Academic literature on the topic 'Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods'
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Journal articles on the topic "Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods"
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Oppenheim, Alan J., and William P. Cooke. "Quantitative Methods for Management Decisions." Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 4, no. 2 (April 1986): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1391331.
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Garg, K. C. "Quantitative Methods in Information Science." Collection Management 14, no. 3-4 (September 18, 1991): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j105v14n03_07.
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Borowska, Maria. "Quantitative methods in the field of economic sciences." VUZF Review 5, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.38188/2534-9228.20.2.03.
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The usage of quantitative tools for creating the mathematical models of functioning different economic facilities abounds the opportunity for better understanding and acquaintance of the surrounding reality. A lot of thinkers identify even universality of the particular branch of knowledge with the extent of its ‘mathematization’. Applying mathematical methods so called quantitative provide great and not to overestimate services not only in the science research of technique, physics, astronomy, biology and medicine, but also – within the qualitative methods- in the field of social science in the sphere of the control of the quality of production or in the process of service management or decision making. Complex nature of the social and economic phenomena requires making the usage of the most modern means and the ubiquitous computerization significantly confirms the usefulness of these methods. Progressing ‘mathematization’ and computerization of the science forces creating and applying quantitative (mathematical) models including economic science. The model of operating of studied system was considered in two variants. I. when the process of the product delivery to the store represents inclusively the subsystem of production and the subsystem of the transportation – it could be then said that the level of filling the store up is controlled by the aggregated process of the delivery of the product.
when the process of the product delivery to the store takes into account explicate both the production process and also the operating of transportation subsystem, so it is then the structural process of the product delivery. Both in the aggregated and structural version, the analyses of the functioning of the system was made in three variants of the store filling: intermediate state of the store filling; zero state of the store filling that is lower barrier; the state of full storage of the store, that is the upper barrier. The result of my analyses are two proprietary probabilistic models of system operation which are presented through the system of differential equations both in the aggregated and structural variant. Probabilistic models of functioning of the system in both variants presented throughout the probabilistic model also enable determining sizing prognosis which are characteristic for the functioning of this system. These prognoses are transferred to the unit of the management system and they provide the premises to the streamline of its functioning.
These tools create the basics of theoretical and methodological constructed computer programmes of the informative systems of decision-making support.
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Lewis, Colin, N. R. Farnum, and L. W. Stanton. "Quantitative Forecasting Methods." Journal of the Operational Research Society 41, no. 8 (August 1990): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2583483.
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Lewis, Colin. "Quantitative Forecasting Methods." Journal of the Operational Research Society 41, no. 8 (August 1990): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jors.1990.107.
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Molina-Azorin, José F., Donald D. Bergh, Kevin G. Corley, and David J. Ketchen. "Mixed Methods in the Organizational Sciences." Organizational Research Methods 20, no. 2 (January 4, 2017): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094428116687026.
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A growing methodological trend is emerging from the recognition that integrating qualitative and quantitative methods in the same study, that is, employing a mixed methods approach, can provide the necessary empirical intricacy and rigor to match the complexities of organizational phenomena. The authors describe opportunities and challenges of mixed methods research in the organizational sciences, explain how the articles offered in this Feature Topic help to advance mixed methods in our field, and offer suggestions for future work that may create additional progress.
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Zvoch, Keith. "Modern Quantitative Methods for Evaluation Science." American Journal of Evaluation 35, no. 3 (February 4, 2014): 430–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098214013514128.
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Boas, J. "Quantitative forecasting methods." European Journal of Operational Research 45, no. 2-3 (April 1990): 375–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(90)90206-q.
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Rosenberg, Eric, and Alan Gleit. "Quantitative Methods in Credit Management: A Survey." Operations Research 42, no. 4 (August 1994): 589–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.42.4.589.
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Mytton, M., and A. Curnock. "Quantitative Methods in Business." Journal of the Operational Research Society 48, no. 6 (June 1997): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3010234.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods"
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Bouges, Farid Fouad. "Internationalization of Family Businesses in Saudi Arabia." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1101.
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Family businesses represent a key economical asset in the global economy. Leaders of family businesses have implemented internationalization as a key strategy to enhance sustainability and increase profitability in a hypercompetitive global marketplace. Guided by the Uppsala model, the purpose of this case study was to explore how Saudi family business leaders have planned and implemented internationalization. Three leaders from different international Saudi family businesses participated in semistructured interviews. The participants described their experience in achieving successful internationalization for their family businesses. After analyzing the interview data and validating through member checking, 3 main themes emerged: (a) the characteristics of the family business to compete internationally, (b) the characteristics of a suitable international market for family businesses to internationalize, and (c) the characteristics of a successful internationalization opportunity for a Saudi family business. In order to internationalize, Saudi family business leaders identified having a proper strategy, financial capability, qualified resources, well-structured policies, and globally-standardized products or services. Family business leaders should target the international market that is stable, that is secure with regulations, and that is welcoming to foreign investments. Each internationalization opportunity should have close psychic distance, available relationships in the international market, targeted family business motives, demonstrated existing market demand with the ability to satisfy, and proper timing. The findings may promote social change in Saudi family businesses by identifying essential characteristics to maintain the companies' existence and offer a roadmap to compete internationally.
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Pomeroy, Willie L. "Academic Analytics in Higher Education: Barriers to Adoption." ScholarWorks, 2011. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1180.
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The analysis of big data points and the use of data analytics have proven successful in improving corporate business efficiencies, growing profits, and increasing competitive advantages. The theory of academic capitalism, which holds that institutions of higher education are becoming more like corporations due to declining operating funds and the need to become more efficient, transparent, and competitive, guided this study. Despite the positive outcomes that analytic tools may produce in advanced efficiencies and competitive growth, college academic administrators have not yet adopted these tools, due in part to barriers facing the administrators. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the nature of those barriers in a community college. Ten academic managers in 6 community college divisions who reported accountability for criterion-based key performance indicators were interviewed on their perceived use of academic analytic tools and barriers in adopting these tools. The interviews were collected and analyzed through preliminary grouping, reducing and eliminating outliers, clustering descriptions into categories, and constructing themes. The managers' narratives suggested that there were 4 perceived barriers that prevented the adoption of tools such as organizational bureaucracy (climate), restricted organizational data (policy), training, and infrastructure. An important area for further research involves identifying the strategies managers could use to overcome these barriers. The findings of this study will assist college administrators in implementing analytic tools. Such tools will improve key performance indicators, resulting in a more cohesive and cost-effective academic experience for students, faculty, administrators, and the community.
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Kight, William D. "An analysis of reasonableness models for research assessments." ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/719.
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Individuals who screen research grant applications often select candidates on the basis of a few key parameters; success or failure can be reduced to a series of peer-reviewed Likert scores on as little as four criteria: risk, relevance, return, and reasonableness. Despite the vital impact these assessments have upon the sponsors, researchers, and society in general as a benefactor of the research, there is little empirical research into the peer-review process. The purpose of this study was to investigate how reviewers evaluate reasonableness and how the process can be modeled in a decision support system. The research questions both address the relationship between an individual's estimates of reasonableness and the indicators of scope, resources, cost, and schedule as well as evaluate the performance of several cognitive models as predictors of reasonableness. Building upon Brunswik's theory of probabilistic functionalism, a survey methodology was used to implement a policy-capturing exercise that yielded a quantitative baseline of reasonableness estimates. The subsequent data analysis addressed the predictive performance of six cognitive models as measured by the mean-square-deviation between the models and the data. A novel mapping approach developed by von Helversen and Rieskamp, a fuzzy logic model, and an exemplar model were found to outperform classic linear regression. A neural network model and the QuickEst heuristic model did not perform as well as linear regression. This information can be used in a decision support system to improve the reliability and validity of future research assessments. The positive social impact of this work would be more efficient allocation and prioritization of increasingly scarce research funds in areas of science such as social, psychological, medical, pharmaceutical, and engineering.
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Hardy, Jamison J. "Effects of Proactive Leadership on Sustainability in the Nonprofit." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1017.
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The not-for-profit community serves a vital societal role. Guided by the systems-theory, the purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to identify ways not-for-profit agencies could be more fiscally sound during difficult economic times and plan for uncertain futures. Face-to-face recorded interviews with 20 chief executives from different not-for-profit corporations in western Pennsylvania, were conducted to examine their professional lived experiences in order to collect best practices by which each executive dealt with difficult economic times. Structured interviews consisted of 8 questions that probed different aspects of the phenomena of dealing with fiscal challenges. Transcribed data were coded for both a priori and emergent themes and were categorized according to a cross-case similarities and differences of the specific responses of the CEOs. The convergent across-case findings of the current study indicated that leaders should (a) have a strategic plan, (b) utilize metrics to evaluate outcomes against goals, and (c) be willing to adjust plans accordingly. Almost all of executives indicated that remaining fiscally healthy was critical so that his organization could achieve its primary mission of serving their community. Not-for-profit organizations provide medical care to the homeless, care for the needs of the elderly, and provide specific services to children with metal disabilities helping them to become more productive. The current study contributes to positive social change by informing best practices regarding how not-for-profit corporations can continue to provide these critical social services through sustainable business practices, especially during those difficult economic times when their services are most needed.
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Turk, Jeffery I. "The Impact of Stockouts on Customer Loyalty to Lean Retailers." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1011.
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The lean inventory concept has been shown to streamline operations and improve efficiency in a retail environment. The negative side of the practice is that limited inventories increase the risk of stockouts, where a routinely available product is missing and the retailer is not able to meet customer demands. The purpose of this exploratory case study was to examine stockouts as an event and document their effects on changes in customer attitudes and behaviors. Guided by a constructivist conceptual framework, the research question explored how stockout experiences affected customers' purchasing behaviors and loyalty to brand and retailer. A survey containing both open-ended and categorical response elements was validated through a pilot study and used to collect data from 40 randomly selected participants shopping at a retail mall in eastern Pennsylvania. Data coding for qualitative data consisted of 3 sequential stages of open, axial, and selective coding into a priori themes. Categorical responses were employed in downward analyses that revealed patterns in the qualitative data. The results indicated that repeated stockout experiences decreased customers' loyalty to brand and retailer and caused customers to abandon both retailers and brand. Respondents indicated that stockout impacts can be buffered through improved inventory management and better customer service. Specific recommendations included monetary incentives, personal contacts, coupons, and item discounts. Results of this study will enable retailers to gain deeper understanding of how stockout affects customers shopping experiences and loyalty, and offer mitigation measures to improve both. Results will provide a positive change to both consumers and retailers, where shoppers will enjoy pleasant shopping experiences and retailers will maintain their competitive advantage through loyalty of their customer base.
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Moten, Kenneth W. "The Impact of Industrial Technician Skill Losses at a West Tennessee Manufacturer." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1167.
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Business survival requires that decision makers understand the critical knowledge resources that support the business' core competencies, while also facing the challenges of current labor trends. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of the management staff at a west Tennessee manufacturing facility about industrial technician skill losses. This phenomenological design included semistructured interviews of 20 managers, supervisors, and engineers and was an exploration of the potential losses from skilled worker attrition. The foundations of labor theory; knowledge management; and accounting measurements of intangible assets in advanced technology, communications, and economic systems provided the key elements of the conceptual framework. Interview data were sorted and grouped into 6 principle themes: attrition/succession planning, skills technology support, training requirements, economic benefits, support to lean operations, and skills alternative sources. These findings may enhance positive social change by informing manufacturing business leaders on the benefits of active learning organizations, collaboration with administrators of technical educational programs for improved training, replacement technologies, and utilization of the global economy for replacement workers. For skilled technical employees, the social impact of this study might ensure another generation of craft workers to help promote the prosperity of American industries and provide competitive paying worker jobs to the supportive employers, communities, and institutions.
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Thomas, Marston A. "Examining perceptions of managers and financial advisors of a mentoring program on productivity and retention." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/909.
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Researchers have found that 90% of financial advisors leave the life insurance industry in first year, 68% in the second year, and 50% in the third year. Researchers have noted the importance of mentorship aimed at work attitudes, yet there is a lack of research concerning attrition and its effects on the industry. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine managers' and financial advisors' perception of a mentoring program on advisors productivity and retention. Social learning theory was applied as the theoretical framework for this study. Data were collected from financial advisors and their managers across 13 branch offices from a major life insurance company. Data analysis included Pearson product moment, the independent t test, and analysis of variance. Specific quantitative findings indicated (a) a low but statistically significant positive correlation (r = .13) between advisors' number of years of working and mentoring scores, (b) low but statistically significant negative correlation coefficient ( r = -.19) between financial advisors' years of employment and productivity. The findings invite future research on the development of a mentoring program for advisors productivity and retention. The conclusion is that mentoring could be used to improve self-esteem and self-efficacy among advisors and a good applied recommendation would be that company leaders formulate policy to implement mentoring programs at all branches to improve job productivity and retention. Social change implications include opportunities for advisors to improve their job performance, thereby contributing revenue to the organization and the national economy.
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Drumheller, Dolores. "Information Withholding and the Management of Productivity in Teams." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1059.
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The importance of good communications between team members has been well documented. Yet previous studies on communications between team members have neglected to focus on reasons for information withholding between people working on teams. The purpose of this case study of 16 engineers and 6 educators was to understand why team members withhold information when working together. A convenience sample was selected from a software engineering organization. Collective intelligence theory in a modern communications environment was used as the theoretical foundation. This theory posits that the synergy of full group collaboration results in enhanced performance and the spread of new ideas. The exploratory research questions addressed in this study were designed to understand how employees decide what information to withhold when participating on teams; how withholding information is influenced by critical thinking, creativity, positions on a team, and type of employee; and the effects of information withholding. Collected data from online interviews were transcribed and validated via member checks, coded using open and axial coding, and analyzed. Seven themes were found: insecurity, gate keeping, discrimination, personality, creativity, organizational structure, and team management. The results of this study may provide information that can help managers understand employees' experiences with, reactions to, and opinions about information withholding and provide strategies to create an environment in which team members do not withhold information from each other, thus improving or enhancing positive social change in organizations.
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Ogunlade, Jacob Olusola. "Assessing the collaborative knowledge management of the market dominant organization." ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/683.
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Dominant firms enjoy economic strengths which enable them to compete effectively in relevant markets through the use of collaborative knowledge management (CKM). While the literature is replete with general guiding principles for companies to adopt successful business strategies, there is very limited empirical research on effectively using CKM to improve company performance and market domination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate strategies for information sharing by companies to achieve better operations management and control, a wider range of customers, and stronger competitive edge in the global economy. Epistemological foundation for the study was provided by the literature on knowledge management and organizational dynamics. Data were collected by an electronically self-administered questionnaire on a convenience sample of 80 employees of three small businesses in Memphis, Tennessee. A quantitative method using Poisson regression was applied to test the hypotheses about relationships between six independent variables of value proposition, culture building, responsibilities, information technology, approaches and assessment and the dependent variable, collaborative knowledge management. Results indicate that value proposition, information technology, and building an organizational culture of responsibilities and best practices play significant roles in effective CKM. Social change implications of the study suggest that high-intensity collaborative knowledge management would produce creative leaders and workers, improved leader-worker collaboration, and more effective use of information technologies in organizational intelligence and decision making.
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Feltham, Doris K. "The Adoption of International Accounting Standards for Small- and Medium-Sized Entities." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1043.
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U.S. private entities considering adoption of International Standards for Small- and Medium-sized Entities (IFRS for SMEs) need to understand how the new standards will modify financial reporting. However, there has been no determination of the significance of the financial statement impact of changing from United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (U.S. GAAP) to IFRS for SMEs. Without this knowledge, private entities in the United States will not be able to make an informed decision as to the benefits or consequences of adopting IFRS for SMEs. Based on stakeholder theory, this study sought to determine how adoption of IFRS for SMEs would affect the financial reporting of U.S. private entities. Using identified reporting differences between the 2 sets of standards, hypothetical 2010 IFRS for SMEs' financial statements were prepared for 3 participating entities. Analysis of variation between the hypothetical IFRS for SMEs' financial statements and the original U.S. GAAP financial statements provided a means to determine the financial reporting impact of IFRS for SMEs' adoption. In each of the 3 case studies, adoption of IFRS for SMEs did not significantly influence the financial reporting of U.S private entities, indicating that the communication of financial information would be fundamentally the same using the simplified IFRS for SMEs or the more complex U.S. GAAP. The results of this study suggest that IFRS for SMEs should be considered an acceptable set of standards for the preparation of quality financial statements by U.S. private entities. This study positively contributes to social change by providing new knowledge to assist private companies in the evaluation of the adoption of IFRS for SMEs; such knowledge could, in turn, reduce financial reporting costs and improve the SMEs' economic conditions.
Books on the topic "Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods"
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Anderson, David R. (David Ray), 1941-, ed. Quantitative methods II. 2nd ed. Scarborough, Ont: Nelson Education, 2011.
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Anderson, David R. Quantitative methods for business. 5th ed. St. Paul: West Pub. Co, 1992.
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Anderson, David R. Quantitative methods for business. 4th ed. St. Paul: West Publishing, 1989.
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Cooke, William P. Quantitative methods for managementdecisions. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1985.
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Anderson, David R. Quantitative methods for business. 6th ed. Minneapolis/St. Paul: West Publishing Co, 1995.
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Anderson, David R. Quantitative methods for business. 7th ed. Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western College Publishing, 1997.
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J, Sweeney Dennis, and Willliams Thomas A, eds. Quantitative methods for business. 5th ed. St. Paul: West Publishing Co., 1992.
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Anderson, David R. Quantitative methods for business. 6th ed. Minneapolis/St. Paul: West Pub. Co, 1995.
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Anderson, David Ray. Quantitative methods for business. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods"
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Epting, Jannis, Peter Huggenberger, Christian Regli, Natalie Spoljaric, and Ralph Kirchhofer. "Integrated Methods for Urban Groundwater Management Considering Subsurface Heterogeneity." In Quantitative Information Fusion for Hydrological Sciences, 183–218. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75384-1_8.
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Pettinger, Richard. "Quantitative methods." In Introduction to Management, 299–323. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23258-1_11.
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Pettinger, Richard. "Quantitative methods." In Introduction to Management, 272–96. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-21899-5_13.
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Pettinger, Richard. "Quantitative methods." In Introduction to Management, 277–300. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14383-2_9.
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Bendato, Ilaria, Lucia Cassettari, Roberto Mosca, and Fabio Rolando. "Improving the Efficiency of a Hospital ED According to Lean Management Principles Through System Dynamics and Discrete Event Simulation Combined with Quantitative Methods." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 555–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22689-7_43.
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Niskanen, Vesa A. "Quantitative Data Examination." In Soft Computing Methods in Human Sciences, 84–197. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36421-4_6.
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Oakshott, Les. "Managing stock levels: materials management and inventory control." In Essential Quantitative Methods, 410–22. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-51856-9_16.
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Oakshott, Les. "Managing Stock Levels: Materials Management and Inventory Control." In Essential Quantitative Methods, 421–33. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-36581-0_16.
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Wilson, Leigh A. "Quantitative Research." In Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences, 27–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5251-4_54.
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Wilson, Leigh A. "Quantitative Research." In Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences, 1–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2779-6_54-1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods"
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Liu, Dun-nan, Heng Xie, and Hai-chao Wang. "Quantitative Analysis Methods for Electricity Market." In 2009 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2009.5304212.
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AlMukdad, Sawsan, Nancy Zaglou, Ahmed Awaisu, Nadir Kheir, Ziyad Mahfoud, and Maguy El Hajj. "Exploring the Role of Community Pharmacists in Weight Management in Qatar: A Mixed Methods study." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0154.
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Aim: Obesity is a major public health burden in Qatar. Pharmacists can play an important role in providing weight management services (WMS). This study aimed to explore the attitude, practice, perceived competence and role of community pharmacists in obesity and WMS in Qatar. Methods: A mixed-method explanatory sequential design was applied in the study. A validated online questionnaire was used followed by qualitative one-to-one interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences Version 24, while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Of 600 randomly selected community pharmacists, 270 completed the survey (response rate 45%). More than half of the pharmacists indicated that they often or always explain to patients the risks associated with overweight and obesity (56.2%), recommend weight loss medications, herbs or dietary supplements (52.4%), and counsel about their proper use and/or side effects (56.9%). Conversely, a large proportion of the pharmacists rarely or never measure patients’ waist circumference (83.8%) or calculate their body mass index (72.1%). Over 80% had very positive attitudes towards their role in weight management. Around three-quarters of the participants agreed or strongly agreed that difficulty in following-up with the patient (80.7%), lack of private consultation area (75.7%) and lack of pharmacist time (75.2%) are barriers for implementing WMS. More than 60% stated that they are fully competent in 7 out of 24 WMS related statements. Some emerging include pharmacist’s role and impact in weight management, need for training about weight management, impact of social media on patients’ perceptions, and adoption of best practices for WMS. Conclusion: Qatar pharmacists reported positive attitudes towards provision of WMS. However, they identified several barriers against provision of comprehensive weight management programs. Several strategies are proposed to overcome barriers and to improve provision of WMS in community pharmacies in Qatar.
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Hincapie, Juan, Jim Lee, and William Emblom. "Sensitivity Analysis on Inventory Classification Methods for Oilfield Equipment Industry." In ASME 2011 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2011-50172.
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This paper presents a case study for inventory management for an oilfield equipment company. The management encounters the problem of deciding which parts to manufacture in-house and which ones to subcontract. A decision support system (DSS) is developed which ranks component parts by integrating multi-criteria classification methods considering both quantitative (e.g., cost and demand) and qualitative (e.g., importance) factors. The focus on this research is to perform a sensitivity analysis on weight assignment for each criterion. This information is important in applications of inventory management since industries may not be able to manufacture all the necessary parts on time. Real world data from an oilfield equipment industry are used where inventory control problems have arisen because the company does not have the capacity to manufacture all the required parts to satisfy customer orders.
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Stepaniuk, Krzysztof. "MEMETIC TRANSFER OF ATTRIBUTES OF THE IMAGE AS AN ELEMENT OF CONTENT MANAGEMENT OF TOURIST SNS." In Business and Management 2016. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2016.70.
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The article presents an innovative approach to content management, resulting from the synthesis of biological and management sciences. The aim of the article was to develop a theoretical foundation for the assessment of the effectiveness of the spread of content of a memetic nature. To achieve the objectives of the paper the author has applied the method of quantitative and qualitative analysis of content and the method of literature analysis. Based on the proposed evaluation capacity factor of a single attribute of memetic content, an analysis of the content (photographs) published on fb fan pages of selected hotels in Poland has been conducted. Identifying the specific memetic attributes in the population of the analysed photographs, the potential of spreading of particular groups of content within the social network has been examined. It has been shown that the proposed rate may support the process of content management, in the context of, among others, creating an image of a tourist site.
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Macalik, Joanna, and Adam Sulich. "External employer branding of sustainable organizations." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.054.
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Purpose – the purpose of the article is to examine whether and to what extent selected Polish companies implement so-called “green employer branding” in communication with their external stakeholders. Research methodology – the article consists of the theoretical part, which uses the critical analysis of the scientific literature on both green or sustainable organizations and external employer branding; and the practical part, which uses the case study method and content analysis of companies' websites, job advertisements, and social media. Findings – the main results of the conducted research concern the scope, tools, and methods of creating a green employer brand of Polish enterprises. The conducted case study and content analysis showed that Polish enterprises consciously manage their employer brand, emphasizing the ecological aspects of their business activities. The obtained results complement knowledge in the area of management sciences with detailed conclusions regarding the green employer branding. Research limitations – the conducted analysis is a preliminary examination. Its limitations are primarily related to the methods used for qualitative research, as well as a limited research sample. In the future, such limitations might be overcome by using quantitative research methods and the extension of the research sample. Practical implications – the results of the research constitute a set of good practices in the field of green employer branding. The formulated model can help formulate the strategy of external employer branding. Originality/Value – presented research is very first attempt to describe employer branding actions in the aspect of green management in Poland
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Keränen, Susanna. "Content Management - Concept and Indexing Term Equivalence in a Multilingual Thesaurus." In 2002 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2511.
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Languages and the thinking they reflect stem mainly from cultural needs for expression. A controlled vocabulary, thesaurus, can be seen as a cultural product. The focus of this study is the translatability of British-English social science indexing terms into Finnish language and culture on a conceptual, term and indexing term level. The emphasis is on Finnish language and human factors. The study is quantitative-qualitative and the perspectives are both linguistic and sociological - a combination through which a broader understanding of the phenomena is being aimed at in the general frame of information science. The study uses multiple cases aiming at theoretical replication. It is thus an empirical case study and the goal is to illustrate a new theory of “pragmatic indexing (term) equivalence”. Several data collection and analysis methods will be used in order to construct a theory by triangulation of evidence. The aim of this research is a doctoral thesis in information studies.
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L. Owoc, Mieczyslaw. "Knowledgebases: A Management Context and Development Determinants." In 2003 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2698.
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Contemporary computers give huge possibilities for processing different structures of data e.g. multimedia data types and very unconstrained in construction - object types. Moreover these different structures are processed using methods called intelligent. Knowledgebases (a specific sort of intelligent systems), as a consequence of variety of solutions, belong ambiguous terms. Principally, applications with a stored knowledgebase and a reasoning mechanism - to stress its structural components - are termed knowledgebases. Directions of the research concerning knowledgebases and expressing their peculiar characteristics (coming from the main message of scientific formation in the past) are presented in this paper. The starting point of the paper is observed impact of management processes on intelligent systems and vice versa. Managerial context (including classical, behavioural, quantitative, integrating contemporary and future management approaches) of knowledgebases became the ground to draft development of applications of this sort framework. Taking into account research on knowledgebases, a set of knowledgebase development determinants is discussed.
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Kamaludin, Kamaludin. "HUMAN RESOURCES AVAILABILITY IN GLAM DEVELOPMENT AT INDONESIA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES (LIPI)." In International Conference on Documentation and Information. Pusat Data dan Dokumentasi Ilmiah, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/icdi.v4i.79.
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The collections of galleries, libraries, archives and museums (GLAM) are still scattered in the work units at LIPI. To manage these collections, adequate human resources, both quantitative and qualitative, are needed. When this research was conducted, there was a socialization activity to collaborate the GLAM management among work units at LIPI. This study aims to determine human resources available in developing GLAM at LIPI. The research method used was qualitative research. Analysis of data in qualitative research was carried out narratively. The research results show that human resources for gallery/museum exhibition at LIPI have been managed by the Center for the Utilization and Innovation of Science and Technology (PPII)-LIPI in collaboration with third parties since 2020. There were 49 librarians (37 expert librarians and 12 skilled librarians), while the number of archivists was 141 (one hundred and forty-one) people (83 Expert Archivists and 58 Skilled Archivists). The collaboration of PPII-LIPI with third parties has carried out human resources for museum management at LIPI since 2020. To improve the quality, human resources managing GLAM at LIPI need to be continuously improved, both through formal and non-formal education. The number of librarians and archivists are sufficient, but they must improve their abilities, considering that the GLAM institution at LIPI will just be developed. Of course, this GLAM is still perceived as a new institution by librarians and archivists at LIPI. It is recommended that during the development of the GLAM, gallery and museum management can be carried out by LIPI employees who have competence in galleries and museums.
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Furukawa, Masaru. "Database Agile Management Dependent on MIS Infrastructure." In 2001 Informing Science Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2427.
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Today agility of management cannot be realized unless given all of the following three kinds of quickness: a) quick recognition of environmental changes, b) quick decision-making on countermeasures against these changes, and c) quick implementation of the countermeasures chosen. In the business world nowadays the quickness of a) concerns information that an MIS deals with, the quickness of b) concerns use of an MIS for decision-making, and the quickness of c) concerns change of an MIS itself. With a focus on c) and assuming that flexibility is a core property that an MIS should acquire to realize agile management, our study aims to clarify how MIS flexibility should be enhanced. With this aim in mind, we will survey the sources and types of change demands on an MIS and consider in a structured way the characteristics that an MIS should have, such that they will conduce to its flexibility in dealing with these change demands. Having laid the groundwork mentioned so far, we will discuss practical methods to enhance MIS flexibility, and end by presenting our evaluation procedure for MIS flexibility. In this paper, we have focused on and presented the following: the causes of change demands on an MIS, the internal and ex external factors that an MIS should maintain to cope with change demands, and the procedure for evaluation of MIS flexibility via analysis of the relationship between the internal and external factors. Specifically, we have elucidated the following: • MIS flexibility is an index of the ability of an MIS to absorb future change demands on it. • MIS flexibility can be evaluated quantitatively in terms of the substitute index of POC (penalty of change). • MIS flexibility consists of internal and external factors. Evaluation of external factors focuses on the volume of change demands an MIS can absorb, and evaluation of internal factors focuses on the variety of strategies to evade change risks. We have treated POC as a common index to evaluate the two categories of MIS flexibility factors. • External factors of MIS flexibility are constrained by internal factors. • Renovation of MIS infrastructure means application of information technology for evasion of change risks accompanying MIS implementation. • Proper renovation of MIS infrastructure will enhance the internal characteristics of MIS flexibility. The challenges confronting us ahead are the detailed and practical studies on the following: • quantitative relationship between each internal and external factor, • behavior of cost and utility of MIS use and MIS infrastructure on the time axis.
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Kulhawy, Amanda, Alex Nemeth, Garry Sommer, and Sherif Hassanien. "Risk-Based Integrity Decision Making for Lateral Piping." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78379.
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Integrity reliability science plays a major role in the integrity management of transmission piping, which is piping that traverses long distances across the continent, at high pressures, and can experience high pressure cycling. This science can be applied to non-transmission piping such as lateral piping, which traverses between a transmission line and a facility, or between two facilities, at lower pressures and with lower pressure cycling. Laterals are susceptible to the same threats as transmission lines (internal corrosion, external corrosion, cracking, geotechnical hazards, etc.). However, due to their operation, laterals are only highly susceptible to internal and external corrosion. While site specific conditions may result in a high susceptibility of a geotechnical hazard, this threat is outside of the scope of this paper. On transmission piping, corrosion is generally managed with In-Line Inspection (ILI), Non-Destructive Examination (NDE), and corresponding repairs (e.g. sleeving) to assess and mitigate. With laterals, there can be limited ILI and NDE data. As such, the data used in the quantitative reliability framework for these threats is not available and this creates a gap in the process. This paper addresses this gap through the application of semi-quantitative reliability analysis for internal and external corrosion on laterals along with a risk-based integrity decision making framework. The proposed approach is designed to enable pipeline and facility operators to make effective decisions around lateral integrity programs given the available data, and to better understand the limitations of integrity decision making. Moreover, the paper expands the discussion around the difference between risk-informed and risk-based integrity decision making in order to provide a guideline for optimal and safe integrity management programs considering different criteria. Case studies that include limited or no ILI or NDE information are used to demonstrate the application of semi-quantitative and quantitative reliability assessment of laterals along with the exploration of challenges in calibrating the two assessment methods to provide an example of how reliability science can be applied to laterals and how this can be used in effective decision making given such limitations.
Reports on the topic "Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods"
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Appoev, R. K., and Zh V. Ignatenko. Electronic educational and methodical complex of discipline "Operations research and optimization methods" (in areas of training 38.00.00 Economics and Management, 09.00.00 Computer Science and Engineering, 44.00.00 Education and pedagogical sciences). North-Caucasian Social Institute, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/appoevignatenko.01062016.21898.
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Treadwell, Jonathan R., Mingche Wu, and Amy Y. Tsou. Management of Infantile Epilepsies. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer252.
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Objectives. Uncontrolled seizures in children 1 to 36 months old have serious short-term health risks and may be associated with substantial developmental, behavioral, and psychological impairments. We evaluated the effectiveness, comparative effectiveness, and harms of pharmacologic, dietary, surgical, neuromodulation, and gene therapy treatments for infantile epilepsies. Data sources. We searched Embase®, MEDLINE®, PubMed®, the Cochrane Library, and gray literature for studies published from January 1, 1999, to August 19, 2021. Review methods. Using standard Evidence-based Practice Center methods, we refined the scope and applied a priori inclusion criteria to the >10,000 articles identified. We ordered full text of any pediatric epilepsy articles to determine if they reported any data on those age 1 month to <36 months. We extracted key information from each included study, rated risk of bias, and rated the strength of evidence. We summarized the studies and outcomes narratively. Results. Forty-one studies (44 articles) met inclusion criteria. For pharmacotherapy, levetiracetam may cause seizure freedom in some patients (strength of evidence [SOE]: low), but data on other medications (topiramate, lamotrigine, phenytoin, vigabatrin, rufinamide, stiripentol) were insufficient to permit conclusions. Both ketogenic diet and the modified Atkins diet may reduce seizure frequency (SOE: low for both). In addition, the ketogenic diet may cause seizure freedom in some infants (SOE: low) and may be more likely than the modified Atkins diet to reduce seizure frequency (SOE: low). Both hemispherectomy/hemispherotomy and non-hemispheric surgical procedures may cause seizure freedom in some infants (SOE: low for both), but the precise proportion is too variable to estimate. For three medications (levetiracetam, topiramate, and lamotrigine), adverse effects may rarely be severe enough to warrant discontinuation (SOE: low). For topiramate, non-severe adverse effects include loss of appetite and upper respiratory tract infection (SOE: moderate). Harms of diets were sparsely reported. For surgical interventions, surgical mortality is rare for functional hemispherectomy/hemispherotomy and non-hemispheric procedures (SOE: low), but evidence was insufficient to permit quantitative estimates of mortality or morbidity risk. Hydrocephalus requiring shunt placement after multilobar, lobar, or focal resection is uncommon (SOE: low). No studies assessed neuromodulation or gene therapy. Conclusions. Levetiracetam, ketogenic diet, modified Atkins diet, and surgery all appear to be effective for some infants. However, the strength of the evidence is low for all of these modalities due to lack of control groups, low patient enrollment, and inconsistent reporting. Future studies should compare different pharmacologic treatments and compare pharmacotherapy with dietary therapy. Critical outcomes underrepresented in the literature include quality of life, sleep outcomes, and long-term development.
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Bonfil, David J., Daniel S. Long, and Yafit Cohen. Remote Sensing of Crop Physiological Parameters for Improved Nitrogen Management in Semi-Arid Wheat Production Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7696531.bard.
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To reduce financial risk and N losses to the environment, fertilization methods are needed that improve NUE and increase the quality of wheat. In the literature, ample attention is given to grid-based and zone-based soil testing to determine the soil N available early in the growing season. Plus, information is available on in-season N topdressing applications as a means of improving GPC. However, the vast majority of research has focused on wheat that is grown under N limiting conditions in sub-humid regions and irrigated fields. Less attention has been given to wheat in dryland that is water limited. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine accuracy in determining GPC of HRSW in Israel and SWWW in Oregon using on-combine optical sensors under field conditions; (2) develop a quantitative relationship between image spectral reflectance and effective crop physiological parameters; (3) develop an operational precision N management procedure that combines variable-rate N recommendations at planting as derived from maps of grain yield, GPC, and test weight; and at mid-season as derived from quantitative relationships, remote sensing, and the DSS; and (4) address the economic and technology-transfer aspects of producers’ needs. Results from the research suggest that optical sensing and the DSS can be used for estimating the N status of dryland wheat and deciding whether additional N is needed to improve GPC. Significant findings include: 1. In-line NIR reflectance spectroscopy can be used to rapidly and accurately (SEP <5.0 mg g⁻¹) measure GPC of a grain stream conveyed by an auger. 2. On-combine NIR spectroscopy can be used to accurately estimate (R² < 0.88) grain test weight across fields. 3. Precision N management based on N removal increases GPC, grain yield, and profitability in rainfed wheat. 4. Hyperspectral SI and partial least squares (PLS) models have excellent potential for estimation of biomass, and water and N contents of wheat. 5. A novel heading index can be used to monitor spike emergence of wheat with classification accuracy between 53 and 83%. 6. Index MCARI/MTVI2 promises to improve remote sensing of wheat N status where water- not soil N fertility, is the main driver of plant growth. Important features include: (a) computable from commercial aerospace imagery that include the red edge waveband, (b) sensitive to Chl and resistant to variation in crop biomass, and (c) accommodates variation in soil reflectance. Findings #1 and #2 above enable growers to further implement an efficient, low cost PNM approach using commercially available on-combine optical sensors. Finding #3 suggests that profit opportunities may exist from PNM based on information from on-combine sensing and aerospace remote sensing. Finding #4, with its emphasis on data retrieval and accuracy, enhances the potential usefulness of a DSS as a tool for field crop management. Finding #5 enables land managers to use a DSS to ascertain at mid-season whether a wheat crop should be harvested for grain or forage. Finding #6a expands potential commercial opportunities of MS imagery and thus has special importance to a majority of aerospace imaging firms specializing in the acquisition and utilization of these data. Finding #6b on index MCARI/MVTI2 has great potential to expand use of ground-based sensing and in-season N management to millions of hectares of land in semiarid environments where water- not N, is the main determinant of grain yield. Finding #6c demonstrates that MCARI/MTVI2 may alleviate the requirement of multiple N-rich reference strips to account for soil differences within farm fields. This simplicity will be less demanding of grower resources, promising substantially greater acceptance of sensing technologies for in-season N management.
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Berkman, Nancy D., Eva Chang, Julie Seibert, Rania Ali, Deborah Porterfield, Linda Jiang, Roberta Wines, Caroline Rains, and Meera Viswanathan. Management of High-Need, High-Cost Patients: A “Best Fit” Framework Synthesis, Realist Review, and Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer246.
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Background. In the United States, patients referred to as high-need, high-cost (HNHC) constitute a very small percentage of the patient population but account for a disproportionally high level of healthcare use and cost. Payers, health systems, and providers would like to improve the quality of care and health outcomes for HNHC patients and reduce their costly use of potentially preventable or modifiable healthcare services, including emergency department (ED) and hospital visits. Methods. We assessed evidence of criteria that identify HNHC patients (best fit framework synthesis); developed program theories on the relationship among contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes of interventions intended to change HNHC patient behaviors (realist review); and assessed the effectiveness of interventions (systematic review). We searched databases, gray literature, and other sources for evidence available from January 1, 2000, to March 4, 2021. We included quantitative and qualitative studies of HNHC patients (high healthcare use or cost) age 18 and over who received intervention services in a variety of settings. Results. We included 110 studies (117 articles). Consistent with our best fit framework, characteristics associated with HNHC include patient chronic clinical conditions, behavioral health factors including depression and substance use disorder, and social risk factors including homelessness and poverty. We also identified prior healthcare use and race as important predictors. We found limited evidence of approaches for distinguishing potentially preventable or modifiable high use from all high use. To understand how and why interventions work, we developed three program theories in our realist review that explain (1) targeting HNHC patients, (2) engaging HNHC patients, and (3) engaging care providers in these interventions. Theories identify the need for individualizing and tailoring services for HNHC patients and the importance of building trusting relationships. For our systematic review, we categorized evidence based on primary setting. We found that ED-, primary care–, and home-based care models result in reduced use of healthcare services (moderate to low strength of evidence [SOE]); ED, ambulatory intensive caring unit, and primary care-based models result in reduced costs (low SOE); and system-level transformation and telephonic/mail models do not result in changes in use or costs (low SOE). Conclusions. Patient characteristics can be used to identify patients who are potentially HNHC. Evidence focusing specifically on potentially preventable or modifiable high use was limited. Based on our program theories, we conclude that individualized and tailored patient engagement and resources to support care providers are critical to the success of interventions. Although we found evidence of intervention effectiveness in relation to cost and use, the studies identified in this review reported little information for determining why individual programs work, for whom, and when.
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Khvostina, Inesa, Serhiy Semerikov, Oleh Yatsiuk, Nadiia Daliak, Olha Romanko, and Ekaterina Shmeltser. Casual analysis of financial and operational risks of oil and gas companies in condition of emergent economy. [б. в.], October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4120.
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The need to control the risk that accompanies businesses in their day- to-day operations, and at the same time changing economic conditions make risk management an almost indispensable element of economic life. Selection of the main aspects of the selected phases of the risk management process: risk identification and risk assessment are related to their direct relationship with the subject matter (risk identification to be managed; risk analysis leading to the establishment of a risk hierarchy, and, consequently, the definition of risk control’ methods) and its purpose (bringing the risk to acceptable level). It is impossible to identify the basic patterns of development of the oil and gas industry without exploring the relationship between economic processes and enterprise risks. The latter are subject to simulation, and based on models it is possible to determine with certain probability whether there have been qualitative and quantitative changes in the processes, in their mutual influence on each other, etc. The work is devoted to exploring the possibilities of applying the Granger test to examine the causal relationship between the risks and obligations of oil and gas companies. The analysis is based on statistical tests and the use of linear regression models.
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Sett, Dominic, Florian Waldschmidt, Alvaro Rojas-Ferreira, Saut Sagala, Teresa Arce Mojica, Preeti Koirala, Patrick Sanady, et al. Climate and disaster risk analytics tool for adaptive social protection. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/wnsg2302.
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Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) as discussed in this report is an approach to enhance the well-being of communities at risk. As an integrated approach, ASP builds on the interface of Disaster Risk Management (DRM), Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Social Protection (SP) to address interconnected risks by building resilience, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of traditionally sectoral approaches. The design of meaningful ASP measures needs to be informed by specific information on risk, risk drivers and impacts on communities at risk. In contrast, a limited understanding of risk and its drivers can potentially lead to maladaptation practices. Therefore, multidimensional risk assessments are vital for the successful implementation of ASP. Although many sectoral tools to assess risks exist, available integrated risk assessment methods across sectors are still inadequate in the context of ASP, presenting an important research and implementation gap. ASP is now gaining international momentum, making the timely development of a comprehensive risk analytics tool even more important, including in Indonesia, where nationwide implementation of ASP is currently under way. OBJECTIVE: To address this gap, this study explores the feasibility of a climate and disaster risk analytics tool for ASP (CADRAT-ASP), combining sectoral risk assessment in the context of ASP with a more comprehensive risk analytics approach. Risk analytics improve the understanding of risks by locating and quantifying the potential impacts of disasters. For example, the Economics of Climate Adaptation (ECA) framework quantifies probable current and expected future impacts of extreme events and determines the monetary cost and benefits of specific risk management and adaptation measures. Using the ECA framework, this report examines the viability and practicality of applying a quantitative risk analytics approach for non-financial and non-tangible assets that were identified as central to ASP. This quantitative approach helps to identify cost-effective interventions to support risk-informed decision making for ASP. Therefore, we used Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, as a case study, to identify potential entry points and examples for the further development and application of such an approach. METHODS & RESULTS: The report presents an analysis of central risks and related impacts on communities in the context of ASP. In addition, central social protection dimensions (SPD) necessary for the successful implementation of ASP and respective data needs from a theoretical perspective are identified. The application of the quantitative ECA framework is tested for tropical storms in the context of ASP, providing an operational perspective on technical feasibility. Finally, recommendations on further research for the potential application of a suitable ASP risk analytics tool in Indonesia are proposed. Results show that the ECA framework and its quantitative modelling platform CLIMADA successfully quantified the impact of tropical storms on four SPDs. These SPDs (income, access to health, access to education and mobility) were selected based on the results from the Hazard, Exposure and Vulnerability Assessment (HEVA) conducted to support the development of an ASP roadmap for the Republic of Indonesia (UNU-EHS 2022, forthcoming). The SPDs were modelled using remote sensing, gridded data and available global indices. The results illustrate the value of the outcome to inform decision making and a better allocation of resources to deliver ASP to the case study area. RECOMMENDATIONS: This report highlights strong potential for the application of the ECA framework in the ASP context. The impact of extreme weather events on four social protection dimensions, ranging from access to health care and income to education and mobility, were successfully quantified. In addition, further developments of CADRAT-ASP can be envisaged to improve modelling results and uptake of this tool in ASP implementation. Recommendations are provided for four central themes: mainstreaming the CADRAT approach into ASP, data and information needs for the application of CADRAT-ASP, methodological advancements of the ECA framework to support ASP and use of CADRAT-ASP for improved resilience-building. Specific recommendations are given, including the integration of additional hazards, such as flood, drought or heatwaves, for a more comprehensive outlook on potential risks. This would provide a broader overview and allow for multi-hazard risk planning. In addition, high-resolution local data and stakeholder involvement can increase both ownership and the relevance of SPDs. Further recommendations include the development of a database and the inclusion of climate and socioeconomic scenarios in analyses.
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Crowley, David E., Dror Minz, and Yitzhak Hadar. Shaping Plant Beneficial Rhizosphere Communities. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594387.bard.
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PGPR bacteria include taxonomically diverse bacterial species that function for improving plant mineral nutrition, stress tolerance, and disease suppression. A number of PGPR are being developed and commercialized as soil and seed inoculants, but to date, their interactions with resident bacterial populations are still poorly understood, and-almost nothing is known about the effects of soil management practices on their population size and activities. To this end, the original objectives of this research project were: 1) To examine microbial community interactions with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and their plant hosts. 2) To explore the factors that affect PGPR population size and activity on plant root surfaces. In our original proposal, we initially prqposed the use oflow-resolution methods mainly involving the use of PCR-DGGE and PLFA profiles of community structure. However, early in the project we recognized that the methods for studying soil microbial communities were undergoing an exponential leap forward to much more high resolution methods using high-throughput sequencing. The application of these methods for studies on rhizosphere ecology thus became a central theme in these research project. Other related research by the US team focused on identifying PGPR bacterial strains and examining their effective population si~es that are required to enhance plant growth and on developing a simulation model that examines the process of root colonization. As summarized in the following report, we characterized the rhizosphere microbiome of four host plant species to determine the impact of the host (host signature effect) on resident versus active communities. Results of our studies showed a distinct plant host specific signature among wheat, maize, tomato and cucumber, based on the following three parameters: (I) each plant promoted the activity of a unique suite of soil bacterial populations; (2) significant variations were observed in the number and the degree of dominance of active populations; and (3)the level of contribution of active (rRNA-based) populations to the resident (DNA-based) community profiles. In the rhizoplane of all four plants a significant reduction of diversity was observed, relative to the bulk soil. Moreover, an increase in DNA-RNA correspondence indicated higher representation of active bacterial populations in the residing rhizoplane community. This research demonstrates that the host plant determines the bacterial community composition in its immediate vicinity, especially with respect to the active populations. Based on the studies from the US team, we suggest that the effective population size PGPR should be maintained at approximately 105 cells per gram of rhizosphere soil in the zone of elongation to obtain plant growth promotion effects, but emphasize that it is critical to also consider differences in the activity based on DNA-RNA correspondence. The results ofthis research provide fundamental new insight into the composition ofthe bacterial communities associated with plant roots, and the factors that affect their abundance and activity on root surfaces. Virtually all PGPR are multifunctional and may be expected to have diverse levels of activity with respect to production of plant growth hormones (regulation of root growth and architecture), suppression of stress ethylene (increased tolerance to drought and salinity), production of siderophores and antibiotics (disease suppression), and solubilization of phosphorus. The application of transcriptome methods pioneered in our research will ultimately lead to better understanding of how management practices such as use of compost and soil inoculants can be used to improve plant yields, stress tolerance, and disease resistance. As we look to the future, the use of metagenomic techniques combined with quantitative methods including microarrays, and quantitative peR methods that target specific genes should allow us to better classify, monitor, and manage the plant rhizosphere to improve crop yields in agricultural ecosystems. In addition, expression of several genes in rhizospheres of both cucumber and whet roots were identified, including mostly housekeeping genes. Denitrification, chemotaxis and motility genes were preferentially expressed in wheat while in cucumber roots bacterial genes involved in catalase, a large set of polysaccharide degradation and assimilatory sulfate reduction genes were preferentially expressed.
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Gantzer, Clark J., Shmuel Assouline, and Stephen H. Anderson. Synchrotron CMT-measured soil physical properties influenced by soil compaction. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587242.bard.
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Methods to quantify soil conditions of pore connectivity, tortuosity, and pore size as altered by compaction were done. Air-dry soil cores were scanned at the GeoSoilEnviroCARS sector at the Advanced Photon Source for x-ray computed microtomography of the Argonne facility. Data was collected on the APS bending magnet Sector 13. Soil sample cores 5- by 5-mm were studied. Skeletonization algorithms in the 3DMA-Rock software of Lindquist et al. were used to extract pore structure. We have numerically investigated the spatial distribution for 6 geometrical characteristics of the pore structure of repacked Hamra soil from three-dimensional synchrotron computed microtomography (CMT) computed tomographic images. We analyzed images representing cores volumes 58.3 mm³ having average porosities of 0.44, 0.35, and 0.33. Cores were packed with < 2mm and < 0.5mm sieved soil. The core samples were imaged at 9.61-mm resolution. Spatial distributions for pore path length and coordination number, pore throat size and nodal pore volume obtained. The spatial distributions were computed using a three-dimensional medial axis analysis of the void space in the image. We used a newly developed aggressive throat computation to find throat and pore partitioning for needed for higher porosity media such as soil. Results show that the coordination number distribution measured from the medial axis were reasonably fit by an exponential relation P(C)=10⁻C/C0. Data for the characteristic area, were also reasonably well fit by the relation P(A)=10⁻ᴬ/ᴬ0. Results indicates that compression preferentially affects the largest pores, reducing them in size. When compaction reduced porosity from 44% to 33%, the average pore volume reduced by 30%, and the average pore-throat area reduced by 26%. Compaction increased the shortest paths interface tortuosity by about 2%. Soil structure alterations induced by compaction using quantitative morphology show that the resolution is sufficient to discriminate soil cores. This study shows that analysis of CMT can provide information to assist in assessment of soil management to ameliorate soil compaction.
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Wisniewski, Michael E., Samir Droby, John L. Norelli, Noa Sela, and Elena Levin. Genetic and transcriptomic analysis of postharvest decay resistance in Malus sieversii and the characterization of pathogenicity effectors in Penicillium expansum. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600013.bard.
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Blue mold of apple caused by Penicilliumexpansumis a major postharvest disease. Selection for postharvest disease resistance in breeding programs has been ignored in favor of fruit quality traits such as size, color, taste, etc. The identification of postharvest disease resistance as a heritable trait would represent a significant accomplishment and has not been attempted in apple. Furthermore, insight into the biology of the pathogenicity of P. expansumin apple could provide new approaches to postharvest decay management. Hypothesis: Postharvest resistance of apple to P. expansumcan be mapped to specific genetic loci and significant quantitative-trait-loci (QTLs) can be identified that account for a major portion of the population variance. Susceptibility of apple fruit to P. expansumis dependent on the ability of the pathogen to produce LysM effectors that actively suppress primary and/or secondary resistance mechanisms in the fruit. Objectives: 1) Identify QTL(s) and molecular markers for blue mold resistance in GMAL4593 mapping population (‘Royal Gala’ X MalussieversiiPI613981), 2) Characterize the transcriptome of the host and pathogen (P. expansum) during the infection process 3) Determine the function of LysM genes in pathogenicity of P. expansum. Methods: A phenotypic evaluation of blue mold resistance in the GMAL4593 mapping population, conducted in several different years, will be used for QTL analysis (using MapQTL 6.0) to identify loci associated with blue mold resistance. Molecular markers will be developed for the resistance loci. Transcriptomic analysis by RNA-seq will be used to conduct a time course study of gene expression in resistant and susceptible apple GMAL4593 genotypes in response to P. expansum, as well as fungal responses to both genotypes. Candidate resistance genes identified in the transcriptomic study and or bioinformatic analysis will be positioned in the ‘Golden Delicious’ genome to identify markers that co-locate with the identified QTL(s). A functional analysis of LysM genes on pathogenicity will be conducted by eliminating or reducing the expression of individual effectors by heterologous recombination and silencing technologies. LysMeffector genes will also be expressed in a yeast expression system to study protein function. Expected Results: Identification of postharvest disease resistance QTLs and tightly-linked genetic markers. Increased knowledge of the role of effectors in blue mold pathogenic