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Journal articles on the topic 'Mandarin particles'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 19 February 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Liu, Mingming. "Varieties of alternatives: Mandarin focus particles." Linguistics and Philosophy 40, no. 1 (2016): 61–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10988-016-9199-y.

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Hasanah, Hana Nurul. "Partikel Fatis Bahasa Mandarin dalam Drama Televisi: Kajian Awal terhadap Partikel Le." Paradigma, Jurnal Kajian Budaya 2, no. 2 (2016): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.17510/paradigma.v2i2.26.

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<p>One of the characteristics of non-standard language varieties is employing phatic particles in the beginning of the sentence, in the middle or in the end of it. In Mandarin language, one phatic particle that is commonly used by Mandarin speakers is le particle. This research generally aimed at describing the functions of phatic particle le found in television drama series. The series from which the data were gathered is Zan Jia Na Xie Shir, the first part from the first episode. From 78 phatic particles found in the drama series, of which 47 of them are le as phatic particle; 10 of th

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3

Yueh-chin, Chang. "Les indices acoustiques et perceptifs des questions totales en mandarin parlé de Taïwan." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 27, no. 1 (1998): 51–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028_027_01-03.

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This study confirms previous acoustic findings that yes-no questions and declarative questions have a higher register than declarative sentences. However, our perception tests show that in the formation of Mandarin questions intonation is not as important as in French. For yes-no questions with question particles, the question particles play the main role. The subjects perceived the yes-no questions without particles and the declarative questions as showing surprise on the part of the speaker, or as surprised questions. The study suggests that in Mandarin, question intonation and surprise into

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4

Li, Bin. "Prosodic features of Mandarin utterance final particles." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 121, no. 5 (2007): 3202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4782474.

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Alena Dmitrievna, Pavlova. "Sentence-final particles as a universal linguistic category: particles in Slavic and Chinese languages." EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SINOLOGY 8 (2017) 8 (2017): 37–47. https://doi.org/10.12906/9783865154101_002.

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Sentence-final particles or modal particles or utterance particles are always named as something very specific of Chinese language (Mandarin and dialects). Due to different typology of languages there are several ways (lexicology, intonation, particles) how to express its' communicative and grammatical functions in translation, and that cause difficulties for learners, requiring them for deep understanding of two languages (especially its’ latent semantics and an attitude of the speaker to the situation). And that’s why particles shouldn’t be learnt by heart, they should be assimilated. Based

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Hao, Yuxin, Xun Duan, and Qiuyue Yan. "Processing Aspectual Agreement in a Language with Limited Morphological Inflection by Second Language Learners: An ERP Study of Mandarin Chinese." Brain Sciences 12, no. 5 (2022): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12050524.

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Previous studies on the neural cognitive mechanisms of aspectual processing in second language (L2) learners have focused on Indo-European languages with rich inflectional morphology. These languages have aspects which are equipped with inflected verb forms combined with auxiliary or modal verbs. Meanwhile, little attention has been paid to Mandarin Chinese, which has limited morphological inflection, and its aspect is equipped with aspectual particles (e.g., le, zhe, guo). The present study explores the neurocognitive mechanism of Mandarin Chinese aspect processing among two groups of late Ma

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7

Badan, Linda, and Chiara Romagnoli. "The acquisition of Mandarin sentence final particles by Italian learners." International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 58, no. 4 (2020): 475–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iral-2017-0090.

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AbstractThis article deals with the acquisition of four Mandarin sentence final particles ma, a, ba, ne by Italian native speakers. The research gives a contribution to the study of sentence final particles from an acquisition and didactic perspective, which has been scarcely investigated in the linguistic literature. The article proposes a quantitative and qualitative experimental analysis with two groups of Italian learners, one at elementary proficiency level and one at intermediate level. The research shows that ne and ba are the most challenging particles to acquire by Italian learners. W

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Chen, Yixi, and Jianwei Yan. "Exploring the Role of Sentence-Final Particles in Spoken Cantonese: A Comparative Study Based on the POS-based Dependency Networks." Glottometrics 57 (2024): 21–39. https://doi.org/10.53482/2024_57_419.

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Sentence-final particles (SFPs) are pervasive in spoken Cantonese for expressing speakers’ attitudes. This study explores the global and local features of SFPs in both spoken Cantonese and Mandarin Chinese using two part-of-speech-based (POS-based) dependency networks. Results show that (1) globally, spoken Cantonese and Mandarin Chinese networks exhibit centralization and scale-free properties, reflecting the communication efficiency of human languages. However, spoken Cantonese manifests weaker centralization properties, as demonstrated by the diversity of its edges. Moreover, SFPs in spoken

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9

Hsiao, Pei-Yi, and One-Soon Her. "Taxonomy of questions in TaiwanSouthern Min." Concentric. Studies in Linguistics 47, no. 2 (2021): 253–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/consl.00029.her.

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Abstract Contra the conventional four-way distinction of syntactically-formed questions in Taiwan Southern Min (TSM): (i) yes-no, (ii) A-not-A, (iii) disjunctive, and (iv) wh-questions (e.g., Lau 2010a), we justify a more revealing dichotomy of confirmation-seeking (CS) polar questions and information-seeking (IS) constituent questions, based on a suite of semantic and syntactic tests proposed in extensive literature for Mandarin and adapted further for TSM, where A-not-A belongs to the disjunctive type, which is in turn a subcategory of IS constituent questions. Controversies over the proper

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10

Quan, Lihong, and Jinlong Ma. "A study of repeat-formatted repair initiations in Mandarin Chinese conversation." Chinese Language and Discourse 10, no. 2 (2019): 158–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cld.18014.qua.

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Abstract Using the methodology of Conversation Analysis (or CA), this study examines three types of other-initiated repair initiators (henceforth OIs) that repeats some element in the trouble-source (henceforth repeats) in Chinese conversation: repeats suffixed with question particles ma (吗), repeats suffixed with question particles a (啊), and question-intonated repeats. It attempts to explore the differences between these typical formats, in terms of their forms/functions and the epistemic stance of the speaker who initiates repair. The main research findings indicate that question-intonated

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Wu, Anqi, Xinyi Fu, and Daiqi Jiang. "Mandarin Sentence-Ending Modal Particles and Their Relationship with Teenage Hobby Groups." Communications in Humanities Research 59, no. 1 (2025): 86–95. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/2024.22757.

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This paper investigates the disparities in the usage of modal expressions with different group chats that target separate hobbies. Although previous studies have characterized the role modal particles play within language barriers and semantic studies, none have presented any relation between the syntactic distinctions of sentence-ending expressions and the interests of a young adult. These distinctions play a large portion of determining a speakers attitude and tone, often dictating the flow of the conversation. Small indications by the usage of Chinese modal expressions are crucial for cross

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12

Wei, Ting-Chi. "The Structure of Split Questions in Mandarin Chinese." Studies in Chinese Linguistics 41, no. 1 (2020): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scl-2020-0001.

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AbstractThis article proposes a pro analysis for split questions (SQs) in Chinese, dissimilar to the biclausal account employing focus movement and deletion in Arregi 2010 and the one employing the silent head in Kayne 2015 and Tang 2015. SQ consists of a wh-clause and a tag clause. We argue that the entire SQ is an information/confirmation-seeking question, represented by a Speech Act Phrase (SAP)-shell structure (Speas and Tenny 2003; Oguro 2017, etc.) with wh-clause in its specifier and the tag in its complement. The tag of Chinese SQ is a base-generated clause, [pro (copula) tag ma/ne], co

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13

Saft, Scott. "Stance in Talk: A Conversation Analysis of Mandarin Final Particles." Journal of Pragmatics 39, no. 2 (2007): 428–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2006.01.004.

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14

Tu, Xianghua. "Stance in Talk: A Conversation Analysis of Mandarin Final Particles." Journal of Pragmatics 38, no. 9 (2006): 1515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2006.03.008.

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15

Zhang, Niina Ning. "Sentence-final aspect particles as finite markers in Mandarin Chinese." Linguistics 57, no. 5 (2019): 967–1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2019-0020.

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Abstract In Mandarin Chinese, sentence-final aspect particles ne, le, and laizhe may occur in some types of embedded clauses, but not in other types, such as the complement of a control verb, a raising verb, lai ‘come’ and qu ‘go’, a non-epistemic modal, and the prepositional complementizer dui ‘to’. These latter types of clauses systematically show properties of nonfinite clauses in other languages. They are intrinsically embedded, ban pro-drop, their clause boundaries may be invisible for binding, and they disallow a speaker-oriented adverb and an epistemic modal. The restrictions on the dis

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16

Reese, Brian, and Hooi Ling Soh. "Parenthetical "I'm telling you" as a marker of private evidence." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 3, no. 1 (2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v3i1.4360.

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We present an analysis of parenthetical uses of the English expression I'm telling you as a discourse particle, i.e., an expression that conveys information about the epistemic states of discourse participants with respect to the propositional content of an utterance (Zimmermann 2011). The analysis connects I’m telling you to other discourse particles that mark the speaker’s assumptions about whether the (evidence for the) asserted proposition is shared knowledge between the speaker and addressee and whether or not the (evidence for the) proposition is ``verifiable on the spot'', e.g. German j

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17

Hsieh, Shelley Ching-yu, Mei-Rong Wang, and Meg Ching-yi Wang. "The interaction between Mandarin Chinese and English." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 24, no. 1 (2014): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.24.1.07she.

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This paper explores the linguistic and interactional properties of computer-mediated communication in Taiwan. We collected data from messages posted asynchronously on Internet websites. The three primary sources of messages were, in volume order, online Bulletin Board Systems (BBSs), chatrooms, and MSN messenger. We identify innovative uses of English and Mandarin Chinese hybrids, examine their function, and examine the online interlocutors’ ideologies when using them. Because of computer hardware and software, English plays an essential role even in a Mandarin-dominant online discourse by off

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18

Bruening, Benjamin. "Wh-in-Situ Does Not Correlate with Wh-Indefinites or Question Particles." Linguistic Inquiry 38, no. 1 (2007): 139–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling.2007.38.1.139.

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Two theories, the Clausal Typing Hypothesis (Cheng 1991) and the unselective binding theory of wh-in-situ, have linked wh-in-situ to two other phenomena typologically: the use of a question particle, and the use of wh-words as indefinites. This article shows, through a typological survey and a detailed comparison of Passamaquoddy and Mandarin Chinese, that there is no connection between wh-in-situ and either property. Passamaquoddy uses wh-words as indefinites in all the contexts Chinese does, but it is a robust wh-movement language. Crosslinguistically, languages of all possible types are att

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19

Karimli, Gulnar. "General Characteristics of Modal Particles in English and other languages." EuroGlobal Journal of Linguistics and Language Education 1, no. 2 (2024): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.69760/egjlle.2024.047.

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Modal particles are small yet powerful linguistic elements that play a crucial role in shaping the tone, intent, and interpersonal dynamics of communication. Found prominently in languages such as English, German, Dutch, Mandarin, and Japanese, these particles contribute to expressing speaker attitudes, softening statements, and enhancing conversational flow. Despite their non-grammatical function, modal particles enrich language by conveying subtle nuances of politeness, irony, and shared understanding, often reflecting the cultural norms and values of the speakers. This article examines the

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20

Chiu, Liching Livy. "The Interaction Between Modals and SFPs in Mandarin Chinese: A Cartographic Approach." Studies in Chinese Linguistics 42, no. 2 (2021): 183–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scl-2021-0006.

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Abstract Both sentential final particles (SFPs) and high modals commonly convey the speakers’ knowledge of the world, their judgments, intentions, and subjective attitudes. This paper aims to explore the correlations between high modals and sentence-final particles in Mandarin Chinese (MC). Specifically, two high modals of MC show the behavior of being unable to precede the subject and eliminating their epistemic reading in the presence of SFPs. The phenomenon discussed in this paper is specifically exemplified with yinggai ‘should’ and keneng ‘be likely to’ in MC. We give an analysis about wh

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21

Fang, Hongmei, та Kees Hengeveld. "A mitigator in Mandarin: the sentence-final particle ba (吧)". Open Linguistics 6, № 1 (2020): 284–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2020-0018.

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AbstractIt has been widely claimed in the literature that the sentence-final particle ba in Mandarin Chinese is a modal element. This article argues against this claim and shows that ba is an element that has a unified mitigating function with scope over the utterance as a whole. Using the framework of Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG), and more specifically its hierarchical, layered organization, the article provides several arguments that support this new classification of ba. First, ba, like mitigators in general, but unlike modal elements, can occur in sentences with different basic illoc

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22

Shu, Chih-hsiang. "On embedded contrastive focus in Mandarin Chinese." International Journal of Chinese Linguistics 6, no. 1 (2019): 76–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijchl.19003.shu.

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Abstract This article investigates the previously undocumented focus-sensitiveness of certain scope-bearing expressions in Mandarin, and argues that the syntactic effects of this property should be accommodated by a structure that involves multiple dependencies and inherited dependencies. At the empirical side, it is shown that in Mandarin, certain quantificational expressions as well as typical focusing adverbs have to occur at positions where they (i) c‑command and (ii) be as close as possible to the contrastive foci that they associate with. The similarity to the typical association-with-fo

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23

Xiang, Yimei. "Function Alternations of the Mandarin Particle Dou: Distributor, Free Choice Licensor, and ‘Even’." Journal of Semantics 37, no. 2 (2020): 171–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jos/ffz018.

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Abstract Many languages have particles that possess multiple logical functions. Take the Mandarin particle dou for example. Varying by the item it is associated with and the prosodic pattern of the environment it appears in, dou can trigger a distributivity effect, license a pre-verbal free choice item, or evoke an even-like inference. Considering universal grammar a simple system, we need to figure out, for a multi-functional particle, which of its functions is primary, what parametric variations are responsible for the alternations in function, and how these variations are conditioned. In th

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Wang, Wei. "Grammatical conformity in question-answer sequences: The case of meiyou in Mandarin conversation." Discourse Studies 22, no. 5 (2020): 610–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461445620916371.

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This article probes into grammatical conformity in Mandarin by examining meiyou, a multifunctional negative form, in question-answer sequences. Using a conversation analysis approach, it discovers that, as a conforming answer to polar questions, meiyou acquiesces to all the terms and constraints of the question and maximizes the progressivity of the sequence. As a non-conforming response to polar questions, it mitigates the disagreement by avoiding a pointed syntactic negation. Meiyou can also respond to Q-word questions, problematizing the inference incorporated in the question. This study no

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Li, Bin, and Jinping Zhu. "Effectiveness of prosodic features in the perception of mandarin utterance‐final particles." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123, no. 5 (2008): 3882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2935796.

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Handayani, Yayan Yunita, та Yulie Neila Chandra. "The Modal Particles in the Storybook 原我这么棒 Yuánlái Wύ Zhème Bàng By Li Huizhen Partikel Modalitas dalam Buku Cerita 原来我这么棒 Yuánlái Wǒ Zhème Bàng Karya Li Huizhen". Bambuti 2, № 2 (2021): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.53744/bambuti.v2i2.16.

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Particles in Mandarin can be divided into three kinds, namely structural, aspectual, and modality or modal particles. The particles have their own functions, as well as having grammatical meanings. This article discusses the particles of modality in the children's storybook entitled原我这么棒(Yuánlái Wύ Zhème Bàng) 'I'm So Great' by Li Huizhen. Particles of modality are widely used in the context of the conversation in the storybook, namely 啊 a, 吧 ba, 啦la, 了le, 啰luo, 吗ma, 嘛ma, 哪na, 呢ne, 呀ya, 哟yo. Through distributional analysis methods, as well as with the technique of evaporation and transfer anal

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Medved, Igor, Nediljka Gaurina-Međimurec, Borivoje Pašić, and Petar Mijić. "Green Approach in Water-Based Drilling Mud Design to Increase Wellbore Stability." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (2022): 5348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115348.

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Wellbore instability is one of the most serious problems that can occur during drilling, mainly during drilling oil or gas wells through rocks that contain a higher proportion of clay, such as shales. To prevent wellbore instability, oil companies apply different approaches to strengthen wellbore walls, and use different shale swelling inhibitors. The aim of this research was to apply a green approach and the concept of the circular economy in mud design, and to determine whether mandarin peel powder, which is a waste material, can be used as an inhibitor of shale swelling. For that purpose, p

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Ariqah, Nisa Faiqatul. "CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF CHINESE AND INDONESIAN EXCLAMATIVE SENTENCES IN WEBTOON TITLED《女神降临》NǙSHÉN JIÀNGLÍN/THE SECRET OF ANGEL". Bambuti 6, № 1 (2024): 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.53744/bambuti.v6i1.113.

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Abstract. This research is entitled, "Contrastive Analysis of Chinese and Indonesian Exclamative Sentences in Webtoon titled《女神降临》Nǚshén Jiànglín/The Secret of Angel". In this research about the structure and meaning of Chinese and Indonesian exclamative sentences are compared in terms of similarities and differences. The purpose of this research is to analyze the similarities and differences in the structure of the form and meaning of the exclamative sentences contained in the Chinese and Indonesian Webtoon entitled《女神降临》Nǚshén Jiànglín/The Secret of Angel by using the theory of contrastive a

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Purba, Dias Fitriani. "Analisis Kalimat Imperatif Bahasa Mandarin dalam Film Our Times." JoLLA: Journal of Language, Literature, and Arts 2, no. 5 (2022): 709–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um064v2i52022p709-723.

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Abstract: This article aims to describe the Structure of Chinese imperative sentences in the Our Times movie. This research theory used syntactic theory. This research used a descriptive qualitative research method. The data of this research are dialogues from every character that contain imperative sentences. The data source in this research is the “Our Times” movie which was released in 2015 by director Frankie Chen. The data collection technique in this research is the observation technique and the note-taking technique. Researchers analyzed the imperative structure in Our Times movie throu

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30

Xie, Tao. "Deriving the Superficial Order of Mandarin Chinese Sentential Final Particles: A Feature-Equilibrium Perspective." International Journal of Linguistics 15, no. 5 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v15i5.21174.

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The main goal of this work is to offer an analysis concerning the distribution of Sentential final particles (SFP) in Mandarin Chinese in terms of the Symmetric Syntax formulated by Narita and Fukui (2022). We propose two alternatives of deriving the linear order of SFP that can satisfy the requirement of constructing Feature-Equilibrium (F-Equi), which is argued to play a significant role in narrow syntax computation by Narita and Fukui: (i) to construct {proposition}-equilibrium; (ii) to construct {k, R}-equilibrium.

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Soh, Hooi Ling. "Mandarin Chinese sentence final de as a marker of private evidence." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 3, no. 1 (2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v3i1.4307.

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In this paper, I present new empirical observations regarding discourse restrictions and interpretative effects associated with Mandarin Chinese sentence final de in a bare de sentence. I propose an analysis of de as a discourse marker that marks “private evidence”. I then consider a prediction of the analysis regarding the distribution of de in yes/no questions. I show that the pattern of restrictions observed with de in yes/no questions follows from the proposed analysis, coupled with a specific proposal about the syntax of de, and certain standard assumptions about the syntax of yes/no ques

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32

Erlewine, Michael Yoshitaka. "Low sentence-final particles in Mandarin Chinese and the Final-over-Final Constraint." Journal of East Asian Linguistics 26, no. 1 (2016): 37–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10831-016-9150-9.

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Lu, Aitao, Xuebin Wang, Ye Zhang, Siyi Liu, Xin Huang, and Lilan Jiang. "How are cantonese sentence-final particles phonologically and semantically processed in the mind?" Psihologija, no. 00 (2025): 2. https://doi.org/10.2298/psi220701002l.

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This study investigates the semantic and phonological processing of Cantonese sentence-final particles (SFPs) in the mind. Experiment 1 showed that the reaction times (RTs) of Cantonese SFPs were shortest in the congruent condition, followed by the incongruent condition, and longest in the category-congruent condition, while in terms of Cantonese content-words the RTs were shortest in the congruent condition, but followed by the category-congruent condition, and longest in the incongruent condition. Experiment 2 showed that in congruent trials the RTs of Cantonese SFPs and content words in the

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Pan, Victor Junnan. "Derivation of the Apparent Narrow Scope of Sentence-Final Particles in Chinese: A Reply to Erlewine (2017)." Studies in Chinese Linguistics 39, no. 2 (2018): 99–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scl-2018-0004.

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Abstract Erlewine (2017) suggests that certain sentence-final particles (SFPs) in Mandarin Chinese such as “sentential le” and eryi are located lower than the C-domain, using a number of arguments relating to the scopal interaction of these SFPs, subjects, and other verb phrase (vP) level elements. The present paper proposes an alternative view of the phenomena considered by Erlewine (2017) and maintains the claim that sentential le and eryi are C-domain elements. First, I argue that shi ‘be’, in the negative form – bu shi ‘not be’ – should be analyzed as an independent verb, which takes a cla

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35

Tantucci, Vittorio, and Aiqing Wang. "Diachronic change of rapport orientation and sentence-periphery in Mandarin." Discourse Studies 22, no. 2 (2019): 146–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461445619893777.

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This article provides a corpus-based analysis of formal structure and rapport orientation of evaluative speech acts in written Mandarin starting from the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911) leading up to the present. It focuses on illocutional concurrences (IC) where the change of rapport management with the interlocutor significantly correlates with evaluative speech acts. The IC are holistic patterns that emerge at various levels of an utterance. They contribute both locally (i.e. at the morphosyntactic level) and peripherally (i.e. at the illocutionary level) to the encoding of contextually and tempor

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Wang, Chi. "A sentence-medial clause-typing intoneme in Mandarin A-NOT-A questions." Journal of Chinese Linguistics 52, no. 2 (2024): 480–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2024.a929997.

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ABSTRACT: A sentence-medial intoneme is argued to be responsible for typing Mandarin A-NOT-A questions. In narrow syntax, it is merged higher than deontic modals and lower than Tense; after spell-out, it is realized phonetically as a high-low intonation starting from the left edge of the ANOT-A predicate. This proposal is supported by a sentence-medial segmental particle in Chinese dialects, which further corroborates the Intonation-Particle Hypothesis by showing that typing particles in non-sentence-final positions are also variants of intonations. Besides, the Mandarin nuclear stress rule de

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37

Cher Leng, Lee. "Compliments and Compliment Responses of Singapore Chinese University Students." Global Chinese 1, no. 1 (2015): 169–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/glochi-2015-1007.

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Abstract This paper examines the compliments and compliment responses of Singapore Chinese university students from naturally occurring data. Both Mainland China and Taiwan have received more attention in compliments research. Unlike China and Taiwan, Singapore is in the outer circle (Kachru 1992) of the Mandarin speaking community. Although the population of Singapore comprised of three-quarters of ethnic Chinese, Mandarin is taught in school as a second language with the medium of instruction of all other subjects being English (see Lee 2012). The different language environment and cultural

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Gerner, Matthias. "Perfect in the Yi group." Studies in Language 26, no. 2 (2002): 337–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.26.2.06ger.

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The languages of the Yi group shed new light on the Perfect forms of other languages through their perfect particles. Several Yi languages display two perfect particles which unite in one paradigmatic picture the English type and the Mandarin type. I will first present Liangshan Nuosu’s ta33 (stative perfect) and o44 (dynamic perfect) with Klein’s aspect-tense terminology (1992) and will then establish a formal definition of the notion of stative and dynamic perfect. It appears that both perfects have in common their relating the utterance situation to the discourse topic (in Klein’s terminolo

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Yuanying, Deng. "Diferenças morfológicas entre o Português e o Chinês." elingUP: Revista eletrónica de Linguística dos Estudantes da Universidade do Porto 12, no. 1 (2023): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/1647-4058/eling12_1a4.

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This work aims to analyze the morphological differences between Contemporary European Portuguese and Contemporary Mandarin Chinese, namely in the nominal inflection of gender and number, and verbal inflection of number, person, tense, mood, aspect and voice. By comparing examples of nominal and verbal inflection in Portuguese and their Chinese equivalent, it is our intention to clarify the necessary lexical resources in Chinese to express the changes in gender, number, person, tense, mood, aspect and voice. In addition, it will also be analyzed the affixation of auxiliary particles and lexical

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Chan, Tsan Tsai. "Sentence-final particles in multiple phases? Some evidence from language contact." Yearbook of the Poznan Linguistic Meeting 7, no. 1 (2021): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/yplm.2021.7.1.

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Cinque’s (1999) cartographic theory associates one meaning with one functional head. As such, if applied to sentence-final particles (SFPs), cartographic assumptions ought to group semantically similar SFPs onto the same functional head cross-linguistically (cf. Pan 2019; Sybesma & Li 2007). However, I show that aspectual and restrictive focus SFPs in Cantonese and Mandarin (Sinitic, Sino-Tibetan) seemingly contradict Cinque by occupying different structural positions despite their semantic closeness. To shed light on the problem, I adduce novel data from Guangzhou Cantonese and Singapore

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Lovisolo, Osvaldo, Gian Paolo Accotto, Vera Masenga, and Addolorata Colariccio. "An isolate of Apple stem grooving virus associated with Cleopatra mandarin fruit intumescence." Fitopatologia Brasileira 28, no. 1 (2003): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-41582003000100008.

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A citrus tatter leaf isolate (CTLV-Cl) of Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) has been found to be associated with a fruit rind intumescence in Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni) in Limeira (SP). The CTLV-Cl was mechanically transmitted to the main experimental herbaceous hosts of CTLV. Chenopodium quinoa and C. amaranticolor reacted with local lesions and systemic symptoms while other test plants reacted somewhat differently than what is reported for CTLV. A pair of primers designed for specific detection of ASGV and CTLV amplified the expected 801 bp fragment from the CTLV-Cl-infected plants. T

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Alsager, Haroon Nasser. "The Syntax of Yes/No Questions in Modern Standard Arabic." International Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 5 (2020): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n5p179.

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Interrogative structures have been investigated in wide range of languages including but not limited to English, Italian, French, and Mandarin Chinese. Thus, this paper presents an analysis of the syntactic structure of yes/no questions based on feature-checking analysis (i.e., [Q], phi-features, [T], [Polarity], and EPP). First, I briefly discuss the feature-checking analysis in the declarative clauses in Modern Standard Arabic. Then, I analyze the interrogative structure in main clauses (hal, ʔa-) and in embedded clauses (idhaa) in MSA. Finally, this paper displays and discusses the findings

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Li, Feifei, Joan Borràs-Comes, and M. Teresa Espinal. "On the interpretation of response particles méi(yǒu) and bù to negative polar questions in Mandarin Chinese." Journal of Pragmatics 200 (October 2022): 267–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2022.08.013.

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Han, Yiting. "Chinese L2 users as active social agents: Sentence final particles variation and identities." Applied Pragmatics 1, no. 1 (2019): 46–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ap.00003.han.

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Abstract This study investigated the sociolinguistic pragmatic performance of eight advanced Chinese learners from a variationist sociolinguistic perspective, focusing on the variable appearance versus absence of Mandarin sentence final particles (SFPs) in non-interrogative sentences. These learners participated in a Chinese TV talk show and have become popular on social media platforms. The speech data from the talk show (400 tokens) and online data from Chinese social media platform Weibo (400 tokens) were collected and analyzed. These Chinese L2 users productively demonstrated variation in

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WANG, YUELU, та TAEEUN KIM. "A Study on the Usage Patterns of the Mandarin Modal Particles ‘a 啊’ Allomorphs Based on Interpersonal Relationships". Chinese Language Education and Research 43 (31 липня 2024): 97–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.24285/cler.2024.7.43.97.

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Ashrapov, Bahodurjon. "A Comparative Analysis of the Morpho-Syntactic Peculiarities of English Preposition On and Its Equivalents in Tajik and Chinese." Stephanos Peer reviewed multilanguage scientific journal 71, no. 3 (2025): 24–33. https://doi.org/10.24249/2309-9917-2025-71-3-24-33.

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The given article dwells on a comparative linguistic analysis focusing on the English preposition on and its functional equivalents in Tajik and Mandarin Chinese. The methodology involves analyzing parallel constructions and contrasting linguistic devices identified through reference grammars, corpora, and specifically through examples drawn from “Reminiscences” Sadriddin Aini for Tajik. The analysis highlights significant divergences: English relies on the polysemous preposition on within a relatively fixed SVO structure; Tajik employs a range of prepositions (bar, dar, ba), postpositions (rū

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Shim, Jae-Han, Md Musfiqur Rahman, Ahmed A. Zaky, et al. "Simultaneous Determination of Pyridate, Quizalofop-ethyl, and Cyhalofop-butyl Residues in Agricultural Products Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Foods 11, no. 7 (2022): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11070899.

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An analytical method was developed to simultaneously determine pyridate, quizalofop-ethyl, and cyhalofop-butyl in brown rice, soybean, potato, pepper, and mandarin using LC-MS/MS. Purification was optimized using various sorbents: primary–secondary amine, octadecyl (C18) silica gel, graphitized carbon black, zirconium dioxide-modified silica particles, zirconium dioxide-modified silica particles (Z-SEP), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Three versions of QuECHERS methods were then tested using the optimal purification agent. Finally, samples were extracted using acetonitrile and QuE

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Hsieh, Chen-Yu Chester. "Linguistic typology, language modality, and stuff like that." Studies in Language 43, no. 1 (2019): 92–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.18009.hsi.

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Abstract Pragmatic particles termed general extenders (GE) have been examined across languages and are found to serve multiple functions. Despite the fruitful findings, few study the use of GEs in different language modalities and in typologically more different languages such as Chinese. This research aims to contribute to this literature by investigating the use of the GE zhilei(de) (zld), ‘of that kind,’ in spoken and written Chinese. Data from corpora of spoken and written Chinese suggest that zld displays some distinctive patterns in its form and function, partly due to the typological tr

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Hsieh, Chen-Yu Chester, and Lily I-Wen Su. "Construction in conversation." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 17, no. 1 (2019): 131–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00029.hsi.

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Abstract Although the Construction Grammar (CxG) model has yielded fruitful findings, the role that pragmatics plays in language has not yet been fully considered in this theoretical framework. The recent development of spoken corpora, however, enables construction grammarians to develop a new approach called Interactional Construction Grammar, which incorporates interactional factors into CxG analysis to account for patterns that involve interpersonal functions and global contexts. Adopting this approach, the present study attempts to examine the use of a complement-taking mental predicate xi

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Deshmukh, S. D., S. R. Patil, and A. M. Sonkamble. "Green Synthesis of Silver Nano-Particles using Different Plant Leaf Extract for Nagpur Mandarin Coating - An Eco-Friendly Approach." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 9, no. 6 (2020): 1132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.906.140.

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