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1
Kaur, N. P., and V. K. Nayyar. "Some Physiological Studies on Rice Grown on Manganese-Deficient Soil." International Rice Research Newsletter 11, no. 1 (1986): 29–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7100152.
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This article 'Some Physiological Studies on Rice Grown on Manganese-Deficient Soil' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.
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Smiley, E. Thomas, J. James Kielbaso, and Phu Nguyen. "Soil Factors Associated with Manganese Deficiency of Urban Sugar and Red Maples." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 12, no. 7 (1986): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1986.036.
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Manganese deficient and healthy Acer saccharum and Acer rubrum were sampled for foliar nutrient concentration and rated for chlorosis. Soil beneath trees was analyzed for pH, organic matter content, oxidation reduction potential, texture, calcium carbonate accumulation, and extractable manganese. Soil pH and summer rainfall were most strongly correlated with foliar manganese concentration and symptoms. Soil redox potential, organic matter, and extractable manganese were less strongly correlated.
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Rahman, Muhammad Sajidur, Sirajul Hoque, M. Jahiruddin, and Mohammad Sabbir Hossen. "Influence of land type and cropping on the distribution of micronutrients in Ganges river floodplain soils of Bangladesh." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 32, no. 1 (2023): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v32i1.64194.
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The soils of Ganges River Floodplain (GRFP), an important crop growing zone of the country, are known to be widely deficient in micronutrients. The study was conducted to relate the distribution and the fate of soil micronutrients in relation to land type, soil properties and cropping practices in GRFP.A total of 52 locations were selected for sample collection from across GRFP, varied in land type, soil series and cropping pattern, and analysed for DTPA extractable iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and hot water soluble boron (B). Most of the samples were found deficient in Zn and B, while a moderate number of samples were Fedeficient. The major reason of micronutrient deficiency was found to be high soil pH. Among the four soil series studied, Ghior series was most deficient in Zn and B, implying pedogenic differences among the soils. Significant effect of contrasting land types on the distribution of soil micronutrients was observed although the effect was not consistent. The rice-rice cropping pattern was found to have slightly higher contents of Mn, Zn and B compared to rice-non-rice pattern which might be due to longer submergence period in the soils under rice-rice pattern. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 32(1): 91-105, 2023 (January)
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Rashed, MH, TS Hoque, MMR Jahangir, and MA Hashem. "Manganese as a Micronutrient in Agriculture: Crop Requirement and Management." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 12, no. 1-2 (2021): 225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v12i1-2.52040.
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Manganese (Mn) as an essential plant micronutrient affects plant development, when at deficient or toxic levels. Manganese is used in several biological processes as an important contributor in plant growth and development. Manganese uptake depends on forms of Mn in soil solution, crop characteristics including growth rate, and ineteractions with other environmental factors. Its distribution in soils and requirement for crops vary from location to location, depending on soil type and reactions. Despite the metabolic roles of Mn in different plant cell compartments, the importance of Mn requirement in plants, distribution in soils and application to crops has been understated. As a micronutrient, judicious Mn management requires to critically evaluating its concentration in soils, biochemical functions, critical levels, soil availability and interactions with other nutrient elements is essential. This review has critically analysed the existing body of knowledge on Mn distribution in soils, dynamics, functions and management towards better crop production and safe environment.
 Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 12(1&2): 225-242, 2019
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NEILSEN, D., P. B. Hoyt, B. G. DROUGHT, and G. H. NEILSEN. "MANGANESE SOIL TESTS FOR BOTH DEFICIENT AND TOXIC LEVELS IN APPLE ORCHARDS." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 70, no. 3 (1990): 503–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss90-050.
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Soil pH and Mn extracted by 1.0 M NH4OAc (pH 7.0), 0.02 M CaCl2, 0.25 M MgCl2, 0.03 M H3PO4, DTPA and HF/HC1 (total Mn) from two soil depths (0–15 cm, 15–30 cm) were compared to leaf Mn concentrations of Delicious apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh) from 34 Okanagan Valley orchards. Leaf Mn concentrations ranged from deficient (below 25 μg g−1) to toxic (above 60 μg g−1). For all orchards (pH 3.5–8.4), leaf Mn concentration varied directly with soil Mn extracted from 15–30 cm depth by all extractants except HF/HCl (total Mn) and 0.03 M H3PO4, and inversely with pH at both depths. For soils with pH > 6.5, DTPA and 0.25 M MgCl2 extractable soil Mn (15–30 cm depth) was most closely related to leaf Mn concentration, whereas for soils with pH < 6.5, pH (15–30 cm depth) was the best indicator of Mn availability. Thus soil tests for Mn availability to apple trees may not perform equally well in toxic and deficient situations. Key words: Manganese, soil test, apple trees, Malus domestica Borkh
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Kabber, Avinash, K. S. Anil Kumar, and Altaf Kuntoji. "Soil Fertility Status of Major Coconut Growing Soils of Tumkur District, Karnataka, India." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, no. 5 (2024): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i54519.
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A study was conducted to assess the soil fertility status of major coconut growing soils of Tumkur district of Karnataka with soil pedon locations being Turuvekere and Gubbi. The results revealed that soils of the study area were slightly to strongly alkaline in reaction and non-saline in nature. The organic carbon content was varying from low to high and it followed decreasing trend with soil depth in both soil profiles (Turuvekere and Gubbi). The clay distribution, cation exchange capacity and base saturation of the soils varied from 17.83 to 60.37 per cent, 8.71 to 28.86 cmol (p+) kg-1 and 75.53 to 93.42 per cent, respectively. The macronutrient status of the soil samples indicated that the available nitrogen and phosphorus varied from low to medium, and available potassium content was varying from low to high. Analysis of secondary nutrients showed that exchangeable calcium and magnesium were found to be sufficient but available sulphur was varying from deficient to sufficient level in these soils. The DTPA extractable micronutrients viz., iron, manganese, zinc and boron were found to be deficient in entire study area where as copper was varying from deficient to adequate level with surface soil having relatively high copper content than subsurface soil.
7
Takkar, P. N., V. K. Nayyar, and U. S. Sadana. "Response of Wheat on Coarse Textured Soils to Mode and Time of Manganese Application." Experimental Agriculture 22, no. 2 (1986): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700014228.
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SUMMARYTwo field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of rate, mode and time of application of manganese sulphate to irrigated wheat on manganese-deficient loamy sand (Ustipsamments) soils recently brought under rice. A significant increase in manganese uptake by wheat and marked increases in wheat grain and straw yields occurred following both soil (5, 10 and 20 kg Mn ha-1) and foliar (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% MnSO4 solution) application of manganese, but foliar application was more effective. A series of sprays initiated before the wheat was first irrigated (26 days after sowing) gave significantly better results than application begun after the first irrigation (32 days after sowing); four sprays of 0.5% MnSO4 solution produced the largest grain yield, followed by three of a 1% solution.
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Daniel Mezack Andrew, Adebowale Lateef Adewale, Habibu Aminu, and Saminu Hamisu Aliyu. "Evaluation of micronutrient status of unburnt and burnt coffee plantation in Ibadan." Global Journal of Research in Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (2022): 022–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.58175/gjrst.2022.1.1.0015.
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The micronutrient status of the soils and leaf of unburnt and burnt plots of coffee plantation to study the soil-plant micronutrient content relationship in the coffee plantation soil for proper management towards optimum production of the crop was investigated at Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from the burnt and unburnt plots in the coffee plantation at 3 depth of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm were bulked into composite samples. Leaf samples of burnt and unburnt plots were collected at the same plantation soil pit for both locations.The soil samples were analyzed for the micronutrients manganese(Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) and in addition pH and organic carbon, while the leaves were analyzed for only the micronutrient contents. Results obtained from the unburnt and burnt plots indicated that the organic carbon content of the soil was low and the soil is deficient in Cu and Zn but very in Mn and Fe content. The micronutrient content of the leaves was deficient in Mn, Cu, and Zn but high in Fe. This probably resulted in nutrient imbalance in the soils and the deficiency of the nutrients in the crops. Soil and leaf micronutrient concentration were found insufficient for coffee plantation in the study area. The plantations therefore require application of organic manures and micronutrient fertilizers to rectify the inadequate soil organic matter and to supply sufficient amount of Cu and Zn in the soils, to obtain quality berry yield at optimum level from the plantation.
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Wilhelm, NS, RD Graham, and AD Rovira. "Application of different sources of manganese sulfate decreases take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) of wheat grown in a manganese deficient soi." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 1 (1988): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9880001.
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Two experiments tested the effectiveness of manganese (Mn) decreasing take-all of wheat. The first experiment was conducted under controlled environmental conditions. Mn sulfate was mixed through the soil at sowing or 2 weeks before, or applied to the seed or leaves, and manganese dioxide (MnO2) was mixed through the soil at sowing or 2 weeks before. Mixing manganese sulfate (MnSO4) through the soil was the most effective treatment at decreasing take-all, followed by seed applied Mn. MnO2 and foliar applied Mn had little effect on take-all. All Mn treatments, except foliar Mn, completely eliminated Mn deficiency in the plants. In the second experiment, which was conducted in the field at a Mn deficient site, Mn sulfate and MnO2 were applied to the soil at sowing. MnSO4 decreased take-all and increased grain yields in take-all inoculated plots nearly threefold, but increased yields only slightly in uninoculated plots. MnO2 was not effective in decreasing take-all or increasing grain yield. This is the first report of take-all infection being suppressed by MnSO4in the field. The results of these experiments support the hypothesis that Mn may be acting through the physiology of the wheat plant to decrease take-all.
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D, DURGA DEVI, SRINIVASAN P.S, and BALAKRISHNAN K. "EFFECT OF ZINC, IRON AND MANGANESE ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SWEET ORANGE CV. SATHGUDI." Madras Agricultural Journal 84, Augest (1997): 460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00895.
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An experiment was undertaken during 1993-94 in six years old micronutrient deficient chlorotic sweet orange ev. Sathgudi trees to find out the effect of soil, foliar and soil + foliar application of zinc sulphate, ferrous sulphate and manganese sulphate on yield and quality of fruits. The study revealed that the soil application of 50g/plant each of zinc sulphate, ferrous sulphate and manganese sulphate combined with foliar sprays of 0.5 per cent each of the above nutrients resulted in increased fruit yield, TSS, total sugars. ascorbic acid, juice content. reduced peel content, rind thickness and acidity.
11
Li, Z., R. G. McLaren, and A. K. Metherell. "Fractionation of cobalt and manganese in New Zealand soils." Soil Research 39, no. 5 (2001): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr00081.
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Many New Zealand soils are known to produce pastures deficient in cobalt (Co) for grazing ruminants; however, the development of an effective soil diagnostic test for Co is hindered by the lack of knowledge of the forms and distribution of Co in New Zealand soils. A sequential fractionation technique was used to determine the forms and concentrations of native and/or fertiliser derived soil Co in 18 New Zealand grassland topsoils, and the distribution and interrelationships of Co between fractions compared with those for manganese (Mn). Previous studies in other countries have indicated a strong association between Co and Mn in soils. For both Co and Mn, very small proportions were present in soluble and exchangeable forms, and the highest proportions of Co and Mn (mean 45.8% and 35.8%, respectively) were found in the residual fraction. However, there was little similarity overall in the distribution of Co and Mn between fractions. Multiple regression models, and the presence of substantial amounts of Co and Mn in iron (Fe) oxide fractions, indicate that the Fe content of the soil is much more important than Mn in influencing the distribution of Co in the soils. Exchangeable Co and Mn also appear highly sensitive to soil pH. Soil organic matter did not appear to have a major effect on the distribution of Co in soils, apart from Pumice Soils that have low concentrations of Fe and Mn.
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Saborío-Montero, Alejandro, Osvaldo Marín-Taylor, Randall Arguedas-Sánchez, and Sinaí Ramírez-Fallas. "Soil chemical fertility in dairy farms of the Guanacaste volcanic mountain range, Costa Rica." UNED Research Journal 7, no. 2 (2015): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/urj.v7i2.1140.
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The aim of this research was to determine the fertility of soils of dairy farms at four zones of the Guanacaste volcanic mountain range. The study was conducted during a two-year period (2009-2010) in farms of Guayabo (Bagaces) and Nubes, San Ramón and Florida (Quebrada Grande, Tilarán). A total of 40 soil samples were collected, each one was composed by 20 sub- samples. The results revealed that soil pH in Guayabo tended to be lower (p=0.0539) than in Nubes, San Ramón and Florida. Guayabo soils showed higher concentrations (p<0.01) of magnesium (Mg), cupper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) than the soils of the three zones of Tilarán. The soils of Guayabo and San Ramón showed higher values of effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) (p<0.01) than Nubes and Florida soils. According to the general critical levels for the extracting solution used, none of the soils of the analyzed zones reach a pH higher than 5.5, the Tilarán and Guayabo soils were deficient in Mg and P respectively and no zone was deficient in Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn. These results revealed that the soils of all the zones had some mineral deficiency and low values of pH, therefore fertilizers and amendments should be applied according to nutritional needs of each farm. Adequate soil nutrition could improve productivity of forage and allowed a higher animal charge capacity per unit of area.
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Holford, ICR. "Effects of lime on yields and phosphate uptake by clover in relation to changes in soil phosphate and related characteristics." Soil Research 23, no. 1 (1985): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9850075.
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In a glasshouse experiment on 15 acid soils from north-eastern New South Wales, lime was applied in factorial combination with phosphate to determine their effects and interactions on the yield and phosphorus uptake of white clover. Phosphate caused significant yield responses on all but one soil. The higher rate of lime increased the uptake of soil phosphate, but decreased the apparent uptake of fertilizer phosphate from most soils. These effects were generally consistent with lime-induced increases in phosphate concentration in the soil solution, exchangeable phosphate and buffer capacity. The effects of lime on yields and phosphorus uptake by clover on the 14 phosphate-deficient soils suggest that responses to lime will depend on whether the soils are high in manganese or toxic in aluminium. Where clover contained > 110 ppm manganese, lime increased yields only in the absence of applied phosphate (negative interactions). Where clover contained toxic levels of aluminium, lime increased yields only in the presence of phosphate (positive interaction). In the former soils, lime increased the levels of exchangeable phosphate, phosphate concentration in solution, and uptake of soil phosphate, but generally depressed the uptake of fertilizer phosphate. In the aluminium toxic soil, lime greatly decreased the levels of exchangeable phosphate and buffer capacity, and increased the uptake of fertilizer phosphate but not of soil phosphate.
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Hodge, TJV, and DC Lewis. "A description of acid soils and the relationships between properties of acid soils and the nutrient status of grazed pastures in the southeast of South Australia." Soil Research 27, no. 1 (1989): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9890149.
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Areas of low soil pH in the south-east of South Australia were delineated by using previously submitted soil samples and soil association maps. A survey was then undertaken in the major soil associations to determine the severity and characteristics of highly acid soils. The acid soil types identified were a siliceous sand over clay (Db/Dy) and a siliceous sand over organic matter/sesquioxide pan (Uc). The top 2.5 cm of both soil types was significantly less acid than the remaining portion of the A horizon, with pH decreasing rapidly with depth until the B horizon, where a substantial soil pH increase occurred. As soil pH (0.01 M CaCl2) decreased below 4.5, extractable soil aluminium (0.01 M CaCl2) increased rapidly, to a maximum extractable concentration of 17 �g g-l. These soil types were also found to be deficient in both phosphorus and potassium, with 65% of the sites having extractable phosphorus concentrations below the critical value of 20 �g g-1 and 35% below the critical value for extractable potassium of 80 �g g-l. For subterranean clover, significant positive correlations were observed between soil pH and plant calcium and sulfur, and between extractable soil aluminium and plant aluminium. Significant negative correlations were observed between soil pH and plant manganese and between extractable soil aluminium and plant calcium and magnesium. For ryegrass, significant positive correlations were observed between extractable soil aluminium and plant aluminium and manganese. Significant negative correlations were observed between soil pH and plant manganese and between extractable soil aluminium and plant calcium. No other significant correlations were obtained. The results are discussed in relation to further acidification and management of these acid siliceous sands.
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Bano, Syeda, and Anima S. Dadhich. "EVALUATION OF MICRONUTRIENT STATUS WITH PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME AGRICULTURAL SOILS OF SELECTED AREAS OF PENDURTHI MANDAL, VISAKHAPATNAM DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH." RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry 15, no. 02 (2022): 1557–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/rjc.2021.1526879.
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Soil Sustainability is influenced by different soil parameters among which soil pH and Micronutrients are considered to be very important. The study was conducted in Cheemalapalli village in Pendurthi Mandal of Vishakapatnam district to establish a relationship between Boron, Iron, Manganese, Zinc, and Copper and soil pH. Almost 15 fields were selected from which samples were collected from different points at approximately 15 cm depth and were analyzed by standard methods. This process of sample collection and analysis was done for two consecutive years. The results revealed that maintaining of most favourable pH conditions is the major thing to deal with. The Soil samples were sandy textured with pH ranging from 7.0 – 8.3, and electrical conductivity ranging from 0.0–0.44 dsm1 , showing that the soil samples were non-saline. SOM ranged from 1.034 to 2.758 these values show that the soils have a medium amount of SOM. The available micronutrient values show that copper, iron, and zinc were sufficient to high in concentration, and manganese was deficient in a few areas and sufficient in a few areas. Available boron was found to be insufficient in a few areas and high in a few areas.
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Palani Renuka K, Yogesh Kumar, S. P. Shahi, Satendra Kumar, and Charankumar G R. "Assessment of Soil Fertility Status of the Soils of KVK -Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, no. 5 (2024): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i54529.
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The present study was undertaken to assess the soil fertility status of the soils of KVK Muzaffarnagar. Soil samples were collected from two depths viz., 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm and analysed for various soil properties. Results revealed that soils were sandy loam in texture, neutral to slightly alkaline in reaction, non-saline and low in soil organic carbon content. Mean values of CEC, SOC, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and available sulphur were 11.22 and 9.62 C mol (p+) kg-1, 0.17 and 0.13 g kg-1, 260.16 and 208.14 kg ha-1, 30.86 and 27.30 kg ha-1, 100.94 and 107.89 kg ha-1 and 13.51 and 12.84 kg ha-1 recorded at 0-15cm and 15-30 cm depth, respectively. The mean of DTPA extractable zinc, DTPA extractable iron, DTPA extractable manganese and DTPA extractable copper were 0.28 and 0.31 mg kg-1, 0.97 and 1.22 mg kg-1, 2.14 and 1.78 mg kg-1 and 0.23 and 0.19 mg kg-1 recorded surface and sub-surface depths, respectively. Soils are low in available nitrogen and potassium and medium in available phosphorus status. Cationic micronutrients such as iron, copper and zinc contents were found deficient in range, whereas manganese content was found to be sufficient.
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Nanganoa, Lawrence T., Francis A. Ngome, Christopher Suh, and Simon D. Basga. "Assessing Soil Nutrients Variability and Adequacy for the Cultivation of Maize, Cassava, and Sorghum in Selected Agroecological Zones of Cameroon." International Journal of Agronomy 2020 (December 28, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8887318.
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Access to information on soil nutrients status and variability is essential in understanding the potential of soils and their responsiveness to management interventions in agriculture. The current study evaluated soil nutrients status in selected agroecological zones (AEZs) of Cameroon and identified variations and their adequacy for maize (Zea mays L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench)), and cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) production. A total of 163 soil samples were collected from surface (0–15 cm) layer for the determination of pH, organic matter (OM), estimated nitrogen release (ENR), sulphur (S), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sodium (Na), boron (B), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), aluminium (Al), phosphorus (P), total exchangeable capacity (TEC), and base saturations. The results showed different degrees of variability in soil nutrients ranging from low to very high in all the AEZs. The soils in all the AEZs were consistently deficient in available phosphorus, sulphur, boron, and zinc in varying proportion and might be inadequate to supply cultivated maize, sorghum, and cassava with the nutrients needed to achieve optimal growth. The soils were also prone to Mg-induced K deficiency, which could limit the growth of maize, sorghum, or cassava. These results therefore suggest that management of inherent soil properties should be based on-site specific situations.
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Hibberd, DE, JH Ladewig, MN Hunter, and GW Blight. "Responses in cotton yields to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisers in the Emerald Irrigation Area, central Queensland." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 5 (1990): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900661.
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The poor growth of cotton in the Emerald Irrigation Area of central Queensland was investigated in fertiliser experiments from 1978 to 1980. The need for large amounts of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) fertilisers was demonstrated. In a glasshouse nutrient-omission experiment, N, P, potassium, sulfur (S), zinc, copper, manganese, boron (B) and molybdenum were tested for effects on cotton growth on the soil surface fraction (low in P and S) of a black cracking clay at Emerald. Plant growth indicated that P, N and S were extremely deficient. Other nutrients, except B, were marginally deficient. Slow growth was reflected in low shoot concentrations of N, P and S. In subsequent field experiments at 5 sites on 3 different soils, yield responses were only obtained to applications of P and N. Phosphorus at a rate of 40 kg/ha was required on a shallow, basaltic, dark cracking clay (Bug) soil. Yield responses to P were not obtained on an alluvial, dark cracking clay (AUg) or on a deep, basaltic, dark cracking clay (TbUg), but soil P concentrations were generally higher at these sites. For high value cotton crops where soil P analyses are low (i.e. <12 mg/kg bicarbonate-extractable P at 0-10 cm), high P fertiliser rates are recommended to maintain the soil P status. Nitrogen at a rate of 120 kg/ha produced heaviest yields on the Bug soil, but there were symptoms of N deficiency in plants early in the season. Irrigation frequency treatments produced no significant differences in yield.
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GÖKÇEOĞLU, Kağan, and Kerim Mesut ÇİMRİN. "Determination of Nutrition Status of Leaf and Soil Samples of Olive (Olea Europaea L.) Trees in Altınözü District of Hatay." ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences 6, no. 4 (2022): 680–97. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7309495.
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In order to determine the nutritional status of olive orchards in Hatay-Altınözü district, texture, lime (CaCO<sub>3</sub>), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter and some macro-micro nutrient element analyzes were performed on 30 soil and 15 plant samples taken from selected olive orchards. According to the results obtained from the research, the soils were found to be in clay and clay-loam texture class, with slightly alkaline reaction, unsalted, excessively calcareous and insufficient in organic matter. it was determined that all the soils were insufficient in nitrogen (N), except for one sample, 100.0% zinc (Zn) and boron (B), 6.66% phosphorus (P), 13.33% potassium (K), 10.0% iron (Fe) contents. In the olive leaf samples, 20% N, 6.66% P, 36.66% K, 53.33% calcium (Ca), 73.33% magnesium (Mg), 46.66% both manganese (Mn), It was determined that it was deficient in terms of Zn and B contents. In the study, when soil and leaf analyze are examined, some plant nutrients are sufficient or more (Ca, Mg) in the soil, while they are deficient in the plant. Some plant nutrients are deficient in the soil (Zn, B), but they are found to be sufficient in the plant. This shows that there are nutritional problems and unconscious soil and leaf fertilization is done in the region. As a result, it is suggested that the producers should make fertilization programs by a specialist according to the missing or excess plant nutrient element status by having plant and soil analyzes done.
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Sheoran, Dikshant, R. S. Garhwal, Mohit Sharma, Karuna, and Arun. "Assessment and Mapping of Nutrients in Soils of Babain and Ladwa Blocks of Kurukshetra using GIS." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, no. 7 (2024): 720–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i74784.
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The study was conducted in 2021-22 to evaluate the soil fertility status and create geospatial thematic mapping of available macro and micronutrients using GIS, and their correlation with physico-chemical properties of the soils of the Babain and Ladwa blocks of Kurukshetra, India. A composite of 204 georeferenced soil samples was collected from different villages of both blocks and samples were analysed using standard procedures. The average pH of the soils of Babain and Ladwa had a mean value of 8.10 and 8.18. Among the total soil samples, 92 and 80 samples were found to be saline in Babain and Ladwa, respectively. The nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and sulphur content in the soils of the Babain block ranged from 105-280, 6-32, 80-500 and 34-298 kg ha-1, while in the Ladwa block nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and sulphur content in the soils ranged from 89-287, 7-27, 65-510 and 45-430 kg ha-1, respectively. The soil samples exhibited varying levels of zinc, iron, and copper, with some falling into the sufficient category and others into the deficient category. However, all samples had sufficient manganese and boron content. The observed deficiency of zinc, iron and copper can be replenished with the application of manures and fertilizers to improve soil fertility and crop productivity.
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U. M. Shetti, A. B. Pawar, R. S. Thakare, S. R. Shelke, S. A. Kadam, and N. N. Bhalekar N. N. "Survey of Soil Profile Characteristics and Variability at Mulegaon Research Farm, ZARS, Solapur." Journal of Agriculture Research and Technology 49, no. 03 (2024): 495–501. https://doi.org/10.56228/jart.2024.49317.
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Knowledge of soil morphological and physicochemical properties is vital in the decision making regarding which research project should be implemented in which kind of soil. From a total of three typifying profiles, nine representative samples were collected at varying depths according to the presence of subordinate horizon from the Mulegaon Research Farm of the Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Solapur.Taxonomically, the profiles were Lithic Ustorthent (Entisols), Typic Haplustept (Inceptisols), and Vertic Haplustept (Inceptisols). The textural class varied from silty clay loam for the Entisols to clay for the remaining two Inceptisols.The physical properties indicated heavy soils throughout the study area. The pH was varied from neutral to moderately alkaline. All profiles soils were nonsaline. Macronutrients showed a general decreasing trend with increasing soil depth. The available N ranged between the low and very low categories. Available phosphorus varied between very low to moderately high class. Available potassium was found to be very high in all profiles, whereas available sulphur was deficient. DTPA manganese and copper were sufficient while DTPA iron was deficient throughout all 3 profiles. DTPA zinc was sufficient in all pedons except pedon3.
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Kumar, Ravindra, Manoj Singh, A. K. Mishra, Reshu Singh, and N. C. Tripathi. "Assessment of soil quality under maize-wheat cropping system of Milak block, district Rampur, Uttar Pradesh." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 3, no. 01 (2018): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2018.3.1.14.
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Soil is one of the most important vital natural resource, defends the life supporting system of a country and socio-economic development of its people. More than ever before, a renewed attention is being given to soil due to rapid declining land area for agriculture, declining soil fertility and increasing soil degradation, wrong land policies and imbalance use of inputs (Kanwar, 2004). All the above factors call for a paradigm shift in research away from maximum crop production to the sustainability of crop production system without degradation of soil health and environmental quality. Soils differ greatly in their morphological, physical, chemical and biological characteristics. Since these characteristics affect the response of soil to management practices it is necessary to have information about these characteristics of each category of soil. Soil fertility is one of the important factors controlling yields of the crops. Within a soil, nutrient variability exists depending upon the hydrological properties of the soil and cropping system. In the present study 366 soil samples were collected from 21 gram panchayats and were analyzed. The soil samples were collected from rice-wheat cropping sequence. Analysis of soil samples revealed that 82 per cent samples were medium in organic matter content, 100 per cent soil samples were deficient in available nitrogen, while 92 per cent P and 100 per cent K samples were in medium range respectively. Among the micronutrients tested copper and iron were in sufficient range while manganese and zinc were deficient in soil.
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Holford, ICR, and GJ Crocker. "Long-term effects of lime on pasture yields and response to phosphate fertilizers on eight acidic soils." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 45, no. 5 (1994): 1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9941051.
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Eight experiments on acidic soils of the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales were carried out to measure lime effects on clover-based pastures and their response to fertilizer phosphate (P). Each experiment lasted 3 years. The seven soils deficient in P all responded to lime in the first year, and pasture yield responses were associated with lime-induced increases in isotopically exchangeable or soluble soil P or both. Three of these soils were also relatively high in soluble aluminium (Al) or manganese (Mn), and the lime-induced suppression of these toxic cations probably also contributed to the beneficial effects of lime. Negative effects of lime on fertilizer P response were more frequent than positive effects, and tended to occur on higher A1 soils. Lime eliminated the need for fertilizer P on at least three P-deficient soils during the 3 year period of the experiments, and this was also associated with increases in availability and uptake of soil P. Lime suppressed P sorptivity in all soils, but this caused an increase in fertilizer P effectiveness in only two soils (in the first year). Hence, the positive effect of lime on soluble soil P, which occurred on all soils and which would tend to lower fertilizer P effectiveness, seemed to be dominant over its negative effect on soil P sorptivity. Residual effects of lime and fertilizer P were similar, both declining after the first year, with five soils still responsive in the third year.
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Rani, Y. Sandhya, K. V. Naga Madhuri, M. V. S. Naidu, P. Gurumurthy, V. Ramamurthy, and P. Lavanya Kumari. "Study of Soil Nutrient Status of Doddavaram Microwatershed in Koyyuru Mandal of Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, India." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, no. 2 (2024): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i24373.
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Aims: To asses the fertility status of the soils of Doddavaram microwatershed of Koyyuru mandal of Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh in which twenty soil profiles were studied for soil physico-chemical properties (pH, EC, OC) and soil nutrient status (N, P2O5, K2O, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn).
 Study Design: The soil profiles were selected based on the slope and its heterogeneity
 Place and Duration of Study: Doddavaram microwatershed of Koyyuru mandal of Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh located in between 17° 38' 4.779" to 17° 42' 15.440" of North latitudes and 82° 10' 56.784" to 82° 15' 1.372"East longitudes
 Methodology: Preliminary traverse of the entire watershed was carried out using 1:10,000 scale base map and satellite imagery. After delineating the landform on the satellite image, intensive traversing of each landform was undertaken to select the representative areas for transect study based on geology, drainage pattern, surface features, slope characteristics and land use, landforms and physiographic divisions. Transects were located across the slope at right angles to the contours and covers most of the variations observed in a landform. In each selected transect, profiles were located at closely spaced intervals to take care of any change in the land features like break in slope, erosion, gravels and stones etc . In this way totally twenty (20) soil profiles were opened and soil samples were collected and analyzed in the laboratory for soil nutrient status.
 Results: The results revealed that the soils of Doddavaram microwatershed were very strongly acidic to slightly alkaline (4.58 to 7.82) in reaction, non-saline (0.02 to 0.17 dS m-1), low to high (0.10 to 0.78%) in organic carbon. Moreover, these soils were low to medium in available nitrogen (28.30 to 147.14 mg kg-1), available phosphorus (2.19 to 14.78 mg kg-1 P2O5) and available potassium (27.63 to 117.44 mg kg-1 soil). The available sulphur content in the soils varied from deficient (1.41 mg kg-1) to sufficient (20.83 mg kg-1 soil). The surface horizons of pedons 1,2,9,10,11,13,14,15,16,1718,19 and 20 were sufficient in DTPA extractable zinc, while the pedons 3,4,5,6,7,8 and 12 showed deficient levels in the surface horizons. Moreover, the zinc concentration in the sub-surface horizons was sufficient to deficient. The surface and sub-surface horizons of all the pedons in the study area of Doddavaram microwatershed were found to be sufficient in DTPA extractable copper, iron and manganese and found to be above the critical limits.
 Conclusion: The analysis of macronutrients in the soils of Doddavaram microwatershed of Koyyuru mandal of Visakhapatnam district revealed that soils are low to medium in available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and deficient to sufficient in available sulphur. soils of the microwatershed were deficient to sufficient in available Zn and sufficient in available Fe, Cu and Mn.
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Ashraf, Muhammad, Asif Minhas, Sajid Masood, Naeem Akhtar, Sher Muhammad Shahzad, and Muhammad Asif. "Soil characterization and plant nutrient indexing of citrus orchards in the central Punjab of Pakistan." Soil and Environment 43, no. 1 (2024): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25252/se/2024/243148.
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The district Toba Tek Singh is located in the center of Punjab province. It occupies 2nd important position in national citrus production after Sargodha, with citrus orchard area of 11412 hectares and annual production of 160758 tons. Citrus productivity in Pakistan, in general, and Toba Tek Singh, in particular, is far below its its potential which could be attributed to several factors but poor soil health and inadequate soil fertility may be considered an important reason. A comprehensive nutrient indexing survey of thirty citrus orchards grown in different parts of district Toba Tek Singh was conducted to evaluate the soil characteristics and plant nutrient status. GPS coordinates of selected sites were recorded prior to sampling. Soil samples were collected at 0-20 cm, 21-40 cm and 41-60 cm depth using standard procedure. Five soil samples were collected from each site to get a composite sample for each depth. The leaf samples were collected from the 7-month-old non-fruiting branches of plants around the tree canopy during the month of September, 2022. Five healthy and uniform citrus trees were sampled from each site to get a composite leaf sample. The soil samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic matter (SOM) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The soil and leaf samples were analyzed for macro and micronutrients. It was found that most of orchard soils of district Toba Tek Singh were moderately alkaline (pH 7.52-8.90), slight to strong calcareous (2-15% CaCO3), non-saline (0.77-3.0 dS m-1 EC) and low in SOM (0.23-1.49%) with low to medium nitrogen (0.01-0.06%) and phosphorus (0.58-10.52 mg kg-1) while medium to high potassium (56.47-315.34 mg kg-1). The sampled soils were low to marginal in boron (0.09-0.72 mg kg-1), copper (0.05-0.59 mg kg-1), iron (0.23-10.75 mg kg-1) and zinc (0.03-1.83 mg kg-1) while adequate in manganese (1.35-26.20 mg kg-1). Leaf analysis revealed that almost 50% orchards were deficient in phosphorus (0.05-0.23%) and potassium (0.40-1.76%), while having low to marginal values of copper (1.96-20.99 mg kg-1), zinc (4.13-31.96 mg kg-1), boron (3.12-95.40 mg kg-1), manganese (42.62-96.46 mg kg-1) but adequate iron (171-552 mg kg-1). The surveyed orchard soils were mostly alkaline calcareous, deficient in organic matter and having low to moderate macro and micronutrients.
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Arneja, Sumeet, and Upkar S. Sadana. "Mixed Cropping Effects on Yield, Manganese Influx, and Manganese Depletion in the Rhizosphere of Fodder Crops Grown in Manganese-Deficient Soil." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 43, no. 3 (2012): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2012.639425.
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Singh, Sanjay Kumar, Techi Tagung, Sumedh R. Kashiwar, et al. "Assessment of Soil Fertility Status in Paroo and Saraiyan Blocks of Muzaffarpur District of Bihar Using GPS and GIS." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 17 (2023): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i173187.
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The experiment was conducted during 2019‒21 at Paroo and Saraiya blocks of Muzaffarpur district of Bihar, India to identify the nutrients status for crop management. Soil fertility inventory research was carried out in these two identified blocks (Paroo and Saraiyan) for generation of thematic soil fertility map. For nutrient assessment altogether 40 (forty) geo-referenced composite soil samples were collected from the various locations of the studied area using a hand-held GARMIN GPS device. The processed soil samples were used for analysis of various soil fertility parameters by using prescribed standard methods. Soil nutrient status and fertility maps were created by using ArcGIS 10.4.1 software employing Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation techniques. The results clearly indicated that the soils pH was alkaline in nature ranges from 7.4‒9.5. The mean value of Soil organic matter (0.55%) and potassium (150 to 250 kg ha-1) was found to be low to medium whereas, available nitrogen (119.9 to 319.1 kg ha-1) found 90% deficient, however, phosphorus (4.34 to 18.4 kg ha-1), and sulphur were recorded low in the blocks. However, most of the sample of micronutrients like copper (0.23 to 1.07 mg kg-1) and Iron (1.64 to 13.2 ppm) showed above critical limits while manganese, zinc deficiency were occurred in wide area. The intensive cropping system and imbalanced use of chemical fertilizer is degrading the soil quality in study area.
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Balaji, Naik D., and K. T. Gurumurthy. "Assessment of nutrient status in Rajagondanahallli Micro-watershed of Channagiri taluk, Davanagere district, Karnataka by using geographic information system technique." International Journal of Environment and Pollution Research 10, no. 3 (2022): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijepr.13/vol10n32938.
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The study was conducted to assess the soil fertility status and to prepare the fertility mapping at Rajagondanahallli micro-watershed (480.55 ha) of Davangere district by using GIS and GPS techniques during the year of 2019 to 2021. Total 44 surface soil samples at 320 × 320 m grid intervals (0 to 15 cm depths) were collected and soil fertility mapping were developed by using Arc GIS software. The fertility status of soils of Rajagondanahallli micro-watershed indicated that the soil were low (81.15 %) to medium (9.58 %) in available nitrogen, low (4.77 %) to medium (85.95 %) in available phosphorus, medium (52.10 %) to high (38.63 %) in available potassium, available sulphur were found to be sufficient, whereas exchangeable calcium and magnesium were found to be sufficient. DTPA extractable zinc was sufficient in 434 ha (90.24 %) and deficient in 2 ha (0.49 %) area. Whereas DTPA extractable iron, manganese, copper were sufficient. Available boron was low (20.19 %) to medium (70.53 %) in the study area.
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R, Srinivasan, Natarajan A, Anil kumar K S, and Kalaivanan D. "Distribution of Available Macro and Micronutrients in Cashew Growing Soils of Dakshina Kannada District of Coastal Karnataka." Madras Agricultural Journal 100, March (2013): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.001251.
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Available macro and micronutrient status of soils of cashew growing regions of Coastal Karnataka was carried out in Dakshina Kannada district to help in determining the potential of the soils to supply nutrients for crop growth. Six pedons viz., Pala hillock, NRCC-Shanthigodu, Muchipadavu, Mulia, ARS Ullal and Palikudel were studied throughout the major cashew growing areas of Dakshina Kannada district representing the major climatic zones. The macro and micronutrients status of collected soil samples were analyzed by using standard analytical procedures. Results indicated that the available nitrogen status was found to be varying from low to medium in all the pedons. Further, the soils were low in available phosphorus, low to medium in available potassium and low to medium in available sulphur. Among the DTPA extractable micronutrients, iron and manganese were sufficient in most soils, available copper was sufficient and available zinc was deficient. The available macronutrient and micronutrient status was found to decrease with increasing depth of the soils. Phosphorus and zinc were highly deficient in all the pedons.
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Yashaswini, Chigicherla, Arya Lekshmi V., Beena V. I., Divya Vijayan V., and Jayasree P. "Spatial Distribution and Mapping of Available Nutrients in Paddy Fields of North Central Laterites of Kerala, India." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 37, no. 5 (2025): 405–19. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2025/v37i55464.
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Soil fertility assessment is crucial for sustainable crop production, particularly in intensive rice-growing regions. The present study aimed to assess the spatial distribution of available nutrients across the rice-growing areas of the north-central laterite of Kerala and generating soil fertility maps to understand potential constraints. A total of 35 geo-referenced samples (0-15 cm depth) were collected, processed and analyzed for various soil properties. The soil pH varied from 4.09 to 6.22, averaging 5.15, indicating an acidic nature. Electrical conductivity remained low (0.03–0.37 dSm-1), ruling out salinity issues. Organic carbon content ranged from 04.20 to 30.0 g kg-1. Macronutrient analysis revealed that these soils were low in available nitrogen (56.45–169.34 kg ha-1) and potassium (30.24–119.24 kg ha-1) and mostly medium to high in available phosphorus. Available calcium (487.50–3318.75 mg kg-1) was sufficient in all samples, whereas 65.85% and 34.28% of samples were deficient in available magnesium and sulfur, respectively. Micronutrient assessment showed sufficient levels of available iron, copper, manganese, and zinc, while 62.85% samples were deficient in available boron. Nutrient index of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium are categorised under low, medium and low classes, respectively. Spatial variability maps for available nutrients were generated using QGIS to visualize and interpret the nutrient distribution across the laterite rice-growing region. These maps revealed the prevalence of widespread multi-nutrient deficiencies in the north central laterite soils of Kerala. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing nutrient management strategies to improve soil health and sustain rice productivity in north central laterites of Kerala.
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Marcar, NE, and RD Graham. "Tolerance of wheat, barley, triticale and rye to manganese deficiency during seedling growth." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 38, no. 3 (1987): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9870501.
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The manganese (Mn) efficiencies, i.e. tolerances to Mn deficiency, of wheat, barley, triticale and rye seedlings, were compared, with emphasis on genotypic variation within wheat. Plants were grown in small pots containing a Mn-deficient calcareous sand, with and without Mn addition, over a 4-week period at 15�C.Barley proved to be the most Mn-efficient cereal, having the highest dry matter production, Mn uptake and utilization efficiency. The high rate of Mn uptake for barley was strongly associated with greater lateral root development. The severe Mn deficiency of this soil precluded any significant Mn uptake by the other cereals. Differences in growth between wheat cultivars without added Mn were associated with differences in the Mn content of sown seeds.The results obtained from the screening of wheat-barley addition lines suggested that Mn-efficiency characters could be transferred from barley to wheat, since relative growth at Mn 0 was significantly greater for some of the addition lines than for wheat.
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Li, Yuefen, Heyang Gong, Shujie Li, and Yushu Zhang. "Ecological Stoichiometry Homeostasis of Six Microelements in Leymus chinensis Growing in Soda Saline-Alkali Soil." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (2020): 4226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104226.
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Soil salinization poses severe threats to grassland ecosystems in various parts of the world, including the Songnen Plain in northeast China. Severe impairment of plant growth in this soil is generally attributed to high soil pH, total alkalinity, and sodium (Na) contents. This paper focuses on the ecological stoichiometry of microelements, which has received much less attention than relations of macroelements, in the soil and plants (specifically Leymus chinensis) growing in it. The results show that the soil’s manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and molybdenum (Mo) contents are lower than average in Chinese soils, but only Mn and Zn are severely deficient in L. chinensis. With increases in soil pH, total alkalinity, and Na, the Mo contents in both soil and L. chinensis slightly increase, while contents of the other microelements decline. Homeostasis indices obtained for the six microelements—and Fe/Zn, Fe/Ni, Fe/Cu, and Cu/Zn ratios—were all between 0.82 and 3.34 (ranging from just below the “plastic” threshold to “weakly homeostatic”). Despite Zn deficiency in the soil, Zn appears to have the highest homeostasis of the six elements in L. chinensis (homeostasis indices of Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn, Fe and Mo were 3.34, 2.54, 1.86, 1.76, 1.52, and 1.33, respectively). In addition, the Cu/Zn ratio had the highest homeostasis index (1.85), followed by Fe/Zn (1.02), Fe/Cu (0.95) and Fe/Ni (0.82). Appropriate application of Mn and Zn fertilizers is recommended to promote the growth and development of L. chinensis in soda saline-alkali soil.
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Suhani, V. B. Kuligod, M. Hebbara, M. B. Doddamani, and Ashoka P. "Soil Fertility Mapping Using GIS in Sirur Sub-Watershed of Kundagol Taluk of Dharwad District, Karnataka, India." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, no. 6 (2024): 918–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64700.
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Aims: To identify available nutrient constraints in soils and to generate soil fertility maps using remote sensing and GIS of Sirur sub-watershed in northern dry zone of Karnataka. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Sirur sub-watershed (4D5B5j) located in Kundagol taluk of Dharwad district, Karnataka during 2022-24. Methodology: Soil samples (601) from Sirur sub-watershed in northern dry zone of Karnataka were drawn at 320 m x 320 m grid interval and assessed for fertility parameters. Analytical data was interpreted and statistical parameters like range, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were calculated for each parameter. Soil fertility maps were prepared for each parameter using interpolation technique. Results: Soils were neutral to alkaline in reaction and non-saline. Soil organic carbon content was low to medium. Available nitrogen and phosphorus were low to medium, available potassium was high and sulphur was medium to high. Regarding available micronutrients, iron, copper and manganese were sufficient in the soils whereas Zn was deficient in about half of the sub-watershed area and B content was medium to high. Conclusion: The major constraints in sub-watershed are low content of OC, poor status of available N, P2O5 and Zn indicating their immediate attention for sustained crop production.
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Ozores-Hampton, Monica. "Effective Strategies to Correct Iron Deficiency in Florida Vegetable Crops." HortTechnology 23, no. 5 (2013): 548–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.23.5.548.
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Iron (Fe) deficiency is a frequent nutritional problem in Florida vegetable crops because of leaching of Fe fertilizer from the soil, poor soil aeration, low soil organic matter (SOM), temperature, high soil pH and/or water bicarbonate content, and interactions with high levels of manganese (Mn) and calcium (Ca). Most Fe-deficient plants are yellow and stunted, with symptoms on younger leaves near the top of the plant because of Fe immobility and poor translocation resulting in interveinal chlorosis. Iron deficiency in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is characterized by a drastic reduction of leaf chlorophyll content at first at the base of the leaves (bleached leaf) ending in necrotic spots. Iron deficiency can have a significant economic impact depending on the timing of the deficiency during the crop production cycle. Furthermore, crop genotypic variations influence the ability of root systems to acquire Fe. The objective of this article was to describe current methods used by vegetable growers to correct Fe deficiency and to evaluate their effectiveness in tomato, pepper (Capsicum annuum), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and eggplant (Solanum melongena) production in Florida. A survey was conducted in the major vegetable production areas in Florida during 2012. Results from the survey indicated that since Fe availability depends on complex soil and environmental factors, there was no reliable soil test method that can predict Fe deficiency on vegetable crops in Florida. Production areas surveyed with calcareous or alkaline soils that are often due to over-liming, Fe becomes unavailable because of significant reduction of Fe. Production practices for those areas were not to use calcitic lime to raise Ca levels, especially if the pH is adequate (6.5). Instead, gypsum or calcium nitrate was recommended for soil Ca. The survey indicated that Fe sulfate (inorganic form) is the most commonly used Fe fertilizer in Florida. However, chelates of Fe were effective but expensive Fe alternative. Among chelate sources, ferric ethylenediaminediaminedi-o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid was frequently the preferred chelate fertilizer for soil application, but it is an expensive option. Soil acidification to lower the soil pH was also used to improve soil Fe availability. Organic matter in animal manures and composts was used as an effective alternative to increase Fe with positive results in Florida tomato production. However, the survey indicated that Fe applied to the soil was converted into unavailable forms especially under high soil pH, thus foliar application was used if Fe deficiency symptoms were observed early in the production cycle.
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Rosolem, Ciro Antonio, Gabriel José Massoni de Andrade, Izaias Pinheiro Lisboa, and Samuel Menegatti Zoca. "Manganese uptake and redistribution in soybean as affected by glyphosate." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 34, no. 6 (2010): 1915–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832010000600016.
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Detrimental effects of glyphosate on plant mineral nutrition have been reported in the literature, particularly on Mn uptake and redistribution. However, in most of the experiments conducted so far glyphosate-susceptible plants were used. Effects of glyphosate on Mn absorption kinetics, accumulation, and distribution within the plant, as well as soybean response to Mn as affected by glyphosate were studied in three experiments. In the first experiment, in nutrient solution, the effect of glyphosate on soybean Mn uptake kinetic parameters (Imax, Km and Cmin) was determined. In a second experiment, also in nutrient solution, differential Mn accumulation and distribution were studied for a conventional soybean cultivar and its near-isogenic glyphosate-resistant counterpart as affected by glyphosate. In a third experiment, response of glyphosate-resistant soybean cultivars to Mn application was studied in the presence of glyphosate, in pots with Mn-deficient soil. Maximum Mn influx (Imax) was higher in the herbicide-resistant (GR) cultivar than in its conventional counterpart. Glyphosate applied to nutrient solution at low rates decreased Km and Cmin. A few days after herbicide treatment, RR soybean plants developed yellowish leaves, a symptom which, in the field, could be misinterpreted as Mn deficiency, but herbicide application had no effect on Mn uptake or distribution within the plant. In the soil experiment, soybean Mn uptake was increased by Mn application, with no effect of glyphosate. Under greenhouse conditions, there was no evidence of deleterious effects of glyphosate on Mn absorption, accumulation and distribution in the plant and on soybean cultivars response to Mn application.
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Sagwal, Aaditya, Priyanshu Wadhwa, Shubham, and Shilpa Kaushal. "Essentiality of Micronutrients in Soil: A Review." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 24 (2023): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i244297.
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Micronutrients are very abundant in soil but plants normally absorb only a little amount of them, giving them the name "trace elements". Boron (B), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Molybdenum (Mo), and Nickel (Ni) are the essential micronutrients that are required in smaller amounts but crucial for plant growth and development. Besides providing essentiality in fruits and seeds formation, they are helpful in performing various metabolic processes, nutritional management, reproductive growth, chlorophyll synthesis, and other key plant activities. Among all the essential micronutrients, two particular elements, zinc (Zn) and boron (B) are deficit in acidic soils and zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe)are insufficient in semi-arid soils, which have become a rising problem in a variety of cropping systems thereby, raising alarms for the future. Our understanding of difficulties relating to micronutrients might be improved by the production of detailed soil micronutrient maps that cover wide geographic regions, making relevant judgments about the delivery and distribution of fertilizers supplemented with micronutrients to areas that are deficient in these particular micronutrients. The outcomes of these delineation efforts would also be very helpful in developing site-specific suggestions to increase the micronutrient content of food crops. It's important to note that soil micronutrient availability directly affects plant growth.
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Mubashir, Muhammad, Muhammad Mubashir, Muhammad Imran, et al. "REVEALING THE FERTILITY STATUS OF KHANEWAL DISTRICT’S LANDS THROUGH GIS-BASED STUDY." Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology 21, no. 2 (2024): 463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.34016/pjbt.2024.21.02.950.
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A rapid increase in industrialization and urbanization and population growth requires expansion of agricultural area for food security and raise the importance of soil health assessment to ensure protection and sustainable use of agricultural lands according to their potential. For this purpose, use of digital soil mapping for the analysis of key physicochemical characteristics has been widely used. The GIS enabled the mapping of extensive areas. The purpose of this study is the spatial analysis of soil fertility indicators i.e., soil reaction (pH), Electrical Conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), micro-macro {Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Boron (B)} nutrients in Khanewal districts using GIS-approaches. The result of study shows that soil pH and EC are normal for crop production while almost 95% of samples show low OM, 100% have low available phosphorous content, 33.3% have low K content, 71% have low Fe and 83% have low B content. Therefore, it was recommended that, to continuously incorporate farmyard manure, green manure, and crop residues into the soil over an extended period to address the organic matter deficiency. P, K, Fe and B deficient area should be fertilized with variable rate of respective fertilizer and soil should be periodically tested. It was recommended that the central parts of Khanewal district lands are cultivable as compared to boarder areas.
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Lavres Junior, José, Eurípedes Malavolta, Neusa de Lima Nogueira, et al. "Changes in anatomy and root cell ultrastructure of soybean genotypes under manganese stress." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 33, no. 2 (2009): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832009000200017.
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The deleterious effects of both Mn deficiency and excess on the development of plants have been evaluated with regard to aspects of shoot anatomy, ultrastructure and biochemistry, focusing mainly on the manifestation of visual symptoms. However, there is little information in the literature on changes in the root system in response to Mn supply. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Mn doses (0.5, 2.0 and 200.0 μmol L-1) in a nutrient solution on the anatomy of leaves and roots of the Glycine max (L.) cultivars Santa Rosa, IAC-15 and IAC-Foscarin 31. Visual deficiency symptoms were first observed in Santa Rosa and IAC-15, which were also the only cultivars where Mn-toxicity symptoms were observed. Only in IAC-15, a high Mn supply led to root diameter thickening, but without alteration in cells of the bark, epidermis, exodermis and endodermis. The degree of disorganization of the xylem vessels, in particular the metaxylem, differed in the cultivars. Quantity and shape of the palisade parenchyma cells were influenced by both Mn deficiency and toxicity. A reduction in the number of chloroplasts was observed in the three Mn-deficient genotypes. The anatomical alterations in IAC-15 due to nutritional stress were greater, as expressed in extensive root cell cytoplasm disorganization and increased vacuolation at high Mn doses. The degree of changes in the anatomical and ultrastructural organization of roots and leaves of the soybean genotypes studied differed, suggesting the existence of tolerance mechanisms to different intensities of Mn deficiency or excess.
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Ahmad, Niaz, Sajjad Hussain, Muhammad Arif Ali, et al. "Correlation of Soil Characteristics and Citrus Leaf Nutrients Contents in Current Scenario of Layyah District." Horticulturae 8, no. 1 (2022): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8010061.
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Soil with low fertility is a big problem for achieving citrus productivity. In this regard, the management of macro and micronutrients is essential. Macro and micronutrient deficiency decreased the yield and the quality of citrus fruit. It is the need of the hour to classify the soil fertility status under changing climatic scenarios. The current soil fertility survey was conducted to examine the macro and micronutrient status in the citrus production area. In soil, three depths (0–15, 15–30, and 30–45 cm) were taken for sampling. For leaves, 4–6-months-old non-bearing twigs were sampled from 20 trees per orchard at breast height. Results showed that soil pH (7.1–8.4) was slightly alkaline, electrical conductivity (EC) was non-saline (<4 dSm−1), soil organic matter (SOM) was deficient (<0.86%), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was slight calcareous (<8%), at 0–15, 15–30, and 30–45 cm depths. The majority of soil samples were low in nitrogen (N) contents at all depths, i.e., (<0.043) 0–15 (85%), 15–30 (97%), and 30–45 (100%) cm depths. Phosphorus (P) was medium (7–15 mg kg−1) at 0–15 cm (60%) but low (<7 mg kg−1) at 15–30 (63%) and 30–45 cm (82%) depths. Potassium (K) was medium (80–180 mg kg−1) at 0–15 (69%), 15–30 (69%), and 30–45 cm (10%) depths. Boron (B) and manganese (Mn) were medium, and Cu was high in 0.15 cm, but all were low at 15–30 and 30–45 cm depths. Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) were low at depths of 0–15, 15–30, and 30–45 cm. Most citrus leaves were deficient in N (94%), Fe (76%), Zn (67%), and B (67%). In conclusion, soil fertilization is not sufficient for optimum citrus yield because of alkaline pH and slight calcareous soil conditions in this region. Foliar application of nutrients is suggested instead of only soil fertilization, for better nutrient management in citrus orchards.
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Kumar Jena, Nirmal, Antaryami Mishra, Amitabh Mahapatra, and Mamata Tripathy. "Distribution of DTPA-Extractable Micronutrients and their Relationship with Some Soil Properties in the Soils of Jharsuguda District, Odisha, India." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (2022): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1112.015.
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A total of 528 surface soil (0–15 cm) samples, collected from eighty-eight representative villages of all the five blocks of Jharsuguda district in Odisha, were analyzed for distribution of DTPA-extractable Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn and water soluble Boron and to establish their relationship with some soil properties. Based on fertility ratings, pH of soil samples were recorded as extremely acidic to slightly acidic in soil reaction (4.1 – 6.7). Electrical conductivity of the entire study area was found to be normal (< 1 dSm-1). The soil organic carbon was recorded as very low to high (0.09 -1.87%). As per the prescribed critical limits (4.5 mg Fe kg -1), (2 mg Mn kg -1), (0.2 mg Cu kg -1), (0.6 mg Zn kg -1) and (0.5 mg B kg -1 of soil), all the soil samples were found to be adequate in Fe (14.32 – 391.06 mg kg -1), Mn (16.12 – 389.80 mg kg -1) and Cu (0.24 – 4.80 mg kg -1) except 16.85% and 73.1% of them were recorded as deficient in Zn (0.28 – 6.94 mg kg -1) and B (0.13 – 1.06 mg kg -1) content respectively. The organic carbon content was observed to have positive and significant correlations with extractable iron (r=0.40**), manganese (r=0.28**), copper (r=0.95**) zinc (r=00.9**) and with water soluble boron (r=0) indicated that no correlation between these two parameters being compared. The soil pH showed a negative and non-significant correlation with extractable iron (r= -0.034), copper (r=-0.04), and zinc (r=-0.03), positive and non-significant correlation with manganese (r=0.042) but positive and significant correlation with boron (r= 0.11*).
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Ch, Ramulu, Harikrishna B, R. R. Reddy P, and Uma Reddy R. "Identification of Soil Fertility Constraints of Erstwhile Warangal District, Telangana, India, using GIS for their Precise Management for Sustainable Crop Productivity." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, no. 6 (2024): 826–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64690.
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The present investigation was carried out to identify soil fertility constraints and map the fertility status of erstwhile Warangal District, Telangana, India using geographic information system (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS). 241 geo-referenced surface soil samples (0-20 cm) from the study area were analyzed for their fertility parameters. Soil fertility maps were prepared for each parameter under GIS environment using Arc-GIS v 10.8.2. The soils in study area were slightly acidic to slightly alkaline in reaction (6.16 - 8.34), non saline in nature (0.14 to 1.00 dS m–1) and low to high (0.12 - 1.14%) in organic carbon (OC%) content. The soils were low in available nitrogen (136 to231 kg ha-1), low to high in available phosphorus (14.00 to 166.00 kg P2O5 ha-1) and medium to high in available potassium (199 to 997 kg K2O ha-1). The wide variation from deficient to sufficient was observed in the status of available zinc (0.13 to 2.05 mg kg-1), iron (0.09 to 11.80 mg kg-1), copper (0.14 to 2.14 mg kg-1) and manganese (0.18 to 10.30 mg kg-1). The soil fertility status in study area revealed that soil organic carbon, available nitrogen and zinc are important soil fertility constraints in the erstwhile Warangal District Telangana India. To build up organic matter, zinc content, native nitrogen and maintain nutrient balance in the soil the farmers are advised to adopt farmyard manure (FYM) and ZnSO4 application regularly.
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Seifu, Weldemariam, Eyasu Elias, Girmay Gebresamuel, Gudina Legese Feyisa, and Wolde Tefera. "Characterization and Mapping of Soil-Landscape for Site-Specific Soil Management in Ayiba Watershed, Northern Highlands of Ethiopia." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2023 (April 14, 2023): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8899956.
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The characterization of soil landscapes is becoming increasingly important for making decisions regarding site-specific agriculture systems and soil management. This study was initiated for the purpose of identifying landscape-scale spatial soil variation using a toposequence model so that site-specific fertilization could be achieved. According to the finding, the soils were shallow to very deep in depth, moderately acidic to moderately alkaline in soil reaction, nonsaline in salinity, and clay to sandy loam in texture. The soils were found very low to low levels in most soil nutrients, very low to very high levels of base saturation, and deficient in zinc but have adequate levels of iron, copper, and manganese. The soil exchange complex was mainly dominated by Ca and Mg where the order of occurrence was Ca > mg > K > Na. The CEC values were in high to very high range. Following the field survey and soil analytical results, five main reference soil groups of the World Soil Resource Base—Leptosols (56%), Luvisols (8.5%), Fluvisols (14.4%), Vertisols (13%), and Cambisol (8.2%)—were identified and mapped. Leptosols cover the largest landmass of the watershed and mostly found at the summit and hill back slopes. On the other hand, Luvisols, Fluvisols, Vertisols, and Cambisols were found on the middle and foot slopes. According to the findings, the variation in soil source indicating that topography is the primary pedogenic element in the formation of the soil in the watershed that was under research. Therefore, having local-scale-specific soil information can assist the site-specific application of soil nutrients and amendments based on spatial variability which is tailored to the soil requirements.
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Shalini Gupta, Sanket Shankar Mishra, and Kavita Shah. "Examining Contamination of Arsenic in Soil Around Thermal Power Plant at Dadri in India." International Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 9, no. 2 (2022): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijrasb.9.2.21.
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Coal fired thermal power plant (TPP) serves as point source releasing hazardous heavy metals in the environment contributed from burning of coal for electricity generation. This causes altered physicochemical properties of soil. Arsenic (As) is highly toxic in nature which gets transferred to the soil environment by varied pathways. The present study attempts to measure the physicochemical properties and arsenic contamination in soil around a coal fired thermal power plant in India for two consecutive years (2017-19). The soil pH, moisture, conductivity, water holding capacity, nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, manganese, iron and arsenic were measured in six villages located within 0-10km around TPP. Results suggest soil from the villages to be slightly alkaline with good water holding capacity and soil moisture. The soil was manganese deficient however the levels of nitrate, phosphate and potassium were similar to that of agricultural soil suggesting negligible impact of TPP on soil quality in the region. Low arsenic contamination (though within permissible limits), at site 4 (Piyawali) located within 0-5 km and in windward direction from TPP was noted. Traces of as was also measured at site 2 (Jarcha) and site 3 (Khatana) which were within 5-10 km of TPP and in the windward direction. Results indicate that arsenic from the emissions migrate with the wind to Jarcha and Khatana whereas it directly falls and retains at Piyawali which is in the leeward direction. Thus, a significant relation between movement of arsenic and the position of the village, distance and direction of wind with respect to TPP is evident. The soil pollution index (Pi) for arsenic revealed the Pi values to be <1 in all seasons suggesting that though arsenic is present in the soils of the villages near the thermal power plant, it may not be contributing largely towards the pollution in the soil. Application of zinc to bind arsenic electrostatically in the soil matrix is therefore recommended to mitigate arsenic or growing of non-edible or energy rich crops will be helpful. Moreover, power plants be geared for arsenic containment measures to minimize input of arsenic in soil environment.
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Arunkumar, V., S.Babu, D. Dhanasekaran, K.Manikandan, T.Balaji, and M. Vijayakumar. "Assessment of Cationic Micronutrient Status for Efficient Experimental Farm Management in the Tiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu, India." Asian Research Journal of Agriculture 17, no. 4 (2024): 1025–31. https://doi.org/10.9734/arja/2024/v17i4616.
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The experiment delineated micronutrient Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) availability in the soils of experimental farm of Agricultural college and Research Institute, Vazhavachanur under the Alfisols soil order of Tamil Nadu, India. Grid wise (50 x 50 m grids) geocoded surface soil samples were collected from 118 locations and analysed for various micronutrients. Available Zn in the soil varied from 0.09 to 1.69 mg kg-1 with an average value of 0.83 mg kg-1. The major portion of the soil samples (71.2%) falls under low category while only 1.7 per cent samples were high in available Zn. Nutrient index value (NIV) of Zn availability in soil was also calculated (NIV=1.31) and found to be low. Fe availability in soil samples varied between 0.26 to 8.58 mg kg-1 with an average value of 4.15 mg kg-1. The Fe content in 43.2 per cent of the soil samples falls under low category and 55.1 per cent of the samples were under medium category. The NIV value of Fe was found to be low. Available Cu ranged from 0.09 to 3.88 mg kg-1 with an average of 1.88 mg kg-1. The Cu availability is high in 51.7 per cent of the soil samples and the NIV was medium. The Mn availability in the soil samples varied from 0.26 to 6.10 mg kg-1 with an average value of 2.92 mg kg-1. The Mn content in 67 per cent of the soils falls under medium category and NIV was also medium. Thus, results revealed that soils of the experimental farm were potential Zn and Fe deficient areas. Application of Zn and Fe both as soil as well as soil plus foliar might be beneficial in enhancing the yield and quality of crops of the experimental farm.
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Crocker, GJ, KP Sheridan, and ICR Holford. "Lucerne responses to lime and interactions with other nutrients on granitic soils." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 2 (1985): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850337.
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Experiments were carried out in the field and glasshouse to determine the requirements for lime and nutrient elements by lucerne growing on moderately acid, weakly buffered granitic soils of the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. The initial field experiment, which was an omission type at two sites with basal applications of phosphorus and sulfur, gave responses only to molybdenum, whilst on the 'complete' nutrient treatment (potassium, magnesium, molybdenum, manganese, boron, copper, zinc, cobalt and iron), there were large responses to lime. The subsequent glasshouse experiments gave large positive interactions between lime and the complete nutrient treatment and also between lime and phosphorus. The interactions between lime and complete nutrients involved mainly boron and to a lesser extent molybdenum, but at least one other nutrient, probably potassium, was also involved. However, the largest interaction was between lime and phosphorus. There was little indication that the lime effect was caused by increased nutrient availability in the soil or by improved root nodulation; it appeared to be associated with greatly improved root growth. White clover differed from lucerne in giving no interactions between lime and other nutrients and was much less sensitive to lime-induced boron deficiency. The results' of these experiments indicate that lucerne yields on these granitic soils cannot be maximized by the application of nutrient elements unless lime is also applied. Likewise lime has little effect unless deficient nutrients are also applied. Near-maximum yields were obtained with lime at 2.5 t/ha in the presence of adequate levels of deficient nutrients.
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Jadhav, Sagar, Sagar Kadao, Sunita Kusugal, and Mukul Baviskar. "Soil Fertility Assessment and Management Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture in Chikkanayakanahalli Block of Karnataka, India." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 37, no. 3 (2025): 215–26. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2025/v37i35361.
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Soil testing is essential for determining the availability of nutrients within the soil, which indicates fertilizer recommendations aimed at optimizing crop yields. Soil test summaries are indispensable reference tools for the scientific management of soil. A total of 113 surface soil samples were randomly collected from farmers field across nine villages in the Chikkanayakanahalli block to assess the fertility status of the soil. From the above study observed that the soils in the Chikkanayakanahalli block of Tumkur district in Karnataka State exhibit a range from moderately acidic to Slightly alkaline (5.24 to 8.02) pH levels, characterized by normal electrical conductivity (0.08 to 0.23 dSm-1) and low organic carbon content (0.11 to 0.54%) with a few exceptions. The assessment of available macronutrients indicated a low to medium in nitrogen (104.7 to 340.5 kg ha-1), whereas phosphorus (12 to 68 kg ha-1) and potassium (53.5 to 407.5 kg ha-1) levels varying from low to high. Additionally, the evaluation of available micronutrients revealed that all soil samples were either deficient to sufficient in iron (0.98 to 2.81 mg kg-1) and manganese (0.23 to 3.94 mg kg-1), whereas recorded sufficient to excessive levels of zinc (0.86 to 9.72 mg kg-1) and copper (1.55 to 17.58 mg kg-1). The findings of this research highlight the urgent need for intensive soil nutrient management due to the overexploitation of soil resources. The declining levels of critical parameters such as organic carbon suggested that the necessitating prompt action for the sustainable management of soil resources.
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K. N., Jakir Hussain, Jagadeesh B. R., Mandakini Biradar, et al. "Study of Groundwater and Its Quality Parameters on Soil Nutrient Dynamics in Northern Parts of Ranebennur Taluk, Haveri District, Karnataka, India." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 14, no. 9 (2024): 406–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i94425.
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The study of groundwater and its quality parameters in Northern Ranebennur taluk is crucial for understanding their impact on soil nutrient dynamics, which directly affects agricultural productivity. By assessing groundwater quality, the research aims to optimize soil management practices and ensure sustainable agriculture in the region. This study aimed to uncover how groundwater quality impacts soil properties in Northern Ranebennur, Haveri district. Researchers collected 150 groundwater and soil samples from 50 villages. Findings revealed that groundwater-irrigated soils had a pH range of 6.58 to 8.90, averaging at 7.50. The average EC was 2.04 dS m-1, and ESP varied between 3.33 and 18.06 percent. Soil nutrients showed mean values of 318.51 kg/ha for nitrogen, 43.33 kg/ha for phosphorus, and 277.60 kg/ha for potassium. Zinc was notably deficient, copper ranged from low to medium, while manganese and iron were moderately to highly available. The study uncovered intriguing connections between groundwater quality and soil properties. Groundwater pH showed a strong positive correlation with soil pH (r = 0.430**). Groundwater SAR was significantly linked with soil EC (r = 0.218*). Groundwater RSC had a notable positive relationship with soil ESP (r = 0.488**) and pH (r = 0.202**). Groundwater SAR also correlated significantly with soil ESP (r = 0.422**). Interestingly, groundwater EC was positively correlated with soil potassium, iron, and zinc, while it negatively impacted nitrogen, phosphorus, and copper levels. Sodium in groundwater showed a positive relationship with soil nitrogen, potassium, and iron, but a negative one with phosphorus. Boron levels in groundwater strongly correlated with soil boron (r = 0.883**). Finally, groundwater SAR was negatively correlated with soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
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Channavar, Vijayakumari Raveendra, Jagadeesh B R, Milind P. Potdar, P. L. Patil, and Chandrashekhar S S. "Geospatial Techniques for Mapping Madapur Micro-Watershed Using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 14, no. 7 (2024): 670–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74307.
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Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based land resource inventory (LRI) with high-resolution imagery is the most reliable tool for soil resource mapping. However, soil series-based mapping remains crucial for detailed soil studies in Madapur micro-watershed. A thorough geospatial analysis of land resources was conducted to support integrated land use planning efforts. This involves assessing various factors such as land cover, land use patterns, terrain features and soil characteristics. By adapting GIS and remote sensing data, soil maps were prepared for decision-making in land use planning initiatives, considering environmental sustainability, socio-economic factors and land resource availability. The research findings revealed the extent of soil erosion, gravel content, salinity levels, soil depth, soil pH and nutrient availability. In the moderately soil erosion category, the area covered 316 ha (65.67 %) followed by slightly erosion category covered 99 ha (20.56 %). Gravel content was prevalent, with 276 ha (57.39 %) falling into the gravelly category, while the remaining was non-gravelly. Salinity levels were low across the entire area with non saline. Soil depth in 278 ha (57.81%) area was very deep soil (>150 cm), while a significant portion 126 ha (26.16%) has moderately shallow depth (50-75 cm). The soil reaction is moderately alkaline, with 97.27 percent of the area showing this trait. Nitrogen deficiency is common, affecting 97.27 percent of the area with levels below 280 kg/ha. Phosphorus availability is moderate, ranging from 23 to 56 kg/ha. Potassium content is also moderate in 65.22% of the area, with levels between 140 and 330 kg/ha. Adequate levels of micronutrients like iron, copper and manganese were present, but zinc content was deficient. Despite soil limitations, a substantial portion (57.12%, 275 ha) is classified as good cultivable land with some soil limitations, suggesting potential for agricultural productivity with appropriate management practices.
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Constable, GA, IJ Rochester, and JB Cook. "Zinc, copper, iron, manganese and boron uptake by cotton on cracking clay soils of high pH." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 3 (1988): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880351.
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To determine the extent and timing of uptake of some micronutrients in cotton, 35 cotton crops were surveyed in 1 season and detailed sampling of whole plants and node segments at 1 site was done in 2 seasons. The soils were cracking clays of high pH. Meaned over all sites, iron was taken up in greatest amounts (600 g/ha), followed by manganese (450 g/ha), boron (200 g/ha), zinc (60 g/ha) and copper (20 g/ha). Based on critical values established elsewhere, none of the sites was judged to be primarily deficient or excessive in any of these micronutrients, but Zn status was the lowest in plant tissue and Mn the highest. At the levels found, there were poor relationships between soil tests and subsequent uptake of each micronutrient. Copper, boron and zinc were taken up throughout the season but Fe uptake was almost complete by flowering. It was calculated that continued uptake of Zn throughout the season was necessary, as redistribution from leaves was insufficient to sustain boll requirements. An analysis of fuzzy seed and lint indicated that 3 g of copper, 12 g manganese, 13g zinc, 21g boron and 66 g of iron are removed at harvest for each bale (225 kg) of lint.
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Carrasco-Gil, Sandra, Juan José Rios, Ana Álvarez-Fernández, Anunciación Abadía, José María García-Mina, and Javier Abadía. "Effects of individual and combined metal foliar fertilisers on iron- and manganese-deficient Solanum lycopersicum plants." Plant and Soil 402, no. 1-2 (2015): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2759-z.
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