfront som föreligger har ett fokus på individen och de individuella konsekvenser som sexuellt ofredande medför. Den kunskapslucka som identifierades var hur organisationer påverkas av förekomsten av sexuella trakasserier likväl hur de kan bedriva ett förebyggande och åtgärdande arbete kring frågan. Studiens syfte är därför att belysa förekomsten och de konsekvenser som sexuella trakasserier medför. Ett delsyfte är att redogöra för hur organisationen arbetar med frågor rörande sexuellt ofredande. Teorier som redogör för definitionen av begreppet sexuella trakasserier, hur ofredandet påverkar såväl individen som organisationen, makt, tystnadskultur, organisationskultur och arbetsgivaransvar föreligger för att besvara studiens syfte. Studiens datainsamling bygger på en triangulering där en kvantitativ webbaserad enkät använts liksom kvalitativa semi-strukturerade intervjuer. En avgränsning har gjorts till kvinnliga sjuksköterskor anställda i en organisation i mellersta Sverige. I studiens resultat framkom det att sexuella trakasserier förekommer på arbetsplatsen samt att det råder en tystnadskultur kring ämnet där de tillfrågade medarbetarna saknar kunskap kring var de bör vända sig för att berätta om sina erfarenheter. De anställda visar även stor okunskap kring organisationens policy, handlingsplan samt vilket stöd de är berättigade att få. Resultaten från det insamlade datamaterialet har analyserats med hjälp av den teoretiska referensramen och koncentrerats till fyra huvudområden som även diskuteras. Dessa är problematiska gränsdragningar, tystnadskultur, organisationskultur och organisatoriskt arbete.<br>The interest in conducting the study was raised in the autumn of 2017 when the #metoo movement spread on social media and a large number of individuals witnessed their vulnerability to sexual harassment at their workplaces. The movement certifies sexual harassment in a number of industries, where our interest was raised to investigate the nurse's experiences of sexual harassment. Past studies that constitute the research front are focused on the individual and the individual consequences of sexual harassment. The knowledge gap that was identified was how organizations are affected by the occurrence of sexual harassment as well as how they can carry out preventive and remedial work on the issue. The purpose of the study is therefore to highlight the occurrence and the consequences of sexual harassment. One purpose is to explain how the organization works with issues related to sexual harassment. To answer the purpose of the study theories describing the definition of the concept of sexual harassment, individual- and organization effects, power, culture of silence, organizational culture and employer responsibility is all brought up. The data collection of the study is based on a triangulation using a quantitative web-based survey as well as qualitative semi-structured interviews. A demarcation has been made to female nurses employed in an organization in central Sweden. The results of the study shows that sexual harassment occurs at the workplace and that there is a culture of silence about the subject where the asked employees do not know where to turn to tell their experiences. Employees also show great unknowledge about the organization's policy, action plan and what support they are entitled to receive. The results of the collected data have been analyzed using the theoretical reference framework and concentrated on four main areas that are also discussed. The main areas are where to drawn boundaries, culture of silence, organizational culture and organizational work.
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Montoya, Michael Ariel M. ""As the bamboo breaks" toward retrieving a Filipino theological anthropology using the story of Malakas and Maganda /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2002. http://www.tren.com.
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Kuylenstierna, Ann. "Hur står det till idag? : eller kan man ta tempen på kultur?" Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1535.
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This study is focused on some individuals' experience of the concept of culture in their everyday life. Some questions about culture were asked to some persons living in a small village in the isle of Gotland and some persons in the capital of Sweden, Stockholm, in the autumn in 2007 in a field study. The study showed that peopele tend to shape their own life world in the continuous activity in their near surroundings, in the garden and in reading literature and listening to music. There were some differences in the life world depending on where they lived, in the country side or in town. Urban life has more offers as to popera and theatres but negatively more violence and stress. A study of literature on the ethnological concept of culture is included. The answers of the individuals also led to different topics such as nostalgia, mind, fear, feelings, body and soul which were enlightened by scientist from the respective fields.
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Murphree, Hyon Joo Yoo. "Cowboys, Postmodern Heroes, and Anti-heroes: The Many Faces of the Alterized White Man." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2620/.
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This thesis investigates how hegemonic white masculinity adopts a new mode of material accumulation by entering into an ambivalent existence as a historical agent and metahistory at the same time and continues to function as a performative identity that offers a point of identification for the working class white man suggesting that bourgeois identity is obtainable through the performance of bourgeois ethics. The thesis postulates that the phenomenal transitions brought on by industrialization and deindustrialization of 50's through 90's coincide with the representational changes of white masculinity from paradigmatic cowboy incarnations to the postmodern action heroes, specifically as embodied by Bruce Willis. The thesis also examines how postmodern heroes' "intero-alterity" is further problematized by antiheroes in Tim Burton's films.