Academic literature on the topic 'Managing emotions'

Most people do not consciously manage their emotions but arbitrarily that expressed in spontaneous behavior according to the person’s character and the situation he is in. Emotion is very complex. There are rational people and there are emotional people. Every person acts by these two “minds” every day. Minds that sometimes compete for attention and behavior. Sometimes emotion surpass thinking and vice versa. Emotion management is a deliberate, conscious act (Keidar & Yagoda, 2015).In an interview of nurse educators at the Nursing School in the center of Israel, it was found that many emotions affect the work processes and coping with the duty tasks. The nurse educators’ staff have quite a difficult task with a lot of responsibility to be in teaching role and have target audience that is a student who will be the future nurse. The double role of a nurse and a teacher raise emotions in this team in its daily activities. The article will examine the arising emotions within their role and its reasons and how the organizational level can affect these emotions.

This article is devoted to the disclosure of the basic techniques and techniques for the development of emotional intelligence in preschool children. The work substantiates the need for the development of emotional intelligence in preschool children, its importance for the successful socialization of the child's personality. The author notes that the emotional intelligence of preschool children is a type of intelligence responsible for the child's recognition of his own emotions and the emotions of the people around him, as well as for controlling, managing his emotions and for influencing the emotions of other people. According to the author, at present, the number of preschool children with emotional instability has increased: aggressive, angry, conflict, which is why it is necessary to develop emotional intelligence at this age, but, unfortunately, many educators and parents do not pay due attention to this issue. Emotional intelligence is not an innate personality trait; the development of emotional intelligence is carried out in stages. At the first stage, emotion is perceived – this is the child's recognition of his emotions and the emotions of other people. At the second stage – understanding emotion – the ability to determine the reasons for the appearance of a particular emotion in oneself and in the people around him, establishing a connection between emotions and thoughts. At the third stage – managing emotions – the ability to suppress emotions, awaken and direct own and others' emotions to achieve goals. At the fourth stage – using emotions to stimulate thinking – awakening creativity in oneself, activating the brain with the help of one's own emotions. The article discusses various techniques and techniques for the development of emotional intelligence in preschool children.

Emotions are a major part of our subjective experiences of the world. At times, our emotions are not appropriate and require active management. Emotion regulation refers to the various ways of managing or controlling emotional responses. External stimuli play specific role in electing emotions. Pictures and movies elicit emotions and emotional effects of films are believed to exceed that of pictures. The aim of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of emotion regulation strategies across emotion induction method (picture and films). Forty participants rated their emotion on Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) ratings for each pictorial and video stimuli while following the emotion regulation instructions. Repeated-measures ANOVAs revealed that the pictures were more effective in modulating emotions. Cognitive reappraisal and distraction strategies downregulated emotions.

In the sociology of science, social relations have been discussed in terms of competition and recognition. The purpose of this chapter is to enlarge our understanding of the social relations of Academia by incorporating the emotional dimensions of these relations into our discussion. To this purpose the results of an empirical study of emotions and emotional culture in Academia is presented. These results are based on analytical distinctions between the structural conditions of emotions, the emotional culture of Academia, lived or felt emotions and the management of emotions. Within this analytical framework different ways of managing the emotions of uncertainty, shame, anger and pride are identified and presented. It is shown how these feelings emerged from the structural conditions of the social relations and it is shown how persons try to manage the mentioned emotions according to the tacit rules of feelings of Academia. The study shows how these emotions are managed according to the representative feelings of Academia. It is also shown, however, how these emotions and their management relate to damaged social bonds. These unintended consequences of the emotions and the emotional culture of Academia are interpreted as emotional fuel to the prevalent basic moods of academic departments and their research environment.

Emotional eating plays a significant role in the aetiology of eating disorders and obesity, and has been observed in healthy, non-restrained individuals. Despite this, research that examines emotional eating has mainly focused on females, obese populations and individuals who have a formal diagnosis of an eating disorder, the studies of which have been mainly involved surveys, experimental, observational or quantitative methods. Research has also found significant gender differences in emotional eating, yet there has been limited investigation into emotional eating in men. This research attempted to understand the process of emotional eating in men using constructivist grounded theory. The purpose of this study was to understand the way in which men use food in response to emotions and the impact it has on their psychological well-being. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with thirteen male participants aged between 23-61 years of age. All participants were fluent in English, half of the participants were from the UK, 4 were from Europe, and the remaining three were from Mexico, Egypt and Malaysia. Four main categories were developed from the data: Negotiating Masculinity, Emotional Eating Serving a Function, Seeking Control and Stuck in the Cycle. One core category encompassed all of the categories: Navigating Emotions and Masculinity through Eating. The categories were complex and linked to one another, demonstrating the cyclical nature of emotional eating. An emergent theory was developed and mapped onto a conceptualisation that attempts to explain the process of emotional eating in men, demonstrating the way masculinity affects the way that these men cope with their emotions through eating. The findings of this study provide an insight for Counselling Psychologists and other mental health practitioners working with men who struggle with managing their emotions and turn to food in attempt to cope.

The health of adolescent boys is complex and surprisingly little is known about how adolescent boys perceive, conceptualise and experience their health. Thus, the overall aim of this thesis was to explore adolescent boys’ perceptions and experiences of health, emotions, masculinity and subjective social status (SSS). This thesis consists of a qualitative, a quantitative and a mixed methods study. The qualitative study aimed to explore how adolescent boys understand the concept of health and what they find important for its achievement. Furthermore, the adolescent boys’ views of masculinity, emotion management and their potential effects on wellbeing were explored. For this purpose, individual interviews were conducted with 33 adolescent boys aged 16-17 years. The quantitative study aimed to investigate the associations between pride, shame and health in adolescence. Data were collected through a cross-sectional postal survey with 705 adolescents. The purpose of the mixed methods study was to investigate associations between SSS in school, socioeconomic status (SES) and self-rated health (SRH), and to explore the concept of SSS in school. Cross-sectional data were combined with interview data in which the meaning of SSS was further explored. Individual interviews with 35 adolescents aged 17-18 years were conducted. In the qualitative study, data were analysed using Grounded Theory. In the quantitative study, statistical analyses (e.g., chi-square test and uni- and multivariable logistic regression analyses) were performed. In the mixed method study, a combination of statistical analyses and thematic network analysis was applied. The results showed that there was a complexity in how the adolescent boys viewed, experienced, dealt with and valued health. On a conceptual level, they perceived health as holistic but when dealing with difficult emotions, they were prone to separate the body from the mind. Thus, the adolescent boys experienced a difference between health as a concept and health as an experience (paper I). Concerning emotional orientation in masculinity, two main categories of masculine conceptions were identified: a gender-normative masculinity and a non-gender-normative masculinity (paper II). Gender-normative masculinity comprised two seemingly opposite emotional masculinity orientations, one towards toughness and the other towards sensitivity, both of which were highly influenced by contextual and situational group norms and demands, despite that their expressions are in contrast to each other. Non-gender-normative masculinity included an orientation towards sincerity, emphasising the personal values of the boys. Emotions were expressed more independently of peer group norms. The findings suggest that different masculinities and the expression of emotions are intricately intertwined and that managing emotions is vital for wellbeing. The present findings also showed that both shame and pride were significantly associated with SRH, and furthermore, that there seems to be a protective effect of experiencing pride for health (paper III). The results also demonstrated that SSS is strongly related to SRH, and high SRH is related to high SSS, and further that the positioning was done in a gendered space (paper IV). Results from all studies suggest that the emotional and relational aspects, as well as perceived SSS, were strongly related to SRH. Positive emotions, trustful relationships and having a sense of belonging were important factors for health and pride was an important emotion protecting health. Physical health, on the other hand, had a more subordinated value, but the body was experienced as an important tool to achieve health. Even though health was mainly perceived in a holistic manner by the boys, there were boys who were prone to dichotomise the health experience into a mind-body dualism when having to deal with difficult emotions. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates that young, masculine health is largely experienced through emotions and relationships between individuals and their contexts affected by gendered practices. Health is to feel and function well in mind and body and to have trusting relationships. The results support theories on health as a social construction of interconnected processes. Having confidence in self-esteem, access to trustful relationships and the courage to resist traditional masculine norms while still reinforcing and maintaining social status are all conducive to good health. Researchers as well as professionals need to consider the complexity of adolescent boys’ health in which norms, values, relationships and gender form its social determinants. Those working with young boys should encourage them to integrate physical, social and emotional aspects of health into an interconnected and holistic experience.
Tonårspojkars hälsa är komplex och det finns förvånansvärt lite forskning gällande hur tonårspojkar uppfattar, konceptualiserar och upplever hälsa. Därför var det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling att undersöka tonårspojkars uppfattningar och upplevelser av hälsa, emotioner, maskuliniteter och subjektiv social status. Denna avhandling består av tre delstudier: en kvalitativ, en kvantitativ och en mixed metod studie. Den kvalitativa studien syftade till att undersöka hur tonårspojkar uppfattar begreppet hälsa och vad de tyckte var viktigt för att uppnå hälsa, samt deras syn på manlighet, känslohantering och potentiell påverkan på deras välbefinnande. För detta ändamål genomfördes individuella intervjuer med 33 unga pojkar i åldern 16-17 år. Den kvantitativa studien syftade till att undersöka sambandet mellan stolthet, skam och hälsa i tonåren, och data samlades in genom en postenkät där 705 ungdomar deltog. Syftet med mixed metod-studien var att undersöka sambanden mellan subjektiv social status (SSS) i skolan, socioekonomisk status (SES) och självskattad hälsa (SRH) samt att undersöka innebörden av begreppet subjektiv social status. Data från en enkät kombinerades med intervjudata av 35 ungdomar i åldern 17-18 år. I den kvalitativa studien analyserades data med hjälp av Grounded Theory metoden. I den kvantitativa studien användes statistiska analysersåsomchi-två-test samt uni- och multivariabel logistisk regressionsanalys. I mixedmetod-studien användes en kombination av statistiskaanalyser ochtematisknätverksanalys. Resultaten visade att det fanns en komplexitet i hur unga pojkar uppfattade, upplevde, hanterade och värderade hälsa. På en teoretisk nivå uppfattade de hälsa som holistisk men när det handlade om att hantera svåra känslor, var de benägna att separera kroppen från sinnet. Således upplevde de en skillnad mellan hälsa som begrepp och hälsa som upplevelse (I). Gällande den känslomässiga maskulina orienteringen, identifierades två huvudkategorier av maskulina föreställningar: könsnormativ och icke-könsnormativ maskulinitet (II). Könsnormativ maskulinitet bestod av två till synes motsatta maskulinitetsorienteringar, en mot tuffhet och den andra mot känslighet, som båda var starkt påverkad av kontextuella och situationella gruppnormer och krav, trots att deras uttryck kontrasterade varandra. Icke-könsnormativ maskulinitet inkluderade en inriktning mot uppriktighet som betonade de personliga värdena för pojkar; känslor kunde uttryckas mer oberoende av kamratgruppens normer. Resultaten tyder på att olika maskuliniteter och känslouttryck är starkt sammanflätade och att känslohantering är avgörande för välbefinnandet. Resultat visade också att upplevelser av skam och stolthet var signifikant associerade med självskattad hälsa, och att stolthet verkar ha en skyddande effekt för hälsa (III). Vidare visade resultaten att det finns ett starkt samband mellan subjektiv social status och självskattad hälsa och att mycket god självskattad hälsa är relaterad till hög subjektiv social status. Positioneringarna gjordes i en starkt genuskodad skolmiljö (IV). Resultat från allastudier visarattde känslomässiga ochrelationellaaspekternavaravgörandeförhälsa, liksomden subjektivt upplevda statussomvar starktrelaterad tillsjälvskattad hälsa. Positivakänslor och tillitsfulla relationer, och att känna tillhörighet och stolthet varviktiga faktorerförhälsa. Fysiskhälsa å andra sidan hadeettmerunderordnat värde menkroppen var ettviktigt verktyg för attuppnåhälsa. Även omhälsauppfattadespå ett holistiskt sätt av de flesta pojkarna, fanns det pojkar som varbenägna att dela upp hälsoupplevelsen i kropp och sinne när det gällde att hantera svåra känslor. Sammanfattningsvis visar denna avhandlingatt den unga, manligahälsantill stor delupplevs genomkänsloroch relationermellanindivider och derassammanhang som är starkt genuskodade. Resultaten stöderteorier omhälsasomensocial konstruktionav sammankopplade processer. Hälsa är att må och fungera bra i kropp och sinne och ha tillgång till tillitsfulla relationer. Att ha självkänsla, tillgång till förtroendefulla relationer och att våga stå emot traditionella maskulinitetsnormer utan att tappa status bidrar positivt till hälsa. Forskare samt yrkesverksamma måste ta hänsyn till komplexiteten i unga pojkars hälsa, där normer, värderingar, relationer och genus utgör dess sociala bestämningsfaktorer. De som arbetar med unga pojkar bör uppmuntra dem att integrera fysiska, sociala och känslomässiga aspekter av hälsa till en sammanlänkad helhetsupplevelse.

The aim of this thesis is to explore the practice of leader strategies to manage and influence employees' emotions and its implications. Emotion has emerged as a key field in organisational behaviour, particularly pertaining to leadership. Managing followers' emotions is critical for leaders since employees’ emotions are directly related to job performance. Most studies focus on measuring the high level relationship between the constructs of emotions and leadership and there is little research on how leaders deliberately manage the emotions of their followers. This qualitative study explores sales leaders’ practices for managing followers' negative emotions through a case study method using semi-structured interviews and critical incident technique. 32 sales leaders are interviewed from one of the top logistics companies; 89 critical incidents are identified where these leaders were challenged with managing their followers’ emotions. The findings of this research show that leaders consider changing employees’ negative emotions a key function of leadership. The critical incidents demonstrate that leaders face both business and personal problems. Dealing with business situations requires strategies that involve more changing the problem or its meaning, while personal situations require strategies for reducing the intensity of the emotions. The findings also demonstrate that the existing models of emotion regulation do not cover all of the strategies that leaders use to effectively manage followers' emotions. Therefore, a proposed comprehensive set of strategies that leaders can use is presented together with contextual factors that leaders should consider when managing followers’ negative emotions, including the use of short-intermediate strategies and person focused strategies. This study is among the first to qualitatively explore how leaders actually manage followers’ negative emotions. A recommended set of strategies is presented to help leaders regulate and deal with negative or dysfunctional emotions. The findings provide clarification on what strategies leaders can use and how this practice can be improved.

This study examined emotional reactions that occurred when participants compared the fairness of own outcomes to that of peer outcomes. The mediating role of emotions (pride, guilt, envy, or anger) on the fairness perceptions and the intention to engage in organizational citizenship (OCB) or counterproductive work behaviour (CWB) was assessed. Two hundred and sixty nine undergraduate business students participated in the main study. Peer evaluation vignettes were used to simulate four fairness conditions. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to test the hypotheses. The results indicated that perceived fairness to self interacted with perceived fairness to others, which led to emotional reactions, including pride, guilt, envy, and anger. Perceived fairness also directly influenced behaviour. However, only the negative emotions of anger and envy acted as mediators. As such, anger decreased OCB intention and increased CWB intention. Envy decreased the intention to engage in OCB. Implications of the results were discussed.
x, 128 leaves ; 29 cm

The aim of this study was through theories of emotional labor; understand how staff and volunteers within women’s shelter handled their emotions in the encounters with battered women. To examine this we used a qualitative method and interviewed four staff members and three volunteers spread across four different women’s shelters. The data collected was analyzed using Hochschilds’ theory of emotional labor. The results show that the most common feelings within the women’s shelters were feelings of friendship, happiness, sadness and frustration. The results also show that the staff and volunteers needed to manage their emotion due to the inappropriateness of some feelings. The feelings that needed managing were primarily feelings of sadness, frustration and shock. To manage their emotion the staff and volunteers of the women’s shelters used both surface acting and deep acting. The surface acting used was that staff and volunteers hid the feelings that were considered inappropriate. The deep acting used was method acting, working experience, life experience and the staff and volunteers also managed their emotions by talking to fellow staff and their loved ones.

Psychological readiness is a complex phenomenon that includes a variety of motivational and regulatory components, a system of cognitive patterns of future activities and working conditions, predictive assessments, as well as managing your own emotional reactions. In the professional field of «Man-Technique», the subject of labor, managing a complex technical system, must have a high level of stress tolerance and self-regulation, which gives particular importance to the problem of professional diagnosis and selection. Subjective criteria can catch the «subtle» emotional experiences, the nuances of cognitive-affective processes that simultaneously occur in the psyche of the individual. Objective criteria — often require a rather expensive research procedure. In this regard, diagnostic techniques that combine efficiency and short duration with validity criteria are most in demand. To test the assumptions of their effectiveness, a study was conducted of psychological readiness for professional activity among novice drivers, as well as among cadets-pilots of civil aviation who begin training flight training. Samples «Falling words», «Manifest words» study the perceptual mechanisms underlying the subject’s interpretation of the situation as potentially stressful, diagnosing perceptive alertness / protection. A professional who has a high willingness to interpret the received signals as stressful will recognize these words faster, which will be reflected in the objective criterion — a short signal recognition time. A comparison of the data with the results of the coping tests revealed that for novice drivers, perceptual vigilance prevails over perceptual protection. More experienced drivers often discharge suppressed emotions (usually hostility, anger), directing them to objects that are less dangerous or more accessible than those that caused negative emotions and feelings. The psychological readiness for training flights among cadets needs an additional study of perceptual and emotional components that will be used in self-regulation of resistance to emotional and psychological stress associated with upcoming professional activities.

It is necessary to pay increased attention to the managing of emotions, to motivation and empathy, which requires most of all an individual approach to pupils in the process of teaching. This scientific study focuses on motivating and demotivating reactions of teachers and their impact on positive and negative emotional experiences of pupils during lessons. Our goal was to find out, if there are differences between emotional experiences of pupils taught by teachers, whose motivating had a positive character, and pupils of those teachers, whose motivating had a negative character. We have executed a quantitative research supplemented by a qualitative analysis. The research sample consisted of students of higher secondary education and their teachers from secondary vocational schools in the Trenčín district. Ten teachers and 375 students had been included in the research. We have identified the differences with the help of a method of microteaching analysis with the use of analytical scheme AS9 (author is Miron Zelina) and a modified version of the Questionnaire of Emotional Experience. The questionnaire contains entries focusing on positive and negative experiences. In both variables we have observed a statistically significant difference with students taught by Teacher 10, whose motivating had a negative character.

This paper points out that in order to provide emotional satisfaction to the customer, hardware products should be modularized not only with functions or shapes, but with more meanings such as adaptability, etc. Thus, a network-structured modularization is called for more than a tree-structured one to cope with diverse customer expectations. The emerging field of material digitalization, which can be compared to physical FEM, is expected to provide a versatile and flexible tool for this purpose and it will change our design from the current open loop system to the closed loop system so that it will provide us with the capability of managing deterioration and that of adaptability to the frequently and widely changing situations.