Dissertations / Theses: 'Management of sugar cane'

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Cox, Graeme J. "A yield mapping system for sugar cane chopper harvesters." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2002. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00004617/.

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[Abstract]: Yield maps provide essential information for the spatial analysis and evaluation of crop production management at a within field level. Technology has been developed to conduct yield mapping in various crops including grain, potatoes and forage, but as yet no technology exists for yield mapping sugar cane. The chopper harvester is the most common form ofmechanical harvester for sugar cane. Therefore, the goal of this research is to develop a yield mapping system for the chopper type sugar cane harvester.After a review, it is proposed that a suitable accuracy goal for the sugar cane mass flow sensor would be ‘less than 5% cumulative measurement error, 95% of the time (2 standard deviations), measured over a 100m2 harvest area’.Existing mass flow sensors for other crops are reviewed.Based on this review four potential techniques are proposed to measure the mass flow rate of sugar cane. These were defined as the chopper power, elevator power and feed roller separation and weigh pad. These weretested simultaneously by placing various sensors on a single harvester and comparing the sensor outputs with the mass flow rate as measured by a weigh truck. In this trial, all techniques offered potential but none produced results close to the accuracy goal. A weighing technique, known as the ‘weigh pad’, offered the most potential for improvement and potential to accurately measure the mass flow rate with a single calibration under all conditions. The weigh pad technique suffered from very small load cell sensitivity to flow rate, drift in baseline readings and susceptibility to mechanical noise/acceleration dynamics.An opportunity arose to install a complete yield mapping system on a harvester within a commercial operation. This opportunity was accepted to assess the potential for applying yield maps to the agronomic management of sugar cane. Because the weigh pad sensor required further development at this stage, chopper and elevator power were used as a measure of mass flow rate. A full yield mapping system was developed. Yield mapping, directed soil sampling and variable rate gypsum application was conducted on a case study field. Economic analysis shows a clear economic benefit when compared with standardmanagement.Analysis is conducted on the weigh pad sensor examining its susceptibility to mechanical noise/acceleration dynamics. Theory is developed to mathematically model the effects of acceleration dynamics on the accuracy of weigh pad sensor. Laboratory bench testing supported the mathematical model. From the theoretical and experimental analysis a number of conclusions are drawn:· The weigh pad should be made as light as possible to minimise the error due todynamic conditions.· Electronic analogue filters should be used to reduce the noise due to externalacceleration.· The weigh pad should be as rigid as possible to maximise its natural frequency.A new weigh pad sensor was designed based on these conclusions. Field trials indicated the effects of external accelerations dynamics were significantly reduced. Baseline drift was then found as the next major factor limiting accuracy. The baseline drift was principally caused by the secondary extractor fan of the harvester inducing a negative pressure on the weighpad. A rubber curtain placed between the weigh pad and the secondary extractor fan reduced the negative force on the weigh pad due to the secondary extractor fan by 74% (from 17 N to 4.4 N). Therefore it is recommended the curtain be used to minimise the impact of the secondary extractor fan on the baseline drift of the weigh pad.A yield mapping system has been developed for the sugar cane chopper harvester incorporating the weigh pad sensor, a ground speed sensor, a DGPS receiver, a yielddisplay/monitor and data logger. Three identical systems have been constructed and installed on three harvesters for the 1998 cane harvest season. The results show sugar cane could be yield mapped using standard yield mapping principles.The level of accuracy being achieved by the yield mapping system is less than 16% error, with 95% confidence, over a measurement area of approximately 1400 m2. Although theaccuracy achieved is not to the desired research goal, yield maps were produced with satisfactory detail to make agronomic management decisions. The reliability of the sugar cane yield mapping system under field condition in a commercial operation was satisfactory. However, two techniques are proposed (“auto-zeroing” and “batch weighing” techniques) to improve the accuracy and reliability of the weigh pad readings during wet or adverseharvesting conditions.After note: At the time of writing the NCEA along with Case Austoft (CNH) were continuing to conduct research and development on the system and are intending to make theyield mapping system available as a standard item on new harvesters and a retrofit unit on existing harvesters in the near future (C. Barret, per. comm. 2001). The proposed “autozeroing” and “batch weighing” techniques are being tested.

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Ganeshan, Seelavarn. "Biology, economic importance and management of sugar cane armyworms (Mythimna spp.) in Mauritius." Thesis, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417367.

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Milan, M. "Improving operational management of harvest, transport and mechanization for sugar cane in Brazil." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282463.

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Kumarasinghe, Nimal Chandrakantha. "Host plant resistance in sugarcane Saccharum officinarum to the lophophid planthopper Pyrilla perpusilla Walker (Homoptera: Lophopidae)." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295250.

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Imberti, Arturo, Edgar Ramos, Kelsey Provost, and Anshuman Neil Basu. "Towards a hybrid conceptual operational management model of canazo supply chain: A research on the sugar-cane spirit from Peru." ExcelingTech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653829.

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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.
The present research seeks to show the importance of applying process management techniques and food safety norms in the operational processes of the supply chain to know the meaning and the need for an integrated hybrid model. The article reviews the sugarcane distillery sector of Peru and its main operational problems. Based on the literature reviewed and discussed with academics who have knowledge of the food supply chain, an integrated hybrid model was developed to help any distillery with lower levels of competitiveness than its competitors in other sectors, such as pisco, applying techniques of process management and food safety to increase the efficiency of liquor distilleries. The findings confirm that distilleries can increase their efficiency, thanks to the higher performance of their operations after their alignment with the integrated model.
Revisión por pares

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Seeruttun, Sumantlall. "Weed management in sugar cane : critical periods of weed competition and mechanisms of interference from Paspalum paniculatum and P. urvillei." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25405.

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The aim of this project was to provide sound scientific underpinning for the development of new weed management strategies in sugar cane by exploring competition from the major weeds, and explaining the different mechanisms of weed interference from Paspalum paniculatum and P. urvillei. Critical periods of weed control (CPWC) were studied in six field trials. In ratoon cane, CPWC with natural weed infestations started between 228 and 916 growing degree days (GDD), and ended between 648 and 1311 GDD, depending on the site and cane variety. These results represented a maximum CPWC of 12 to 28 weeks after harvest (WAH). In plant cane, the CPWC started earlier (6 WAP) and was longer than those in ratoon cane. Relative competitiveness ‘q’ values of eight common weed species showed that sugar cane was a stronger competitor than most of the weeds tested. The adverse effect of weed competition in sugar cane is not experienced before several weeks following weed emergence. Weeds transplanted 10 WAP caused no significant change in cane yield response as compared to those transplanted 4 WAP. Paspalum paniculatum was often found to be more competitive than P. urvillei, although the latter produced more leaf area and grew taller to intercept more light within the canopy. This indicated that other mechanisms of weed interference were involved and competition for light was more important during the earlier (tillering) growth stages. Root competition was shown to be as important as shoot competition. Root competition effects were observed several weeks after imposing competition, suggesting that it was more important than competition for light in the post-tillering phase. Application of root exudates from the two grasses to sugar cane confirmed an allelopathic effect on the root biomass of sugar cane. One chemical identified in the leachates from both Paspalum species for the allelopathic effects was 2-propenoic acid, 3-(4-methoxyphenyl). The main implications of the above findings for the Mauritian sugar industry would involve a change in the timing of application of herbicides. A new tank-mix consisting of trifloxysulfuron + ametryn and amicarbazone has been found to meet this objective. This strategy will enable a saving of at least one herbicide treatment per season.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Plant Production and Soil Science
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Scanavini, José Guilherme Victorelli. "Estratégias de irrigação para viveiros de cana-de-açúcar com mudas provenientes de micropropagação (Biofábrica)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11152/tde-07112014-160837/.

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O setor sucroenergético brasileiro vem apresentando baixos índices de incremento na produtividade agrícola em seus canaviais nos últimos anos. Existem alguns fatores que se relacionam a essa problemática, dentre eles destaca-se o lento processo de adoção e implantação de novos cultivares de cana-de-açúcar em áreas comerciais. Isso se deve em menor escala à falta de informação e, em maior escala, às estratégias adotadas para inserção e multiplicação do material vegetativo desses novos cultivares. Deste modo, a micropropagação - através da extração do meristema apical de plantas do cultivar de interesse e da utilização dos métodos de multiplicação de biofábrica - possibilita alcançar rapidamente uma quantidade significativa de novas plantas para atender plantios de viveiros de novos cultivares, agilizando, assim, a inserção dos cultivares em áreas de viveiros e, posteriormente, em áreas comerciais. Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a melhor estratégia de irrigação (E) para atender às necessidades hídricas das mudas recém-plantadas de cana-de-açúcar provenientes do processo de biofábrica, com diferentes volumes de substrato (VS). A variedade estudada foi a RB93509. O sistema de irrigação utilizado foi o tipo de gotejamento, e as estratégias de irrigação (E) foram determinadas com base na evapotranspiração acumulada (EToAc) dentro da estufa, com separação em duas condições iniciais: lâminas de irrigação após plantio e mantidas em solo seco após plantio, até a primeira lâmina pré-determinada. Com isso, a umidade do solo em E1 foi mantida na capacidade de campo através da tensiometria por todo experimento; E2, E3 e E4 receberam a lâmina inicial de irrigação inicial de 30 mm; e E5, E6, E7 e E8 mantidas inicialmente em solo seco até a sua primeira lâmina de 30 mm para diferentes intervalos de EToAc. Essa lâmina foi adotada, uma vez que na grande maioria das usinas de cana-de-açúcar o sistema de irrigação predominante é o carretel enrolado. Através deste sistema a lâmina mínima recomendada para garantir umidade em profundidade e uniformidade da área é de 30 mm. O segundo fator de variação foi o volume de substrato (VS) com que as mudas foram transplantadas, sendo: 125 cm³, 93 cm³, 73 cm³ e 56 cm³. Deste modo, combinando as 8 estratégias de irrigação e os 4 volumes de substratos, obteve-se 32 tratamentos implementados com três repetições casualizadas em 3 blocos, totalizando 96 parcelas experimentais. Observam-se diferenças significativas para as diversas estratégias de irrigação implementadas em todas as características avaliadas. Por outro lado, para o fator volume de substrato (VS) não houve nível de significância na maioria das características avaliadas. Considerando-se a característica \"porcentual de plantas mortas\" como informação fundamental para a garantia do stand do viveiro, observou-se que as lâminas de irrigação de 30 mm não devem ocorrer em intervalos superiores a 30 mm de EToAc, pois apenas E1 e E2 garantiram 100% de sobrevivência e E5, com exceção do VS 56 cm³, apresentou uma taxa de 50% de plantas mortas.
The Brazilian sugarcane sector has been facing low indices of productivity in their fields. There are some factors correlated to this issue, such as the slow process to increase new sugarcane cultivars on commercial areas, due to the lack of information related to the new cultivars and mainly because of the few strategies adopted to input and multiply the vegetative material from the new cultivars. Thus, through the utilization of micropropagation process by means of the extraction of apical meristem from the cultivar of interest and utilization of biofactory multiplying methods it is possible to reach an amount of new sugarcane seedlings to provide the nurseries with new cultivars, improving therewith the insertion of cultivars. This work aimed at checking the best irrigation strategy (E) to supply water needs of sugarcane seedlings recently planted from the biofactory process with different substrate volumes (VS).The variety used was the RB93509. The irrigation system used was the dripping system and the irrigation strategies were established based on periods of cumulative reference evapotranspiration (EToAc) inside the greenhouse separated in two different initial conditions: initial irrigation after planting and kept on dry soils up to the first predetermined irrigation. Therewith, the soil moisture on E1 was kept on soil available water capacity by the tensiometry throughout the experiment; E2, E3, E4 were supplied by an initial irrigation with 30 mm, and E5, E6, E7 and E8 were kept initially on dry soil, up to the first irrigation with 30 mm in different intervals of EToAc. Such amount of water was chosen, because the majority of sugarcane mills (growers) have a water reel travelling sprinkler as a predominant irrigation system. Using this system, 30 mm is the minimum of water recommended to guarantee depth moisture and uniformity of the planting area. The second variation factor was the substrate volume (VS) in which the seedlings were transplanted: 125 cm³, 93 cm³, 73 cm³ and 56 cm³. So, crossing 8 irrigation strategies and 4 substrates volumes, 32 treatments with repetition randomized in three blocks (a total of 96 plots) were obtained. It was observed statistical difference concerning the irrigation strategy factor for all assessed characteristics. On the other hand the VS factor did not show any statistical difference for the majority of assessed characteristics. Considering the percentage of dead seedlings, as fundamental information to warranty 100% of nurseries stand, it was observed that the irrigation supplement (30 mm) must not occur at intervals above 30 mm of EtoAc, once only E1 and E2 reached 100% of seedlings survival, and E5 (except for VS 56 cm³) resulted in 50% of seedlings death rate.

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Roque, Antoniane Arantes de Oliveira. "Controle de trafego em area cultivada com cana-de-açucar." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256924.

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Orientador: Zigomar Menezes de Souza
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
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Resumo: Com a adoção da colheita mecanizada no sistema de manejo da cana-de-açúcar, surge a preocupação da compactação do solo e seus efeitos danosos nos atributos físicos do solo, com reflexos na produtividade da cultura. Uma recente técnica de manejo da mecanização agrícola denominada controle de tráfego representa uma alternativa para o cultivo de cana-de-açúcar, pois separa as zonas de tráfego daquelas em que há crescimento das plantas, concentrando a passagem de pneus em linhas delimitadas, podendo diminuir substancialmente a compactação do solo. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar o efeito do controle de tráfego em áreas cultivadas com cana-de-açúcar na compactação do solo, no sistema de cana colhida mecanicamente sem queima (cana crua). O projeto foi desenvolvido em área cultivada com cana-de-açúcar com os seguintes tratamentos: 1- cana-de-açúcar com colheita mecanizada tradicional; 2- cana-de-açúcar com controle de tráfego - aumento de bitola; 3- cana-de-açúcar com controle de tráfego - aumento de bitola e piloto automático. Os atributos físico-hídricos do solo avaliados foram: análise granulométrica, densidade do solo, estabilidade de agregados, porosidade do solo, resistência do solo à penetração, teor de matéria orgânica, curva de retenção e intervalo hídrico ótimo nas profundidades de 0,00-0,10 m, 0,10-0,20 m e 0,20-0,30 m, em diferentes locais de coleta das amostras. O trabalho foi realizado dentro de um experimento trifatorial, com parcelas subsubdivididas no delineamento em blocos ao acaso. Os efeitos positivos devido ao uso do controle de tráfego em áreas cultivadas com cana-de-açúcar não foram identificados, conforme esperado pela hipótese deste trabalho. Verificou-se aumento da densidade do solo e diminuição do diâmetro médio ponderado, diâmetro médio geométrico e porcentagem de agregados > 2,0 mm, tanto em profundidade como da linha de plantio em direção ao rodado do trator. Os valores de macroporosidade diminuíram da linha de plantio em direção ao rodado e a microporosidade apresentou resultados inversos. As curvas de retenção de água demonstraram um aumento da disponibilidade de água em profundidade. O intervalo hídrico ótimo permitiu verificar que os manejos com controle de tráfego apresentaram uma melhor disponibilidade de água às culturas. Não se obteve diferença significativa entre as produtividades tanto entre manejos como entre anos
Abstract: The adoption of mechanized harvesting associated to the sugar cane handling system generates ground compaction which affects soil physical attributes and consequently crop productivity. The recent handling technique named traffic control is viewed as an alternative for sugar cane mechanization, in which traffic space is separated from plant growing spaces, concentrating the tires path in delimited lines, being able provide significant reduction of soil compactation. The present work had the objective of studying the effect of traffic control in areas cultivated with sugar cane supported by mechanical harvesting system with no straw burning practice (raw sugar cane). The project was developed in area cultivated with sugar cane including the following treatments: 1 - sugar cane with traditional mechanized harvesting; 2 - sugar cane with traffic control - augmented span; 3 - sugar cane with traffic control - augmented span and automatic driving. The evaluated soil physical-hydrological attributes included: grain sized analysis, soil density, aggregate stability, soil porosity, soil resistance topenetration, organic matter content, substances retention curves and optimal hydrological interval at the depths of 0.00-0.10 m, 0.10-0.20 m and 0.20-0.30 m, at different places of sample collection. The research work was carried under a tri-factorial experimental design, with parcels subdivided into random block-type delineation. The positive effects of traffic control in areas cultivated with sugar cane were not been identified, as it was expected and stated in the hypothesis of this research work. Increasing soil density and reduction of the weighed average particle diameter was verified, geometric average particle diameter and percentage of aggregates > 2.0 mm, in depth as well as on tractor tire path. Macroporosity values showed lower values on tractor tire path on the plantation line and microporosity presented inverse results. Water retention curves had demonstrated increasing values of available water at increasing depth values. The minimum limiting water range allowed verifying that the management systems with traffic control had presented better water availability to sugar cane crop. Significant productivity differences between management systems and growing years had not been observed
Mestrado
Agua e Solo
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola

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Gioia, Máila Terra [UNESP]. "Produtividade e qualidade da cana soca correlacionadas com atributos físico-químicos de um argissolo vermelho distrófico do noroeste paulista." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98637.

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Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
A cana-de-açúcar tem importância incontestável no Brasil, tanto por ser matéria-prima para a produção de etanol e açúcar, como para o seqüestro de carbono atmosférico mundial. A correta intervenção espacial na administração da lavoura, decorrente das zonas específicas de manejo do solo, aumenta sua produtividade e a lucratividade agrícola. No ano de 2010, em Suzanapólis, estado de São Paulo, Brasil (20°27’ lat. S; 51°08’ lon. W) foram empregadas correlações, de Pearson e espaciais, entre atributos da cana-de-açúcar e alguns atributos físico-químicos do solo, visando encontrar aquele que pudesse definir zonas específicas de manejo do solo. Para tanto, instalou-se a malha irregular para a coleta de dados do solo e da planta, numa área 10,5 ha, num talhão contendo a variedade de cana-de-açúcar RB 85 5453, no terceiro corte e bisada. Nela foram alocados aleatoriamente 118 pontos amostrais georreferenciados, de forma a cobri-la amplamente, num ARGISSOLO VERMELHO Distrófico (Typic Tropudult). Os atributos da planta foram a produtividade de plantas, a população de plantas, os açúcares totais recuperáveis e o percentual de sólidos solúveis, de sacarose, de pureza e de fibras. Enquanto que os do solo foram o teor e o estoque de carbono orgânico, a densidade global, a resistência à penetração, a umidade gravimétrica e volumétrica, a macroporosidade, a microporosidade e a porosidade total do solo. Dessa forma, para obtenção de máxima produtividade, para a variedade pesquisada, a população de plantas ideal é 16 plantas por metro. O teor de carbono orgânico e o seu estoque, por terem apresentado apreciáveis correlações lineares e espaciais de forma direta com a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar, revelaram-se como atributos potencialmente aptos para a definição de duas zonas específicas...
Sugar cane is nowadays very important for Brazil as it is the raw material for the ethanol and sugar production, and also because it contributes to the sequestration of the world atmospheric carbon. The correct spatial intervention in the crop management, as a consequence of specific management zones of the soil, increases both soil productivity and yields. In 2010, Pearson and spatial correlations for sugar cane attributes and for some physical and chemical soil attributes were used, in Suzanápolis, São Paulo state, Brazil (20°27’ S; 51°08’ W), aiming at finding the one that would allow the definition of specific management zones of the soil. In order to achieve that, an irregular grid for collecting soil and plant data was installed in an area 10.5 ha, in a lot where the sugar cane variety RB 85 5453 had been growing, at the third cut and 24th month. 118 georeferenced sampling spots were randomly determined in order to cover all the area in a Typic Tropudult. The plant attributes were stems productivity, plants population, recoverable total sugars and soluble solids percentage, of sucrose, of purity and of fibers. Whereas the soil attributes were organic carbon level and stock, bulk density, penetration resistance, gravimetric and volumetric water contents, macroporosity, microporosity and total porosity. Therefore, in order to achieve maximum productivity, for the studied variety, the ideal plants population is of 16 plants per meter. The organic carbon level and stock proved to be potentially efficient attributes when it comes to defining two specific management zones of the soil, as some remarkable linear and spatial correlations were observed to be strongly linked to sugar cane productivity. In these zones, the sugar cane productivity varied from... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Li, Meng. "Relationships between body mass index of adolescents and consumption of fast food and sugar soda." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527390.

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Barbieri, Diogo Mazza [UNESP]. "Atributos físicos, químicos e mineralógicos de um Latossolo Vermelho Eutroférrico sob dois sistemas de colheita de cana-de-açúcar." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105287.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Usina São Domingos Acucar e Alcool S/A
A cana-de-açúcar aparece atualmente no cenário agrícola brasileiro como uma das principais culturas, apresentando-se em grande expansão não somente no Estado de São Paulo, mas também em vários outros estados brasileiros. Devido a esta expansão e a leis federais que regularizam o fim das queimadas nos canaviais, a colheita da cana-de-açúcar vem passando por um momento de transição, deixando de ser realizada de forma manual e com queima do canavial (cana queimada) e passando a ser colhida com máquina e sem queima (cana crua). Com a mudança na forma de colheita uma grande quantidade de palha tem sido deixada sobre o solo, criando no pedoambiente condições que podem causar alterações nas propriedades químicas, físicas e até mesmo nos óxidos de ferro, que são considerados atributos do solo estáveis por longo tempo. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar as variações dos atributos químicos, físicos e mineralógicos do solo submetido a dois diferentes tipos de colheita de cana-de-açúcar e determinar a variabilidade espacial destes atributos do solo em áreas de colheita de cana crua e cana queimada. Duas parcelas de aproximadamente um hectare cada foram delimitadas em áreas com cana crua e cana queimada. Foram retiradas, em cada área, amostras de solos em 126 pontos, nas profundidades de 0,0-0,25 e 0,25-0,50 m. As amostras foram submetidas às análises químicas, físicas e mineralógicas. Na profundidade de 0,0-0,25 m foram escolhidos 20 pontos em cada área, os quais foram submetidos à análise do grau de humificação da matéria orgânica do solo. Os resultados das análises foram submetidos às análises da estatística descritiva com teste de comparação de médias, à análise estatística multivariada de agrupamentos e ainda à análise de componentes principais. Posteriormente foram realizadas análises geoestatísticas, obtendo-se...
The sugarcane currently appears in the agricultural scenario as one of the main crops, performing in expansion not only in the state of São Paulo, but also in another several states. Duo to this expansion and the federal laws that regulate the end of fire in the cane fields, the sugarcane harvest is going through a transition moment, ceasing to be held manually and with fire in the fields (burnt cane) and going to be harvested with machinery and without fire (green cane). With the change in the way of harvesting, a large amount of cane straw has been left on the soil surface, creating a new pedoenvironment, which has caused changes in the chemical, physical and even in iron oxides, which are considered stable attributes of the soil for a long time. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the variations in the chemical, physical and mineralogical properties of the soil subjected to two different types of harvesting sugar cane and determine the spatial variability of soil properties in areas of green cane harvesting and burnt cane. Two parcels of approximately one hectare each were defined in areas with green cane and burnt cane. Were taken in each area, soil samples at 126 points in the depths of 0.0-0.25 and 0.25-0.50 m. Those samples were subjected to chemical, physical and mineralogical properties analysis. At a depth of 0.0 to 0.25 m were chosen 20 points in each area, which were subjected to analysis of the degree of humification of soil organic matter. The analysis results were submitted to analysis of descriptive statistics with comparison of means test, the multivariate statistical analysis of clusters and also the principal component analysis. Geostatistical analysis were, thus obtaining the spatial dependence, semivariograms and kriging maps of the attributes studied. To analyze the correlation between the attributes, crossed semivariograms were constructed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Sengwana, Manyeke Jeani. "Diarrhoea management in primary health care facilities in the Cape metropole region: the caregivers' perspective." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4594.

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Master of Public Health - MPH
This mini-thesis, assessed the use of ORT as a treatment for childhood diarrhoea in primary health care facilities in the Cape Metropole from the caregivers' perspective. Awareness and knowledge of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) and the preparation abilities of sugar salt solution (SSS) by caregivers of children younger than 5 years attending the health facilities were assessed. The availability of resources and utensils for the use of ORS packets and SSS and the accessibility to health facilities by caregivers were also determined. Using a cross sectional descriptive study design, a baseline situation review was carried out. Primary health care facilities in three heath districts namely; Khayelitsha, Nyanga and Oostenberg were purposely selected. Ninety-two caregivers in 12 facilities participated in the study. Basic analyses of quantitative data were done using Epi-Info 2002 software. Qualitative data were analysed manually. The study found that according to caregivers, all facilities used ORS packets as their immediate treatment for uncomplicated diarrhoea, and recommended sugar salt Diarrhoea Management in PHC Facilities solution as home treatment. Ninety-one percent of caregivers used ORT at home before they presented to the health facility.Of the caregivers who were advised by the health worker to use SSS at home, 60.7%, 55.8% and 60.2% in Oostenberg, Khayelitsha and Nyanga districts respectively remembered the correct ingredients and quantities to make the solution at home. Of those given ORS packets, 94.5%, 99.0% and 98.5% respectively, remembered the quantity of water to be mixed with each packet. Packets were found to be convenient and were preferred by many caregivers as compared to SSS. The advice or health education messages given to caregivers were often unclear, and there were language barriers in Brighton and Bloekombos clinics in the Oostenberg district. A litre bottle was available in 47% of caregivers' homes, 82 % had a teaspoon and all of them had access to running water. Twelve percent and 11 % admitted to not having sugar and salt respectively when they wanted to make SSS. Eighty-eight percent walked to the health facility and 12% used taxis or buses. The study concludes that ORT is widely used in primary health care facilities for diarrhoeal disease treatment, however caregiver's knowledge and preparation abilities of SSS is still limited. The resources and utensils to prepare ORT at home were fairly available in many homes, which makes SSS preparation at home feasible and acceptable.

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13

Gioia, Máila Terra. "Produtividade e qualidade da cana soca correlacionadas com atributos físico-químicos de um argissolo vermelho distrófico do noroeste paulista /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98637.

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Orientador: Morel de Passos e Carvalho
Banca: Rafael Montanari
Banca: Marcelo Andreotti
Resumo: A cana-de-açúcar tem importância incontestável no Brasil, tanto por ser matéria-prima para a produção de etanol e açúcar, como para o seqüestro de carbono atmosférico mundial. A correta intervenção espacial na administração da lavoura, decorrente das zonas específicas de manejo do solo, aumenta sua produtividade e a lucratividade agrícola. No ano de 2010, em Suzanapólis, estado de São Paulo, Brasil (20°27' lat. S; 51°08' lon. W) foram empregadas correlações, de Pearson e espaciais, entre atributos da cana-de-açúcar e alguns atributos físico-químicos do solo, visando encontrar aquele que pudesse definir zonas específicas de manejo do solo. Para tanto, instalou-se a malha irregular para a coleta de dados do solo e da planta, numa área 10,5 ha, num talhão contendo a variedade de cana-de-açúcar RB 85 5453, no terceiro corte e bisada. Nela foram alocados aleatoriamente 118 pontos amostrais georreferenciados, de forma a cobri-la amplamente, num ARGISSOLO VERMELHO Distrófico (Typic Tropudult). Os atributos da planta foram a produtividade de plantas, a população de plantas, os açúcares totais recuperáveis e o percentual de sólidos solúveis, de sacarose, de pureza e de fibras. Enquanto que os do solo foram o teor e o estoque de carbono orgânico, a densidade global, a resistência à penetração, a umidade gravimétrica e volumétrica, a macroporosidade, a microporosidade e a porosidade total do solo. Dessa forma, para obtenção de máxima produtividade, para a variedade pesquisada, a população de plantas ideal é 16 plantas por metro. O teor de carbono orgânico e o seu estoque, por terem apresentado apreciáveis correlações lineares e espaciais de forma direta com a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar, revelaram-se como atributos potencialmente aptos para a definição de duas zonas específicas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Sugar cane is nowadays very important for Brazil as it is the raw material for the ethanol and sugar production, and also because it contributes to the sequestration of the world atmospheric carbon. The correct spatial intervention in the crop management, as a consequence of specific management zones of the soil, increases both soil productivity and yields. In 2010, Pearson and spatial correlations for sugar cane attributes and for some physical and chemical soil attributes were used, in Suzanápolis, São Paulo state, Brazil (20°27' S; 51°08' W), aiming at finding the one that would allow the definition of specific management zones of the soil. In order to achieve that, an irregular grid for collecting soil and plant data was installed in an area 10.5 ha, in a lot where the sugar cane variety RB 85 5453 had been growing, at the third cut and 24th month. 118 georeferenced sampling spots were randomly determined in order to cover all the area in a Typic Tropudult. The plant attributes were stems productivity, plants population, recoverable total sugars and soluble solids percentage, of sucrose, of purity and of fibers. Whereas the soil attributes were organic carbon level and stock, bulk density, penetration resistance, gravimetric and volumetric water contents, macroporosity, microporosity and total porosity. Therefore, in order to achieve maximum productivity, for the studied variety, the ideal plants population is of 16 plants per meter. The organic carbon level and stock proved to be potentially efficient attributes when it comes to defining two specific management zones of the soil, as some remarkable linear and spatial correlations were observed to be strongly linked to sugar cane productivity. In these zones, the sugar cane productivity varied from... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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14

Panosso, Alan Rodrigo. "Variabilidade espacial da emissão de CO2, temperatura e umidade em latossolo sob cultivo de cana-de-açúcar em sistemas de colheita manual com queima e mecanizada /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88280.

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Resumo: A caracterizacao da variabilidade espacial de atributos do solo de areas agricolas e uma tarefa importante, pois somada a influencia dos aspectos pedologicos temos uma grande contribuicao do manejo. Neste trabalho foi determinada a estrutura da variabilidade espacial da emissao de CO2, temperatura e umidade em Latossolo Vermelho eutroferrico em tres localidades sob cultivo da cana-de-acucar em sistemas de manejos de cana crua e de cana queimada, no nordeste do Estado de Sao Paulo. As maiores emissoes foram observadas no local sob manejo de cana queimada, num valor medio de 2,05 Êmol m-2 s-1, porem dependencia espacial na emissao de CO2 foi encontrada somente nas areas sob manejo de cana crua. Os modelos de semivariancia foram exponenciais, esfericos e gaussianos sendo a dependencia espacial classificada como forte ou moderada em todos os casos. Os mapas de krigagem da emissao de CO2, temperatura e umidade do solo sob manejo de cana queimada mostraram correspondencia a declividade do terreno, com as maiores emissoes e temperaturas e menores umidades localizadas na parte mais alta do local estudado. Os resultados indicaram correlacao linear entre a emissao de CO2 com a temperatura e com a umidade do solo somente no local com manejo de cana queimada, e nao no sistema de cana crua, onde a presenca de palhada na superficie certamente impede a acao direta da radiacao solar e o escoamento de chuvas.
Abstract: The characterization of spatial variability in agricultural soils is an important task, because added to the pedological aspects the soil management also influences such variability. In this work the spatial variability structure of a bare Dark Red Latosol CO2 emission, temperature and moisture were determined in three locations used with sugar cane crop culture, submitted to slash and burn or no till management systems in northeastern of Sao Paulo State. The highest emissions were observed in the slash and burn plot, with mean value of 2,05 Êmol m-2 s-1, but no spatial variability structure was seen for the CO2 emission in this plot. The variability models were exponential, spherical and gaussian, being the spatial dependence classified as strong and moderate in all the cases. In the slash and burn system, the kriging maps of soil CO2 emission, temperature and moisture had shown similarities to the land declivity, with the higher emissions and temperatures and the lower moisture values located in the highest parts of the studied place. The results indicated linear correlation between soil emission with temperature and moisture only in the slash and burn plot, and not in the no-till plots where crop residues were left in soil surface and certainly modified the direct action of the solar radiation and the rain draining.
Orientador: Newton La Scala Júnior
Coorientador: Gener Tadeu Pereira
Banca: José Marques Júnior
Banca: Marisa de Cássia Piccolo
Mestre

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Van, Zyl J. (Jacques). "Occurrence, biology, damage potential and management of Heterodera Schachtii (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) in small-scale farming in the Western Cape Province, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53533.

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Thesis (PhD (Agric))--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: During a survey in the greater Cape Flats Heterodera schachtii was found to be widespread on cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, beetroot and cabbage. The numbers present were above two eggs and juveniles per gram of soil, generally regarded as the economic threshhold level of infestation and requiring control. The damage potential of H schachtii on vegetables, as well as the ability of certain weeds to serve as a source of infection on subsequent crop plantings was studied under greenhouse conditions and resulted in a reduction of yield and root weight of crops. Population densities of H schachtii increased significantly under favourable hosts like cabbage where densities of 198 eggs and juveniles per gram of soil were reached. The most commonly occurring weeds maintained nematode development and increased their population densities. They can thus serve as alternative hosts in the absence of susceptible hosts and should be routinely controlled. The life cycle and biology of H schachtii was also studied. Penetration of plant tissue and subsequent development on vegetables, weeds and trap crops were observed. Penetration was successful on all crops tested reaching 37% and 52% at inoculum levels of 22 and 11 juveniles per gram of soil, respectively. Subsequent development of H schachtii on weeds and vegetables was similar, but in the case of cauliflower and black nightshade as hosts, their life cycle was shorter in comparison to other crops. The possible existence of varying susceptibility of crops to different populations of H schachtii was examined by comparing the rates of penetration in crops and reproduction of geographically isolated populations of H schachtii in the greater Cape Flats. When root penetration, virulence and juvenile emergence were examined, populations from Lynedoch and Philippi were distinct from the other populations. Subsequently, representative individuals of these populations were subjected to PCR-RFLP, but with these techniques real differences between the various populations could not be adequately detected. The environmental parameters such as soil texture, temperature and pH on H schachtii were investigated as to their influence on the root weight and yield of crops. Reductions in the yield of beetroot and cabbage were observed with soil temperatures ranging between 15 to 30°C. Migration and penetration of H schachtii juveniles declined with an increase in clay and silt content of the soil. Above a 34% silt and clay content of soil, no migration and penetration took place. Root penetration levels of 30% and higher were reached with pH varying between 4.5 and 7.4. This resulted in a significant reduction in yield of crops. Crop rotation is an essential component of non-chemical control. In the case of H schachtii, it required one host crop in four non-host rotational cycles to maintain the population of the nematode in the soilless than three eggs and juveniles per gram of soil. The inclusion of a trap crop reduced the population densities to below two eggs and juveniles per gram of soil. It therefore also forms an integral part of a control strategy. Solarization proved successful as a physical control method. Best results were obtained in summer with clear polyethylene which led to a 97% reduction of infective juveniles. This method can be applied during the late summer in the greater Cape Flats, just before the onset of winter. This may safeguard future spring plantings. The need for effective control strategies in order to reduce the numbers of H schachtii is of the utmost importance to ensure vegetable production in the future. Small-scale farmers should therefore be educated in this respect.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Heterodera schachtii het wydverspreid in 'n opname in die groter Kaapse Vlakte voorgekom op beet, blomkool, Brusselse spruite en kopkool. Die nematode getalle by alle lokaliteite was bo die algemeen aanvaarbare ekonomiese drempelwaarde van twee eiers en larwes per gram grond wat beheer regverdig. Die skadepotensiaal van H schachtii op groente, sowel as die vermoë van sekere onkruide om as infeksie bronne te dien vir opvolgende gewasse, is in glashuise ondersoek en het tot 'n verlaging in opbrengs en wortelmassa by gashere gelei. Die populasie digthede van H schachtii het met die aanplant van geskikte gashere tot vlakke van 198 eiers en larvae per gram grond gestyg. Die mees algemeen voorkomende gasheeronkruide het nematode ontwikkeling in stand gehou en selfs tot 'n populasie verhoging gelei. Hierdie onkruide is 'n beperkende faktor vir die verbouing van groente aangesien die onkruide as alternatiewe gasheer kan dien in die afwesigheid van gashere en onkruidbeheer moet dus op 'n gereelde basis toegepas word. Die lewenssiklus en biologie van H schachtii is ondersoek deurdat die penetrasie van gasheer wortels en die daaropvolgende ontwikkeling op groente, onkruide en vanggewasse vergelyk is. Penetrasie, vyf dae na inokulasie, is met alle gashere verkry met 37% en 52% penetrasie met inokulum vlakke van 22 en 11 larwes per gram grond onderskeidelik. Daaropvolgende ontwikkeling van H schachtii was soortgelyk op groente en onkruide, maar blomkool en nastergal het as gashere 'n verkorte lewenssiklus tot gevolg gehad. Die moontlikheid van verskille in die virulensie van H schachtii is ondersoek deur die penetrasie van gewasse en reproduksie vlakke van nematodes van nege verskillende geografies geskeide populasies in the groter Kaapse Vlakte te vergelyk. Die Lynedoch en Philippi populasies het onderskeibare resultate gelewer ten opsigte van die populasies uit die ander lokaliteite, maar geen verskille kon met PKR-RFLP aangetoon word nie. Die invloed van omgewings parameters, grondtekstuur, temperatuur en pH, is op H schachtii ondersoek ten opsigte van opbrengste en wortelmassa van gewasse. Grondtemperature tussen 15°C - 30°C het tot die grootste daling in opbrengs gelei op kopkool en beet. Migrasie en penetrasie het afgeneem met 'n toename in klei en slik inhoud tot en met 'n klei en slik inhoud van 34%, waarna geen penetrasie en migrasie voorgekom het nie. Wortelpenetrasie van 30% en hoër het voorgekom by pH vlakke van tussen 4.5 - 7.4 met die gepaardgaande verlaging in opbrengs van gewasse. Afwisseling van gewasse is 'n essensiële metode van nie-chemiese beheer van nematode getalle in die grond. Die mees optimale rotasie ten opsigte van H schachtii beheer is met die aanplanting van een gasheer gewas in vier gewas aanplantings verkry. Die insluiting van 'n vanggewas in die gewas rotasie siklus het die nematode populasievlakke tot onder twee per gram grond laat daal. Solarisasie is suksesvol uitgevoer met deurskynende poli-etileen in die groter Kaapse Vlakte gedurende die somer met gevolglik 'n 97% vermindering van die getalle infektiewe nematodes. Effektiewe beheermaatreëls ten opsigte van H schachtii moet in die groter Kaapse Vlakte ingestel word om groente-produksie in hierdie gebied te verseker. Kleinboere moet in hierdie tegnieke opgelei word.

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Garcia, Tatiane da Silveira. "Relação entre usos e manejo e propriedades físicas de um latossolo vermelho distrófico no município de Ituiutaba (MG)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5591.

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The soils are important natural elements of the landscape composition. However, it is one of the most degraded resources by society due to the type of occupation, use and management. In this sense, the intensive cultivation of the soil changes its physical, chemical and biological properties, which impacts directly on their productivity. Thus, determine the physical and chemical quality of the soil, through physical and chemical characteristics, its important in the deployment of appropriate use and management; this contributes not only to productivity, but also in the preservation of many natural qualities of the soil, achieved over its evolution. So, its rational to use geography knowledge, soil science or other sciences as management tools for use/occupation and management mainly on local and regional, respecting the areas of environmental conservation interest and the necessary conditions for the life of flora and terrestrial fauna populations. In addition, the study of land use evolution wa done by using methodological bases, developed by IBGE and presented in the technical manual of land use, 2006. The present work proposed, alsol, to evaluate the relationship between soil use and management with its physical characteristics such as texture, density, porosity, air space, water retention and movement in the soil and chemical characteristics such as pH, organic matter and nutrients, based on “Methods of Soil Analysis Manual”, published by EMBRAPA, in 1997. In areas cultivated with sugar cane and pasture, comparing them to areas under native vegetation, on an Oxisoil of Ituiutaba municipality(MG). The analysis of variance indicated no significant difference in hydraulic conductivity values and on other indicators of water movement in the soil. The degradation detected in the use and soil management should be more due to the level of technology used in soil management than in respect to types of use. It is suggested , as future work , to assess these characteristics in areas with longer use, especially with sugar. cane
Os solos são importantes elementos naturais na composição das paisagens. No entanto, é um dos recursos muito degradado pela sociedade devido ao tipo de ocupação, uso e manejo utilizados. Neste sentido, o cultivo intensivo do solo altera suas propriedades físicas, químicas e biológicas, o que influencia diretamente em sua produtividade. Assim, determinar a qualidade física e química do solo, por meio de características físicas e químicas, é de fundamental importância na implantação de usos e manejos mais apropriados; isto contribui não somente para aumentar a produtividade, mas, também, para a preservação das inúmeras qualidades naturais do solo, alcançadas ao longo de sua evolução. Por isso, é recomendável utilizar conhecimentos de Geografia, Pedologia ou outras ciências como instrumentos de gerenciamento do uso/ocupação e manejo, principalmente no âmbito local e regional, respeitando-se as áreas de interesse de preservação ambiental e as condições necessárias para a vida das populações da flora e da fauna terrestre. Além da evolução do uso da terra, utilizando-se bases metodológicas elaboradas pelo IBGE e apresentadas no Manual técnico de uso da terra, de 2006, no presente trabalho foi proposto, ainda, avaliar a relação do uso e manejo do solo através de suas características físicas, como textura, densidade, porosidade, espaço de aeração, retenção e movimento de água no solo e de características químicas como pH, matéria orgânica e nutrientes, com base no Manual de Métodos de Análise de Solo, publicado pela EMBRAPA, em 1997, em áreas cultivadas com cana-de-açúcar e sob pastagem, comparando-as com áreas sob vegetação natural, num Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico do município de Ituiutaba (MG). As áreas sob pastagem apresentaram uma maior densidade do solo, indicando compactação pelo pisoteio bovino. A análise da variância não detectou diferença significativa na condutividade hidráulica saturada e nos outros valores que medem o movimento de água no solo. A degradação detectada no uso e manejo do solo, deve-se mais ao grau de tecnologia utilizada no manejo do solo do que aos tipos de uso. Sugere-se, como trabalhos futuros, avaliar tais características em áreas com maior tempo de utilização, principalmente, com cana-de-açúcar.

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Campos, Fabiana da Silva de [UNESP]. "Impactos de sistemas de cultivo, extrato húmico e adubos orgânico e mineral sobre alguns atributos físicos e químicos de um latossolo, cultivado com cana-de-açúcar." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106192.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de sistemas de cultivo, extrato húmico e adubos orgânico e mineral sobre alguns atributos físicos e químicos de um Latossolo Vermelho e, sobre algumas características fenológicas e qualidade tecnológica da cana-de-açúcar. Foi desenvolvido em Aparecida do Taboado, MS, em área da Usina Alcoolvale, nos anos agrícolas 2006/07 e 2007/08, sendo cana de 2ª e 3ª socas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, num esquema em parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos nas parcelas principais foram representados pelos sistemas de cultivo com e sem tríplice operação (com e sem a haste escarificadora) e nas subparcelas as adubações (T1-mineral, T2-mineral+torta de filtro, T3- mineral+extrato húmico (ácidos húmicos e fúlvicos) e T4- mineral, torta de filtro e extrato húmico (Humitec®). Em três camadas do solo: 0,00-0,05; 0,10-0,20 e de 0,20-0,40 m foram estudados os atributos físicos do solo: granulometria; porosidade do solo; densidade do solo; distribuição e estabilidade dos agregados em água. Também foram estudados os atributos químicos: P, K, Ca, Mg, MO, pH, CTC, H+Al, Al, SB e V %. Paralelamente foram avaliadas as características fenológicas: número de perfilhos, altura e diâmetro de colmos, produtividade de colmos. Além da análise tecnológica (Brix, Pol do caldo, Pureza, AR do caldo, AR da cana, Pol da cana, Fibra da cana e ATR) da cana-de-açúcar. Conclui-se que: A combinação da adubação mineral+torta de filtro+extrato húmico com o sistema de cultivo, utilizando haste escarificadora, foi mais eficaz na melhoria dos atributos físicos do solo; o sistema de cultivo da cana-soca, nas 2ª e 3ª socas, sem a utilização da haste escarificadora foi melhor na recuperação dos atributos químicos do solo, elevando os teores de P, K, Ca, Mg, SB e CTC; os...
The present work has as objective to study the impact of crop systems, humic extract, organic and mineral fertilizers on some physical and chemical attributes of an Oxisol on some phenological characteristics and technological quality of sugar cane. It was developed in Aparecida do Taboado, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in Usina Alcoolvale, for 2006/07 and 2007/08 crop years, using sugar cane ratton of 2th and 3th cycle. The experimental design was a randomized blocks in split plot with eight treatments and four replications. The two treatments in main plot were represented by cropping systems (with and without chisel) and the subplot by fertilization (T1-mineral, T2-mineral+sugar cane residue, T3-mineral+humic and fulvic acids and T4-mix of mineral, sugar cane residue and humic and fulvic acids). In three soil layers: from 0.00- 0.05, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m were studied some soil physical attributes: texture, soil bulk density, soil porosity, distribution and aggregate stability in water. Also were studied the chemical attributes of soil: P, K, Ca, Mg, OM, pH, CEC, H+Al, Al, sun of bases and bases saturation. They also were evaluated: number of tillers, height and stalk diameter, stalk yield and technological analysis of sugar cane. It is concluded that: The application of mineral fertilizer+sugar cane residue+humic extract (Humitec ®) and cropping system with chisel were more effective in improving soil physical; the system of crop of sugar cane ratton implanted in the 2th and 3th cycle, without the use of chisel was better in the recovery of soil properties, raising the levels of P, K, Ca, Mg, and CEC, sun of basis; the combination of mineral fertilizer+humic extract was less promising in improving the physical and chemical attributes of soil; the system of crop of sugar cane ratton implanted in the 2th and 3th cycle, without the use of chisel was better in the recovery of soil ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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18

Campos, Fabiana da Silva de. "Impactos de sistemas de cultivo, extrato húmico e adubos orgânico e mineral sobre alguns atributos físicos e químicos de um latossolo, cultivado com cana-de-açúcar /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106192.

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Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de sistemas de cultivo, extrato húmico e adubos orgânico e mineral sobre alguns atributos físicos e químicos de um Latossolo Vermelho e, sobre algumas características fenológicas e qualidade tecnológica da cana-de-açúcar. Foi desenvolvido em Aparecida do Taboado, MS, em área da Usina Alcoolvale, nos anos agrícolas 2006/07 e 2007/08, sendo cana de 2ª e 3ª socas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, num esquema em parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos nas parcelas principais foram representados pelos sistemas de cultivo com e sem tríplice operação (com e sem a haste escarificadora) e nas subparcelas as adubações (T1-mineral, T2-mineral+torta de filtro, T3- mineral+extrato húmico (ácidos húmicos e fúlvicos) e T4- mineral, torta de filtro e extrato húmico (Humitec®). Em três camadas do solo: 0,00-0,05; 0,10-0,20 e de 0,20-0,40 m foram estudados os atributos físicos do solo: granulometria; porosidade do solo; densidade do solo; distribuição e estabilidade dos agregados em água. Também foram estudados os atributos químicos: P, K, Ca, Mg, MO, pH, CTC, H+Al, Al, SB e V %. Paralelamente foram avaliadas as características fenológicas: número de perfilhos, altura e diâmetro de colmos, produtividade de colmos. Além da análise tecnológica (Brix, Pol do caldo, Pureza, AR do caldo, AR da cana, Pol da cana, Fibra da cana e ATR) da cana-de-açúcar. Conclui-se que: A combinação da adubação mineral+torta de filtro+extrato húmico com o sistema de cultivo, utilizando haste escarificadora, foi mais eficaz na melhoria dos atributos físicos do solo; o sistema de cultivo da cana-soca, nas 2ª e 3ª socas, sem a utilização da haste escarificadora foi melhor na recuperação dos atributos químicos do solo, elevando os teores de P, K, Ca, Mg, SB e CTC; os ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The present work has as objective to study the impact of crop systems, humic extract, organic and mineral fertilizers on some physical and chemical attributes of an Oxisol on some phenological characteristics and technological quality of sugar cane. It was developed in Aparecida do Taboado, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in Usina Alcoolvale, for 2006/07 and 2007/08 crop years, using sugar cane ratton of 2th and 3th cycle. The experimental design was a randomized blocks in split plot with eight treatments and four replications. The two treatments in main plot were represented by cropping systems (with and without chisel) and the subplot by fertilization (T1-mineral, T2-mineral+sugar cane residue, T3-mineral+humic and fulvic acids and T4-mix of mineral, sugar cane residue and humic and fulvic acids). In three soil layers: from 0.00- 0.05, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m were studied some soil physical attributes: texture, soil bulk density, soil porosity, distribution and aggregate stability in water. Also were studied the chemical attributes of soil: P, K, Ca, Mg, OM, pH, CEC, H+Al, Al, sun of bases and bases saturation. They also were evaluated: number of tillers, height and stalk diameter, stalk yield and technological analysis of sugar cane. It is concluded that: The application of mineral fertilizer+sugar cane residue+humic extract (Humitec ®) and cropping system with chisel were more effective in improving soil physical; the system of crop of sugar cane ratton implanted in the 2th and 3th cycle, without the use of chisel was better in the recovery of soil properties, raising the levels of P, K, Ca, Mg, and CEC, sun of basis; the combination of mineral fertilizer+humic extract was less promising in improving the physical and chemical attributes of soil; the system of crop of sugar cane ratton implanted in the 2th and 3th cycle, without the use of chisel was better in the recovery of soil ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Marlene Cristina Alves
Coorientador: Zigomar Menezes de Souza
Banca: Francisco Maximino Fernandes
Banca: Aguinaldo José Freitas Leal
Banca: Carlos Sérgio Tiritan
Doutor

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Ang, Dexter W. "Designing the Sugar Cane Charcoal Extruder." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32885.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.
"June 2005."
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 32).
The Sugar Cane Charcoal Extruder compresses carbonized sugar cane into charcoal briquettes. that are environmentally-friendly and comparable to wood charcoal in burn performance, cost, and durability. Originally developed in the fall semester of 2004 in the MIT course 2.009, Product Engineering Processes, the extruder is designed for use in Haiti where wood charcoal constitutes up to a seventh of a family's expenditures. For a nation without a widespread electric grid such as Haiti, a locally manufacturable, affordable, and family-operated charcoal extruder is an effective method to introduce alternative energy into the economy. This thesis documents the past developments of the extruder and presents an improved design that is more portable, more robust, and less expensive to build than the original versions. The new design loads the bagasse and binder directly into the feedscrew and compresses the mixture using threads of decreasing pitch. Evaluations of design successes and failures are provided as well as recommendations for future development.
by Dexter W. Ang.
S.B.

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Govinden, Noël. "Intercropping of sugar cane with maize." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4994.

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21

Stolz, Hendrik Nicolaas Petrus. "Invert sugar from sugar cane molasses : a pilot plant study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1986.

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An investigation was done into the recovery of invert sugar from sugar cane molasses. A pilot plant was designed and constructed to evaluate the clarification and separation of molasses to produce invert sugar syrup. The aim of the pilot plant was to prove the process and deliver data so as to facilitate the design and prove the financial viability of a commercial plant. The pilot plant had to process 300 kg/day of molasses. The clarification of molasses by centrifugal separation, a known desludging process, did not produce a product of acceptable quality which could be used in a chromatographic separator. The results were disappointing. The product obtained was also not suitable for dead end pressure filtration. The turbidity remaining after the centrifugal separation also did not respond to a second flocculation process. Conventional settling clarification was investigated. Seven factors that could influence the consolidation and settling of suspended solids in molasses were identified, namely: the age of the diluted molasses, the temperature of the flocculated mixture, the variations across various batches of flocculant, the effect of reaction time of the phosphoric acid, the optimum flocculant dosing concentration, the optimum concentration of the molasses solution and the effect of increasing the acid dosage. The optimum conditions to clarify molasses through settling were found to be: fresh molasses, at 28 Brix and 60°C, allowing 10 min intervals between acidification with 3,75 g (as 100%) phosphoric acid/ kg dry material (assumed equal to Brix) and neutralisation with 5 g (as 100%) caustic/kg dry material (assumed equal to Brix), flocculation with any batch of flocculant 6195, dosed as a 1000 ppm solution. Commercial equipment was evaluated. The pilot plant E-cat clarifier was operated at 300 l/h and a thick sludge formed. The overflow was clear and it could be filtered. The molasses obtained was suitable for chromatographic separation. The recovery of sugars from molasses sludge has economic merit. From the evaluation of centrifugal separation and gravity separation it is clear that gravity separation again is the best method. The sweet-water obtained is consistent within the clarity requirement of 10 NTU/Brix and can be used to dilute raw molasses in the upstream processing step. The clarification process that was developed is patented. [Bekker, Stolz et.al. (2001)] A sugar recovery of 93.9 mass % at a purity of 99.7 mass % from molasses, was achieved using a simulated moving bed, ion exclusion, pilot plant. The operating conditions for this performance were: feed flow at 14 l/h and at a temperature above 60 °C; water flow at 63 l/h and at a temperature above 65 °C; extract flow at 21 l/h; raffinate flow at 56 l/h; loop flow at 78 l/h and step time at 1326 seconds. This relates to the following bed volumes of the various separation zones: Bed Volume Zone 1 = 0.694; Bed Volume Zone 2 = 0.591; Bed Volume Zone 3 = 0.661; Bed Volume Zone 4 = 0.383. There is a trade-off between purity and recovery and a reduction in water usage. A preliminary environmental impact assessment and conceptual mass balance were done. The proposed plant integrates well into the existing Komati Mill of TSB and does not pose any significant environmental threat. The plant requires certain services from the mill. The mass balance investigated the water and steam consumption of the plant. Process integration was done so as to obtain the optimum utility consumption. The utility consumption of the plant does not exceed the capacity available at the mill. A small boiler is however required to produce steam during the annual mill maintenance period. Various techniques were used in a cost estimation for the invert sugar plant. The internal rate of return (IRR) is 42% for a fixed capital investment of R94,270,000.00. The net return rate (NRR) for the project is 4%/year, the net present value (NPV) - discounted at a 30% cost-of-capital is R41,782,000.00. The net payout time (NPT) is 5.207 years. The project fulfils the financial requirements set by TSB. It is now possible and viable to desugarize cane molasses.

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Buchanan, Vernon Everett. "Surface Engineering of Sugar Cane Mill Rollers." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489965.

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There has been renewed interest in recent years to address the coating of sugarcane mill rollers, due to the advancement in the development of welding electrodes and wires for surfacing and the need to improve the productivity and extraction of 'Ul!!urcane juice. The aim ofthis study is to evaluate and compare the performance of .hlclded metal arc welding (SMAW) overlays with an experimental arc sprayed. ''(luting in order to identify an alternative process that performs equally or better than SMAW in terms of abrasive wear performance under specific environment. The ~,udy focussed on three main areas: solidification and microstructure, abrasive wear, hud corrosion. The SMAW and arc sprayed coatings were deposited using Fe-Cr-C electrodes amt ,m experimental Fe-Cr-B wire, respectively. Friction and abrasive wear tests Wlrt conducted using a modified block-on-ring tester that simulated the wear eoodltlons experienced in a sugarcane mill, while corrosion tests were performed lIltnJ Jmmcrsion and electrochemical methods. Microstructures of the as-deposited coatings were characterised using optical mt''''L'OPY, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) IIld N=ret)' diffraction (XRD). The wear mechanisms were also investigated by lllminln~ the worn surfaces and subsurfaces using SEM. ('tmlpluison of the resulting SMAW coatings revealed that variations in the Ã‚Â• .....hhm of the welding electrodes as well as welding procedure produced significant differences in the microstructure in terms of morphology of the carbides, distribution and proportion of the carbide phases, and microhardness. The arc- 'prayed coating exhibited better abrasive wear and corrosion resistance compared to the SMAW coatings. The amount and distribution of free chromium in the specimens were the primary factors that controlled the corrosion behaviour. The dominant wear m~~hnnisms controlling abrasion were found to be microploughing and microcutting In the hypoeutectic coating, and microcracking in the hypereutectic and are sprayed coatings.

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Furtado, de Souza Jose Ribamar. "Farmer participation in Brazilian sugar cane research." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2815/.

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This research is concerned with the contribution which farmer participation, as a complementary approach to agricultural research in Brazil, can make to the Improvement of disadvantaged farmers socioeconomic conditions through the solution of their technological problems. This notion is embodied in the concepts of Farming Systems Research and Farmer Participatory Research, which provide the broad theoretical framework within which this investigation was developed. The context in which the research was carried out was Brazilian sugar cane growing regions, with a specific focus on the practice of farmer participation within the Three Year' Plan for Diffusion of Technology for Sugar Cane Agro-industry's Resource-poor Farmers (Plano Trienal). Material for this investigation derives from two sources: direct involvement since the pilot project original phase of the Plano Trienal over a period of six years and a period of fieldwork undertaken in 1988. During the latter, data were collected by means of questionnaires, interviews, participant observation and Informal discussions in the States of Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Pernambuco, Paraiba and Rio Grande do Norte. The dynamics of sugar cane agriculture is analysed within the overall sugar cane agro-industry as a particular sector of Brazilian agriculture. The concepts of Farming Systems Research and Farming Participatory Research are then set within this general frame of reference. Subsequently, the policies advocated by research and extension services is situated within the wider context of the Brazilian sugar cane agro-industry. Specific attention is then given to the failure of 'conservative modernisation' policies adopted by those services. Within this broad framework the formation and development of the Plano Trienal is described and analysed. The performance of the Plan's selected projects is then investigated through a comparative study, with particular attention given to the types of approaches employed, both, participatory and persuasive. In this perspective, combined statistical and qualitative methods are employed, based on variables (such as technology, approach, farm, farmer and technician) with specific reference to four economic indicators: productivity, assets, adoption and technological problems. Finally, the role of Farmer Participation is critically analysed referring to Farmer Participatory Research as a crucial component of the agricultural research process. The research findings point to the central importance of farmer's indigenous knowledge and scientific knowledge based upon 'mutual respect', and grounded in experience, for the processes of participatory research. In these processes, the relationship established between farmer and technician was found to be a fundamental aspect of research practice in which great weight is placed upon the farmer's role not as an object but as the 'subject' of agricultural research. This research demonstrates that the projects which embraced this approach achieved a higher level of technology adoption, a greater number of technological solutions and a greater increase in productivity and farmers' assets. The main policy implication of the thesis is that farmer participation, as a complementary approach to agricultural research methods, can contribute significantly to modifying the socio-economic situation of disadvantaged farmers.

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Campos, Patrick Francino. "Variedades de cana-de-açúcar submetidas à irrigação suplementar no cerrado." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4296.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
The production chain of sugar cane has great importance in Brazilian socio-economic scenario. It contributes significantly to the gross domestic product (GDP). Is a renewable energy source, generates a currency with the export of sugar and ethanol, as well as being an activity of creating jobs. However, there is a lack of information relating different cane varieties and irrigation, especially in the Cerrado. So, you can ensure maximum productive and economic efficiency of this culture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of sixteen commercial varieties of sugar cane under supplementary irrigation in the region of the Cerrado. The experiment was conducted in the region of Goianésia-GO, Brazil in an area of sugarcane irrigated, in a Clay Red Latosol, of april 2011 to may 2012. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with 16 varieties (treatments): CTC2, CTC4, CTC9, CTC11, CTC15, CTC18, IAC87-3396, IAC91-1099, IACSP94-3046, IACSP94-2094, IACSP94-2101, IACSP95-5000, RB857515, RB92579, RB966928 and SP86-0042. It was irrigated 50% of the water crop requeriment. The irrigation were performed by Line bar sprinkler system. It was evaluated the number of tillers per meter, length of stalk, average diameter of culms, 10 stalks and technological parameters of the raw material. The results showed significant differences between varieties in relation to number of tillers per meter, length of cane, medium diameter culm, productivity and quality of production. For the 16 varieties evaluated, the most outstanding varieties in productivity, were CTC15 and IAC91-1099. The variety that was excelled in TPH was the variety CTC9. The variety CTC18 obtained results with lower productivity, TPH and number of tillers. It can be concluded that the CTC9 is a suitable material for supplementary irrigation cultivation (50%) in the region of Vale do São Patrício (Goiás State of Brazil) for presenting a high productivity and technological performance.
A cadeia produtiva da cana-de-açúcar tem grande importância no cenário socioeconômico brasileiro. Pois contribui de forma expressiva para o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) nacional. É uma fonte de energia renovável, gera divisas com a exportação de açúcar e etanol, além de ser uma atividade de criação de empregos. Entretanto, há uma carência de informações que relacionam diferentes variedades de cana e lâminas de irrigação, sobretudo, no Cerrado Goiano. Assim, pode-se garantir a máxima eficiência produtiva e econômica desta cultura. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho de dezesseis variedades comerciais de cana-de-açúcar submetida à irrigação suplementar na região do Cerrado. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Goianésia-GO, em uma área de plantio de cana-de-açúcar irrigada da Usina Jalles Machado, em um Latossolo Vermelho Argiloso, no período de abril de 2011 a maio de 2012. O delineamento experimental utilizados foi o de blocos ao acaso, sendo os tratamentos constituídos por 16 variedades: CTC2, CTC4, CTC9, CTC11, CTC15, CTC18, IAC87-3396, IAC91-1099, IACSP94-3046, IACSP94-2094, IACSP94-2101, IACSP95-5000, RB857515, RB92579, RB966928 e SP86-0042. Aplicou-se uma lâmina de irrigação correspondente à 50% da necessidade hídrica da cultura. As irrigações foram realizadas por meio de barra irrigadora. Avaliou-se o número de perfilhos por metro, comprimento de colmos, diâmetro médio de colmos, massa de 10 colmos e parâmetros tecnológicos da matéria-prima. Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas entre as variedades em relação a número de perfilhos por metro, comprimento da cana, diâmetro médio do colmo, produtividade e qualidade da produção. Para as 16 variedades avaliadas, as variedades que mais se destacaram em produtividade, foram CTC15 e IAC91-1099. A variedade que se destacou em TPH foi a variedade CTC9. A variedade CTC18 obteve resultados inferiores em produtividade, TPH e número de perfilhos. Pode-se concluir que a variedade CTC9 é um material adequado para cultivo em irrigação suplementar (50%) na região do Vale do São Patrício por apresentar um bom desempenho produtivo e tecnológico.

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Moura, Marcelino Franco de. "Gestão de custos interorganizacionais para o gerenciamento dos custos totais : estudo de caso em uma usina de cana-de-açúcar na região do Triângulo Mineiro-MG." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2014. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/12613.

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The General Objective of this study is investigate and analyze the possible points that highlight the adherence of the Interorganizational Cost Management (ICM), in the production chain of sugar cane, for the management of the total costs in a sugarcane mill in the Triangulo Mineiro, hereby named Destak Mill. The research was characterized as follows: concerning its nature, how applied; concerning its objective, how exploited; concerning procedures, as a study of a unique case; and, concerning the problem, as qualitative. For the study of this case a method of semi-structured research and interviews was applied, after which transcription of the same, and analysis of contents. For validation of this case study, a process of triangulation of methods for bibliographic survey was used, besides documental research and unsystematic observation. After having carried out these methods the result presented demonstrated a non-formal existence in a ICM at Destak Mill, but in an informal restricted manner showing some factors with made impossible its effective application as a Strategic Cost Management (SCM) in management of total costs. In conformity with the categories analyzed, certain indications concerning adherence to the ICM in the process of management of total costs, observed in relationship variables (interdependence, co-operation, trust and stability/mutual benefits), however there was a lack of sharing cost information in a strategic manner. Therefore, since we are dealing with a mill that is still being developed, once it reaches its maximum productive capacity we must point out, for future studies, a possible change in results in mills at different life cycles.
O presente estudo tem como Objetivo Geral investigar e analisar os possíveis aspectos que evidenciam a aderência da GCI, na cadeia produtiva da cana-de-açúcar, para o gerenciamento dos custos totais, em uma usina de cana-de-açúcar no Triângulo Mineiro, aqui denominada como Usina Destak. A pesquisa foi assim caracterizada: quanto à sua natureza, como aplicada; quanto ao objetivo, como exploratória; quanto aos procedimentos, como estudo de caso único; e, quanto ao problema, como qualitativa. Para o estudo de caso, utilizou-se como método de pesquisa a entrevista semiestruturada, procedendo-se, posteriormente, à transcrição da mesma e análise de conteúdo. Para validação do estudo de caso, realizou-se o processo de triangulação dos métodos de levantamento bibliográfico, além de pesquisa documental e observação assistemática. Depois de realizados os métodos, o resultado apresentado demonstra a não existência formal de uma GCI na Usina Destak, mas, sim, de uma maneira informal e restrita, apresentando alguns fatores que impossibilitam a sua efetiva aplicação como instrumento da Gestão Estratégica de Custos (GEC) no gerenciamento dos custos totais. Em conformidade com as categorias analisadas, evidenciaram-se certos indícios quanto à aderência da GCI no processo de gerenciamento dos custos totais, observados nas variáveis de relacionamento (interdependência, cooperação, confiança e estabilidade/benefícios mútuos), porém falta compartilhamento de informações de custos de forma estratégica. Assim, como se trata de uma usina que ainda se encontra em fase de desenvolvimento, chegando à sua capacidade máxima produtiva, cabe apontar, para estudos futuros, uma possível mudança de resultados em usinas de diferentes ciclos de vida.
Mestre em Ciências Contábeis

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VASCONCELOS, Romero Falcão Bezerra de. "Comportamento mecânico de um Latossolo Amarelo Distrocoeso não saturado sob diferentes sistemas de manejo culturais da cana-de-açúca." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2009. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5378.

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The soils of the Coastal Plains cultivated with sugarcane for a long period of time under different management systems may make changes in physical and chemical properties and the state of soil aggregation. Considering the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different management systems with sugarcane on the chemical and physical properties of a dystrophic cohesive Yellow Latosol of coastal tablelands of Alagoas. Plots were selected in areas of production in the growing of sugarcane, and the object of experimental research three areas, representative of three management systems adopted by sugarcane production unit, namely: a cultivated area under irrigation management system (SMI), an area under the management system of fertirrigation with vinasse (SMV) and area under a management system with application of vinasse + filter tart (SMVT). These management systems were compared and on the witness pattern represented by native forest (NF). To assess the physical and chemical properties and aggregation state of the soil, the soil samples were collected at random in the areas subject to different management systems, in the depths of 0- 0,20; 0,20-0,40 and 0,40-0,60 m, being withdrawn at a point between the lines of sugarcane. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the averages compared by Tukey test to 5% significance. Study of simple correlations were performed between some variables measures. The results showed that the different management systems promoted investigated changes in physical and chemical properties and the state of soil aggregation. The parameters of consistency of the soil tended to increase the humidity in their values with the increase of total organic carbon (TOC) of soil, promoted by the addition of waste from sugar cane. The studies of simple correlations between the total organic carbon (TOC) and the rates of stability of aggregate investigated, showed significant (p<0,01) correlation and positive. The management systems that received the addition of waste from sugarcane showed less deterioration in physical and chemical properties of soil in the soil under native forest (NF).
Os solos dos tabuleiros costeiros cultivados com cana-de-açúcar, durante longo período de tempo, sob diferentes sistemas de manejo, podem apresentar alterações nas propriedades físicas e químicas e no estado de agregação. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes sistemas de manejo com cana-de-açúcar sobre as propriedades físicas e químicas de um Latossolo Amarelo Distrocoeso dos tabuleiros costeiros de Alagoas. Foram selecionadas áreas em talhões de produção com a cultura da cana-de-açucar, sendo objeto de pesquisa experimental três áreas, representativas de três sistemas de manejo adotados pela unidade sucroalcooleira, a saber: uma área cultivada sob sistema de manejo irrigado (SMI), uma área sob sistema de manejo de fertirrigação com vinhaça (SMV) e uma área sob sistema de manejo com aplicação de vinhaça + torta de filtro (SMVT). Esses sistemas de manejo foram comparados entre si e em relação a uma testemunha padrão, representada por uma mata nativa (MN). Para avaliar as propriedades físicas e químicas e o estado de agregação do solo, amostras de solo foram coletadas ao acaso, nas áreas submetidas aos diferentes sistemas de manejo, nas profundidades de 0-0,20; 0,20-0,40 e 0,40-0,60 metros, sendo retiradas num ponto situado nas entrelinhas da cana-de-açúcar. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos a análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de significância. Estudos de correlações simples foram realizados entre algumas variáveis medidas. Os resultados permitiram concluir que os diferentes sistemas de manejo investigados promoveram alterações nas propriedades físicas e químicas e no estado de agregação do solo. Os parâmetros de consistência do solo apresentaram tendência de aumento em seus valores de umidade com o incremento do carbono orgânico total (COT) do solo, promovido pela adição de resíduos da cana-de-açúcar. Os estudos de correlações simples entre o carbono orgânico total (COT) e os índices de estabilidade de agregados investigados apresentaram correlações significativas (p<0,01) e positivas. Os sistemas de manejo que receberam adição de resíduos da cana-de-açúcar denotaram menor degradação nas propriedades físicas e químicas do solo, em relação ao solo sob mata nativa (MN).

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Opara, Charles C. "Continuous ethanol production from Nigerian cane-sugar molasses." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1987. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13788.

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The fermentation of carbohydrate sources into ethanol has become increasingly important to both industrialized and developing countries, because of its numerous uses and the need to produce it from renewable resources. In a developing tropical country such as Nigeria, proliferation of microbial life due to the hot climate, and lack of the technical know-how to maintain commercially available plants have created the need to look inwards in order to design and realize simple processes and units from local inputs. The inputs are the microorganism, sugar source, and fermentation system. In this project, high ethanol yielding microorganisms (yeast and bacteria) were isolated from local alcoholic beverages, characterized and used to ferment suitably clarified molasses. Cell immobilized, fixed-bed fermentation system was found most suitable for the tropics.

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Meller, Lauro. "Sugar cane fields forever: carnavalização, Sgt. Pepper's, tropicália /." Florianópolis, SC, 1998. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/77974.

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Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão.
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YAMAMURA, AMANDA P. G. "Aplicacao de nanotetecnologia no meio ambiente: biossorvente magnetico na remocao de uranio." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9468.

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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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Duarte, Alexandre de Castro Moura. "Proposta de boas práticas de operação que colaborem para a eficiência técnica das usinas de açúcar e etanol." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96132/tde-27102017-134957/.

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A cadeia produtiva do setor sucroenergético é de grande importância para o desenvolvimento do país, chegando a representar quase 2% do PIB. Uma importante contribuição do setor sucroenergético para a economia brasileira atual é relativa à produção de energia renovável. Na matriz energética primária do Brasil, a energia renovável participa com uma importante parcela de 46,9% comparado com 6,1% que os países participantes da Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) consomem, e ainda, é maior que a parcela de energia renovável consumida no mundo (13,2%). Do total de 46,9% da energia consumida brasileira, 18,8% é derivada da cana-de-açúcar, seguida por 13,9% de energia hidrelétrica e 10,2% de carvão. O aumento da eficiência técnica é um relevante fator para a competitividade do setor e, apesar de o Brasil ocupar uma posição de destaque na produção de bioenergia, as usinas de açúcar e etanol vêm enfrentando uma grave crise, culminando com uma retração da produção e o fechamento de diversas plantas industriais. A eficiência técnica industrial é o principal indicador de desempenho de uma usina de açúcar e etanol, podendo ser traduzida como a porcentagem dos açúcares da cana que são recuperados e transformados em açúcar, etanol e outros produtos. Desta forma, dada a crise atual do setor, do aumento da concorrência e da otimização da produtividade, as unidades produtivas necessitam aumentar sua eficiência em relação ao uso de insumos. Com o intuito de contribuir para a melhoria da eficiência e competitividades das usinas de açúcar e etanol, definiu-se como objetivo geral desta tese a proposta de boas práticas de operação que colaborem para o aumento eficiência técnica das usinas. Para tanto, os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados envolveram uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. Na primeira etapa, foi utilizada a técnica Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA), em conjunto com a análise de quintil e regressão multilinear truncada, para que fosse possível realizar uma análise das informações oriundas da base de dados utilizada e fornecida por uma empresa da região de Piracicaba. Em um segundo momento, foi realizado um estudo de caso em uma usina tida como eficiente na região de Ribeirão Preto, no estado de São Paulo, e uma entrevista com dois especialistas em processos de produção de açúcar e etanol visando entender o porquê de determinadas usinas serem mais eficientes do que outras. Por fim, as informações advindas de ambas as etapas foram cruzadas e analisadas, chegando-se à proposta de boas práticas operacionais, que provavelmente podem gerar aumento da eficiência técnica e, consequentemente, ganhos de competitividade às usinas de açúcar e etanol.
The productive chain of the sugar-energy sector is of great importance to the development of the country, reaching almost 2% of PIB. An important contribution of the sugar-energy sector to the current Brazilian economy is relative to the production of renewable energy. In Brazil\'s primary energy matrix, renewable energy accounts for an important 46.9% share compared to 6.1% that the OCDE countries consume, and is even larger than the share of renewable energy consumed in the world (13.2%). Of the 46.9% of Brazilian energy consumed, 18.8% is derived from sugarcane, followed by 13.9% hydroelectric power and 10.2% coal. The increase in technical efficiency is a relevant factor for the competitiveness of the sector and, although Brazil occupies a prominent position in the production of bioenergy, the sugar and ethanol mills have been facing a crisis culminating with a retraction of the production and the closing of several industrial plants. Industrial technical efficiency is the main performance indicator of a sugar and ethanol plant, and can be translated as the percentage of cane sugar that is recovered and processed into sugar, ethanol and other products. Thus, given the current crisis of the sector, increased competition and optimization of productivity, productive units need to increase their efficiency in relation to the use of inputs. In order to contribute to the improvement of the efficiency and competitiveness of the sugar and ethanol plants, the general objective of this thesis was to propose a good operating practice that will contribute to increase the technical efficiency of the plants. To that end, the methodological procedures used involved a quantitative and qualitative approach. In the first step, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique was used, together with the quintile analysis and truncated multilinear regression, so that it was possible to perform an analysis of the information from the database used and provided by a company in the region of Piracicaba. In a second moment, a case study was carried out at a mill considered efficient in the region of Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, and an interview with two experts on sugar and ethanol production processes aimed at understanding why certain plants are more efficient than others. Finally, the information from both stages was cross-referenced and analyzed, leading to the proposal of good operational practices, which are likely to increase technical efficiency and consequently increase competitiveness in the sugar and ethanol plants.

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McCarthy, Stuart George. "The integration of sensory control for sugar cane harvesters." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2003. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001469/.

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The research concerns the design and implementation of mechatronic systems to assist in the operation and control of a sugar cane harvester. Two functions were chosen for attention, the primary separation system, and the ‘topper’ that discards the leafy crown. Although these operations are given low priority by the operator of the harvester, their optimisation is of particular significance to the industry. Optimum separation requires a fine balance between discarding ‘trash’ that would contaminate the quality of the cane billets and losing good sugar-bearing material through over cleaning. Poor control of the topper can create extra load for the separation system and cause it to operate at a low efficiency with high loss. Alternatively it can cause a length of sugar-bearing cane stalk to be lost before it even enters the harvester system at all. A variety of mechatronic techniques were explored, that addressed the problem of providing useful data directly from the harvester functions and the electronic instrumentation to allow the data to be collected in a useful form in real-time. Computer control issues were also investigated, to make best use of the data stream. Novel acoustic transducers were introduced to the sensory separation system to provide a signal that indicated material striking the fan blades. A rotary transformer was required to allow transmission of the signal, and a signal interface system was implemented to record the returned data. Many real-time time-series analyses were conducted, and from these a suitable algorithm to extract an impact signal was developed. This system was assessed under harvesting conditions with results that confirmed its ability to quantify the amount of cane lost from the harvest. An investigation was conducted to detect the optimum topping height on a sugar cane stalk. The techniques considered both the internal and external attributes of the stalk, and a method was selected to measure the sugar concentration with a chemical sensor. An important design parameter was that the sensor must operate on the harvester in real time. The novel refractometer worked well in laboratory conditions, yielding repeatable and accurate results. The field environment complicated the application of this system, however this was partly overcome with introduction of a custom sample-crushing mechanism. This device provided the necessary juice sample from a selection of the topped cane stalks. The complete sampling and measuring mechanism operated well on cane stalks, and returned encouraging results. Both sets of data returned useful information regarding the operation of the particular harvester operations. The control of either the separation system or the topper requires careful balancing, and novel control techniques that consider the ergonomics for the operator are discussed. These include visual indication devices through to automatic control algorithms. With the integration of mechatronic techniques into the functioning of the sugar cane harvester, the overall efficiency of many of its functions may be improved, and the operator’s task may be greatly simplified. The ultimate objective is to maximise the yield with an improved level of harvested and separated cane.

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Rodrigues, Osmar V. "Agrivehicle : Design for the Vehicle Transporting Sugar Cane Cutters." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503010.

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Batchelor, C. H. "Water use and growth of drip-irrigated sugar cane." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314805.

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Onpraphai, Thaworn, and n/a. "Information systems for regional sugar cane production forecasting and localised yield estimation: a Thailand perspective." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060517.142422.

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Sugar is an important global agricultural commodity and a significant input to the advanced industrialised world. Annual average global sugar production is around 120 million tonnes, with consumption around 118 million tonnes. Sugar is produced under a broad range of climatic conditions in some 120 countries and is one of the most heavily traded agricultural commodities (FAO, 2001). Plants produce sugar as a storehouse of energy that is used as required. Approximately 70% of sugar is produced from sugar cane while the remaining 30% is produced from sugar beet (Sugar Knowledge International, 2001). Thailand's cane and sugar industry is now one of the major sources of foreign income for the country. The value of sugar exports (around 35 billion baht or AUD $1.5 billion per annum) ranks among the top ten exported commodities of the Thai economy. Approximately 9.2% of annual global sugar production is exported from Thailand (WTO, 2001). The sugar industry is extremely complex and comprises individual links and components in the supply and demand chain that are more delicately in balance than with most other commodity based industries. Thailand's sugar production has been characterized by greater extremes of variability than in most other sugar producing countries. A unique combination of pests, disease, climate, soils, problems with plant available moisture and the low technology basis of crop management has increased production risk and uncertainty for the crop. Total tonnage of cane and sugar is notoriously difficult to predict during the growing season and for a mature crop before the harvest. Accordingly, the focus of this research is on the development and testing of methods, algorithms, procedures and output products for Sugar Cane Crop Forecasting and Yield Mapping. The resulting spatial and temporal information tools have the potential to provide the basis of a commercially deployable decision support system for Thailand's sugar industry. The scope of this thesis encompasses several levels within a geographical hierarchy of scales; from regional, district, farm, and plot within a study area in northeastern Thailand. Crop forecasting at regional level will reduce production risk uncertainty while yield mapping and yield estimation at local, farm and plot scales will enable productivity to be improved by identifying, diagnosing the cause of and reducing yield variability. The research has three main objectives. These are to: Develop statistical analysis procedures and empirical algorithms expressing the relationship between yield potential and spectral response of sugar cane yield as a basis for mapping, monitoring, modeling, forecasting and management of sugar production in Thailand. Evaluate the validity of a technology based versus conventional approach to crop forecasting and yield mapping, commencing with a series of testable null-hypotheses and culminating in procedures to calibrate and validate empirical models against verifiable production records. Outcomes are used to review and evaluate existing and potential future approaches to regional crop forecasting, localised yield mapping and yield estimation tools for operational use within Thailand's sugar industry. Identify, evaluate and establish performance benchmarks in relation to the practicality, accuracy, timeliness, cost effectiveness and value proposition of a satellite based versus conventional approach to crop forecasting and yield mapping. The methodology involved time series analysis of recorded sugar cane yields and production outcomes paired with spectral response statistics of crops derived from satellite imagery and seasonal rainfall records over a three year period within four provinces, forty five component districts and 120 representative farms. Spectral statistics were derived fiom raw multi-spectral satellite imagery (multitemporal SPOT- VI at regional scale and Landsat 7 ETM+ imagery at local scale) acquired during the 1999 to 2001 sugar cane seasons. Crop area and production statistics at regional scale were compiled and furnished by the provincial sugar mill and verified through government agencies within Thailand. Selective cutting at sample sites within nominated fields owned by collaborating growers was undertaken to validate localised differences in productivity and to facilitate yield variance mapping. Acquisition, processing, analysis and statistical modeling of remotely sensed satellite spectral data, rainfall records and production outcomes were accomplished using an empirical approach. Resulting crop production forecasting algorithms were systematically evaluated for reliability by assessing accuracy, spatial and temporal variability. Long term rainfall and district sugar cane yield and production records were used to account for district and season specific differences between estimated and recorded yields, to generate error probability functions and to improve the accuracy and applicability of empirical models under more extreme conditions. Limitations on finding and length of records constrained the number of seasons and the area for which satellite imagery with contrasting levels of spatial and spectral resolution could be acquired. The absence of verifiable long term production records combined with limitations on the duration and area able to be covered by field trips meant that time series analysis of paired data was necessarily constrained to a three year period of record coinciding with the author's period of candidature. Accordingly, although a comprehensive set of well correlated district and month specific yield forecasting algorithms was able to be developed, temporal restrictions on data availability constrained the extent to which they could be subjected to thorough accuracy and reliability analysis and extended with confidence down to farm and field scale. A variety of approaches, using different parameter combinations and threshold values, was used to combine individual districts and component farms into coherent groups to overcome temporal data constraints and to generate more robust production forecasting algorithms, albeit with slightly lower levels of apparent accuracy and reliability. The procedures adopted to optimise these district groupings are systematically explained. Component differences in terrain, biophysical conditions and management approaches between district groupings are used to explain differences in production outcomes and to account for apparent differences between forecast versus actual yields between districts both within and between different groups. The outcomes of this research - particularly the data acquisition and analysis procedures, empirical modeling, error assessment and adjustment techniques, and the optimisation procedures used to facilitate grouping of districts - provide a practical basis for the deployment of an operational sugar cane production forecasting and yield mapping information system to facilitate planning and logistical management of production, harvesting, transportation, processing, domestic marketing and export of sugar from northeastern Thailand. At the local and farm level, yield maps and plot based yield estimates will assist users to improve productivity by recognising, identiwing and responding to potential causes of within and between field spatial variability. However, before such an information system can be confidently deployed, additional resources will be required to obtain paired production records, spectral data fiom satellite imagery and biophysical input data over a longer period to ensure that the empirical models are operationally robust and to validate their accuracy under a wider range of conditions by comparing forecasts with actual outcomes over larger areas during the next few seasons.

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Joyce, James Alexander. "Pressurised entrained flow gasification of sugar cane wastes for cogeneration /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://adt.library.uq.edu.au/public/adt-QU20060713.095935/index.html.

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Abdul-Aziz, Z. A. B. "Resistance of sugar cane to root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne Spp.)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372305.

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Mota, Henrique de Senna. "Resiliência e aprendizagem na cadeia de suprimentos da cana-de-açúcar: um modelo de análise através de custos e margens." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-10012018-181338/.

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A resiliência, conceitualmente, tem sendo vista como a capacidade de reinventar dinamicamente os modelos de negócios e as estratégias, na mesma frequência com que as circunstâncias mudam, ou seja, um recurso para antecipar e se adaptar continuadamente às mudanças que ameaçam a capacidade financeira ou o núcleo de poder das empresas. Levando em consideração o contexto da cana-de-açúcar e o conceito de resiliência foi estabelecido como objetivo principal, desta pesquisa, contribuir para o entendimento de como reconhecer ou identificar uma cadeia de suprimentos resiliente. Para tal, a abordagem metodológica municiou-se da construção de um modelo de simulação da cadeia de suprimentos da cana-de-açúcar no Brasil, para os elos agrícola e industrial. Avaliou-se empiricamente o conceito de resiliência na cadeia de suprimentos da cana-de-açúcar, por meio do Triângulo da Resiliência, proposto por Bruneau et al. (2003). Para este fim, utilizaram-se margens econômicas extraídas do modelo de simulação construído. Foi adaptado e estabelecido uma definição de cadeia de suprimentos resiliente compatíveis com Eventos Perturbadores Identificados de Longo Efeito. Analisou-se a relação da resiliência com os fatores de capacidades e fatores de vulnerabilidades na cadeia de suprimentos da cana-de-açúcar no Brasil. Criou-se uma curva de experiência partilhando as reduções de custos específicos, dentro dos elos agrícola e industrial, procurando identificar avanços tecnológicos e caracterizar a aprendizagem responsável. Os resultados apontaram que foi possível identificar uma cadeia de suprimentos da cana-de-açúcar resiliente pelo método proposto. Identificaram-se as Razões de Progressão, os eventos deflagradores mais significativos, as estratégias adotadas e os resultados das estratégias. Finalmente, compararam-se as fontes de resiliência e alteração de custos e margens identificadas, criando um quadro onde se agregava três naturezas de fatores de influência: tecnológicos, políticos e mercadológicos. Para cada um deles foi detalhado e examinado, criando uma tipologia de fatores capazes de influenciar os custos e margens da cadeia de suprimentos da cana-de-açúcar. Os resultados, também, retratam uma redução de custos ao longo do tempo, com efeitos de curto prazo para a cadeia. O trabalho se destaca pela inovação no método de uso da resiliência, além de sua aplicação inédita na cadeia de suprimentos da cana-de-açúcar, uma ampliação do conhecimento no desenvolvimento de um modelo capaz de gerar margens econômicas, dada certas tecnologias, dentro de uma usina produtora de etanol, açúcar e bioenergia, assim como uma extensiva identificação retrospectiva de todas influências que podem afetar os custos e margens, contribuindo para o maior entendimento da cadeia de suprimentos da cana-de-açúcar.
Conceptually resilience has been seen as the ability to dynamically reinvent business models and strategies at the same frequency as circumstances change, that is, a resource to continually anticipate and adapt to changes that threaten financial capacity or the core of business power. Taking into account the context of sugarcane and theconcept of resilience it was established as themain objective of this research is to contribute to the understanding of how to recognize or identify a resilient supply chain. Therefore, the methodological approach was based on the construction of model of simulationof the sugarcane supply chain in Brazil, for the agricultural and industrial links. The concept of resilience in the sugarcane supply chain was empirically evaluated through the Resilience Triangle proposed by Bruneau et al. (2003). For this purpose, economic margins extracted from the constructed simulation model were used. A resilient supply chain definition that is compatible with Long-Term Identified Disturbing Events has been adapted and established. The relationship among resilience, capacity factors and vulnerability factors in the sugarcane supply chain in Brazil was analyzed. An experience curve has been created by sharing the specific cost reductions within the agricultural and industrial links, seeking to identify technological advances and characterize responsible learning. The results showed that the proposed method can identify the sugarcane supply chain resilience. The Progression Ratios, the most significant triggers, the strategies adopted and the results of the strategies were identified. Finally, the resilience sources, the changes in costs, and the identified margins were compared, creating a framework where three types of influence factors were added: technological, political and market. Each one of them was detailed and examined, creating a typology of factors capable of influencing the costs and margins of the sugarcane supply chain. The results also portray a cost reduction over time, with short-term effects for the chain. The work stands out for its innovation in the method of using resilience, as well as its unprecedent application in the sugarcane supply chain. That means, an expansion of knowledge in the model of a development capable of generating economic margins, due to certain technologiesin an ethanol, sugar and bioenergy plant, as well as an extensive retrospective identification of all influences that may affect costs and margins.This contributes to a better understanding of the supply chain of sugarcane.

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Reis, Ronaldo Matias. "Produtividade e manejo de plantas daninhas no sorgo sacarino cultivado em diferentes arranjos de plantas." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2014. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4639.

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The sweet sorghum can become an important alternative for ethanol production in the sugar cane offseason. For this, adjustments will be necessary in the arrangement of sorghum plants in the field, to use all the available infrastructure and logistics in ethanol plants that use sugar cane as raw material. Besides adjusting the spacing of sweet sorghum cultivation machinery harvesters sugar cane, another factor to be researched refers to weed management. Sorghum is characterized by its slow initial growth which makes it very susceptible to weed competition in the early stage of growth. This fact is compounded by low efficiency of herbicides registered for weed control grasses. In the search for solutions to these problems, this research evaluated the effects of plant arrangements associated with application of herbicides on weed dynamics, sweet sorghum growth and yield. The experiment was conducted under field conditions and evaluated three plant arrangements with spacings of 0.25 m, 0.45 m 0,45 - 0,45 - 0,90 m, keeping the population of 120,000 plants per hectare in all spacings, which were either not associated with herbicide application. At 7, 14 and 28 days after herbicide application visual intoxication plants, weed control and data collection for phytosociological studies of weed community were evaluated. The fresh weight, plant height, stem diameter, mass of broth and °Brix of the sorghum stock were evaluated at harvest, 120 days after sowing. It also assessed chemical characteristics of the broth as the concentrations of sucrose, glucose and fructose, by high performance liquid chromatography efficiency. For phytosociological studies, weed populations were analyzed by calculations of density, frequency and abundance relative importance value (IVI) and similarity index (SI). We conclude that the reduction in sweet sorghum spacing increases the fresh culture weight and the application of the herbicide mixture may be an option in the management of weeds in sorghum, mainly aimed at controlling grasses. However, doses above 960 g ha-1 s-metolachlor and atrazine mixture may compromise the growth and productivity of sweet sorghum. The Cyperus esculentus and Oxalis latifolia species shown to be more tolerant to herbicides, considering that showed higher IVI values, independent of treatment assessed.
O sorgo sacarino pode se tornar importante alternativa para produção de etanol na entressafra da cana-de-açúcar. Para isso, serão necessários ajustes no arranjo das plantas de sorgo no campo, para utilização de toda a infraestrutura e logística disponíveis nas usinas de etanol que utilizam a cana-de-açúcar como matéria prima. Além do ajuste do espaçamento de cultivo do sorgo sacarino às máquinas colhedoras de cana-de-açúçar, outro fator a ser pesquisado refere-se ao manejo de plantas daninhas. O sorgo se caracteriza por possuir crescimento inicial lento o que o torna muito susceptível à interferência das plantas daninhas na fase inicial de crescimento. Este fato é agravado devido à baixa eficiência dos herbicidas registrados para controle de plantas daninhas gramíneas. Na busca de soluções para esses problemas, nessa pesquisa foram avaliados os efeitos de arranjos de plantas associado a aplicação de herbicidas sobre a dinâmica das plantas daninhas, crescimento e produtividade do sorgo sacarino. O experimento foi realizado em condições de campo, sendo avaliados três arranjos de plantas com espaçamentos de 0,25 m, 0,45 m e 0,45-0,45-0,90 m, mantendo-se a população de 120.000 plantas por hectare em todos os espaçamentos, os quais foram ou não associados a aplicação de herbicidas. Aos 7, 14 e 28 dias após a aplicação dos herbicidas foram avaliadas a intoxicação visual das plantas, o controle das plantas daninhas e coleta de dados para os estudos fitossociológicos da comunidade infestante. A matéria fresca, altura de plantas, diâmetro de colmo, massa de caldo e °Brix do caldo do sorgo foram avaliados no momento da colheita, 120 dias após semeio. Também avaliou-se as características química do caldo quanto as concentrações de sacarose, glicose e frutose, por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Para os estudos fitossociológicos, as populações de plantas daninhas foram analisadas por meio de cálculos de densidade, frequência e abundância relativa, índice de valor de importância (IVI) e índice de similaridade (IS). Conclui-se que, a redução no espaçamento entre linhas do sorgo sacarino aumenta a massa fresca da cultura e a aplicação da mistura de herbicidas pode ser opção no manejo de plantas daninhas no sorgo sacarino, principalmente, objetivando o controle de gramíneas. No entanto, doses acima de 960 g ha-1 de s-metolachlor em mistura com atrazine podem comprometer o crescimento e produtividade do sorgo sacarino. As espécies Cyperus esculentus e Oxalis latifolia demonstram ser mais tolerantes aos herbicidas aplicados, tendo em vista que apresentaram maiores valores IVI, independente do tratamento avaliado.

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39

Amre, Devendra. "Risk for lung cancer among sugar cane farmers and processing workers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0018/NQ55297.pdf.

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Mui, Nguyen Thi. "Feeding systems for goats based on foliages and whole sugar cane /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-5825-0.pdf.

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41

Allali, Mohamed. "The efficiency of selection in a Moroccan sugar cane breeding programme." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239460.

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42

Mamet, L. D. "Breeding for earliness of ripening in sugar cane (Saccharum spp. L.)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259637.

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Nguyen, Thi Mui. "Feeding systems for goats based on foliages and whole sugar cane /." Uppsala, Sweden : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2001. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009768566&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Sverges lantbruksuniversitet, 2001.
Thesis statement in Swedish and English abstract inserted. Based on 4 previously prepared or published papers reprinted here. Includes bibliographical references.

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Moraes, João Cláudio Bassan de. "Study on sugar cane straw ash (SCSA) in alkali-activated binders /." Ilha Solteira, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152101.

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Orientador: Jorge Luís Akasaki
Resumo: Aglomerantes ativados alcalinamente (AAA) são obtidos da combinação de um precursor solido (geralmente um aluminosilicato) e uma solução alcalina de alta concentração. As vantagens de utilizar este novo tipo de aglomerante comparado ao cimento Portland, um aglomerante convencional, são as menores emissões de CO2, menor consumo de energia e a possibilidade de utilizar matérias prima renováveis e/ou resíduos. Neste sentido, este trabalho apresenta um novo resíduo da indústria da cada de açúcar: a folha de cana de açúcar. A folha apresenta um poder calorífico interessante; portanto, ela pode ser utilizada como biomassa para produzir energia através um processo de queima. Depois deste procedimento, é gerado um novo resíduo: a cinza de folha de cana de açúcar (CF). Esta cinza não apresenta uma destinação correta, então este trabalho tem como intenção utilizar esta cinza como material prima em AAA. A CF foi avaliada de duas formas: como precursor solido e como matéria prima para produzir a solução alcalina. No primeiro modo, a CF foi utilizada em sistemas combinados com a escória de alto forno (EAF) ativado com ambas soluções de NaOH e NaOH/silicato de sódio. No segundo modo, a CF foi utilizada como fonte de sílica para produzir a solução alcalina com o NaOH em AAA baseados em EAF. Os sistemas foram estudados através da resistência a compressão de argamassas e pelo estudo da microestrutura de pastas. Ensaios realizados para avaliar a microestrutura foram a difração de raios-X (DRX)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Doutor

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Oliver, Gossett Dunn. "A tribological study of arced sugar cane mill roll shells in Jamaica." Thesis, Brunel University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275927.

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Cameron, Dawn M. "Exploring the application of self-monitoring of blood glucose results in insulin-treated diabetes : a case study of patients, their support persons and health care practitioners." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25311.

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Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) can be effective in preventing poor outcomes associated with diabetes mellitus but previous research has identified that SMBG is not being undertaken in line with current recommendations. Guidance informs health professionals to educate patients on how they should self-monitor but very little is know about how patients self-monitor in the real world. In this thesis, a quantitative scoping study is first presented. This study used routine data sources to examine the levels and patterns of self-montoring in different population groups and then proceeded to a larger qualitative study to explore and question what patients are doing in practice in relation to self-monitoring, and why. This involved a qualitative multi-case study of patients, their support people, health care practitioners (HCPs) and patient diaries. Ten individuals and their nominated support people and HCPs formed ten cases among whom 21 in-depth semi-structured interviews were carried out and six patient diaries analysed. The exploratory work was framed around Stones’ version of structuration theory and uncovered a complex linkage of individual motives for monitoring, associated responses and behaviours in relation to the motive, and the underpinning attitudes and beliefs behind the motive. The following key points emerged from the analysis. People have differing relationships with their diabetes and this links with the level of engagement they have with their condition. Resistance to support people and health services was commonly observed. Experiences of diabetes reviews were important, with an identified need for them to feel more like collaboration and less like surveillance. A significant factor was the gaps and limitations in knowledge and understanding around diabetes for patients, relatives, support people and HCPs; and, finally, there was a noted maintenance of blood glucose levels higher than recommended through SMBG in several participants, which stemmed from a fear of hypoglycemic episode. The analysis concluded that although self-monitoring of blood glucose, in theory, and when considered in isolation, is a simple process to undertake, its application in the wider context of self-management and the individual is much more complicated. The process is influenced by many complex factors and generates a variety of responses and behaviours, some not in keeping with good diabetes self-management. There was a significant lack of person-centered approaches to managing diabetes which was, in part, due to existing health systems and processes. Therefore, there is a need to raise awareness of the gaps that exist in terms of such approaches as well as the gaps in knowledge and understanding of individuals with diabetes and those caring for and supporting them. In more specific terms, it is essential to develop and evaluate individual approaches to patients in relation to their self-monitoring and associated self-management in the context of their own lives, which involves the assessment of engagement and understanding around self-monitoring.

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Lanzotti, Carla Regina. "Uma analise emergetica de tendencias do setor sucroalcooleiro." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263949.

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Orientador: Enrique Ortega Rodriguez
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Com a primeira crise do petróleo, em 1973, houve necessidade de buscar fontes alternativas de energia que pudessem substituir os derivados de petróleo. Assim, o Programa Nacional do Álcool ¿ ProÁlcool foi instituído com a emissão do Decreto nº 76.593, de 14 de novembro de 1975, baseando-se, inicialmente, na produção de álcool anídro para misturá-lo à gasolina. Com a nova crise do petróleo, em 1979, além da mistura à gasolina, iniciou-se a fabricação de automóveis movidos a álcool. Isto intensificou a agroindústria canavieira, responsável por impactos ambientais como a destruição de áreas com mata nativa, perda da diversidade da produção rural e lançamento de vinhaça nos rios. Ainda hoje, tais impactos geram problemas ambientais e sociais como: erosão e poluição dos solos, poluição dos recursos hídricos por agrotóxicos, emissão de poluentes na atmosfera pela queima dos canaviais, destruição da biodiversidade e aumento do êxodo rural. Como contrapartida positiva, a adoção do álcool combustível melhorou a qualidade do ar nas cidades brasileiras, substituindo substâncias tóxicas nos combustíveis de veículos automotores. Assim, a relação custo/benefício merece um estudo aprimorado, uma vez que esta indústria é afetada pelas novas possibilidades tecnológicas. Este trabalho analisa possibilidades alternativas da produção da cana-de-açúcar e fabricação de açúcar e álcool, agrupadas como tendências que podem melhorar a produção e diminuir os impactos ambientais da atividade canavieira. Entre elas destacam-se aquelas relacionadas às disposições legais, às inovações tecnológicas e às forças de mercado. A análise da produção da cana, do açúcar e do álcool baseou-se em dados coletados em usinas do estado de São Paulo e, a partir destes dados, foi verificado como a aplicação destas tendências afetaria a agroindústria. A ferramenta escolhida para realizar esta análise foi à metodologia emergética, que permite avaliar os impactos ambientais do sistema de produção, verificando os índices relacionados ao uso de recursos renováveis e não renováveis, os serviços ambientais locais, os serviços econômicos e a rentabilidade econômica do sistema. Baseando-se na metodologia, as vantagens e desvantagens de cada tendência foram identificadas de acordo com o aproveitamento dos recursos naturais renováveis e não-renováveis, materiais e serviços. Das tendências analisadas, a que obteve melhores índices foi a agricultura orgânica. Como previsto, esta técnica aproveita melhor os recursos naturais, agredindo menos o solo e o meio ambiente. Outra vantagem verificada foi à necessidade intensiva de mão-de-obra rural. Esta técnica oferece benefícios ambientais, por ser menos poluidora, e benefícios sociais, pois mantém o emprego dos trabalhadores rurais. Por outro lado, a que se mostrou menos sustentável foi à mecanização da colheita, devido à necessidade de maiores investimentos em equipamentos, tecnologia e combustíveis. É importante ressaltar que cada tendência foi estudada isoladamente, sendo importante realizar simulações com duas ou mais tendências. Com a incorporação de mais tendências na mesma atividade os impactos ambientais e sociais tendem a diminuir, melhorando a produtividade da agroindústria canavieira
Abstract: With the first crisis of the oil, in 1973, it had necessity to search alternative energy sources that could substitute the oil derivatives. Thus, the Alcohol National Program ¿ ProÁlcool ¿ was instituted with the emission of the Decree n° 76,593, of November 14, 1975, being based, initially, in the anhydrous alcohol production to be mixed to gasoline. With the new crisis of the oil, in 1979, beyond the mixture to the gasoline, it was initiated the manufacture of automobiles moved by alcohol. This intensified the sugar cane agricultural industry, responsible for environmental impacts such as the destruction of areas with native forest, loss of the agricultural production diversity and launching of vinasse in the rivers. Still today, these impacts generate environmental and social problems such as: ground erosion and pollution, pollution of the hydro resources with pesticides, pollutants emission in the atmosphere with the cane-plantation burning, biodiversity destruction and increase of the agricultural exodus. As positive counterpart, the adoption of the combustible alcohol improved the quality of air in the Brazilian cities, substituting toxic substances in automachine vehicles fuels. Thus, the cost/benefit relation deserves an improved study, because this industry is affected by the new technological possibilities. This work analyzes alternative possibilities of the sugar cane production and sugar and alcohol manufacture, grouped as trends that can improve the production and diminish the environmental impacts of the sugar cane industry activity. Among them those related to the legal disposals, to the technological innovations and to the market forces are distinguished. The analysis of the sugar cane, sugar and alcohol production was based on data collected in industries in the state of São Paulo and, from these data, it was verified how the application of these trends would affect the agricultural industry. The chosen tool to carry through this analysis was the emergy methodology, that allows the evaluation of the environmental impacts of the system production, verifying the index related to the utilization of renewable and non-renewable resources, the local environmental services, the economic services and the economic yield of the system. Being based on the methodology, the advantages and disadvantages of each trend had been identified in accordance with the exploitation of the renewable and non-renewable natural resources, materials and services. In the analyzed trends, the one that got better index was the organic agriculture. As foreseen, this technique takes advantage of the natural resources better, attacking little the ground and the environment. Another verified advantage was the intensive necessity of agricultural manpower. This technique offers environmental benefits, for being less polluting, and social benefits, because it keeps the job of the agricultural workers. On the other hand, the one that showed less sustainability was the harvest mechanization, due to necessity of bigger investments in equipment, technology and fuels. It is important to stand out that each trend was studied separately, being important to carry through simulation with two or more trends. With the incorporation of more trends in the same activity the environmental and social impacts tend to diminish, improving the productivity of the sugar cane industry
Mestrado
Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

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Filho, JosÃ de Souza Oliveira. "Phosphorus dynamics and organic matter in quartzipsamment cultivated with sugar cane harvested without burning." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8135.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Na cultura da cana-de-aÃÃcar, por razÃes econÃmicas e ambientais, a queima da palhada, feita para facilitar a colheita e o transporte, vem sendo substituÃda pela colheita mecanizada. Sabe-se que a manutenÃÃo da palhada sobre o solo influencia a dinÃmica da Ãgua, nutrientes e matÃria orgÃnica, mas seus efeitos ainda nÃo sÃo suficientemente conhecidos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito do manejo do solo cultivado com cana-de-aÃÃcar sem a queima prÃvia do canavial para a colheita, comparado com a mata nativa, sobre a matÃria orgÃnica do solo e, por consequÃncia, os efeitos desta sobre o fÃsforo do solo. Para tanto, foram determinados, nas profundidades de 0 â 2,5, 2,5 â 5, 5 â 10 , 10 â 20 e 20 â 30 cm, os teores de carbono orgÃnico total (COT) e particulado (COP) e seus respectivos estoques (EstCOT e EstCOP), a matÃria orgÃnica leve (MOL), fracionada pelo mÃtodo da flotaÃÃo em Ãgua, as concentraÃÃes de fÃsforo orgÃnico e inorgÃnico obtidas atravÃs da extraÃÃo sequencial proposta por Hedley et al.(1982) com modificaÃÃes e a capacidade mÃxima de adsorÃÃo de fÃsforo do solo (CMAP). As amostras de solo para as anÃlises foram coletadas de uma Ãrea sob cultivo de cana-de-aÃÃcar e de uma Ãrea contÃgua sob vegetaÃÃo nativa, ambas localizadas no municÃpio de Paraipaba â CE. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos Ã anÃlise de variÃncia e comparados entre si pelo Teste de Tukey (p< 0,05) utilizando-se para tanto, o programa estatÃstico Assistat. Os maiores teores de COT e COP foram encontrados na primeira camada da Ãrea de mata. Em profundidade, os teores de COP na Ãrea de cana foram superiores. O EstCOT foi superior na Ãrea de mata, no entanto, o EstCOP foi superior na Ãrea sob cultivo de cana. As maiores concentraÃÃes de MOL foram encontradas nas primeiras camadas da Ãrea cultivada, nÃo diferindo da Ãrea de mata em profundidade. A concentraÃÃo de fÃsforo orgÃnico foi superior a concentraÃÃo de fÃsforo inorgÃnico nas duas Ãreas. Entre as fraÃÃes orgÃnicas obtidas pelo fracionamento de Hedley, a fraÃÃo orgÃnica bicarbonato (Po bic) foi a que obteve maior proporÃÃo em relaÃÃo ao fÃsforo total do solo. Dentre as fraÃÃes inorgÃnicas, a fraÃÃo inorgÃnica hidrÃxido 0,1 (Pi hid 0,1) apresentou-se em maiores concentraÃÃes que as demais. O maior valor de CMAP foi obtido na ultima camada da Ãrea de mata e o menor valor encontrado na primeira camada da Ãrea cultivada. Observou-se correlaÃÃo negativa entre os valores de COP e MOL com os valores de CMAP na Ãrea sob cultivo. Os maiores valores de CMAP foram encontrados nas camadas com menores concentraÃÃes de COP e MOL. Essa tendÃncia nÃo foi observada na Ãrea de mata. No geral, na ultima camada avaliada (20 â 30 cm), nÃo se observou diferenÃas significativas para as caracterÃsticas avaliadas entre as duas Ãreas. Nessa profundidade, a influÃncia do sistema de manejo Ã mÃnima.
Considering the sugar cane crop, for economic and environmental reasons, the burning of straw, used to facilitate the crop harvest and transportation, has been replaced by mechanical harvesting. It is known that the maintenance of straw on the soil influences the dynamics of water, nutrients and organic matter, but its effects are not yet sufficiently known. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil management cultivated with sugar cane without burning the plants prior to harvest, compared with the soil under native forest, on soil organic matter and, consequently, the effect on the phosphorus in the soil profile. To do so, it was determined, at depths from 0 - 2.5, 2.5 - 5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20 - 30 cm, the concentrations of the total organic carbon (TOC) and the particulate organic carbon (POC), as well as their accumulated amounts (EstCOT and EstCOP), light organic matter (LOM), which was fractionated by the method of flotation in water, concentrations of organic and inorganic phosphorus, obtained by sequential extraction proposed by Hedley et al. (1982) with modifications, and soil P maximum adsorption capacity (PMAC). Soil samples for analysis were collected from an area under cultivation of sugar cane and from a contiguous soil area under native vegetation, both located in the municipality of Paraipaba - CE. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and compared by Tukey test (p <0.05), using, for this purpose, the statistical program Assistat. The highest TOC and POC were found in the first soil layer of the forest area. At depth, the concentrations of COP in the area of sugar cane crop were higher. The EstCOT was higher in the forest, however, it was also higher in EstCOP in the area under sugar cane cultivation. The highest concentrations of MOL were found in the first soil layers of the sugar cane cultivated area, but not differing from the soil forest area in depth. The concentration of organic phosphorus was higher than the concentration of inorganic phosphorus in the two areas. Among the organic fractions, obtained by fractionation of Hedley method, the organic bicarbonate fraction P (bic Po) was proportionally the highest one present in the total soil phosphorus. Among the inorganic, the 0.1 hydroxide inorganic P fraction (Pi hid 0.1) appeared in higher concentrations than the others. The highest value of PMAC was obtained in the deepest soil layer of the forest area and the lowest PMAC value was found in the first soil layer of the sugar cane cultivated area. There was negative correlation between the values of both COP and MOL with CMAP values in the area under cane cultivation. The highest values of CMAP were found in layers with lower concentrations of COP and MOL. This trend was not observed in the forested area. Considering the deepest soil layer evaluated (20-30 cm) for the two soil areas, it was found no significant differences for the evaluated characteristics between the two areas. At this soil layer, the influence of the management system was almost null.

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Dalchiavon, Flávio Carlos [UNESP]. "Correlações de Pearson e geoestatísticas entre a produtividade de cana-de-açúcar, estabelecida em dois métodos de colheita, e atributos físico-químicos do solo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106187.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A cultura da cana-de-açúcar desempenha, frente à realidade brasileira, sobretudo no aspecto relacionado às fontes energéticas alternativas, importantíssimo papel. Assim, num talhão de cana-de-açúcar (variedade RB855035, em seu terceiro corte) da Usina Vale do Paraná S/A Álcool e Açúcar, localizada no município de Rubinéia (SP), Brasil, 20°17’53’’ de Latitude Sul e 51°02’23’’ de Longitude Oeste, manejado para duas formas de colheita da cana-crua (com manutenção e com remoção da palhada), foram estudadas as correlações (lineares de Pearson e as geoestatísticas) entre a produtividade de colmos e atributos físico- químicos do solo, com os objetivos de verificar, entre as duas modalidades de colheita da cana-crua: a) o atributo do solo que possui a melhor correlação de Pearson com a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar; b) o atributo do solo que possui a melhor cokrigagem (correlação geoestatística) com a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar; e c) analisar se há diferença entre os dois métodos de colheita de cana-crua. Para tanto, foram instaladas duas malhas geoestatísticas regulares, contendo cada uma 1,30 ha com 121 pontos amostrais georreferenciados, em um Argissolo Vermelho eutrófico (declive homogêneo de 0,065 m m- 1 ), no ano de 2011. Os atributos avaliados das plantas foram: a) produtividade de colmos de cana-de-açúcar, b) plantas por metro, c) quantidade de palhada sobre o solo, d) estoque de carbono na palhada, e e) açúcares totais recuperáveis. Os do solo foram: a) resistência mecânica à penetração, b) umidade gravimétrica, c) densidade, d) estoque de carbono, e e) pH (CaCl2), nas profundidades de 0-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m, além da altitude do terreno. A análise estatística dos dados ficou compreendida de análise descritiva, teste F, análise das correlações lineares e análise geoestatística...
The sugarcane crop play a very important role on the Brasilian reality, mainly in the aspect related to the alternative sources. So, in a sugarcane area (variety RB855035, third cut) at Vale do Paraná S/A Alcohol and sugar destillary, lacated in Rubinéia-SP, Brazil, 20°17'53''S and 51°02'23''W, managed for two forms of harvest of the raw cane (with maintenance and with removal of the straw) they were studied the correlations (linear of Pearson and the geostatistical) between the productivity of stems and physiochemical attributes of the soil, with the objectives of verifying, between the two modalities of crop of the raw cane: a) the attribute of the soil that provides the best correlation of Pearson with the productivity of the sugarcane; b) the attribute of the soil that provides the best cokriging (correlation geoestatistical) with the productivity of the sugarcane; and c) to analyze if there is difference between the two methods of crop of raw cane. For this were installed two regular geoestatistical meshes containing each one 1.30 ha with 121 sampling from a Typic Haplustult (homogeneous slope of 0.065 m m-1), in 2011. The appraised attributes of the plants were: a) productivity of sugarcane stems, b) plants for meter, c) amount of straw on the soil, d) stock of carbon in the straw, and e) recoverable total sugar content in sugarcane. The attributes of the soil were: a) mechanical resistance to the penetration, b) gravimetric moisture, c) bulk density, d) stock of carbon, and e) pH (CaCl2), at depths of 0-0.20 and 0.20- 0.40 m, besides the altitude of the land. The statistical analysis of the data was performed by descriptive analysis, test F, analysis of the linear correlation and geostatistical analysis. For the crop of the raw cane with maintenance of the straw, the bulk density, at depth of 0-0.20 m, was the attribute of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Plaza, Floran. "Measuring, modelling and understanding the mechanical behaviour of bagasse." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2002. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001485/.

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In the Australian sugar industry, sugar cane is smashed into a straw like material by hammers before being squeezed between large rollers to extract the sugar juice. The straw like material is initially called prepared cane and then bagasse as it passes through successive roller milling units. The sugar cane materials are highly compressible, have high moisture content, are fibrous, and they resemble some peat soils in both appearance and mechanical behaviour. A promising avenue to improve the performance of milling units for increased throughput and juice extraction, and to reduce costs is by modelling of the crushing process. To achieve this, it is believed necessary that milling models should be able to reproduce measured bagasse behaviour. This investigation sought to measure the mechanical (compression, shear, and volume) behaviour of prepared cane and bagasse, to identify limitations in currently used material models, and to progress towards a material model that can predict bagasse behaviour adequately. Tests were carried out using a modified direct shear test equipment and procedure at most of the large range of pressures occurring in the crushing process. The investigation included an assessment of the performance of the direct shear test for measuring bagasse behaviour. The assessment was carried out using finite element modelling. It was shown that prepared cane and bagasse exhibited critical state behaviour similar to that of soils and the magnitudes of material parameters were determined. The measurements were used to identify desirable features for a bagasse material model. It was shown that currently used material models had major limitations for reproducing bagasse behaviour. A model from the soil mechanics literature was modified and shown to achieve improved reproduction while using magnitudes of material parameters that better reflected the measured values. Finally, a typical three roller mill pressure feeder configuration was modelled. The predictions and limitations were assessed by comparison to measured data from a sugar factory.

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