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Tétard, Stessy. "Mandat et famille. Contribution à l'étude du contrat de mandat." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30065.
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Le mandat est un contrat torturé. Figé dans une définition imprécise et plongé dans une diversification non maitrisée, il est aujourd’hui malaisé de déterminer ce qu’il est. Le contexte familial est symptomatique de cette crise d’identité. Le mandat est un outil particulièrement sollicité par les membres de la famille, dans le but d’organiser leurs relations ou d’anticiper des événements (la vulnérabilité ou la mort) susceptibles de générer certaines difficultés. En tant que contrat, il est peu contraignant à mettre en œuvre et s’acclimate facilement des particularités de ce contexte. Cependant, s’il est en principe l’œuvre consentie de deux personnes, le mandant et le mandataire, cet environnement a révélé qu’il pouvait aussi être imposé par un membre de la famille ou une autorité extérieure, telle que la loi ou le juge. Alors, le mandat se trouve directement altéré dans certains de ses caractères essentiels : sa source (la volonté) ou son effet (la représentation). Ces manifestations originales mettent la notion à l’épreuve et elles invitent à la repenser.La particularité du contexte familial lui imprime assurément une coloration particulière. L’idée est alors séduisante de créer un mandat familial, singularisé, pour se départir d’une définition légale insaisissable et façonner la notion à partir de ses différentes applications. Une telle démarche nuirait pourtant à ce contrat en nourrissant le phénomène d’hyperspécialisation dont il est l’objet. C’est pour cette raison qu’une autre voie doit être empruntée, celle de la redéfinition. Ce n’est qu’une fois doté d’une définition claire et précise que ce contrat pourra, à l’avenir, s’épanouir dans une pluralité de domaines, sans qu’il n’ait à subir, pour cela, de dénaturation. Reconstruit sur de solides critères, indispensables à sa bonne qualification et à la nécessaire requalification de ses usurpations, le mandat s’affranchira de sa fongibilité actuelle et des nombreuses confusions qui en altèrent la compréhensionThe mandate is a tormented contract. Fixed in a broad definition and shot through an uncontrolled diversification, it is currently hard to determine what a mandate is. The family context is symptomatic of this identity crisis. The mandate is a tool which is particularly used by the members of the family, as it is suitable for organizing the family relationships, as well as for anticipating events, such as vulnerability or death, that may create some difficulties. As a contract, it is not excessively burdensome to implement, and it deals easily with the particular features of the context. If it is normally the result of the will of two persons, the principal and the agent, nevertheless, the family context revealed that the mandate could be imposed by a family member or an external authority, such as the law or the judge. The mandate is thus directly corrupted in its essential characteristics : its source (the will) or its effects (the representation). Those original phenomena test the mandate and prompt to rethink the notion. The particularities of the family context give it a very specific ring. Therefore, it is an appealing idea to create a singled out family mandate, in order to divest from an elusive legal definition, and to shape the notion using its various applications. However, such an approach would be damaging the contract, feeding the hyperspecialization to which it is subjected. That is why another course must be taken : the mandate must be redefined. Once given a clear and precise definition, the mandate will be able to fulfill itself in many areas, without suffering any distorsion. Rebuilt on solid criteria, allowing to sort out good classifications from usurpations, the mandate will be liberated from its current fungibility and from the numerous confusions which are now detrimental to its correct understanding
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Fahel, Márcio José Cordeiro. "Mandado de segurança coletivo: gênese, natureza e prospecção." Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11193.
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O mandado de segurança coletivo revelou-se, na Constituição de 1988, marco de seu surgimento, instrumento de acesso à justiça, via partido político, organização sindical, entidade de classe ou associação. Todavia, a Lei 12.016/2009, que regulou, em texto consolidado, o mandado de segurança individual e o coletivo, parece, quanto a este, ter restringido o alcance constitucional do remédio heróico, inclusive se afastando do denominado microssistema de tutela coletiva. A discrepância entre a Lei 12.016/09 e o denominado microssistema de tutela coletiva conduz, entretanto, à necessidade de hermenêutica constitucional que assegure a máxima efetividade ao mandado de segurança coletivo. O estudo justifica-se pela importância do mandado de segurança coletivo no cenário de tutela coletiva dos direitos, notadamente para proteger direitos fundamentais violados ou ameaçados de lesão por ato de autoridade pública, e propõe uma abordagem dos seguintes pontos: a) evolução das ações coletivas no Brasil; b) construção doutrinária dos interesses coletivos no Brasil; c) direitos difusos, coletivos e individuais homogêneos; d) partes e legitimidade nas ações coletivas; e) princípios informativos das ações coletivas; f) histórico do mandado de segurança; g) mandado de segurança na Constituição de 1988; h) Antecedentes do mandado de segurança coletivo; i) legitimidade do mandado de segurança coletivo; j) coisa julgada nas ações coletivas; l) mandado de segurança coletivo na Lei 12.016/2009. Ao final, expõe-se uma síntese conclusiva e crítica sobre as alterações promovidas no mandado de segurança pela Lei 12.016/2009, visando à uma interpretação da lei específica com o microssistema de tutela coletiva.
Salvador
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Svoboda, Radek. "Analýza vývoje mandatorních výdajů v České republice od roku 1993 do roku 2013." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-203735.
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The goal of the thesis is to analyze structure and development of the mandatory expenditures in the Czech Republic in the period 1993-2013. The theoretical part deals with theories of public expenditures and public revenues in order to explain the importance of the mandatory expenditures in the scheme of Czech public finance. The second section of the theoretical part describes the features and legal framework with regard to the methodology of the Ministry of finance of the Czech Republic. The practical part of the thesis adopts the framework built in the theoretical part of the thesis. The most important expenditures are expenditures arising from law, which represent over 90 % of mandatory expenditures. The social transfers came into scrutiny because of special importance within this group of expenditures. The fastest growing expenditures within non-social transfers were debt-service expenditures caused by irresponsible fiscal policy of the government within the period. The other mandatory expenditures are divided into expenditures arising from other legal regulations, which are negligible, and into expenditures arising from treaties, which are very hard to cut down. The quasi-mandatory expenditures, involing defence spending and wages of employees of the public sector, were analysed in order to build up definition of mandatory expenditures in the broad sense, meaning sum of mandatory and quasi-mandatory expenditures. The last section of practical part of the thesis is devoted to comparing the development of the mandatory expenditures and mandatory expenditures in the broad sense with the development of important macroeconomic indicators, as GDP and inflation and total expenditures and revenues of the government budget. Mandatory expenditures and also mandatory expenditures in broad sense has grown during the whole period, the ratio to public revenues and public expenditures has grown, resulting in decrease of the fiscal democracy of the government and increase of the government debt.
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Aniello, Hélène. "De l'usage du mandat dans le cadre de la famille." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0105.
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Mécanisme de remplacement par excellence, le mandat apparaît comme une technique universellement utilisée. S'il avait déjà pu faire la preuve de son utilité par le passé, le mandat a bénéficié d'une faveur renouvelée ces dernières années, en particulier dans le cadre des relations familiales. Depuis 2001, en effet, des réformes majeures se sont succédé dans de nombreux domaines du droit des personnes et de la famille. Or, ce mouvement de réforme encourage le recours au contrat de mandat pour servir de cadre juridique à une intervention spécifique en vue de gérer les intérêts de la famille. La place ainsi faite au mandat s'inscrit dans une tendance législative de grande ampleur qui tente d'adapter le droit familial à l'évolution de la société. Or, à bien observer le mandat dans la famille, on constate qu'un phénomène d'interaction se produit. D'un côté, si l'on recense les différentes applications du mandat, on s'aperçoit qu'elles ont pour point commun de permettre d'anticiper ou de résoudre les difficultés de gestion du patrimoine de la famille, ou même de la personne de ses membres, pouvant survenir au cours de la vie ou après la mort. Le mandat réalise en quelque sorte la mise en forme juridique des solidarités familiales qui s'expriment à ces occasions. Mais, allant au-delà, il contrarie par sa présence l'ordonnancement habituel des rapports familiaux. D'un autre côté, le contexte dans lequel il intervient - la famille - a des incidences sur le contrat de mandat. Parce qu'il naît alors dans des circonstances tout à fait particulières, il n'est plus strictement régi par les règles qui le gouvernent communément. C'est pourquoi, bien que les mandats familiaux demeurent soumis au droit commun du mandat, ils présentent des particularités notables relativement à leur conclusion, leur exécution, ainsi qu'à leur dénouement. Par conséquent, la présence du lien de famille module le régime ordinaire des droits et obligations résultant du mandatThe power of attorney profited from a renewed favour these last years, in particular within the family relations. Since 2001, indeed, of the major reforms followed one another in many fields of the right of the people and the family. This movement of reform encourages the recourse to the power of attorney to be used as legal framework for specific interventions in order to manage the interests of the family. Place thus made for the power of attorney falls under a legislative trend which tries to adapt the family right to the evolution of the society. However, with observing the power of attorney in the family setting, one notes that a phenomenon of interaction occurs. On a side, the various applications of the power of attorney have as a common point to make it possible to anticipate or solve the difficulties of management of the estate of the family, or even of the person of it members, that can occur during the life or after death. The power of attorney shapes family solidarities which are expressed on these occasions. But, going beyond, it thwarts by its presence the usual scheduling of the family reports. On another side, the context in which it taxes place - the family - affects the power of attorney. Because it is born then in completely particular circumstances, it is not strictly governed by the rules which control it commonly. This is why, although they remain governed by the common right, in the family setting, the powers of attorney present notable characteristics as for their conclusion, their execution, and their outcome. As a consequence, the presence of the family link modulates the ordinary rights and obligations resulting from the power of attorney
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Gilson, Anne. "Mandat et responsabilité civile." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMD002/document.
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A l'époque contemporaine, le mandat est l'objet d'une professionnalisation et d'une diversification. Il est, désormais, au cœur de la vie des affaires : banquiers, commerçants, chef d'entreprise, … l'utilisent afin de dynamiser leurs affaires. Le mandat se présente ainsi comme un contrat conclu principalement dans l'intérêt du mandant.Pourtant, l'étude des liens entre le mandat et la responsabilité civile montre que l'importance du bénéfice retiré par ce personnage est occultée par le danger que représenterait, pour un individu, la gestion de ses affaires par autrui. Concrètement, le droit positif et la doctrine ont tendance à apprécier sévèrement la responsabilité du mandataire, tant à l'égard du mandant qu'à l'égard des tiers. Il existe donc un certain décalage entre l'approche juridique et la réalité pratique du mandat, entre le profit et le risque. Si la première alternative se justifie, la seconde apparaît plus problématique. En effet, au regard de la spécificité altruiste du mandat, l'on pourrait se demander dans quelle mesure le mandant qui tire avantage de l'activité économique de son mandataire peut être tenu pour responsable des dommages éventuellement subis pas les tiersIn modern times, mandate is subject to professionalization and diversification. It is now at the heart of business: bankers, businessmen, entrepreneur, ... use it to boost their business. The mandate presents itself as a contract primarily for the benefit of the principal.However, the study of the relationship between the mandate and liability shows that the importance of the benefit derived by that character is overshadowed by the danger would be for an individual, the management of its affairs by others. Specifically, the positive law and doctrine tend to severely assess the responsibility of the agent, both in respect of principal in respect of third parties. There is therefore a gap between the legal approach and the practical reality of mandate between profit and risk. If the first alternative is justified, the second is more problematic. Indeed, under the altruistic specific mandate, one might ask to what extent the client that takes advantage of the economic activity of the agent can be held liable for any damages suffered not the third party
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Shaw, Noskin Moira Pacifica Parvanih. "Religion, morality, mandates, and conflict exploring the moral mandate effect as a predictor of religious conflict /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Hes, Erik. "Mandatorní výdaje a důchodová reforma v České republice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76142.
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This thesis is devoted to an analysis of mandatory expenditures in the Czech Republic, their evolution, structure and quantification. During the past fifteen years, the mandatory expenditures more than tripled, and cause a serious fiscal problems. The main reason is the huge increase in social sphere expenditures in relation to domestic debt. The main attention is focused mostly on social transfers to the people, especially on pension benefits. Another part provides a description of current pension system and the main causes of the pension reform. It also contains a comparison of two basic ways of financing pensions, PAYG and FF systems. The final part is devoted to evaluation of government proposal for pension reform and its problems that go with it. The analysis is subject to capital system from perspective of profitability and fees at private pension funds.
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Král, Jaroslav. "Vývoj mandatorních výdajů České republiky od vstupu do EU do roku 2014 s důrazem na důchodovou reformu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192770.
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This dissertation work analyzes the structure of mandatory spending in Czech Republic and explores their development since joining the European Union up to year 2014. The work deals with a public sector and with his changes in this period. The main part of the dissertation work analyzes the biggest part of mandatory spending- pension system and its reformation. It tries to clarify, wheather the third pillar of pension system is used for his purpose or for good opportunity to make savings with state support. In this dissertation work is included a part about second pillar of pension system. It analyzes frekvention of using by citizens of Czech Republic and why is it on determinated level. The dissertatoon work analyzes Czech pension funds which deal with both capital pillars. It also includes analyzes of reforms in first pillar - Pay as you go system. It examines oppinions of political parties on changes in pension system and describes their recomendations for future progression of pension system. In the last chapter is analyzed Slovak pension reform, because it was started before Czech reform and it allowes a comparation and edification about some faults.
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Mojžíš, Vít. "Nástroj pro analýzu bezpečnostních politik v SELinux." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-255486.
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Tato práce se zabývá analýzou politik pro bezpečnostní moduly založené na mandatorním řízení přístupu (MAC), se zaměřením na SELinux. Vzhledem k omezeným schopnostem dostupných nástrojů byl navržen a implementován nový nástroj. Jeho hlavní cíle jsou usnadnění vývoje bezpečnostních politik a pomoc při odhadu role SELinuxu v zabezpečení systému. V případě úspěšného nasazení bude nový nástroj začleněn do balíčku nástrojů SETools 4.
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Vincíková, Marcela. "Analýza mandatorních výdajů - invalidní důchody." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-17041.
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The paper is focused on the analysis of mandatory expenditures and mainly on disability pensins. There is also described pension system of the Czech republic. I specify the conditions for granting disability pensions and their amount and progress. I include the employment of disabled persons.
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Mácha, Pavel. "Analýza fiskální politiky v době tzv. "rozpočtové odpovědnosti" a jejich dopadů na oblast sociálního zabezpečení." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-71698.
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The goal of this thesis is focusing on analysis of fiscal arrangements that has been passed by the government in accordance with the public budget stabilization act, which should be proper reaction to improve bad development in public finance of the Czech Republic and in general government debt, which has been mainly caused by increasing of the mandatory social expenditures. After defining the main essence of the public finance theory, the work is focusing on quantify and evaluate the main effects of reform arrangements divided into three main parts, such as effects of taxation, effects of social sphere and effects of the health finance. The period of the concern of this analysis is the year of 2008, first year of reform arrangements validity. After evaluation, the next part of the interest is public deficit and the analysis of general government debt. The main aim is to define what are the basic factors, which affects the ratio of government debt on GDP nominal called as "relative ratio of government debt" The thesis also includes a few calculations of how the relative ratio could be if we change some of factors of determination of the model.
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Moulíková, Lucie. "Analýza mandatorních výdajů se zaměřením na podporu v nezaměstnanosti." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114471.
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This thesis analyzes the development of mandatory expenditures in the Czech Republic, especially unemployment benefits for the years 2010 and 2011. In the first part of the work I analyze in detail the structure of mandatory expenditures and graphically depicts their development until 2010. The second chapter is devoted to the national employment policy and its structure. Detail is characterized by an active employment policy and its instruments. The final chapter is devoted to passive employment policy, development and the amount of unemployment benefits and whether this contribution may discourage work.
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Silva, Daniel Monteiro da. "A??o de impugna??o de mandato eletivo: an?lise constitucional e novas perspectivas." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18302.
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Previous issue date: 2010-12-28Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
This study is developed in setting in which the Federal Constitution of 1988 completed 22 years of validity, as well as in general elections (national and state) in country. From this perspective, there are multiple reflections, especially on the constitutional mechanisms of popular sovereignty consolidation, the integrity and legitimacy of elections and democracy itself. It has appeared timely, therefore, to examine the development of ensured instrument of these precepts. Thus, it is approached as an object of research to Action of Impugnation to the Elective Mandate- AIEM, under Art.14, ? 10 and ? 11 of the Constitution of 1988, considering its constitutional and electoral reasons. It is then aimed to review the second AIEM conceptions of scale, systematic interpretation, preservation of constitutional rights and its effectiveness. Specifically, it is analyzed the Action as to the forms of power that relate to this. then it is examined the democracy principal aspects related to the issue. Without being followed, it is the democratic situation in which it is operated. They are also examined the political rights, especially regarding restraint applied to ineligibility and the possibility of integrating the effects of an impugnatory origin. Following, it has been discussed the formation of an early panorama, consisting of constitutional principles applied to electoral constituencies and eminently procedural principles and, according to which subsidizes the operations of such Action. After that, addressing the Election Law, including its concept, its sources, the Electoral Court and its peculiarities and functions. It is also considered the elective office as to its definition, characteristics and ways of accessing and extinguishing it. Afterwards, the Action of Impugnation is studied from its historical evolution of laws, legal, concept and goals. Expanding on the theme, it s highlighted about their chances of traditional appropriateness (economic power abuse, corruption and fraud) and modern (abuse of economic power intertwined with political) business, including the suggestion of suitability in case of abuse of unique political power. It was also identified the injurious potential demand affecting these illicit to enable the Action. Subsequently, other relevant aspects were explored, such as the legitimacy ad causam, competence, secrecy, procedure, recklessness, bad faith, the purpose of the merits and manageable resources. In the end, it is demonstrated an evolution of AIEM, however, still insufficient to reach full intentions that rise it. It is proposed therefore to re-read the action from news perspectives, based on constitutional and electoral precepts, as well as wider interpretation of the appropriateness of their assumptions of suitability and effects, according to a systematic interpretation, all aimed at the preservation of constitutional rights and their own effectiveness
O presente estudo ? desenvolvido no contexto em que a Constitui??o Federal de 1988 completou 22 anos de vig?ncia e tamb?m no de elei??es gerais (nacional e regionais) no pa?s. Nessa perspectiva, surgem reflex?es v?rias, sobretudo, acerca dos mecanismos constitucionais de consolida??o da soberania popular, da normalidade e legitimidade das elei??es e da pr?pria democracia. Revela-se oportuna, pois, a an?lise do desenvolvimento do instrumento assecurat?rio destes preceitos. Assim, aborda-se como objeto da pesquisa a A??o de Impugna??o de Mandato Eletivo AIME, prevista no art.14?, ?10? e ?11? da Constitui??o Federal de 1988, sob uma an?lise considerando seus fundamentos constitucionais e eleitorais. Objetiva-se, ent?o, analisar a AIME segundo concep??es de amplitude, de interpreta??o sistem?tica, de preserva??o de direitos constitucionais e da sua efetividade. Especificamente, analisa-se a A??o quanto ?s formas de poder que se relacionam com esta. Em seguida, trata-se dos principais aspectos democr?ticos ligados ao tema. Na sequ?ncia, aborda-se a forma??o de um contexto principiol?gico, formado por princ?pios constitucionais aplicados ? seara eleitoral e princ?pios eminentemente processuais eleitorais, segundo o qual subsidia a atua??o da referida A??o. Analisam-se, tamb?m, os direitos pol?ticos, especialmente, quanto ? inelegibilidade cominada e ? possibilidade desta integrar um dos efeitos de proced?ncia da Impugnat?ria. Depois, aborda-se o Direito Eleitoral, incluindo-se o respectivo conceito, suas fontes, a Justi?a Eleitoral e suas peculiaridades e fun??es. Tamb?m ? analisado o Mandato Eletivo quanto ? respectiva defini??o, caracter?sticas e formas de acesso e de extin??o deste. Adiante, a A??o de Impugna??o ? estudada a partir de sua evolu??o hist?rica legislativa, natureza jur?dica, conceito e objetivos. Aprofundando-se no tema disserta-se acerca de suas hip?teses de cabimento tradicionais (abuso de poder econ?mico, corrup??o e fraude) e moderna (abuso de poder econ?mico entrela?ado ao pol?tico), inclusive, a sugest?o de cabimento no caso de abuso de poder pol?tico exclusivo. Identificou-se, ainda, a exig?ncia da potencialidade lesiva destes il?citos para viabilizar a A??o. Posteriormente, outros aspectos relevantes foram explorados, tais como a legitimidade ad causam, compet?ncia, segredo de justi?a, procedimento, temeridade, m?-f?, efeitos da proced?ncia dos pedidos da A??o e os recursos manej?veis. Ao final, demonstra-se uma evolu??o da AIME, por?m, ainda insuficiente ao alcance pleno dos prop?sitos que a originaram. Prop?e-se, portanto, a releitura da a??o sob novas perspectivas, fundadas nos preceitos constitucionais e eleitorais, al?m da interpreta??o ampliada das suas hip?teses de cabimento e efeitos, segundo uma interpreta??o sistem?tica; tudo com vistas ? preserva??o de direitos constitucionais e ? sua pr?pria efetividade
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Kim, Jeongjin. "Mandatory representation designs /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487776210795313.
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Carvalho, André Norberto Carbone de. "A democracia brasileira: uma democracia pelos partidos? Análise da evolução da figura do partido político na democracia praticada no Brasil, sob a égide da constituição federal de 1988." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2012. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1063.
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Previous issue date: 2012-08-09This thesis makes an analysis of the democracy practiced by political parties in Brazil, especially regarding their evolution from the 1988‟s Constitution. The study begins covering the different kinds of state‟s power organization, justifying the origin of democracy. After that, it discusses the beginning of representative government and the reasons for the birth of representative democracy and the democracy through political parties. As a result, this dissertation studies the modern political parties, especially its history, role and legal treatment, culminating with a brief historical analysis of those associations in Brazil. Finally, the work makes a thorough assessment of democracy through political parties in Brazil‟s current political framework. There are, at least, three assumptions that must be observed for the model‟s success: only political parties must present candidates; there must be political party loyalty; and we should have intra-party democracy. It took so long before political parties detain the exclusive prerogative of present candidates, that helped consolidate in Brazilians‟ popular culture the so called personal vote , where voters does not care about political parties, following charismatic leaders, regardless of their political party link. For a long time, candidates have become true masters of their term, which allows them to migrate from one political party to another, without any consequences, disturbing the democracy through political parties. Therefore, the absence of intra-party democracy has contributed to a paradox: the existence of an oligarchy inside the Brazilian‟s democracy. The political party leaders, perpetuated in power, impose, top-down, his favorite names to internal and external elections, not allowing sufficient space for debates, distorting the institution of political representation. The Tribunal Superior Eleitoral Act nº 22.610/2007, which governs the procedure of term loss due to disloyalty to a political party, represented a significant step forward to insure democracy through political parties; however, a number of small issues still wait for resolution, which delays the full implementation of the political party loyalty in Brazil. The intra-party democracy, on the other hand, must be thoroughly regulated by the law. Only after that, we will be able to discuss, with high probability of effectiveness, one policy reform that has as its objective reduce any existent gap between the voter‟s will and the elected one.
A presente dissertação faz uma análise da democracia pelos partidos praticada no Brasil, especialmente quanto à evolução da figura da agremiação partidária a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988. O estudo inicia seu caminho abordando o surgimento e as diferentes maneiras de organização e funcionamento do poder estatal, justificando a explanação sobre a concepção e a origem da democracia. Ato contínuo, trata do surgimento do governo representativo e do respectivo modelo de exercício do poder político, além das razões do nascimento da democracia representativa e das justificativas para a adoção de uma democracia pelos partidos. Na sequência, a dissertação estuda os partidos políticos modernos, especialmente sua trajetória, função e tratamento legal, culminado com a análise de um breve histórico das agremiações no Brasil. Por fim, o trabalho efetua uma avaliação minuciosa da democracia pelos partidos no atual quadro político pátrio, examinando, à luz da realidade, ao menos três pressupostos que devem ser observados para o sucesso do modelo: a reserva do monopólio das candidaturas aos partidos políticos, a fidelidade partidária e a democracia intrapartidária. Conclui-se que os atrasos na adoção do monopólio das candidaturas e da fidelidade partidária contribuíram para consolidar, na cultura popular brasileira, o modelo de atribuição do voto na figura pessoal do candidato, fomentado, também, pela tradição do mandato representativo. Durante muito tempo, os candidatos tornaram-se verdadeiros donos dos mandatos, podendo migrar de uma agremiação a outra sem qualquer consequência, desnaturando o instituto da democracia pelos partidos. Já a ausência de democracia intrapartidária contribuiu para um paradoxo: fomentou a existência de uma oligarquia dentro de uma democracia, já que, no seio dos partidos políticos, os dirigentes partidários, perpetuados no poder, impõem, de cima para baixo, nomes de sua preferência aos cargos internos e eletivos, não permitindo que haja espaço para questionamentos, viciando a vontade popular e desvirtuando o instituto da representação política. A edição da Resolução do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral n° 22.610/2007, que disciplinou o processo de perda de cargo eletivo nos casos de infidelidade partidária, representou um avanço significativo para a democracia pelos partidos, porém, questões que decorrem da Resolução ainda estão sendo solucionadas, o que contribui para a demora na plena efetivação da fidelidade partidária. Quanto à democracia intrapartidária, torna-se vital a edição de normas que tenham como escopo assegurar o funcionamento democrático dos partidos, para que a vontade popular, quando do exercício do voto, não esteja maculada na origem. Dessa forma, presentes tais sustentáculos, teremos condições de discutir, com alta probabilidade de eficácia, uma reforma política que tenha por intuito diminuir eventual distância existente entre a vontade do eleitor e a do eleito.
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Duarte, Luiz Ricardo. "Projetos, corpos e mandatos." Florianópolis, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/100491.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Unversidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia SocialMade available in DSpace on 2013-06-25T19:40:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 310057.pdf: 1098738 bytes, checksum: 884475fff5c9c94776bd14acb02ee367 (MD5)
Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar o mandato policial no Curso de Formação de Soldados da Polícia Militar de Santa Catarina. A pesquisa foi realizada junto à turma 2011-1 do Curso de Formação de Soldados da PMSC, o primeiro grupo a ingressar na corporação com curso de graduação como exigência. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com base em um trabalho de campo que consistiu no acompanhamento de atividades práticas do curso e realização de entrevistas com alunos, instrutores e policiais vinculados à Diretoria de Instrução e Ensino da PMSC. Uma análise sobre o mandato policial ao longo dos anos permitiu verificar acentuadas mudanças naquilo que a Polícia Militar compreendia como sua esfera de atuação e competência, bem como na forma de preparação dos sujeitos policiais. Estes sujeitos, por sua vez, apresentaram uma tendência a buscar na corporação a estabilidade, segurança e possibilidades de carreira que o serviço público pode proporcionar. Para tornarem-se policiais, os sujeitos são submetidos a um rito de passagem que procura fomentar o estabelecimento de uma identidade policial em oposição ao mundo civil. Para esse processo, entretanto, corpos legítimos são selecionados e trabalhados para incorporarem um habitus que ajuda a estruturar as diferenças entre o policial e o não-policial. Durante o rito de passagem, o mandato policial é transversalizado no curso nas variadas atividades desempenhadas pelos alunos, contudo essa transversalização não ocorre de forma homogênea, mas resulta de disputas e compreensões diferenciadas sobre o "lugar" da PMSC e seu mandato. O estudo conclui não haver um entendimento homogêneo entre oficiais e praças sobre qual o mandato da PMSC, mas compreensões diversificadas e disputas pelo mandato "adequado" como capital simbólico, que geram tensões no campo.
This work aims to study the police mandate in the Training Course of Military Police of Santa Catarina's Officers. The study was conducted among the police recruits class of the 2011-1, the first group to join the corporation with university graduation requirement. The study was developed based on fieldwork which consisted in monitoring the training practical activities and interviews with students, teachers and police officers linked to the PMSC Department of Instruction and Education. An analysis of the police mandate over the years has shown marked changes in what the military police understands how its area of expertise and competence, as well as preparation of the subject officers. These subjects, in turn, tended to look at the stability, security and career opportunities that public service can provide. To become officers, subjects undergo a rite of passage that seeks to promote the establishment of a police identity in opposition to the civilian world. For this process, however, legitimate bodies are selected and worked to incorporate a habitus that helps to structure the differences between the police and non-police. During the rite of passage, the police mandate is presented in various activities performed by students during the training, however that does not occur homogeneously, but results of disputes and different understandings about the "place" of the PMSC and its mandate. The study concludes that there is no homogeneous understanding between officers and enlisted personnel on which the mandate of the PMSC, but diverse understandings and disputes on the "appropriate" mandate as symbolic capital, that create tensions in the field.
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León, Vásquez Jorge. "Transfuguismo y Mandato Parlamentario." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119135.
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Charles, GuyLaine. "Mandatory drug testing in employment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24959.pdf.
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Meera, B. M. "Profound management focus - Mandatory necessity." School of Communication & Information, Nanyang Technological University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106401.
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Seamless information and their accessibility in different formats have created a turbulent atmosphere in the ever-changing library and information domain. A multitude of resources, such as information, human, financial and many more, and the need for their management, makes it imperative for advanced training in ‘Management’ as a discipline on a larger scale in LIS programs. In view of the changing paradigms of library and information organizations in the recent past, an attempt is made to frame appropriate course contents with management facets to be included in the 2 years integrated Master’s level programs in India.
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Svobodová, Eva. "Vývoj mandatorních výdajů a reforma veřejných financí." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4470.
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The first part of this thesis is investigating the mandatory expenditures. Mandatory expenditures represent facultative expenditures of the state budget. During ten last years significant increase in mandatory expenditures has been seen not only in absolute numbers but also in relative numbers. The proportion of mandatory expenditures in state budget and GDP has increased. Room for other expenditures is diminishing which is threatening long-term stability of public finance. The Mandatory expenditures have become essential problem of public finance. I pay attention especially to social transfer payments. Next part of this thesis is aimed at social sphere of the public finance reform in which government took up activities last year. First of all the causes of reform are analyzed. Besides mandatory expenditures there is great importance of demographic processes and state deficit too. Thesis describes particular changes in social policy and their impact on state budget.
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Martin, André. "Representação direta voluntária na conclusão de contratos: delineamento histórico e de custos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2132/tde-02042013-112816/.
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Esta dissertação analisa a representação direta voluntária a partir de três âmbitos: (i) histórico, (ii) estrutural e (iii) econômico. O perfil histórico é abordado a partir de uma breve construção historiográfica do desenvolvimento da representação desde o período clássico romano, passando pela Idade Média e suas transmutações, com concessões ao brocardo romano alteri stipulari nemo potest, até a construção proposta pela pandectística germânica na figura de Laband. A construção labandiana, lapidada por Hupka, é analisada, posteriormente, sob a perspectiva civilista atual, retomando algumas propostas do modelo idealizado por Laband-Hupka e algumas críticas a este modelo, trazendo como ponto central a questão da abstração da representação em relação ao contrato de mandato e outras figuras gestórias. A figura representativa é, então, colocada sob análise econômica, sob a lupa da Análise Econômica do Direito. A análise ultrapassa a questão de economia de custos que a representação oferece, e que é de meridiana clareza, para analisar, sob a perspectiva da Teoria de Agência e da Teoria de Custos de Transação, os custos gerados por esta figura na negociação e conclusão de contratosThis dissertation analyzes the direct and voluntary representation from three different scopes: (i) historical, (ii) structural, and (iii) economical. The historic profile is broached from a brief historiographical construction of the development of representation from tha classical Roman period, through the Middle Ages and its transmutations, with concessions made to the Roman maxim alteri stipulari nemo potest, until the construction proposed by German Pandect author, Laband. The Laband construction, improved by Hupka, is analyzed, subsequently, under the present civil perspective, retaking some of the proposals of the model idealized by Laband-Hupka and some criticism to this model, bringing as central point of discussion the abstraction of representations towards the contract of mandate and other management relationships. The representative figure is, then, put under economical analysis, under the magnifying glass of Law and Economics. The analysis exceeds the matter of economy of costs that is offered by representation, and which is rather explicit, to analyze, under the perspective of the Agency Theorie and the Costs of Transaction Theorie, the costs generated by this figure in transaction and closing of contracts
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Kim, Jinhwan. "Mandatory corporate patent disclosures and innovation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123580.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 41-46).
I investigate the effect of corporate patent disclosures on innovation. Using the American Inventor's Protection Act (AIPA) as a plausibly exogenous shock to corporate patent disclosures, I find evidence of the AIPA shaping innovation through two simultaneous channels. First, the AIPA encourages a firm to innovate by facilitating access to the scientific information contained in other firms' patent disclosures. Second, the AIPA discourages a firm from innovating by increasing the risk of leaking business-related strategies through its own patent disclosures. These findings are consistent with the view that corporate patents contain information useful for both science and business, and highlight their respective roles in generating both spillover benefits and proprietary costs of mandating patent disclosures. Finally, using textual analysis, I find that firms with high proprietary costs respond to the AIPA by strategically changing their patent disclosures to obfuscate exploitable business-related signals.
by Jinhwan Kim.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management
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Swartz, Jeannette. "Functional Literacy: Should it be Mandatory?" UNF Digital Commons, 1986. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/682.
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Millions of United States citizens are functionally illiterate. Included are persons who cannot read or write or perform simple arithmetic at all. The reasons for failure of voluntary literacy are reviewed, and consideration given to mandatory literacy as a solution to the problem. The effect of functional illiteracy on the military is examined, as well as the relationship of illiteracy to poverty and crime. A survey of educators reveals an awareness among them of this illiteracy problem, and also reveals that some of these educators favor mandatory literacy. The issue of civil rights in relation to mandatory literacy is discussed, along with the dangers and drawbacks of functional illiteracy. Suggestions are made for initiating a campaign to eradicate functional illiteracy from American society.
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Roberts, Mark Ashley. "Mandatory interpretation for coastal protected areas." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2013. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/mandatory-interpretation-for-coastal-protected-areas(fb29d83e-e88b-4eb5-8237-ed5b08ea9297).html.
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This thesis set out to address conflicts that arise when nature based tourism is present in coastal settings, by seeking to develop a management technique that reduces the negative impacts of tourism. Mandatory interpretation is a term used to describe scenarios whereby visitors are required to partake in an interpretative experience prior to gaining access to an area. This study considers the role and suitability of mandatory interpretation in reducing negative visitor impacts in coastal protected areas. The research aimed to explore mandatory interpretation as a visitor impact management tool, identifying circumstances under which it is appropriate and effective to develop a set of requirements or guidelines for the introduction of mandatory interpretation into the visitor impact management strategy of coastal protected areas. In order to achieve this aim the research was divided into two phases. Three key indicators were used in the assessment of the effectiveness of the mandatory interpretation programme at Hanauma Bay Nature Reserve, Hawai’i, United States of America. By comparing responses to questionnaires from pre- and post- visit samples, this study found that the mandatory interpretation programme added to visitor knowledge of the site and visitors’ intentions to behave in an environmentally appropriate manner. Observation and interviews with management, staff and volunteers added depth of understanding to the results obtained through the questionnaire survey. Furthermore, secondary data, interviews and observations were used to explore and document the mandatory interpretative process at Hanauma Bay Nature Reserve. The results formed the background on which the second phase of research was based. Using the previous findings the second phase of research set out to investigate how, if at all, and under what circumstances mandatory interpretation may be implemented with a multiple access point site. By conducting focus group surveys with resource managers and a visitor questionnaire survey, within Chichester Harbour Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, United Kingdom, this thesis was able explored the appropriateness of mandatory interpretation in the amelioration of on-site visitor impacts. Research identified scope for the inclusion of mandatory interpretation that creates a captive audience, within the visitor impact management plans of coastal protected areas. The results from this study suggest that mandatory interpretation, if carefully designed, is capable of contributing towards reduced visitor impacts through development of knowledge and resulting behavioural intentions. Ultimately, reduced visitor impacts help to conserve the biodiversity values of the coastal protected area. Mandatory interpretation is ideal for coastal protected areas with single access points that suffer significant visitor impacts, and should be based on high quality interpretative media as well as clear and consistent messages. Implementation of mandatory interpretation within multiple access point sites may prove more difficult. However, the research yielded useful results that may help inform managers on how mandatory interpretation may be implemented. Overall, this thesis provides a foundation for additional research into, and a basis on which, mandatory interpretative programmes may be developed. Providing a set of practical implications and generic guidelines for its implementation that includes the conditions under which mandatory interpretation is: (i) appropriate; (ii) effective; and (iii) by developing an appreciation of how best to design, implement and evaluate mandatory interpretive programmes.
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Almeida, Renato Ribeiro de. "Mandato político na origem das inelegibilidades." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2014. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1139.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-10Universidade de São Paulo
This master dissertation aims to systematize and provide discussions on the chances of acquiring ineligibility that follow bad representatives, especially after the introduction or modification of conducts arranged in Complementary Law No. 135/2010, popularly titled lei da ficha limpa amending the Supplementary Law No. 64/1990. It aims to systematize, in a single text, all the situations covered by the new legislation restricting the eligibility of those who are already in the exercise of political elective office, discussing what are the main legal nuances that, while restricting eligibility, concern, in general, the whole Brazilian society. Besides the specific subject of great legal significance which concerns the hypotheses about the acquisition of ineligibility during the period of elective office, this work will hold a debate about the principle of good governance and how it has been dealed by the international doctrine. This principle postulated in the Federal Constitution in Article 37, but also found throughout the constitutional text, argues that public managers, especially those agents with electoral and political mandate, with special emphasis on those dealing with public funds, have, as a functional duty, the obligation of providing proper accountability and transparency in their political- administrative acts featuring what can be named positive provisions of the State.
A presente dissertação de mestrado tem por objetivo sistematizar e estabelecer discussões sobre as hipóteses de aquisição de inelegibilidade a que estão sujeitos os maus mandatários de cargos eletivos, sobretudo após a introdução ou alteração de condutas dispostas na Lei Complementar n° 135/2010, popularmente intitulada Lei da Ficha Limpa, que alterou a Lei Complementar nº 64/1990. Objetiva-se sistematizar, em um único texto, todas as situações previstas pela nova legislação que restrinjam a elegibilidade daqueles que já se encontram no exercício de mandato político-eletivo, discutindo quais são as principais nuances jurídicas que, ao restringir a elegibilidade, atingem, de forma geral, toda a sociedade brasileira. Além da temática específica e de grande relevância jurídica sobre hipóteses de aquisição de inelegibilidade no exercício de mandato eletivo, este trabalho terá como pano de fundo o debate acerca do princípio da boa governança ou good governance, como é tratado pela doutrina internacional. Tal princípio, postulado na Constituição Federal principalmente no artigo 37, mas encontrado também ao longo de todo texto constitucional, dispõe que os gestores públicos, sobretudo os agentes com mandato político-eleitoral, com especial ênfase naqueles que lidam com recursos públicos, possuem, como dever funcional, a devida prestação de contas e a transparência em seus atos político-administrativos, caracterizando, desta forma, o que se pode chamar de uma prestação positiva do Estado.
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Coulon, Bauer Sebastián. "El mandato internacional. Teoría y práctica." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/135604.
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Jaïdi, Amel. "La Grande-Bretagne en Palestine, 1917-1939 : entre pragmatisme et messianisme." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040076.
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C'est une recherche ayant pour objectif d'apporter un nouvel éclairage à l'histoire politique de la Grande-Bretagne en Terre Sainte de 1917 à 1939. Il s'agit d'une étude se situant essentiellement entre l'expansionnisme anglais au Proche-Orient à partir du dix-neuvième siècle, et les manifestations politiques et spirituelles qui l'ont accompagné. En outre, la recherche tend aussi à lever le voile sur certains aspects de la politique impériale anglaise dans cette partie du monde, surtout ceux en rapport avec le manque de cohérence et l'ambiguïté, depuis la publication de la déclaration dite Balfour de novembre 1917, jusqu'au Livre blanc 1939 ou l'on décida à la fin d'abandonner le foyer national juif promis aux sionistes pendant la Première Guerre mondiale.
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Kim, Jamie J. "Should Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation Be Implemented?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/367.
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The accounting profession, particularly the public company auditing profession, has experienced a drastic transformation over the last decade. Following a series of costly accounting scandals that tarnished the profession’s credibility, Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) for more rigorous regulation of public companies and public accounting firms. The new policy changed audit interactions with clients and included a mandate for the periodic rotation of audit partners on audit engagements to increase auditor independence. Currently being debated are further changes that may lead to additional restrictions and more work for auditors and their clients. This thesis explores the issue of auditor independence in the audit process and examines whether the periodic rotation of audit firms should be mandated in the U.S.
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Rao, Vikhyath Jaeger Trent. "Dynamic mandatory access control for multiple stakeholders." [University Park, Pa.] : Pennsylvania State University, 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-3963/index.html.
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Baldauf, Paul D. "Chemical industry security voluntary or mandatory approach?" Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/07Mar%5FBaldauf.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): Thomas J. Mackin, Nadav Morag. "March 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-79). Also available in print.
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Reddy, Srikar Reddy. "Program monitoring in a mandatory-results model." Scholar Commons, 2009. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2161.
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In many real enforcement systems, a security-relevant action must return a result before the application program that invoked that action can continue to execute. However, current models of runtime mechanisms do not capture this requirement on results being returned to application programs; current models are limited to reasoning about policies and enforcement in terms of actions alone, without considering the results of those actions. This thesis presents a more general model of runtime policy enforcement in which all actions return (possibly void- or unit-type) results. This mandatory-results model more accurately reflects the capabilities and limitations of real enforcement mechanisms, particularly those mechanisms that operate by monitoring function/method invocations. We analyze the new model to show that result-returning runtime monitors enforce a strict superset of the safety policies, including some nontrivial liveness policies.
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Gorman, Brian Jacob. "Retaining at-risk undergraduates through mandatory interaction /." View online, 2009. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131566305.pdf.
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MARTINS, THEO COTRIM. "DO MANDATORY DIVIDEND RULES PROTECT MINORITY SHAREDHOLDERS?" PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16280@1.
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Este trabalho mostra que as regras brasileiras de dividendos mínimos fazem
com que a distribuição de proventos no Brasil seja alta relativamente aos Estados
Unidos, apesar da fraca proteção oferecida pela lei das S.A. aos acionistas
minoritários no Brasil. Ainda assim, subterfúgios legais permitem que 42% de
uma ampla amostra de empresas não financeiras com ações listadas na Bovespa
distribuem menos dividendos do que o previsto em estatuto. Tal retenção de
ganhos poderia ser benéfica aos acionistas, visto que garante financiamento a
novos projetos. Entretanto, dados de investimentos das empresas listadas na
Bovespa mostram que este não parece ser o caso: à exceção de períodos com forte
restrição ao crédito, a regra brasileira de dividendos mínimos protege os acionistas
minoritários sem prejudicar a capacidade das firmas financiarem oportunidades de
investimento.This paper shows that Brazil s mandatory dividend rules partly explain why its average dividend yield is higher than in the U.S. And yet, several Brazilian firms bypass the mandatory dividend rules. We show that 42% of a broad sample of nonfinancial firms with shares listed at Bovespa use legal loopholes to pay fewer dividends than the amount that their statutes call for. The data suggest that the main reason for these firms to bypass the dividend rules is not to ensure financing for new projects. Instead, lower dividend payments seem to pave the way for the controlling shareholders to dilute the cash-flow rights of minority shareholders. Thus, short of credit crunch, the Brazilian mandatory dividend rules do protect minority shareholders, without making harder for firms to finance investment opportunities.
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Valenzuela, Saldias Jonatan. "Compatir el mal. Sobre la justificación política del mandato de impedir determinados delitos en el derecho penal español." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/78985.
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La tesis trata sobre la justificación del mandato de impedir determinados delitos contenido en el artículo 450.1 del CP español. Para ello se utiliza una perspectiva de filosofía política. Se propone una justificación general en términos de justicia política para el derecho penal y una teoría especial para la justificación e interpretación del mandato de impedir determinados delitos: la teoría del rescate.The thesis deals the justification for mandate to prevent certain crimes contained in Article 450.1 of the Spanish CP. It uses a perspective of political philosophy. It proposes a general justification in terms of political justice for the criminal law and a special theory for justification and interpretation of the mandate to prevent certain crimes: the theorie of rescue.
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Kabeš, Jiří. "Státní dluh: Mandatorní výdaje." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-2067.
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Tato diplomová práce je rozdělena do 4 hlavních kapitol. První kapitola popisuje teoretický vývoj a náhled na deficitní financování veřejných rozpočtů. Druhá kapitola je zaměřena na popsání vývoje státního dluhu v období 1997-2006. Hlavní část práce je věnována analýze mandatorních výdajů se zaměřením na důchodový systém. V závěrečné kapitole jsou nastíněny možné varianty řešení státního dluhu.
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Holmes, Erin Alison. "Mandatory Disease Notification and Underascertainment: A Geographical Perspective." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1378.
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Mandatory notification of disease forms the backbone of disease surveillance in New Zealand and overseas. Notification data is used by public health professionals and academics to identify cases requiring public health control, monitor disease incidence and distribution, and in epidemiological research. However, there is emerging evidence that notification rates do not accurately reflect the true extent of notifiable diseases within the community, resulting in the underascertainment of many notifiable cases. While adequate surveillance does not necessarily require that all cases of notifiable disease be captured, the systematic underascertainment of disease can have significant implications for perceived spatial and demographic trends in disease prevalence; potentially threatening the credibility of spatial epidemiological research by under or overestimating the burden of disease in different populations. There is evidence that systematic underascertainment occurs as a result of the differential actions of laboratories and general practitioners. It has also been recognised that that underascertainment can be influenced by a patient's willingness to seek medical attention and participate in laboratory tests. However, few studies have investigated whether these factors systematically influence notification either in New Zealand or overseas. Furthermore, the discipline of health geography has been slow to engage with this topic of public health importance, despite the inherently spatial nature of the processes involved, and the close ties to the geographic literature on health service utilization and healthcare provision. This thesis explores the spatial and temporal variation in notification rates in New Zealand for the period 1997-2005 and the potential relationships between notification rates and different variables. Unlike many underascertainment studies, which have used individual data and capture-recapture methods, data constraints inspired a unique ecological approach to investigating the factors which may be associated with notification in New Zealand. Variables were divided into categories based on Anderson's behavioural model for healthcare utilization and the influence of these variables on notification was determined through multiple regression analyses. The main findings of this research indicate that in New Zealand notification rates have increased during the period 1997-2005 and that there is a north-south gradient in notifications, with substantially lower rates in the North Island than in the South Island. Furthermore, it is also evident that the variables associated with notification vary according to disease, spatial aggregation and spatial scale. Notification rates are significantly associated with a range of predisposing and enabling factors which might influence patient choice to consult for many frequently underascertained diseases. More variation in enteric diseases is explained by the independent variables analysed than the variation in non-enteric diseases. However, further research into these relationships, and underascertainment in general, is required before firm conclusions can be drawn.
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Crutcher, Nicole. "Mandatory minimum penalties of imprisonment, an historical analysis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ52344.pdf.
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Christensen, H. B. "Essays on the implications of mandatory IFRS adoption." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496676.
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Bozza, Gabrielle. "Mandatory HIV testing in athletes : defining the issues." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 1997. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/163.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies
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Crutcher, Nicole (Nicole Elizabeth) Carleton University Dissertation Law. "Mandatory minimum penalties of imprisonment; an historical analysis." Ottawa, 2000.
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Ziegler, David Patrick. "Mandatory security and performance of services in Asbestos." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33376.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-66).
This thesis presents the design and implementation for several system services, including network access and database storage, on a new operating system design, Asbestos. Using the security mechanism provided by Asbestos, Asbestos labels, these services are used to support the construction of secure Web applications. The network and database services serve as the foundation for a Web server that supports mandatory security policies, such that even a compromised Web application cannot improperly disclose private data. The methods used in this thesis allow Web application developers to be freed from worries about flawed applications, if developers are willing to place trust in the underlying services used.
by David Patrick Ziegler.
M.Eng.
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Boshnak, H. "Mandatory and voluntary disclosures in GCC listed firms." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2017. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/30789/.
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The aim of this study is to investigate empirically the extent of mandatory disclosure with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) and the level of voluntary disclosure by firms in the Gulf Co-Operation Council (GCC) member states — namely, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) — over the period 2010 to 2013, and to explain why some firms disclose more than others. It aims to investigate the determinants of mandatory disclosure and voluntary disclosure in the annual reports of GCC listed firms. It seeks to assess the relationship between a number of firm-specific characteristics such as corporate characteristics, ownership structure factors, corporate governance factors and cultural factors (manager’s personal characteristics) and the extent of mandatory and voluntary disclosures. In addition, the impact of voluntary disclosure level on mandatory disclosure level, the impact of mandatory disclosure level on voluntary disclosure level and sub-sample country groups. The extent of mandatory disclosure and the level of voluntary disclosure are examined using two different disclosure indices. The former disclosure index contains 325 mandatory disclosure items and the latter disclosure index comprises 129 voluntary disclosure items. The empirical approach is applied to the financial statements of 120 listed firms. Multivariate regression analysis is employed to explore the relationships between the extent of mandatory and voluntary disclosures and firm characteristics of the firms and year dummy variables. The firm characteristics include corporate characteristics, ownership structure factors, corporate governance factors and cultural factors (managers’ personal characteristics). In addition, to the impact of voluntary disclosure level on mandatory disclosure level, the impact of mandatory disclosure level on voluntary disclosure level and sub-sample country groups. The average level of mandatory disclosure requirements with the 24 IFRSs investigated across firms and years was 0.73, with a range from 61% to 87%. The level of mandatory disclosure increased from 0.71 in 2010 to 0.73 in 2013, indicating that the level of mandatory disclosure has been improving in the region over the study period. However, no firm throughout the study period fully satisfied the benchmark index created. The level of mandatory disclosure varies across the GCC listed firms. The highest average mandatory disclosure level for all years was in the UAE (0.77) followed by Qatar (0.76) Kuwait (0.73) Oman (0.71), Saudi Arabia (0.71) and Bahrain (0.69). Several firm characteristics helped to explain the level of mandatory disclosure. The extent of mandatory disclosure increased with firm size, international presence (international listing and international sales), group firms, firm age, the proportion of state share ownership, the degree of board independence, and the education level of the board directors and financial controllers. In addition, the level of mandatory disclosure also varied by industry type. In contrast, the level of mandatory disclosure decreased with profitability, the proportion of institutional share ownership, board size, CEO role duality, and the level of voluntary disclosure. In addition, there were significant differences in the level of mandatory disclosure through time and across country groups. The level of mandatory disclosure is higher in sub-sample country group (grouped by high level of exports). However, liquidity was found not a significant factor in explaining variations in mandatory disclosure levels. The average level of voluntary disclosure, for the GCC listed firms as a whole, across the 13 groups of information categories examined for all years was 0.31; that is, on average firms disclosed 31% of the voluntary disclosure items, with a range from 9% to 68%. The voluntary disclosure mean levels for all years were as follows: Saudi Arabia: 0.45, Oman: 0.36, Bahrain: 0.32, Qatar: 0.32, the UAE: 0.24 and Kuwait: 0.21. The level of voluntary disclosure increased by 1% over the sample period, from 0.31 in 2010 to 0.32 in 2013, indicating that the extent of voluntary disclosure has improved slightly in the GCC listed firms. However, no sample firm fully disclosed the full list of benchmark voluntary information items. The level of voluntary disclosure varies by the type of information, consistent with existing studies. The highest group scores were for general information (0.66), information about directors (0.57), foreign currency information (0.48) and market-based information (0.42), whereas the lowest group scores were for future prospects (0.08), research and development (0.11), employee information (0.18) and social policy and value added information (0.26). The findings show that GCC listed firms disclose significantly more general information, directors’ information, foreign currency information and market information than future prospect information, research and development information, employee and social information. The level of voluntary disclosure increased with firm size, leverage, profitability, the proportion of assets in place, multiple listing status, firm age, the proportion of state share ownership, board size and CEO role duality. In addition, the level of voluntary disclosure also varied by industry type. In contrast, the level of voluntary disclosure was lower for service sector firms, and in relation to the proportion of director ownership, the proportion of family members on the board and the extent of mandatory disclosure. In addition, the level of voluntary disclosure is higher in sub-sample country group (developed stock markets). The results show no significant differences in the level of voluntary disclosure through time. However, liquidity, the proportion of institutional share ownership, and the degree of board independence do not evidence a significant association with the level of voluntary disclosure.
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Prater, Llewellyn Swan. "Mandatory Continuing Education in Nursing: a Texas Perspective." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277673/.
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This study investigated Texas nurses' attitudes toward mandatory continuing education, and their perceptions of skill improvement, knowledge enrichment and improvement of health care to the public as a result of participation in twenty contact hours of continuing education programs as required by the Board of Nurse Examiners for the State of Texas.
This sample of Texas nurses felt that the goals set forth by the Board of Nurse Examiners for the State of Texas had been met by participation in mandatory continuing education. However, given the small return rate, the attitudes of these nurses may not represent the attitudes of the majority of Texas nurses.
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Edmonds, Christopher Thomas. "Market Reactions To Analysts' Forecasts And Mandatory Disclosures." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38615.
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This dissertation investigates the effects of changes in the accounting environment on the capital markets. Included are three manuscripts, each of which, make an important contribution to the accounting literature. The first two manuscripts investigate the impact and importance of analysts' forecasts. The third manuscript documents the impact of eliminating an important accounting disclosure. This dissertation makes the following contributions to the accounting literature. The first manuscript documents that investor skepticism towards meet/beat firms appears to have been a temporary phenomenon and investors have resumed rewarding firms that meet/beat analysts' earnings expectations. Further, the study provides evidence that changes in the analyst forecasting environment also contributed to this temporary decline implying that the scandals did not have as strong of an effect on investors' confidence in earnings as previously believed. The second manuscript contributes to the accounting literature by documenting the importance of meeting/beating cash flow forecasts to participants in the debt markets. Finally, the third manuscript contributes to the existing literature regarding the value relevance of the IFRS -- U.S.GAAP reconciliation by documenting a significant decrease in publicly available information to equity investors at the first reporting period following the SEC's decision to eliminate the reconciliation. All of these manuscripts extend what is currently known about the importance of public disclosures to capital market participants.Ph. D.
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Wronski, Ana Paula Volpato. "Mandado de injunção." Florianópolis, SC, 2000. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/79067.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-17T22:48:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-09-25T17:44:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 174015.pdf: 4012412 bytes, checksum: 9f4f6be85f7b3797436fc51b2c1e0a16 (MD5)
A presente dissertação constitui-se num estudo sobre o mandado de injunção, com enfoque no tratamento que lhe conferem a doutrina brasileira e a jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Tem como objetivo dimensionar a eficácia deste remédio constitucional, abordando sua estrutura normativa e conceitual, os efeitos da decisão nele proferida e as considerações sobre sua capacidade de suprir as omissões do legislador ordinário, que inviabilizam a aplicabilidade dos direitos constitucionalmente previstos. O método de abordagem utilizado é o dedutivo, adotando-se como técnica de pesquisa a análise bibliográfica e documental, caracterizando-se, portanto, como estudo qualitativo. Os resultados apontam para a conclusão de que a ineficácia do mandado de injunção, traduzida por uma cultura jurisprudencial que se sedimenta em sentido diverso daquele declarado na norma, deve-se menos à falta de clareza do texto constitucional do que a uma gama de fatores que intervêm na efetividade da medida e que são enfocados à luz do que se chama, nesta análise, de "constitucionalismo crítico".
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Avila, Caio Marcio de Brito. "Recall - a revogação do mandato político pelos eleitores: uma proposta para o sistema jurídico brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2134/tde-08032010-094820/.
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Trata a presente tese de estudo acerca do instituto denominado recall, existente nos Estados Unidos da América do Norte, que constitui mecanismo que permite a destituição de autoridades públicas e a revogação de decisões judiciais, por meio de decisão popular. O ineditismo da tese decorre do aprofundamento que se fez sobre o tema, bem como da análise minuciosa sobre as condições de aplicação desse instituto no Brasil. Para compreensão integral do objeto em análise, inicialmente, buscou-se compreender o fenômeno da representação política, não só sob o aspecto jurídico-formal como também pelo aspecto histórico, político e social. As teorias acerca da representação política são abordadas dentro de uma perspectiva evolutiva, histórica, desde os seus traços primitivos nas sociedades antigas, passando pelas instruções e mandato imperativo do período medieval, até as concepções de Hobbes, Locke, Burke e Siéyès, não deixando de lado as posições mais modernas e os dilemas existentes sobre o tema. Busca-se também a essência desse mecanismo denominado recall. Para tanto, torna-se obrigatória a passagem pelas suas origens e pela sua configuração jurídica, que se encontra relacionada com o princípio federativo, os sistemas eleitorais, sua caracterização como direito político, instituto de democracia participativa e semidireta, bem como seu caráter sancionador e como forma de expressão da oposição política. Faz-se, além disso, uma análise comparativa do recall no direito contemporâneo. Inicialmente focando o instituto nos Estados Unidos da América do Norte, pelo âmbito de aplicação do instituto na Federação norte-americana, as hipóteses e procedimentos de cada Estado-membro (onde se permite o instituto) e os resultados gerais de sua aplicação. Analisar-se-á, outrossim, institutos semelhantes ao recall existentes em outros sistemas jurídicos. Ao final, será tratada a questão relacionada ao recall e o sistema jurídico brasileiro, apresentando-se a história da revogação do mandato político no país, o panorama jurídico pelo aspecto federativo e dos sistemas eleitorais, bem como as condições para viabilizar a aplicação do instituto no Brasil. Tudo isso, para se demonstrar que o recall deve ser um mecanismo democrático a ser utilizado por eleitores responsáveis contra eleitos irresponsáveis.This dissertation focuses on the mechanism referred to as recall, which exists in the United States of America, and is a mechanism that provides for the removal of public officials and the repeal of judicial decisions by means of public opinion. The originality of this dissertation arises out of the further understanding of the subject, as well as of the thorough analysis of the conditions under which such mechanism could be applied in Brazil. In order to fully understand the analyzed object, it was first necessary to understand the phenomenon of political representation, not only from the formal-legal aspect, but also from the historical, political and social perspectives. The theories on political representation are approached from a historical-developing standpoint, from its primitive traces in ancient societies, to the medieval instruments and imperative mandate, to the ideas of Hobbes, Locke, Burke and Siéyès, in addition to the more modern schools of thought and existing dilemmas on the subject-matter. The dissertation also focuses on the essence of the recall mechanism. In order to do so, it was necessary to examine its origins and its legal configuration, which has to do with the federative principle, the electoral systems, its characterization as public law, participatory and semi-direct democracy, as well as its sanctioning ability and political opposition form of expression. Furthermore, the comparative analysis of recall in contemporary law is also carried out. The assessment is initially focused on the mechanism in the United States of America, as per its application in the North American Federation, the hypotheses and procedures of each Member-State (in which the mechanism is provided for) and the general results of its application. Moreover, similar mechanisms available in other legal systems are also analyzed. Finally, the issue of the recall mechanism and the Brazilian legal system is assessed, through the history of the repeal of political mandates in the country, its legal framework on the federative aspect and the electoral systems, as well as the conditions necessary in order to render the application of the recall mechanism in Brazil feasible. The objective is to demonstrate that the recall mechanism should be a democratic mechanism to be used by responsible voters against irresponsible elected officials.
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Sklarsky, Joshua (Joshua Lee). "Dual mandates or dueling mandates : federal energy efficiency programs and the Recovery Act." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59772.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-40).
In February 2009, President Barack Obama signed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) into law, providing billions of dollars in funding for federal energy efficiency programs. ARRA represented different things to different people and the programs it funds are being used to accomplish more than just the economic stimulus and job creation goals that led to its signing. The Obama Administration has embarked on a journey to develop a self-sustaining energy efficiency retrofit market. Doing so will require more than meeting the quantitative goals of current federal energy efficiency programs. Overcoming the barriers of implementing large-scale programs run by the federal government will not necessarily abolish the barriers to scaling up a private sector market for energy efficiency. The current wave of investment in energy efficiency can be viewed as an opportunity to learn about how and why we are succeeding in some places and not in others, so as to better inform the design of future programs and policies.
by Joshua Sklarsky.
M.C.P.
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Gamboa, Sanchez Gabriela. "El mandato libre en el ejercicio legislativo mexicano." Tesis de maestría, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/104433.
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PRIMERA. En México el poder legislativo tanto federal, así como los diversos parlamentos estatales, estuvieron durante largo tiempo con poca relevancia, derivado de la existencia de un presidencialismo exacerbado.
SEGUNDA. La transición hacia la democracia en el país permitió que los órganos legislativos se fueran pluralizando y con la presencia de gobiernos divididos y yuxtapuestos debieron crearse nuevos esquemas de colaboración.
TERCERA. Diversos mecanismos intrapartidarios, así como usos y costumbres dentro de los parlamentosLa presente investigación tiene por objetivo general examinar la actuación de los diputados en su función legislativa, para valorar la utilidad del libre ejercicio del voto y con ello, determinar la idoneidad de que sea la voluntad del ciudadano la que prevalezca en las legislaturas, para establecer si es necesario la modificación de la normatividad para lograr este propósito. El documento se divide en tres capítulos, en el primero se disgrega los principales elementos conceptuales, en el segundo se realiza un análisis de la situación específica de la Cámara de Diputados del Estado de México, en especial la LVII, LVIII y LIX Legislatura, resaltando su actuar en la representación de la voluntad popular al momento de ejercer su función legislativa. En el capítulo tres se hace una valoración de los elementos analizados para reconocer la conveniencia o no de que la voluntad popular guíe el actuar de los diputados. Finalmente, el documento destaca la importancia del diseño del sistema político democrático mexicano y mexiquense para generar y ejercer la voluntad ciudadana en las legislaturas, reconociendo la importancia de que el ciudadano sea escuchado, atendido y sus principales necesidades resueltas en coparticipación con sus representantes, reconociendo los límites naturales y materiales de la voluntad ciudadana.
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Valdivia, Dextre Pedro Abraham. "Mandato y poder en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1265.
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En el primer capítulo están los aspectos generales, metodológicos, las líneas de investigación, y precisión temática.
El aspecto histórico, es abordado con detalle en el segundo capítulo, y teniendo en cuenta la riqueza de las correspondientes fuentes primigenias del derecho occidental, específicamente el Derecho Romano, además de los grandes juristas como Bartolo, Pothier, y Savigny. El autor hace una introducción histórica del derecho comparado.
Analiza en un tercer capítulo las diversas posiciones doctrinarias que sustentan la naturaleza jurídica de la Representación y el Mandato, haciendo mención tanto a la doctrina comparada, como a la nacional.
Es el Cuarto capítulo que sienta las bases ontológicas de las dos posiciones de mayor trascendencia del Derecho.
El capítulo quinto, dedicado a los tratados, y convenciones, el funcionamiento de los mismos en relación al tema abordado, haciendo el autor referencia de lo complejo que es el mundo, visto desde una perspectiva jurídica. Nos hace interesante referencia de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, y de la FIFA, alcanzando incluso información de los proyectos legislativos de las uniones de naciones, novísimos.
La Representación con todo lo novedoso, y la dificultad que encontraron los primeros juristas que abordaron el tema, es tratado en el capítulo sexto, que resulta de singular importancia, porque además de desarrollar las diferencias con otras figuras jurídicas, permite encontrar una identidad propia de esta figura de singular importancia en el mundo moderno (...).--- In the first chapter there are the general, methodological aspects, the lines of investigation and thematic precision. The historical aspect is addressed in detail in the Chapter Second, and taking into account the wealth of the corresponding original sources of Western law, specifically the Roman law, in addition to the big lawyers like Bartolo, Pothier, and Savigny. The author does a historical introduction of the comparative law. In Chapter Third analyzes the diverse doctrinaire positions that sustain the juridical nature of Representation and Mandate, mentioning so much to the compared doctrine, as to the national. The Chapter Fifth, dedicated to the agreements, and conventions, the functioning of the same ones as regards the tackled topic, doing the author indexes of how complex there is the world seen from a juridical perspective. It does to us interesting reference of the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, and of the FIFA, reaching even information of the legislative projects of the unions of nations, the newest. Representation with everything new, and the difficulty encountered by the early jurists who addressed the topic is discussed in Chapter Six, which is of particular importance, because in addition to developing differences with other legal, can find its own identity this figure of singular importance in the modern world.
In the first chapter there are the general, methodological aspects, the lines of investigation and thematic precision. The historical aspect is addressed in detail in the Chapter Second, and taking into account the wealth of the corresponding original sources of Western law, specifically the Roman law, in addition to the big lawyers like Bartolo, Pothier, and Savigny. The author does a historical introduction of the comparative law. In Chapter Third analyzes the diverse doctrinaire positions that sustain the juridical nature of Representation and Mandate, mentioning so much to the compared doctrine, as to the national. It is the Fourth Chapter that lays the ontological bases of two most significant positions of law. The Chapter Fifth, dedicated to the agreements, and conventions, the functioning of the same ones as regards the tackled topic, doing the author indexes of how complex there is the world seen from a juridical perspective. It does to us interesting reference of the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, and of the FIFA, reaching even information of the legislative projects of the unions of nations, the newest.
Tesis
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Pousada, Estevan Lo Ré. "Aspectos de uma tradição jurídica romano-peninsular: delineamentos sobre a história do mandato no direito luso-brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2131/tde-31082010-084341/.
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Questo studio si riferisce alle fonti primarie del mandato luso-brasiliano\". Affinché l\'operazione avesse successo, sembrava indispensabile al ricercatore svolgere un lavoro preparatorio d\'indagine, impegnato in una prospettiva d\'approccio panoramico del rapporto mantenuto tra gli istituti della \"procurazione\", del \"mandato\" e della \"rappresentanza\" sotto la prospettiva di una storiografia generale. Attento di questo obiettivo, questo sforzo si è basato su un approccio incentrato su quattro contesti fondamentali: a) il diritto romano (che elenca la \"procuratio\", il mandatum\" e una efficacia rappresentativa diretta eccezionale), b) il diritto canonico (associato con lo sviluppo della rappresentanza diretta), c) pratiche notariali relativi al diritto comune; e d) l\'influenza illuminista (vettore considerato indispensábile all \"essenzializzazione\" della rappresentanza nel contesto del contratto di mandato). Poi si passa al confronto diretto delle fonti primarie del diritto luso-brasiliano. A questo punto, iniziasi lo studio con la ricerca tra le fonti dei visigóti (Código de Eurico, \"Lex Romana Visigothorum\", Código Revisto de Leovigildo e Liber Iudiciorum\"). Si passa quindi alle fonti castigliane del diritto giustinianeo: siano di origine dottrinale (\"Flores de Derecho\", \"Dotrinal\" e \"Los Noue Tienpos Delos Pleytos\"), siano di origine legislativa (\"Fuero Real\", \"Espéculo\" e \"Siete Partidas\"). Dopo, sono esaminate le fonti medievali (\"Livro das Leis e Posturas\" e \"Ordenações de D. Duarte\") e moderne del diritto lusitano rappresentate nelle successive \"Ordenações do Reino de Portugal\". Anche durante il periodo luso-brasiliano, abbiamo studiato l\'ascesa e il declino del diritto di Giustiniano in Portogallo ed in particolare l\'influsso della Riforma Pombalina nell\'applicazione e nel\'insegnamento del diritto. Sotto una prospettiva soltanto portoghesa, il mandato è studiato in ordine cronologico fra i codici del diciannovésimo secolo: il Código Civil del 1867 e le codificazioni commerciali di 1888 e 1833. Poi, discutiamo \"la svolta\" sistematica intrapresa dal Código Civil del 1966. Il lavoro si chiude con uno studio su questo tema alla luce delle fonti genuinamente nazionali: il Código Comercial (1850); a \"Consolidação das Leis Civis\" e i \"Códigos Civis\" di 1916 e 2002. Intervallato, surge ancora un approccio dei principali progetti che hanno risultato in questi ultimi due diplome. Lo studio è chiuso con una conclusione e la divulgazione al pubblico di un estratto del \"Anteprojeto de Parte Geral do Código Civil\" (1970), di José Carlos Moreira Alves.Este estudo se volta às fontes primárias do mandato luso-brasileiro. Para que a tarefa se mostrasse bem-sucedida, pareceu indispensável ao pesquisador a realização de um esforço investigativo preparatório, comprometido com uma abordagem panorâmica da relação mantida entre os institutos da procuração, do mandato e da representação sob a perspectiva de uma historiografia geral. Atento a tal objetivo, este esforço assentou em uma abordagem voltada a quatro contextos fundamentais: a) o direito romano (em que se destacam a procuratio, o mandatum e uma eficácia representativa direta excepcional); b) o direito canônico (associado ao desenvolvimento da representação direta); c) a praxe notarial relacionada ao direito comum; e d) o influxo iluminista (considerado vetor indispensável à essencialização da representação no contexto do contrato de mandato). Em seguida, passa-se ao confronto direto das fontes primárias do direito luso-brasileiro. Neste ponto, inicia-se o estudo pela investigação em meio às fontes do direito visigótico (Código de Eurico, Lex Romana Visigothorum, Código Revisto de Leovigildo e Liber Iudiciorum). Em seguida, passa-se às fontes castelhanas do direito justinianeu: sejam de viés doutrinário (Flores de Derecho, Dotrinal e Los Noue Tienpos Delos Pleytos); sejam de origem legislativa (Fuero Real, Espéculo e Siete Partidas). Após, aborda-se o tema junto às fontes medievais (Livro das Leis e Posturas e Ordenações de D. Duarte) e modernas do direito lusitano estas representadas pelas sucessivas Ordenações do Reino de Portugal. Ainda durante o período luso-brasileiro, é investigada a ascensão e o declínio do direito justinianeu em Portugal e neste particular o impacto das Reformas Pombalinas da aplicação e do ensino do direito. Já sob a perspectiva exclusivamente portuguesa, o mandato é estudado cronologicamente em meio às codificações do século XIX: o Código Civil de 1867 e as codificações comerciais de 1833 e 1888. Em seguida, é abordada a viragem sistemática empreendida pelo Código Civil de 1966. O trabalho se encerra com um estudo sobre o tema à luz das fontes genuinamente nacionais: o Código Comercial (1850); a Consolidação das Leis Civis; e os Códigos Civis de 1916 e 2002. Entremeada, exsurge ainda uma abordagem dos principais Anteprojetos que redundaram nestes dois últimos diplomas. O estudo é encerrado por uma conclusão e pela divulgação a público de excerto do Anteprojeto de Parte Geral do Código Civil (1970), da autoria de José Carlos Moreira Alves.