Journal articles: 'Mandalay'

1

Robinson, M. E. "A long way from Mandalay." Progress in Human Geography 15, no. 2 (1991): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913259101500206.

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Smith, Sean P. "Burmese Women in the Colonial Imaginary: Gendered Representations in Kipling’s “Mandalay” and Croker’s The Road to Mandalay." Journal of Burma Studies 25, no. 1 (2021): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jbs.2021.0003.

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Aung, Aye Aye, Ko Ko, Khin Saw Than, Aung Ko Ko, and Thet Naing. "In-patient Care for People with COVID-19 and Diabetes in Myanmar." Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies 35, no. 1 (2020): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15605/jafes.035.01.08.

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Chen, Xu, Qing Chen, Kyi Pyar Aung, and Lucy A. Muir. "Latest Ordovician graptolites from the Mandalay Region, Myanmar." Palaeoworld 29, no. 1 (2020): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2019.09.003.

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Selth, Andrew. "Kipling, “Mandalay” and Burma in the Popular Imagination." Journal of Burma Studies 20, no. 1 (2016): 105–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jbs.2016.0005.

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Min, Yu Yu, Thu Htet Naing, Nwe Nwe Htun, et al. "Distribution of Pigeon Pea Cyst Nematode and Root-Knot Nematodes in Major Sesame Growing Areas in Myanmar." Agronomy 10, no. 10 (2020): 1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101457.

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The pigeon pea cyst nematode, Heterodera cajani, is an economically important plant-parasitic nematode in sesame production. The objective of the study was to investigate distribution of H. cajani in the major sesame producing areas in Myanmar. Before cultivation, soil samples were collected in 96 local farmer’s fields: (19 fields in Magway, 20 fields in Mandalay, 14 fields in Sagaing and 43 in Nay Pyi Taw), and nematode density was quantified by real-time PCR. The cyst nematode was detected in 63.2% of the fields in Magway and the mean density was 22.6 eggs equivalent (20 g soil)−1. In Mandalay and Nay Pyi Taw, the cyst nematode was detected in 40.0% and 18.6% of the fields with the mean densities of 9.9 and 21.0 eggs equivalent (20 g soil)−1, respectively. By contrast, the cyst nematode was not detected in Sagaing fields, in which sesame is rotated with paddy rice. Infestation of root-knot nematodes (RKN, Meloidogyne spp.) was also evaluated, because sesame is generally rotated with rice and pulses, which are attacked by RKN. The results showed 25.6% infestation of RKN with a mean density of 34.3 eggs equivalent (20 g soil)−1 only in Nay Pyi Taw, while there was no infestation in Magway, Mandalay, and Sagaing. The relationships between the nematode infestation level and the cropping patterns in each sesame growing area in Myanmar were discussed.

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Wang, Chialan Sharon. "Border-crossing and the narrative of the minor: Midi Z’s The Road to Mandalay." Asian Cinema 32, no. 1 (2021): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ac_00031_1.

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This article studies Midi Z’s The Road to Mandalay (2016) as a cinematic representation of Deleuze’s ‘minor literature’. I argue that the film gives rise to collective utterances against social and economic hegemony, particularly in its portrayal of Burmese immigrant characters who, as Agamben’s ‘bare life’, are subject to the violence underlying the biopower of neo-liberalism. A diasporic Burmese Chinese, Midi Z adopts the convention of cinema verité and fictionalizes the social reality of the migrant Burmese community. The Road to Mandalay articulates the pathos of those who are deprived of civil rights and who, in their negotiation with the exploitation of global capitalism, manage to survive in an interstitial space. The article unpacks the way the film allegorizes such a struggle in moments of surrealist and transcendental visions.

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Nagpal, Tanvi, Henry Rawlings, and Maël Balac. "Understanding water demand and usage in Mandalay city, Myanmar as a basis for resetting tariffs†." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, no. 4 (2020): 680–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.076.

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Abstract Water service providers must understand the needs and consumption patterns of their customers in order to make informed decisions on new investments. The Mandalay City Development Committee is undertaking an expansion of its water supply and sewerage infrastructure with a goal of reaching every citizen. The service provider needs to revise tariffs to cover higher provision costs. To this end, a survey conducted in 2019 in Mandalay City, Myanmar revealed that 80% of users relied on more than one water source. The selection of water source depended on intended use, quality, availability, and reliability more than it did on price. Users are heavily reliant on groundwater, which is also increasingly scarce and contaminated. The findings shed light on the challenges of meeting operational costs through tariffs when municipal supplies are not the sole source of water, water quality is poor, and non-revenue water is high.

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Segall, K. "On the Road to Mandalay Burma/Myanmar, September 1999." Public Culture 16, no. 1 (2004): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/08992363-16-1-159.

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Mahmood, Mohammad Afzal, Dale Halliday, Robert Cumming, et al. "Snakebite incidence in two townships in Mandalay Division, Myanmar." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 12, no. 7 (2018): e0006643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006643.

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Pautreau, Jean-Pierre, U. Pauk Pauk, and Kate Domett. "Le cimetière de Hnaw Kan, Malhaing (Mandalay). Note préliminaire." Aséanie 8, no. 1 (2001): 73–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/asean.2001.1733.

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Riedel, Friedlind. "Burma, Kipling and western music: the riff from Mandalay." Ethnomusicology Forum 26, no. 2 (2017): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17411912.2017.1333016.

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Ayoub, John. "The Effectiveness of the Tourism Master Plan (TMP 2013-2020) – Perceptions of Myanmar’s Tourism Stakeholder." ASEAN Journal on Hospitality and Tourism 18, no. 2 (2020): 111–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/ajht.2020.18.2.06.

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This paper is a work-in-progress that aims to assess the evaluation of the 2013-2020 Myanmar Hotel and Tourism Ministry (MHT) Tourism Master Plan (TMP 2013-2020) from the perceptions of the country's tourism stakeholders. The TMP aims to improve tourism outcomes through sustainable practices such as more practical education and training of industry staff as opposed to traditional rote learning methods which was a major concern discussed during the Australia-Myanmar Institute (AMI) conferences in Yangon and Mandalay in January 2020. Currently, much of Myanmar’s tourism infrastructure, namely accommodation, is limited to the Mandalay-Naypyidaw-Yangon corridor. A further challenge to the TMP will be the Covid-19 epidemic which has inhibited tourism activity. The research assessed the perceptions of Myanmar tourism stakeholders, including peripheral communities and international tour operators, using the extracted data to suggest calls-to-action in order to improve professional practice and lead to more sustainable tourism outcomes for Myanmar including its various remote and indigenous ethnicities.

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Naing, Wutyi, Hidenori Harada, Shigeo Fujii, and Chaw Su Su Hmwe. "Informal Emptying Business in Mandalay: Its Reasons and Financial Impacts." Environmental Management 65, no. 1 (2019): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-019-01228-w.

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AbstractGlobally, 2.8 billion people use on-site sanitation facilities, which need regular emptying of accumulated fecal sludge. Illegal dumping from informal emptying businesses, one of the major challenges in environmental management, is widely observed. Considering Mandalay, Myanmar, this study aimed to determine why informal emptying businesses are selected and estimate the lost revenue for a formal emptying service provider (FP) due to the informal businesses. We interviewed 400 households on their recognition and experiences regarding emptying services and willingness-to-pay for improved service. Revenue loss was estimated by comparing the present and theoretical maximum revenues. Results showed that 91.0% of households recognized FP only. Among 134 emptying-experienced households, 32.8%, 59.7%, and 4.5% chose FP with legal contact, FP with illegal contact, and informal service providers, respectively. The service fees from FP with illegal contact did not become revenue for FP; this was a major informal emptying business in the city. Differently from previous studies, the major illegal dumping was done by FP in this area. A great financial loss was estimated that FP lost 76.5% of the theoretical maximum revenue due to informal business. Logistic regression analysis indicated people’s intention to shorten the waiting time through illegal contact, even by paying a higher fee. As emptying services are typically required immediately after fecal sludge is over-accumulated, shorter waiting times and faster contact methods were the reasons why the informal business was selected. Less bureaucratic and more customer friendly system could reduce revenue loss, charge more, and increase profits.

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Myint, A. A., S. Mon, T. T. Aye, and N. O. Myint. "Challenges in management of cervical cancer in Mandalay General Hospital, Myanmar." Annals of Oncology 28 (November 2017): x91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdx663.018.

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16

Aung, Nyan M. "Root Canal Anatomy of Myanmar Permanent Mandibular Incisors in Mandalay Region." International Journal of Dentistry 2020 (August 7, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8842636.

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Introduction. Incomplete understanding of the root canal system leads to endodontic failure. Missed canal was the fourth most common endodontic failure, which needed retreatment. There were a few studies on internal morphology of posterior teeth of Myanmar population. However, there was no report on root canal anatomy of anterior teeth. So, the aim of the in vitro study was to investigate root canal anatomy of Myanmar permanent mandibular incisors in Mandalay Region by the staining and clearing method. Materials and Methods. A total of 96 teeth from the tertiary hospitals and one academic department in Mandalay Region were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, they were cleaned, drilled, stained with Indian ink, and decalcified with 5% nitric acid for 3 days. After that, they were dehydrated with ascending concentration of ethanol (80% overnight, 90% for 1 hour, and full strength for three hours). Finally, they were clarified with 98% methyl salicylate and investigated by calibrated observer in case of Vertucci’s classification, allocation of apical foramen, and the detailed anatomy. Result. Almost 70% of the teeth had type Ι followed by 21.8% type ΙΙΙ, 4% 1-2-1-2-1 and type ΙΙ, and 1-3-2 and 2-3-1 comprised 1% each. Nearly 70% of apical foramen at central allocation of the root and 14% of detailed anatomy were seen in the sample teeth. Conclusion. Most of the sampled Myanmar teeth comprised one canal and one foramen followed by type ΙΙΙ. However, unusual anatomies, such as 1-2-1-2-1, 1-3-2, and 2-3-1, were also seen. Contrastively, proportions of central location of apical foramen and of detailed anatomy were differed from the former reports. This study summarized that 3 in 10 mandibular incisors comprised the evidence of second or third canal configuration. Three types of intercanal calcifications, fusiform, islet, and bead, were additionally explored.

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Grzybowski, Michael, Melissa E. Lenczewski, and Yee Yee Oo. "Water quality and physical hydrogeology of the Amarapura township, Mandalay, Myanmar." Hydrogeology Journal 27, no. 4 (2019): 1497–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-018-01922-9.

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Mar Than, Thae, and Su Su Yi Mon. "Analysis on Electromagnetic Radiation in Mobile Base Station in Mandalay Region." Communications 8, no. 1 (2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.com.20200801.14.

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19

Fang, Xiao Duan, Ge Cheng Ouyang, and Wei Nan Wu. "New species and record of phytoseiid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) from Myanmar." Systematic and Applied Acarology 24, no. 10 (2019): 1918–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.10.11.

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This paper is the first report of phytoseiid mites from Myanmar. By examining the specimens collected from two south-central cities, Mandalay and Mingun, five species were found in this survey, including four new species, Euseius mandalayensis sp. nov., E. dominativus sp. nov., E. longisaccatus sp. nov., and Phytoseius pseudoincisus sp. nov., and one new record E. ovalis. Herein, they are described and illustrated based on the current specimens.

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Bi, Yufang, and Yongfang Liu. "Creating mandalas reduces social anxiety in college students." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 47, no. 10 (2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.8410.

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In 2 experiments we investigated the effectiveness of creating mandalas for reducing social anxiety in college students. In Experiment 1 we measured social anxiety in a sample of 71 college students using the Interaction Anxiety Scale, comparing a group who created a mandala with a group who engaged in free drawing. The results indicated that creating a mandala reduced social anxiety more than free drawing did. In Experiment 2 we used the Interaction Anxiety Scale and measured electrodermal activity, which is an important physiological index of anxiety, to further compare social anxiety changes between creating a mandala and drawing within a square in a sample of 75 college students. We found that creating a mandala was more effective for reducing electrodermal activity and social anxiety scores than was drawing within a square. These findings indicate that creating mandalas can be used to relieve and treat social anxiety.

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Chambers, William V. "A Repertory Grid Measure of Mandalas." Psychological Reports 57, no. 3 (1985): 923–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.57.3.923.

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Jung described mandalas as symbols of psychological wholeness. Mandalas are concentric geometrical structures that have been used as religious symbols in India since ancient times. Mandalas express a highly complex but logical set of relationships among their subparts. A repertory grid measure of mandala principles is described in this study. The relevance of this personal construct technique to Jung's theory of individuation is elaborated.

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Moe Sann, Waing Waing, Wises Namwat, Kiatichai Faksri, et al. "Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using 24-locus MIRU-VNTR typing and Spoligotyping in Upper Myanmar." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 14, no. 11 (2020): 1296–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.12998.

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Introduction: MIRU-VNTR typing and Spoligotyping are the useful molecular tools for TB epidemiology study. Information regarding genetic diversity and tuberculosis (TB) transmission in Upper Myanmar only is scares. Methodology: We determined the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and TB transmission from Upper Myanmar TB Reference Laboratory, Mandalay Region, including Mandalay (72), Shan (22), Magway (15), Sagaing (13), Nay Pyi Taw (8), Kachin (7), Chin (2) and Kayah (1). One hundred and forty Mtb isolates were genotyped using 24-locus MIRU-VNTR typing and spoligotyping. Lineage classification and TB transmission analysis were performed. Results: 24-locus MIRU-VNTR typing identified 135 unique profiles and two clusters compared to 35 spoligotyping profiles which contained 12 clusters and 23 unique isolates, Beijing (n=100, 71.4%) was found to be prominent lineage by combine two methods. The expected proportion attributable to recent transmission based on clustering rate was 2.1%. One cluster case was more likely to be in MDR patient. Conclusions: Our findings showed Beijing genotypes were dominant in Upper Myanmar. The usage and analysis of 24-locus MIRU-VNTR typing might prove useful for our broader understanding of TB outbreaks and epidemiology than spoligotyping. The genotypic pattern of this combined method suggests that the lower transmission rate may be due to a higher possibility of reactivation cases in Upper Myanmar.

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Naing Oo, Toe, Lucas Donny Setijadji, I. Wayan Warmada, and Than Than Oo. "Geochemistry, Hydrothermal alteration and Ore mineralogy of Skarn Mineralization at Wethey-Pheshey area, Thabeikkyin Township, Mandalay Region, Myanmar." Journal of Applied Geology 1, no. 2 (2016): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jag.26961.

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Wethey-Pheshy area is located 80 km north of Mandalay at Thabeikkyin Township, Mandalay Region. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) were applied in this study. Geochemical studies on the host rocks indicate that major and minor oxides compositions of metamorphicrocks show some degree of variation. CaO, MgO, FeO, TiO2 and P2O5 concentration of the metamorphic rock samples show a coherent negative correlation with SiO2 whereas Na2O is positively correlated with SiO2. The metamorphic rocks are strongly enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE) and relatively depleted in heavy rare earth element (HREE). The depleted Eu-nomalies in the chondrite-normalized REE diagrams indicate a plagioclase-depleted Eu crustal source or fractionation during magmatic differentiation. Intrusion of granitic rocks in the diopside marble caused the base metal ore mineralization and associated skarn alterations. Granite shows the sub-alkaline nature and peraluminous character. It is identified as I-type granite (magnetite series) developed in the volcanic arc setting. Hydrothermal alteration types associated with gold and skarn mineralization in the study area include calc-silicate alteration, propylitization, sericitization (argillitization) and hematization. Based on the nature and characteristics of host rocks, mineralization and alteration style and geochemical characteristics in the study area is identified as intrusion-related skarn mineralization. Common ore minerals include chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, pyrite, gold and Fe-oxides.

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Moore, Elizabeth. "The reconstruction of Mandalay Palace: an interim report on aspects of design." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 56, no. 2 (1993): 335–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x0000553x.

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When King Mindon (reigned 1853–78) transferred his court to Mandalay and began to build his palace there in 1857, many parts of the teak buildings were brought from the old capital of Amarapura. In the hundred years before that, the palace had already been disassembled and moved from Ava to Amarapura and back again before King Shwebo Min finally reassembled the royal buildings at Amarapura in 1837. Each time, complex wood structures covered with gilt carvings were taken apart and transported to the new royal centre. When it was re-erected, embellishments were added, and the whole refurbished with new paint and gilding.

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Mitchell, A. H. G., Myint Thein Htay, Kyaw Min Htun, Myint Naing Win, Thura Oo, and Tin Hlaing. "Rock relationships in the Mogok metamorphic belt, Tatkon to Mandalay, central Myanmar." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 29, no. 5-6 (2007): 891–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2006.05.009.

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Roobthaisong, Amonrattana, Wah Wah Aung, Aye Aye Han, et al. "Molecular Epidemiology of Cholera Outbreaks during the Rainy Season in Mandalay, Myanmar." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 97, no. 5 (2017): 1323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0296.

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27

Thant, Aye Aye, and Win Win Aye. "Future Predictions of Rainfall Using GCMs: A Case Study for Mandalay, Myanmar." International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 9, no. 9 (2019): p9314. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.9.09.2019.p9314.

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Oo, Win Maw. "Diversity of rotifer in fishery ponds from Amarapura Township (Mandalay Division) Myanmar." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 416 (January 28, 2020): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/416/1/012018.

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Hinshaw, Art. "An Unquestionable Mediation Conflict of Interest—The MGM Mandalay Bay Shooting Settlement." Alternatives to the High Cost of Litigation 38, no. 7 (2020): 102–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alt.21847.

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30

Myint, A. A., S. Mon, T. T. Aye, and S. S. Htay. "308PD Cervical cancer burden in the Radiation Oncology Unit, Mandalay General Hospital." Annals of Oncology 27 (December 2016): ix97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0923-7534(21)00466-x.

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31

Hartley, Eugene L., and William T. Beaver. "Navajo Ceremonial Gaps and Individual Selfhood." Psychological Reports 65, no. 2 (1989): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.65.2.459.

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The traditional Navajo wedding ceremony is examined. The ritual includes the depiction of a sample mandala and the welding of the couple into a unitary selfhood. The design on the wedding basket involves mandalas with ceremonial gaps. The open mandala is interpreted to represent an expanded selfhood that transcends the body and embraces the community and all phases of nature.

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Kyaw, Aung Kyaw, Mya Myat Ngwe Tun, Takeshi Nabeshima, et al. "Chikungunya Virus Infection in Blood Donors and Patients During Outbreak, Mandalay, Myanmar, 2019." Emerging Infectious Diseases 26, no. 11 (2020): 2741–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2611.201824.

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Keeler, Ward. "Shifting Transversals: Trans Women's Move from Spirit Mediumship to Beauty Work in Mandalay." Ethnos 81, no. 5 (2015): 792–820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00141844.2014.992930.

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Maw, Aye Min, Khin Phyu Phyu, Myo Nanda Aung, et al. "Approach to assessment of heavy metals contamination in drinking water, Mandalay region, Myanmar." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 496 (June 18, 2020): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/496/1/012008.

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DHOOGE, LUCIENJ. "THE WRONG WAY TO MANDALAY: THE MASSACHUSETTS SELECTIVE PURCHASING ACT AND THE CONSTITUTION." American Business Law Journal 37, no. 3 (2000): 378–484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1714.2000.tb00275.x.

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Natalie Taylor. "Lydia Laube, From Burma to Myanmar: On the Road to Mandalay." Antipodes 30, no. 1 (2016): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.13110/antipodes.30.1.0239.

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Allott, Anna. "Half a Century of Publishing in Mandalay: The Ludu Kyi-bwa-yay Press." Journal of Burma Studies 1, no. 1 (1997): 83–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jbs.1997.0010.

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Thein, Si Thu, Tin Aung, and Willi McFarland. "Estimation of the Number of Female Sex Workers in Yangon and Mandalay, Myanmar." AIDS and Behavior 19, no. 10 (2015): 1941–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-015-1169-9.

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Huxley, Andrew. "Hpo Hlaing on Buddhist law." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 73, no. 2 (2010): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x10000364.

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AbstractThis article introduces an English version (translator unknown) of a Burmese law report: Judge Hpo Hlaing's ruling in Ma Hla v. Ma Wa, delivered in Mandalay in 1877. The judgement contains a paragraph dealing with the sources of Buddhist Law which appears to be a riposte to work published earlier that year in Lower Burma. That the judge was Burma's leading political philosopher gives special resonance to his views on law. His list of five law reports from the Pali canon and related texts is of interest. A reading is advanced in which the five cases link to Burmese ideas about legal pluralism.

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Simko, Paul J. "MGM Mirage." Darden Business Publishing Cases 1, no. 1 (2017): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/case.darden.2016.000200.

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A senior analyst has recently completed an on-site visit to the Las Vegas properties of MGM Mirage. She must value the enterprise after her preparation of projected financial statements. Assumptions for these statements come from a combination of standard account relations delineated in the case and from specific company projections that must be gleaned from MGM's MD&A. This case introduces students to pro forma financial statements and their relevance to cash flow and earnings-based valuation. Tools relevant to spreadsheet modeling can also be introduced. The case precedes MGM's announced acquisition of Mandalay Bay Corporation in 2004.

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Bafna, Sonit. "On the Idea of the Mandala as a Governing Device in Indian Architectural Tradition." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 59, no. 1 (2000): 26–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991561.

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This paper is an attempt to reconsider our current understanding of the role accorded to the mandala within traditional Indian architecture. It is generally held that the mandala-in particular the Vāstupuruṣamaṇḍala, the mandala associated with vāstu (inhabited or built site)-has played a determining role in the genesis of architectural form in India. Within more popular, and less circumspect, writings, this influence is held to be directly formal; the Vāstupuruṣamaṇḍala is traditionally drawn within a square grid, and any sign of an orthogonal planning or a grid-like layout is taken to be a sign that the form in question was based upon the mandala. In investigating the foundations of such a belief, this paper reviews two bodies of literature. The first is modern art-historical scholarship, an examination of which shows that the idea of a morphogenetic mandala emerged only recently, and that it was not so much culled from the traditional writing as constructed afresh by art historians such as Kramrisch. The other body of literature examined is that of the traditional writings on architecture, many of which are cited as key sources of evidence for this idea. Here it is argued that there is almost no direct evidence for the use of mandalas in laying out complexes or designing buildings, and that such ideas of the use of mandalas rest on several assumptions that must themselves be questioned.

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Maung, Mya. "On the Road to Mandalay: A Case Study of the Sinonization of Upper Burma." Asian Survey 34, no. 5 (1994): 447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2645057.

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Nom, Nang A. Mwe, Khine Wut Yee Kyaw, Ajay M. V. Kumar, et al. "HIV Care Cascade among Prisoners of the Mandalay Central Prison in Myanmar: 2011–2018." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 5, no. 1 (2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5010004.

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Prisoners have a higher HIV prevalence and higher rates of attrition from care as compared with the general population. There is no published evidence on this issue from Myanmar. We assessed (1) HIV test uptake, HIV positivity, and enrollment in care among newly admitted prisoners between 2017 and 18 (2) Treatment outcomes among HIV-positive prisoners enrolled in care between 2011 and 18. This was a cohort study involving secondary analysis of program data. Among 26,767 prisoners admitted to the Mandalay Central Prison between 2017 and 2018, 10,421 (39%) were HIV-tested, 547 (5%) were HIV-positive, and 376 (69%) were enrolled in care. Among the 1288 HIV-positive prisoners enrolled in care between 2011 and 2018, 1178 (92%) were started on antiretroviral therapy. A total of 883 (69%) were transferred out (post-release) to other health facilities, and among these, only 369 (42%) reached their destination health facilities. The final outcomes (censored on 30 June 2019) included the following: (i) Alive and in care 495 (38%), (ii) death 138 (11%), (iii) loss to follow-up 596 (46%), and (iv) transferred out after reaching the health facilities 59 (5%). We found major gaps at every step of the HIV care cascade among prisoners, both inside and outside the prison. Future research should focus on understanding the reasons for these gaps and designing appropriate interventions to fill these gaps.

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44

Moore, Elizabeth, and Pauk Pauk. "Nyaung-gan: A Preliminary Note on a Bronze Age Cemetery near Mandalay, Myanmar (Burma)." Asian Perspectives 40, no. 1 (2001): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/asi.2001.0012.

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45

Maung, Mya. "On the Road to Mandalay: A Case Study of the Sinonization of Upper Burma." Asian Survey 34, no. 5 (1994): 447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.1994.34.5.00p0392c.

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Muirhead, Woodie, Lwin Oo, Margaret Mahoney, and Jessica Rozek. "On the Road to Mandalay Building a Science Curriculum around World Water Monitoring Challenge." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2012, no. 14 (2012): 2773–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864712811726185.

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47

Zaw, Khin, and P. J. Goosens. "A brief account of lead mineralization at Phaungdaw Prospect, Pyawbwe Township, Mandalay Division, Burma." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia 23 (August 30, 1989): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/bgsm23198907.

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48

Baillargeon, David. "‘On the Road to Mandalay’: The Development of Railways in British Burma, 1870–1900." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 48, no. 4 (2020): 654–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2020.1741838.

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49

Kirichenko, Alexey. "From Ava to Mandalay: Toward Charting the Development of Burmese Yazawin Traditions." Journal of Burma Studies 13, no. 1 (2009): 1–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jbs.2009.0001.

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50

Saha, Jonathan. "Milk to Mandalay: dairy consumption, animal history and the political geography of colonial Burma." Journal of Historical Geography 54 (October 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2016.05.016.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mandalay'

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