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Journal articles on the topic '“Management Sodium Hypochlorite Accidents'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 8 September 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Kanagasingam, Shalini, and Igor R. Blum. "Sodium Hypochlorite Extrusion Accidents: Management and Medico-Legal Considerations." Primary Dental Journal 9, no. 4 (November 23, 2020): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050168420963308.

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Sodium hypochlorite is considered the most widely used irrigant in endodontics as it exhibits effective antimicrobial activity and has potent tissue-dissolving ability. Whilst it is considered safe when used within the confines of the root canal system, it can cause serious complications when inadvertent periradicular extrusion occurs. This article outlines the complications of sodium hypochlorite extrusion and reviews the appropriate management based on the contemporary evidence. Preventive measures are suggested and the relevant medico-legal considerations are outlined.

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Prasad, Ashwini B., Deepak Raisingani, Harshit Srivastava, Anubha Sejra, Neha Mittal, and Garima Udawat. "Management of Sodium Hypochlorite Accident: A Case Report." Journal of Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences and Technology 4, no. 1 (2019): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10057-0095.

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3

Rai, Kulwant, Munish Goel, Prabhat Mandhotra, Gurmeet Sachdeva, Shweta Verma, and Lisha Thakur. "Management of Sodium Hypochlorite Accident: A Case Report." British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research 18, no. 9 (January 10, 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjmmr/2016/29062.

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4

Singh, Kunwar Suhrab, Nishant Khurana, Mahesh Pratap Singh, Fahad Ahmed, Manish Agarwal, and Charul Gupta. "Nonsteroidal Management of Accidental Extrusion of Sodium Hypochlorite beyond Apex." Journal of Orofacial Research 4 (2014): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10026-1159.

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5

Faras, Fatemah, Fawaz Abo-Alhassan, Abdullah Sadeq, and Hisham Burezq. "Complication of improper management of sodium hypochlorite accident during root canal treatment." Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry 6, no. 5 (2016): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2231-0762.192939.

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6

Hatton, J., S. Walsh, and A. Wilson. "Management of the sodium hypochlorite accident: a rare but significant complication of root canal treatment." Case Reports 2015, mar24 2 (March 25, 2015): bcr2014207480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2014-207480.

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7

Shields, Joan M., Vincent R. Hill, Michael J. Arrowood, and Michael J. Beach. "Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum under chlorinated recreational water conditions." Journal of Water and Health 6, no. 4 (March 1, 2008): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2008.068.

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Cryptosporidium is a chlorine-resistant protozoan parasite and the etiological agent in many disinfected recreational water outbreaks. While previous studies have reported disinfection Ct values for Cryptosporidium parvum using sodium hypochlorite, these studies have employed conditions and procedures which are not ideal for establishing public health remediation recommendations for chlorinated recreational water venues. In the present study, free chlorine Ct values were measured at pH 7.5 using young oocysts (<1 month old) and tissue culture to determine oocyst viability. Two different oocyst isolates were used: one originating from Iowa and one from Maine (USA). This study determined that the Ct values for a 3-log reduction in oocyst viability were 10,400 (Iowa) and 15,300 (Maine) at pH 7.5. These Ct values are higher than the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA) currently recommends (Ct=9,600) for achieving a 3.0-log inactivation of Cryptosporidium oocysts during remediation of recreational water venues following fecal diarrhea accidents.

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8

Yanko, N. V. "CONSERVATIVE APPROACH TO DEEP CARIES LESIONS MANAGEMENT IN CHILDREN." Ukrainian Dental Almanac, no. 3 (September 6, 2019): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.3.2019.12.

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The aim of the study was to systematize effective deep caries management methods in children in order to determine the indications for their use. The author used Google search engine to find articles and scientific publications published between 2006 and 2019. Reversible pulpitis is an indication for applying the methods preserving pulp vitality performed under aseptic and antiseptic conditions, provided the absence of decompensated form of caries and chronic somatic pathology. To prevent the accidental pulp exposure, it is better to use a partial excavation of the affected dentin followed by an indirect pulp capping. During direct pulp capping and pulpotomy the bleeding should be arrested within 3-5 min in primary teeth and within 5 min – in permanent ones. Direct pulp capping with MTA is indicated at the spot pulp exposure in permanent teeth, the use of this method in the primary teeth requires further research. Direct pulp capping with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite used as a hemostatic agent and MTA-type cement application under endodontic microscope or pulpotomy with MTA or Biodentine can be applied when treating reversible pulpitis in permanent teeth. In asymptomatic temporary teeth affected by reversible pulpitis full pulpotomy is adviced which is more effective with MTA. A promising direction in deep caries management research is direct and indirect pulp capping of primary teeth with Biodentine.

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9

Laverty, DominicPeter. "A case report of accidental extrusion of sodium hypochlorite into the maxillary sinus during endodontic retreatment and review of current prevention and management." Journal of Restorative Dentistry 2, no. 2 (2014): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-4619.136648.

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10

Goswami, Mridula, Nidhi Chhabra, Gyanendra Kumar, Mahesh Verma, and Anuj Chhabra. "Sodium hypochlorite dental accidents." Paediatrics and International Child Health 34, no. 1 (December 6, 2013): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/2046905512y.0000000042.

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11

Christensen, Bryan E., Mary Anne Duncan, Sallyann C. King, Candis Hunter, Perri Ruckart, and Maureen F. Orr. "Challenges During a Chlorine Gas Emergency Response." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 10, no. 4 (March 29, 2016): 553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2016.6.

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AbstractObjectiveA chlorine gas release occurred at a poultry processing plant as a result of an accidental mixing of sodium hypochlorite and an acidic antimicrobial treatment. We evaluated the public health and emergency medical services response and developed and disseminated public health recommendations to limit the impact of future incidents.MethodsWe conducted key informant interviews with the state health department; local fire, emergency medical services, and police departments; county emergency management; and representatives from area hospitals to understand the response mechanisms employed for this incident.ResultsAfter being exposed to an estimated 40-pound chlorine gas release, 170 workers were triaged on the scene and sent to 5 area hospitals. Each hospital redistributed staff or called in extra staff (eg, physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists) in response to the event. Interviews with hospital staff emphasized the need for improved communication with responders at the scene of a chemical incident.ConclusionsWhile responding, hospitals handled the patient surge without outside assistance because of effective planning, training, and drilling. The investigation highlighted that greater interagency communication can play an important role in ensuring that chemical incident patients are managed and treated in a timely manner. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:553–556)

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12

Zhu, Wan-chun, Jacqueline Gyamfi, Li-na Niu, G. John Schoeffel, Si-ying Liu, Filippo Santarcangelo, Sara Khan, Kelvin C. Y. Tay, David H. Pashley, and Franklin R. Tay. "Anatomy of sodium hypochlorite accidents involving facial ecchymosis—A review." Journal of Dentistry 41, no. 11 (November 2013): 935–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2013.08.012.

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13

Felix, Fernando. "Accidents with sodium hypochlorite in Endodontics: A literature review of clinical cases." Dental Press Endodontics 4, no. 3 (September 2014): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14436/2178-3713.4.3.057-070.oar.

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14

Farook, S. A., V. Shah, D. Lenouvel, O. Sheikh, Z. Sadiq, and L. Cascarini. "Guidelines for management of sodium hypochlorite extrusion injuries." British Dental Journal 217, no. 12 (December 19, 2014): 679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.1099.

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15

Arora, Anita, Amrinder Kaur, J. S. Brar, and Jagdish Kumar Arora. "Sodium hypochlorite: An economical technology for management of citrus gummosis." Agricultural Research Journal 58, no. 1 (2021): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2395-146x.2021.00013.2.

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16

Lin, Hui Dan, and Geng Jun Gao. "Study on Transportation Safety Management of Sodium Cyanide." Applied Mechanics and Materials 482 (December 2013): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.482.403.

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As an important raw material of chemical industry, logistics and transportation quantity of sodium cyanide is sharply increased. However, the accidents of sodium cyanide ISO-tank transportation are frequently happened, which caused huge negative impacts on the society and the environment because of its high toxicity. In order to ensure smooth transportation of the hazardous chemicals, we must strive to control the dangerous sources of transportation to eliminate and reduce accidents for the safety and property of the people. On the basis of risk analysis of ISO-tank transport of sodium cyanide, this paper studies the reasons leading to accidents on the point of people, vehicles, ISO-tanks, roads and managements in detail. At last, it focuses on the countermeasures for safety management of sodium cyanide ISO-tank transport on the view of safety assessment in order to provide some guidance for the healthy and sustainable development of this industry. Key words: sodium cyanide;transportation; safety assessment

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17

Kandian, S., S. Chander, and K. Bishop. "Management of Sodium Hypochlorite Extrusion beyond the Root Apex during Root Canal Treatment: A Case Report." Primary Dental Journal 3, no. 1 (March 2014): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/205016814812135805.

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Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is most commonly used as an irrigating solution in endodontic practice. This paper describes an incident of sodium hypochlorite extrusion past the apex (SHEPA) of the UR3. Management of the condition resulted in hospitalisation of the patient, and intravenous antibiotic and steroid therapy. This case report details the measures that can be employed to reduce the risk of SHEPA and management of its potentially serious complications. The reader should understand the various measures that can be adopted to reduce extrusion of endodontic irrigants beyond the root apex and management following SHEPA.

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18

Sánchez Jimenez, M. C., A. Pedraza Domínguez, and J. M. Cachaza Silverio. "Reaction kinetics of humic acid with sodium hypochlorite." Water Research 27, no. 5 (May 1993): 815–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(93)90145-8.

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19

Anze, Amanda Eri, Ana Claudia Granato Malpass, Geoffroy Roger Pointer Malpass, and Monica Hitomi Okura. "Evaluation of the influence of UV radiation and sodium hypochlorite on the shelf life of strawberries." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 11 (August 25, 2021): e134101119311. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19311.

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It is common to combine methods to increase the shelf life of a raw material or product. In this study, we sought to understand the relationship between ultraviolet (UV) radiation and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in attenuating the proliferation of fungus and its deteriorating effect on strawberries. The UV light intensities of 125, 250 and 400 Watts (W) and sodium hypochlorite were tested in concentrations 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ppm. The strawberries were sprayed with sodium hypochlorite solutions and then kept for 1 minute in UV light chambers, to then be stored in transparent sealed plastic containers. The strawberry samples with the longest life were those that were sprayed with 0.5 and 1.0 ppm sodium hypochlorite solution combined with exposure to 125 W UV light. These samples had a shelf-life extension of about five days compared to strawberries without any kind of treatment. Thus, it is possible to state that this combination is efficient in cleaning the fruit without causing damage.

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20

Gezer, E. D., and P. A. Cooper. "Factors affecting sodium hypochlorite extraction of CCA from treated wood." Waste Management 29, no. 12 (December 2009): 3009–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.08.013.

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21

Aridi, Aida Safina, Nyuk Ling Chin, Nur Akmal Ishak, Nor Nadiah Mohamad Yusof, Kazunori Kadota, Yanty Noorzianna Manaf, and Yus Aniza Yusof. "Effect of sodium hypochlorite concentration during pre-treatment on isolation of nanocrystalline cellulose from Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) mature pods." BioResources 16, no. 2 (March 9, 2021): 3137–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.3137-3158.

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Mature pods of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit were utilized as raw material for nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) production. NCC’s isolation begins with L. leucocephala fiber’s alkaline treatment with sodium hydroxide, followed by bleaching treatment at three different percentages (3%, 5%, and 7%) of sodium hypochlorite. Acid hydrolysis was then conducted to obtain NCC, which was comprehensively characterized in terms of morphology, chemical functional groups, whiteness index, and crystallinity. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and chemical composition results showed that alkali treatment (NaOH) and bleaching (3%, 5%, and 7% of sodium hypochlorite, NaClO) were effective in the removal of lignin and hemicellulose. The variation of sodium hypochlorite concentration affected physical and structural characteristics of the NCC produced, which exhibited a rod-shaped structure with diameters ranging from 17 to 49 nm. These observations provide insight into the potential utilization of L. leucocephala as raw material for preparing nanocellulose, which may address problems of the underutilized mature pods.

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22

Souza, E. M., M. G. Campos, and R. Rosas Aguilar. "Mapping the periapex anatomical pattern of teeth involved in sodium hypochlorite accidents: a cross‐sectional quasi‐experimental study." International Endodontic Journal 54, no. 8 (April 28, 2021): 1212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/iej.13528.

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23

Ho, Chih-Hsuan, Luke Chen, Yen-Peng Ho, and Chen-Lu Yang. "Oxidative Decomposition of Reactive Blue C.I. 19 with Sodium Hypochlorite." Environmental Engineering Science 27, no. 1 (January 2010): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ees.2009.0285.

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24

Spencer, H. R., V. Ike, and P. A. Brennan. "Review: the use of sodium hypochlorite in endodontics — potential complications and their management." British Dental Journal 202, no. 9 (May 2007): 555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bdj.2007.374.

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25

Babadzhanova, O., D. Voytovych, and M. Lavrivskiy. "REDUCING THE DANGER OF WASTE DISPOSAL TO FILTERING STATIONS." Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety, no. 18 (December 31, 2018): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20784643.18.2018.12.

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Formulation of the problem. In recent years there has been a decline in the quality of water, both surface and underground sources, involved in the system of centralized water supply. The majority of river basins according to the hygienic classification of water objects according to the degree of pollution can be attributed to contaminated and highly contaminated.This causes the need to increase the role of water treatment facilities and the need to find ways to improve the efficiency of cleaning polluted water. For water purification, mechanical, chemical, physical and biological methods of treatment are used.Among the chemical methods of water treatment, now the most application is the method of chlorination. The main disadvantage of using liquefied chlorine for chlorination is the increased risk of poisoning of the staff of the water treatment plants and in the case of an accident – inhabitants adjacent to these stations of settlements.Presenting main material.Business facilities that use hazardous chemicals (such as chlorine) are potential sources of man-made hazard. Companies that carry out chlorination of water, carry additional costs for object protection, an automated notification system, equipment for the elimination of emissions, special ventilation systems, special systems for storing and neutralizing damaged containers with chlorine.Recently, various modern methods of decontamination have been used to decontaminate drinking water and to reduce the risk. The use of sodium hypochlorite as a disinfectant reagent, which is obtained at the site of application by electrolysis of sodium chloride solutions, is one of the most promising methods of decontamination. While retaining all the benefits of chlorination with the use of liquid chlorine, the use of electrolytic sodium hypochlorite avoids the basic complexity associated with the transportation and storage of toxic gas, in addition, to eliminate the constant dependence on the plants supplying liquid chlorine.The analysis of hazards and accidents statistics at water treatment enterprises showed that the greatest percentage of emergency situations occurs during the loading / unloading operations of the substance-cleaner, therefore it is expedient to obtain sodium hypochlorite at the place of use.In order to substantiate the possibility and promise of a more safe method of water purification from the point of view of the technogenic hazard of a method of purification of water, a certain treatment station – «Artemivsk filtering station», located on the outskirts of the city of Bakhmut, was selected.It has been estimated that the depressurization of the chlorine container at the «Artemivsk filtration station» can create a 4.8 km depth zone that will cover part of the city, and if the sodium hypochlorite is applied to the filter station, the depth of the chemical pollution zone decreases to 0.2 km.Conclusions.Safe operation of chemical hazardous objects, which are filtering stations, can be provided under normal and emergency conditions by alternative, safer, disinfection water reagents. While retaining all the benefits of chlorination with the use of liquid chlorine, the use of electrolytic sodium hypochlorite avoids the basic complexity associated with the transport and storage of toxic gas and reduce the danger to the population. Water purification with sodium hypochlorite instead of chlorine has the following advantages: safe storage and transportation, ease of dispensing, long-term disinfection effect, an absence of a threat of a technogenic accident and the exclusion of negative impact on the health of the city's residents.

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Patel, Shreeti, and Len D'Cruz. "Endodontic Risk Management: A Dento -Legal Perspective." Primary Dental Journal 5, no. 2 (May 2016): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/205016816819304204.

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This article provides an overview of some of the issues in the assessment and management of endodontic patients which may lead to dento-legal problems. It covers assessment, the appropriate use of radiographs, special tests and the importance of following the correct consent process. It outlines why record-keeping is particularly important, and looks at problems that occur, such as perforation, fractured instruments and hypochlorite accidents. SUMMARY In common with other areas of dentistry there are risks in delivering endodontic treatment in general practice. Successful endodontic treatment combines a predictable technique, an understanding of ones limitations and excellent communication with patients. It must be remembered that complaints are not often about the treatment itself, but more commonly, due to the management of he patient. A happy patient is usually one that is no longer in pain.

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Kunigk, Leo, Rubens Gedraite, and Cynthia Jurkiewicz Kunigk. "EFFICACY OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE AND SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE IN REUSE WATER DISINFECTION." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 17, no. 3 (2018): 711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2018.072.

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28

Peng, C., D. L. Qiao, D. Li, and J. Wu. "Liquid spray modeling under sodium fire accidents." Nuclear Engineering and Design 379 (August 2021): 111260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2021.111260.

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29

Schreiber, Carolline, Eduardo Zapp, Cátia Rosana Lange de Aguiar, and Patrícia Bulegon Brondani. "Cotton fibers bleaching through in situ electrochemical generation of oxidant agents." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 10 (August 13, 2021): e318101018928. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i10.18928.

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Cotton is the world’s leading fiber crop and contains natural coloring impurities which need to be removed by bleaching. The most applied bleaching methodology utilizes chemical oxidants, such as hydrogen peroxide. This method is carried out at high temperatures and under strong alkaline conditions, entailing high-energy consumption, strong alkaline effluents and severe fiber damage. The development of milder and greener bleaching processes, in which the fibers are less damaged, is a goal that has long been pursued. Another approach for cotton bleaching is the use of sodium hypochlorite as an oxidant. Several methods applying hypochlorite are known, but they face problems associated with the transport, storage and handling of unstable and hazardous chemicals. Here we present a mild methodology for in situ electrogeneration of hypochlorite from sodium chloride or potassium chloride, and its application in bleaching of cotton, thus reducing the problems associated with the transport and storage of the oxidizing reagent. Our methodology was able to bleach the cotton fibers with a comparable whiteness degree, when compared to the conventional one, and it is carried out in lower reaction times, at room temperature, with no need of addition of hazardous materials and avoiding the production of residual hypochlorite.

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Lantagne, D. S., B. C. Blount, F. Cardinali, and R. Quick. "Disinfection by-product formation and mitigation strategies in point-of-use chlorination of turbid and non-turbid waters in western Kenya." Journal of Water and Health 6, no. 1 (November 1, 2007): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2007.013.

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Over 1.1 billion people in the world lack access to improved drinking water. Diarrheal and other waterborne diseases cause an estimated 2.2 million deaths per year. The Safe Water System (SWS) is a proven household water treatment intervention that reduces diarrheal disease incidence in users in developing countries. Because the SWS recommends the addition of sodium hypochlorite to unfiltered water sources, concerns have been raised about the potential long-term health effects of disinfection by-products to SWS users. This study investigated the production of trihalomethanes (THMs) in water treated with sodium hypochlorite from six sources used for drinking water in western Kenya. The turbidity values of these sources ranged from 4.23 NTU to 305 NTU. THM concentrations were analysed at 1, 8, and 24 hours after addition of sodium hypochlorite. No sample exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline values for any of the four THMs: chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, or bromoform. In addition, no sample exceeded the WHO additive total THM guideline value. These results clearly show that point-of-use chlorination of a variety of realistic source waters used for drinking did not lead to THM concentrations that pose a significant health risk to SWS users.

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Abdul-Wahab, Sabah A., and Mohammed A. Al-Weshahi. "Brine Management: Substituting Chlorine with On-Site Produced Sodium Hypochlorite for Environmentally Improved Desalination Processes." Water Resources Management 23, no. 12 (January 9, 2009): 2437–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-008-9389-7.

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Coetzee, E., A. Whitelaw, D. Kahn, and H. Rode. "The use of topical, un-buffered sodium hypochlorite in the management of burn wound infection." Burns 38, no. 4 (June 2012): 529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2011.10.008.

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Wilhelm, Natalie, Anya Kaufmann, Elizabeth Blanton, and Daniele Lantagne. "Sodium hypochlorite dosage for household and emergency water treatment: updated recommendations." Journal of Water and Health 16, no. 1 (November 30, 2017): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2017.012.

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Abstract Household water treatment with chlorine can improve the microbiological quality of household water and reduce diarrheal disease. We conducted laboratory and field studies to inform chlorine dosage recommendations. In the laboratory, reactors of varying turbidity (10–300 NTU) and total organic carbon (0–25 mg/L addition) were created, spiked with Escherichia coli, and dosed with 3.75 mg/L sodium hypochlorite. All reactors had >4 log reduction of E. coli 24 hours after chlorine addition. In the field, we tested 158 sources in 22 countries for chlorine demand. A 1.88 mg/L dosage for water from improved sources of <5 or <10 NTU turbidity met free chlorine residual criteria (≤2.0 mg/L at 1 hour, ≥0.2 mg/L at 24 hours) 91–94% and 82–87% of the time at 8 and 24 hours, respectively. In unimproved water source samples, a 3.75 mg/L dosage met relaxed criteria (≤4.0 mg/L at 1 hour, ≥0.2 mg/L after 24 hours) 83% and 65% of the time after 8 and 24 hours, respectively. We recommend water from improved/low turbidity sources be dosed at 1.88 mg/L and used within 24 hours, and from unimproved/higher turbidity sources be dosed at 3.75 mg/L and consumed within 8 hours. Further research on field effectiveness of chlorination is recommended.

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Veschetti, E., D. Cutilli, L. Bonadonna, R. Briancesco, C. Martini, G. Cecchini, P. Anastasi, and M. Ottaviani. "Pilot-plant comparative study of peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite wastewater disinfection." Water Research 37, no. 1 (January 2003): 78–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(02)00248-8.

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Pernezny, Ken, Russell Nagata, Richard N. Raid, Janice Collins, and Amanda Carroll. "Investigation of Seed Treatments for Management of Bacterial Leaf Spot of Lettuce." Plant Disease 86, no. 2 (February 2002): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.2.151.

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Chemical seed treatments were evaluated for efficacy of disinfestation of lettuce seed that had been inoculated with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians. Three concentrations of each chemical were evaluated by treating seed lots for 5 or 15 min. In addition, the effects of each seed treatment on seed germination and early plant growth were examined by observing seed germination rates. Bacteria were not detected when seed were treated with 3 or 5% hydrogen peroxide for 5 or 15 min. Treatment of seed with 0.52% sodium hypochlorite was relatively ineffective at 5 and 15 min. When sodium hypochlorite was used at a 1% concentration for 15 min, the level of bacterial infestation was reduced to 2%. Suspensions of copper hydroxide plus mancozeb also reduced seedborne inoculum to ≤2%. Treatment of seed with copper hydroxide alone, benzoyl peroxide, or calcium peroxide did not reduce seed infestation levels significantly. Seed germination rates were 90% or greater for the majority of seed treatments tested in laboratory assays. Hydrogen peroxide treatments at a concentration of 5% reduced seed germination up to 28% compared with controls. However, no significant differences in germination were observed among control treatments (noninoculated, nontreated seed and inoculated, nontreated seed) and any of the chemical seed treatments when seed were sown in a pasteurized soil mix in the greenhouse.

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Sriyutha Murthy, P., R. Venkatesan, K. V. K. Nair, D. Inbakandan, S. Syed Jahan, D. Magesh Peter, and M. Ravindran. "Evaluation of sodium hypochlorite for fouling control in plate heat exchangers for seawater application." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 55, no. 3 (April 2005): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2004.11.001.

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Zhong, Yiwei, Hui Wang, Jianchao Wang, Yingshuang Zhang, Kangyu Wang, Chenchao Guo, Shuaijun Chen, Maozhi Luo, Yichen Du, and Ling Wang. "Combination of sodium hypochlorite pretreatment and flotation towards separation of polycarbonate from waste plastic mixtures." Waste Management 99 (November 2019): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.08.040.

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Gupton, John, Keith Hansen, and John Idoux. "Chemical degradation of unsaturated priority pollutants by novel mixed oxidation technology-sodium hypochlorite/ruthenium oxides." Waste Management 14, no. 3-4 (January 1994): 348–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-053x(94)90111-2.

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Tsai, C. T., C. T. Kuo, and S. T. Lin. "Analysis of organic halides in hospital waste sludge disinfected using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)." Water Research 33, no. 3 (February 1999): 778–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(98)00264-4.

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40

Office, Fuji Technology Press Editorial. "Development of Disaster Management Robots for Use in Investigating Nuclear Accidents." Journal of Disaster Research 3, no. 4 (August 1, 2008): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2004.p0305.

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Nuclear accidents have occurred at Japan’s fast-breeder reactor Monju and in Tokai Village etc., and incidents involving nuclear reactors damaged due to natural disasters such as earthquakes are anticipated. In this case, conditions such as leakage of radioactivity must be grasped as soon as possible without exposing anyone to radiation. The Monju accident occurred near Tsuruga City in Fukui Prefecture in December 1995. Liquid sodium used as coolant leaked and a fire broke out. The Tokai Village incident occurred at a uranium processing plant in Tokai Village, Naka County, Ibaraki Prefecture, in September 1999. In this case, a uranium solution went critical and two subcontracted employees workers died of radiation exposure.

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Office, Fuji Technology Press Editorial. "Development of Disaster Management Robots for Use in Investigating Nuclear Accidents." Journal of Disaster Research 3, no. 4 (August 1, 2008): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2008.p0305.

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Abstract:

Nuclear accidents have occurred at Japan’s fast-breeder reactor Monju and in Tokai Village etc., and incidents involving nuclear reactors damaged due to natural disasters such as earthquakes are anticipated. In this case, conditions such as leakage of radioactivity must be grasped as soon as possible without exposing anyone to radiation. The Monju accident occurred near Tsuruga City in Fukui Prefecture in December 1995. Liquid sodium used as coolant leaked and a fire broke out. The Tokai Village incident occurred at a uranium processing plant in Tokai Village, Naka County, Ibaraki Prefecture, in September 1999. In this case, a uranium solution went critical and two subcontracted employees workers died of radiation exposure.

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42

Abdullah, Syed Z., and Pierre R. Bérubé. "Assessing the effects of sodium hypochlorite exposure on the characteristics of PVDF based membranes." Water Research 47, no. 14 (September 2013): 5392–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.06.018.

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Lin, Huirong, Xuan Zhu, Yuxin Wang, and Xin Yu. "Effect of sodium hypochlorite on typical biofilms formed in drinking water distribution systems." Journal of Water and Health 15, no. 2 (February 2, 2017): 218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2017.141.

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Human health and biological safety problems resulting from urban drinking water pipe network biofilms pollution have attracted wide concern. Despite the inclusion of residual chlorine in drinking water distribution systems supplies, the bacterium is a recalcitrant human pathogen capable of forming biofilms on pipe walls and causing health risks. Typical drinking water bacterial biofilms and their response to different concentrations of chlorination was monitored. The results showed that the four bacteria all formed single biofilms susceptible to sodium hypochlorite. After 30 min disinfection, biomass and cultivability decreased with increasing concentration of disinfectant but then increased in high disinfectant doses. PMA-qPCR results indicated that it resulted in little cellular damage. Flow cytometry analysis showed that with increasing doses of disinfectant, the numbers of clusters increased and the sizes of clusters decreased. Under high disinfectant treatment, EPS was depleted by disinfectant and about 0.5–1 mg/L of residual chlorine seemed to be appropriate for drinking water treatment. This research provides an insight into the EPS protection to biofilms. Resistance of biofilms against high levels of chlorine has implications for the delivery of drinking water.

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Scalise, Alessandro. "The new formulation of the 0,05% sodium hypochlorite electrolytic solution for cutaneous use: reasons and advantages." AboutOpen 8, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33393/ao.2021.2221.

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Superinfection of skin lesions is quite common, and often delays wound recovery. Infection control plays therefore a key role in the management of skin lesions, requiring the use of specific antimicrobials. Among available agents, topic antiseptic drugs are currently recommended as a first-choice option, to be preferred to antibiotics, given the growing resistance to these drugs. Compared to antibiotics, antiseptic drugs have a wider spectrum of action, including bacteria, fungi, virus, protozoa, and prions. The ideal antiseptic for the management of an infected skin lesion is expected to be both highly effective and well tolerated, in order to promote the physiologic process of tissue restoration. Among available antiseptics, the 0,05% sodium hypochlorite electrolytic solution meets these criteria: the product proved to be effective in vitro and in animal experimental models against a wide range of microorganisms, besides exerting an anti-inflammatory action in the absence of any irritating, cytotoxic or carcinogenic adverse effect, and being useful in biofilm removal. Similarly, in several clinical trials, the 0,05% sodium hypochlorite electrolytic solution was demonstrated to be very effective and safe in the management of infected skin wounds: based on these results, this product should be strongly considered among the first-choice options for the disinfection of skin wounds. The new formulation, developed according to the latest reference standards for wound healing and in agreement with current guidelines, is qualitatively improved, with an expected positive impact in every field of clinical application and a subsequent benefit for treated patients.

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Betterton, Eric A., Joe Lowry, Robin Ingamells, and Brad Venner. "Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of sodium azide with hypochlorite in aqueous solution." Journal of Hazardous Materials 182, no. 1-3 (October 2010): 716–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.093.

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Lee, Eunseok, Prangya Ranjan Rout, Chungheon Shin, and Jaeho Bae. "Effects of sodium hypochlorite concentration on the methanogenic activity in an anaerobic fluidized membrane bioreactor." Science of The Total Environment 678 (August 2019): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.396.

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Cheah, L.-H., and C. M. Horlock. "Fieldapplied fungicides and postharvest treatments to control asparagus diseases posing biosecurity threats to New Zealand." New Zealand Plant Protection 60 (August 1, 2007): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2007.60.4631.

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Collaborative research between New Zealand and Australia has investigated fieldapplied fungicides and postharvest treatments for control of asparagus rust (caused by Puccinia asparagi) and phomopsis stem blight of asparagus (caused by Phomopsis asparagi) in Queensland In a 2004 field trial the fungicides difenoconazole and propiconazole reduced the incidence of asparagus rust In a 2005 field trial four fungicides (carbendazim chlorothalonil iprodione and propiconazole) reduced the severity of phomopsis stem blight Postharvest disinfection with sodium hypochlorite or with calcium hypochlorite at 150 ppm was highly effective at reducing Pu asparagi and Ph asparagi spore germination on water agar Integrated disease management based on field and postharvest methods are suggested to reduce the risk of importation of the diseases to New Zealand Similar methods could be used for controlling these diseases if they establish

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Bouland, S., J. P. Duguet, and A. Montiel. "Evaluation of Bromate Ions Level Introduced by Sodium Hypochlorite During Post-disinfection of Drinking Water." Environmental Technology 26, no. 2 (February 2005): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593332608618572.

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Gomes, I. B., M. Simões, and L. C. Simões. "The effects of sodium hypochlorite against selected drinking water-isolated bacteria in planktonic and sessile states." Science of The Total Environment 565 (September 2016): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.136.

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Salazar Mercado, Seir Antonio, and Hanner Alejandra Maldonado Bayona. "Evaluation of the cytotoxic potential of sodium hypochlorite using meristematic root cells of Lens culinaris Med." Science of The Total Environment 701 (January 2020): 134992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134992.

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