Relevant bibliographies by topics / Manganese steel

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Manganese steel'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Manganese steel"

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Snizhnoi, Hennadii, Volodymyr Sazhnev, Valentyn Snizhnoi, and Anatoliy Mukhachev. "Details of mining beneficiation equipment made of medium manganese wear-resistant steel." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1348, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1348/1/012027.

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Abstract For mining and beneficiation equipment, medium-manganese steel for the production of fast-wearing replaceable parts is proposed. The object of research was the effect of phosphorus on the physical and mechanical properties of austenitic manganese steels with a manganese concentration within the standard for steel 110G13L and below the regulated lower level. Phosphorus more significantly reduces impact toughness, relative elongation and relative narrowing in steels with a lower manganese content than in classic Hadfield steel. In steels with a reduced manganese content, phosphorus has a less effective influences on the tensile strength, and it has practically no effect on hardness. Reducing the phosphorus concentration to 0.025 % and below in 110G8L steel increases its main physical and mechanical properties to the level of 110G10L steel with high phosphorus (recommended for parts subject to abrasive wear). The use of 110G8LA steel with low phosphorus reduces to further reduce the costs of manganese ferroalloys in the production of fast-wearing replaceable parts of mining and beneficiation equipment. This also reduces the emission of manganese compounds with oxygen into the atmosphere, which is very harmful to the environment and the human body.
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Vdovin, K. N., N. A. Feoktistov, and D. A. Gorlenko. "Influence of Heat Treatment on Wear Resistance of Alloyed Hadfield Steel and Phase Transformations in it." Solid State Phenomena 265 (September 2017): 640–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.640.

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The paper investigates the influence of alloying of high manganese steel with various materials on its wear resistance. It describes the results of differential scanning calorimetry and thermo-gravimetric analysis obtained in the process of thermal investigation of high manganese steel alloyed with different materials. The processes taking place in alloyed high manganese steel during heat treatment were considered. Besides, the paper shows the results of investigation of kinetics of oxidation of high manganese steels, temperatures of the start and completion of carbide decomposition and carbon burning; the comparative analysis of these processes was carried out. The research group determined the qualitative characteristics of the steel decarburization process depending on the implemented alloying scheme of high manganese steel. Scientific justification was given to the results obtained in the research work. The technological recommendations, which make it possible to calculate the optimum hardening temperature of high manganese steels, were given. General conclusions were made in the final part of the paper.
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Ueda, Keiji, Daichi Izumi, Toshinori Ishida, and Yoshiaki Murakami. "Effect of Alloying Element on Mechanical Properties of High Strength Austenitic Steel." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 678–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.678.

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A high strength austenitic steel is expected as a structural material for cryogenic use because fcc material does not cause a cleavage fracture despite high strength. High manganese steel which is a strong candidate material of the cryogenic high strength austenitic steel was originally famous for the Hadfield steel and widely applicable in actual use. In general, an excellent cryogenic toughness of the high manganese steels is achieved by obtaining stable fcc microstructure with an adequate amount manganese which is a typical austenite former alloy. However, as addition of manganese is not effective for increasing strength, other strengthening alloying elements like carbon and chromium need to be added. In this study, an effect of alloying elements on strength and cryogenic toughness of the high manganese austenitic steel is studied.
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An, Gyubaek, Seunglae Hong, Jeongung Park, and Ilwook Han. "Investigation of Correlation Between Fracture Toughness and Charpy Impact Energy of Cryogenic Steel Welds." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 4921–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19251.

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The high manganese steel was developed to improve the fracture toughness and safety at cryogenic temperatures, the austenite structure was formed by increasing the manganese (Mn) content. The developed weld high manganese steel was alloyed with austenite stabilizing elements (e.g., C, Mn, and Ni) for cryogenic toughness and fluxes contained less than 10% of acidic slag formers such as rutile (TiO2) and silica (SiO2). This paper describes the work carried out to enhance the fracture toughness of Mn contents in an economical way by means of increase of manganese up to 23% instead of using nickel (Ni) which has unique element to improve fracture toughness especially at cryogenic steel. The new cryogenic steels should be carefully evaluated in terms of safety for application in real structures including LNG ships. In this study, the fracture toughness performance was evaluated for recently developed cryogenic steels (high-Mn steels), especially the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) parameter was evaluated using the prediction formula proposed by conventional equation. The CTOD value was investigated the effect of microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe–C–Mn and Fe–C–Mn–Ni high manganese steel, it was revealed that the e-martesnsite phase formed in high manganese steel of 0.2C–20Mn and 0.4C–20Mn as a result of a low stability of austenite upon strain-induced phase transformation.
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Craddock, Paul T. "The Many and Various Roles of Manganese in Iron and Steel Production." Materials Science Forum 983 (March 2020): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.983.57.

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Manganese oxide and metallic manganese have made a long and varied contribution to the production of iron and steel through the centuries, long before Sir Robert Hadfield’s alloy manganese steel first produced in 1882. Although quite well known empirically, this contribution has sometimes been misunderstood or misrepresented.The success of some of the early so-called ‘natural steels’ was the presence of manganese oxides in the iron ores used.Manganese oxide was already used as a flux from the early days of the production of crucible steel in Asia and it now appears that it was used as a flux from the inception of the otherwise very different later European crucible steel technologies. After the introduction of crucible steel making in Britain in the 18th century, foreign competitors believed that the reason for the success of the processes used at Sheffield was a secret flux and studies on recently discovered 18th century crucibles in Sheffield have shown that process was indeed fluxed with manganese oxide.The function of manganese in the later European crucible steel industry has been rather overshadowed and confused historically by the very different ‘Carburet of manganese’, a strange concoction, patented by Josiah Heath in 1839 added to iron or steel to purify the metal. At the time the chemistry of the process was misunderstood and many acrimonious and inaccurate claims were made, crucially confusing the very different functions of manganese oxide and manganese metal, overshadowing the part already played by manganese oxide for almost a century previously..Finally manganese and its salts played a crucial role in the Bessemer process of steel making.
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Selecká, Marcela, Andrej Šalak, and Dagmar Jakubéczyová. "Mechanical and Tribological Characteristics of Sintered Manganese Steels." Materials Science Forum 672 (January 2011): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.672.59.

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The effect of three iron powder grades and three manganese carrier types on mechanical and tribological characteristics of sintered 1 -5% Mn steels was investigated. The different effect of iron powder grades in dependence on manganese addition expressed oneself in strength and in wear. The highest strength and highest wear attained the steels with 3% Mn added as high carbon ferromanganese. The components – rollers - prepared from manganese steel exhibited lower wear than that from Fe-4Ni-1.5Cu-0.5Mo powder. The gears for hydrogenerator prepared from Fe-3.5Mn-0.5Mo-0.3C steel exhibited longer life time at increased oil pressure compared with that from through hardened sintered Fe-4Ni-1C steel.
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Rybenko, I. A., I. D. Rozhikhina, O. I. Nokhrina, and M. A. Golodova. "Rational application of high quality manganese concentrate." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 67, no. 2 (April 21, 2024): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2024-2-237-244.

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The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of manganese reduction processes from oxides of high-quality manganese concentrate obtained by hydrometallurgical enrichment of ferromanganese ores, as well as, from marokite (product of thermal synthesis of concentrate and dolomite) with carbon and silicon. The method of thermodynamic modeling with TERRA software complex determined the optimal temperatures and costs of reducing agents that ensure the complete reduction of manganese. It was found that any of the above-mentioned reducing agents, or a combination thereof in certain ratios, can be utilized as a reducing agent when using oxide manganese-containing materials for steel treatment. The results of experimental studies made it possible to develop technology for the production of marokite-manganite concentrate and monophase synthetic material (CaMnO3 ). They can be obtained using the technology developed by the authors, which includes mechanical and thermal treatment of a mixture of high-quality manganese concentrate and calcined dolomite or lime. Marokite-manganite concentrate is useful for alloying steel with manganese when it is smelted in an electric furnace or in a ladle furnace unit, and a monophasic synthetic material is efficient for the production of metal manganese. Based on the results of thermodynamic calculations and experimental studies, technological parameters for processing steel with marokite-manganite concentrate in an electric furnace and a ladle furnace unit are proposed. Monophasic synthetic material CaMnO3 should be used as the charge component for the production of metal manganese by the out-of-furnace aluminum thermal treatment, which will increase the terminality of the process, as well as the extraction of manganese at the level of 90 %. The results of experimental studies were obtained using modern research methods with laboratory and analytical equipment, as well as statistical processing methods.
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Shao, Xiaodong. "Exploiting a Simple Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Manganese in High Strength Line Pipe Steels." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 1158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.1158.

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The use of high strength line pipe steels is beneficial for the reduction the cost of gas transmission pipelines by enabling high pressure transmission of large volumes of gas. The high strength line pipe steels will become the preferred materials for modern natural gas transmission pipeline. It was well known that manganese was an important element in the high strength line pipe steels. In this paper, a simple spectrophotometric method was described for determination of manganese in high strength line pipe steels. The method was based on the oxidation-reduction reaction between ammonium persulfate and manganese(II) producing manganese(VII) in the presence of silver nitrate as a catalyst. The characteristic wavelength of maximum absorption of manganese(VII) was obtained locating at 530 nm. Under the optimum reaction conditions the absorption value was proportional to the concentration of manganese in the range of 0.18%~2.0% (R2 = 0.9997), and the relative standard deviation was less than 3.0% (n=5). The proposed method was applied successfully to determine manganese in API grade X80 line pipe steel and API grade X70 line pipe steel samples.
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Poling, Whitney A., Emmanuel De Moor, John G. Speer, and Kip O. Findley. "Temperature Effects on Tensile Deformation Behavior of a Medium Manganese TRIP Steel and a Quenched and Partitioned Steel." Metals 11, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11020375.

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Third-generation advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) containing metastable retained austenite are being developed for the structural components of vehicles to reduce vehicle weight and improve crash performance. The goal of this work was to compare the effect of temperature on austenite stability and tensile mechanical properties of two steels, a quenched and partitioned (Q&P) steel with a martensite and retained austenite microstructure, and a medium manganese transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel with a ferrite and retained austenite microstructure. Quasi-static tensile tests were performed at temperatures between −10 and 85 °C for the Q&P steel (0.28C-2.56Mn-1.56Si in wt.%), and between −10 and 115 °C for the medium manganese TRIP steel (0.14C-7.14Mn-0.23Si in wt.%). X-ray diffraction measurements as a function of strain were performed from interrupted tensile tests at all test temperatures. For the medium manganese TRIP steel, austenite stability increased significantly, serrated flow behavior changed, and tensile strength and elongation changed significantly with increasing temperature. For the Q&P steel, flow stress was mostly insensitive to temperature, uniform elongation decreased with increasing temperature, and austenite stability increased with increasing temperature. The Olson–Cohen model for the austenite-to-martensite transformation as a function of strain showed good agreement for the medium manganese TRIP steel data and fit most of the Q&P steel data above 1% strain.
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Chu, Jianhua, and Yanping Bao. "Volatilization Behavior of Manganese from Molten Steel with Different Alloying Methods in Vacuum." Metals 10, no. 10 (October 9, 2020): 1348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10101348.

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The volatilization loss of manganese during the vacuum smelting process is one of the key factors that determines the manufacturing cost and quality of manganese steel. In this study, the laboratory experiments and thermodynamic calculations were performed to investigate volatilization behavior of manganese from molten steels with different alloying methods in vacuum process. Based on the thermodynamic analysis, with the increase of manganese content, the partial vapor pressure of the manganese component increased, resulting in manganese being easily volatilized from molten steel. The carbon content in the steel shows an evident influence on partial vapor pressure of manganese component, and a higher carbon content in steel leads to a lower partial vapor pressure of manganese, but it not influenced by the silicon content. Compared with the alloying method of high carbon ferromanganese, the volatilization loss of manganese in the alloying method of silicon manganese presents faster decay, agreeing well with the thermodynamic analysis. Besides, the volatile fraction generated in the alloying method of high-carbon ferromanganese is composed of a large amount of MnO nanorods with a lateral length approximately 500 nm and a small number of Mn3O4/Mn nanoparticles with a diameter less than 500 nm. Additionally, the volatile fraction generated in the alloying method of silicon manganese shows Mn3O4 nanoparticles as the main phase. It can be inferred that the existence of the manganese oxide phase is attributed to the high chemical activity of nanoscale particles within air.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Manganese steel"

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Haakonsen, Fredrik. "Optimizing of Strømhard austenitic manganese steel." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for materialteknologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-5605.

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In the present doctoral thesis the focus has been on two different ways to achieve improvement of the mechanical properties of an austenitic manganese steel. One of them was to introduce substrate particles and see if this could nucleate grains during solidification, giving grain refinement. The other one was to add a strong carbide forming element to the alloy, and affect the mechanical properties by precipitating carbides in the microstructure. The base for the experiments was the steel Strømhard. Strømhard is a former patented steel produced by Scana Steel Stavanger AS. It is a modification of the Hadfield steels, and is used as a wear steel for typically handling and crushing rock and stone. As one of the main products of this company and with the expiration of the patent, an upgrade of this alloy was desired, to continue to be leading in this marked. Cerium was chosen as the most likely grain refinement addition. As a highly reactive compound, cerium reacts with oxygen and sulfur already in the melt, forming cerium oxides and -sulfides which acts as substrate particles for melted steel to solidify on. Different amounts of additions, some times in combination with aluminum, were performed. Grain refinement was obtained in a casting added cerium in combination with aluminum, in which CeO2 was the supposed substrate particle. To form carbides, vanadium was added in different amounts to form various alloys. Several heat treatments were carried out, to create a microstructure with increased resistance to abrasive wear, by precipitating carbides within the grains. Increased hardness with aging after austenitizing was detected, but most of these microstructures did not improve the wear resistance. Two heat treatment procedures seemed to give promising microstructures. One of these was the standard form of heat treatment for austenitic manganese steels, which left a portion of the vanadium carbides remaining in the microstructure, the other being the standard heat treatment followed by aging at 950 °C for 200 hours, giving evenly distributed carbides within the grains. However, neither of these treatments improved the wear properties.
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Cortez, Juliana 1984. "Construção e avaliação de um instrumento para espectroscopia de emissão em plasma induzido por laser (LIBS) : aplicação em ligas metalicas." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249949.

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Orientador: Celio Pasquini
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T16:03:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cortez_Juliana_M.pdf: 4343113 bytes, checksum: d1746c525a8d51ede4e8432a525eecf2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: Neste trabalho um instrumento LIBS com resolução temporal (TRELIBS) foi construído e seu desempenho foi avaliado para análise qualitativa e quantitativa. Além disso, este trabalho apresenta estudos exploratórios acerca da influência de parâmetros que afetam as análises em LIBS. O instrumento foi montado empregando-se óptica e sistema de detecção de última geração: um detector ICCD, um policromador echelle e um laser Q-switched de Nd:YAG. Três configurações do sistema LIBS foram avaliadas. No último arranjo do sistema, o pulso de laser era refletido por um espelho dicróico à 45º para uma lente de distância focal de 25 cm que focava o pulso de laser na superfície da amostra. A radiação foi coletada por uma lente de curta distância focal e depois enviada para o echelle, por uma fibra óptica, e posteriormente para o ICCD. Na análise qualitativa foram avaliados os espectros de uma placa de cobre e zinco, obtendo-se espectros condizentes com a literatura, de acordo com a resolução do echelle. Na avaliação quantitativa, determinou-se manganês em aços acalmados. O sistema apresentou resposta às diferentes concentrações de manganês em 293,30 nm e curvas analíticas foram obtidas. A energia do pulso de laser mostrou ser um fator determinante no desempenho da análise quantitativa. Outros parâmetros como tempo de integração do sinal, tempo de atraso, ganho do MCP, co-adição de pulsos e distância foco-amostra também mostraram ter influência na análise quantitativa. Imagens de MEV e mapeamentos de EDS das crateras formadas pelo laser foram ferramentas importantes para o entendimento do processo de interação laser-amostra-atmosfera
Abstract: In this work a time resolved LIBS instrument (TRELIBS) was built and its performance evaluated in qualitative and quantitative analysis. Additionally, exploratory studies are presented on the influence of parameters that affect the LIBS analysis. The instrument was built employing optical systems and devices of modern technology: an ICCD device, an echelle polychromator and an Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Three configurations of LIBS system were evaluated. In the last configuration, the laser pulse was reflected by a dicroic mirror at 45º to a lens of 25 cm focal distance that focused the laser pulse on the sample surface. The plasma emission was collected by a lens of short focal distance and sent to the echelle, through of an optical fiber, and later to the ICCD. In qualitative analysis, spectra of copper and zinc foils were evaluated and the spectral lines were found in agreement with literature, considering the echelle resolution. In quantitative analysis, manganese was determined in killed steel. The system presented signals at 293,30 nm whose intensities changes in function of manganese concentration and analytical curves were obtained. The laser pulse energy showed to be an important factor for the success of quantitative analysis. Others parameters such as width, delay time, MCP gain, accumulated laser pulses and distance sample-focusing lens also showed have influence in quantitative analysis. MEV images and surface scanner by EDS of the craters formed by laser were important tools to understanding laser-sample-atmosphere interaction processes
Mestrado
Quimica Analitica
Mestre em Química
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O'Brien, Timothy John. "Ductile fracture mechanisms in carbon manganese steel weld metals." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47209.

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Siafakas, Dimitrios. "On deoxidation practice and grain size of austenitic manganese steel." Licentiate thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH. Forskningsmiljö Material och tillverkning – Gjutning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-37788.

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The exceptional wear resistance and work hardenability, place Hadfield steel as one of themost important materials for manufacturing cast components used in the mining, crashing,drilling, and excavation industries. In all metallic alloys used for component casting, themechanical properties are highly influenced by the microstructure of the material. Castcomponents with finer microstructural characteristics are known to present bettermechanical properties and reduced risk of defects when compared with components witha coarser microstructure. A reduced grain size in Hadfield steel can increase the strengthof the material up to 30% and reduce the risk of porosity formation during solidification.The practice of adding selected compounds or alloying elements in a metal melt to modifyand refine the microstructure is called inoculation. It is currently one of the trendingmethods utilized in light-metal alloys and cast-iron components production but has not,yet, gained adequate acceptance in the steel casting industry because researchers have notbeen able to find proper inoculants.The main objective of this work is to investigate the qualitative and quantitativecharacteristics of the by-products of deoxidation of Hadfield steel that remain in thematerial after solidification and their positive or negative effect on the coarseness of thefinal as-cast microstructure. This type of research can help to identify the type of particlesor alloying elements that are most effective for refining the microstructure of austeniticsteels and pave the way for developing new or improving conventional deoxidation andinoculation processes that will, in turn, result in the improvement of the properties of thecomponent.The precipitation of particles and the as-cast grain size are studied in aluminum andtitanium deoxidized Hadfield steel samples acquired under pilot scale experimentalconditions. In the first part of this work, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics ofparticles such as type, morphology, composition amount and size are identified. Thesequence of precipitation is established. A model for predicting particle size and growth isdeveloped. The experimental results are compared against thermodynamic equilibriumcalculations and the precipitation mechanisms for each type of particles are described. Inthe second part, the as-cast grain size of samples with varying deoxidation treatments ismeasured. Then, the grain-size is correlated with certain particle characteristic and theparticles are ranked according to their ability to refine the microstructure. The particledisregistry with austenite is calculated and compared to the experimentally acquiredranking.
Hadfieldstålen exceptionella slitstyrkan och deformationshårdnande har gjort dessa till ettav de viktigaste materialen för tillverkning av gjutna komponenter som används inomgruv-, kross-, borr-och gruvindustrin. I alla metallegeringar som används för tillverkningav gjutna komponenter styrs de mekaniska egenskaperna av materialets mikrostruktur.Gjutna komponenter med fin mikrostruktur presentera bättre mekaniska egenskaper ochminskad risk för defekter jämfört med komponenter med grov mikrostruktur. En minskadkornstorlek i Hadfieldstål kan öka materialets hållfasthet upp till 30% och minska riskenför porositetsbildning vid stelning.Tillsatsning av spårämnen eller legeringselement i en metallsmälta för att modifiera ochförbättra mikrostrukturen kallas ympning. Denna metod används i lättmetaller och vidtillverkning av gjutjärnskomponenter, men har ännu inte fått acceptans i stålindustrineftersom forskningen inte har funnit effektiva kärnbildare att användas som ympmedel.Huvudsyftet med detta arbete är att undersöka kvalitativa och kvantitativa egenskaper hosde desoxideringsprodukter som skapas under tillverkningen av Hadfield stål och hur deunder och efter stelning påverkar mikrostrukturens grovlek. Arbetet syftar till att identifierapartikeltyper och legeringselement som är effektiva för att förfina den austenitiskamikrostrukturen och bana väg för utveckling nya och förbättra desoxiderings- ochympningsprocesser som i sin tur kommer att resultera i en förbättring av den gjutnakomponentens egenskaper.Partiklarnas utskiljning och materialet resulterande kornstorlek studerades i aluminiumochtitan-desoxidiserade Hadfieldstål, tillverkade i pilotskala. Den första delen av dettaarbete var att identifiera kvalitativa och kvantitativa egenskaper hosdesoxidationspartiklar, som typ, morfologi, sammansättning och storlek.Utskiljningssekvensen fastställdes. En modell för att förutsäga partikelstorlek och derastillväxt utvecklades. De experimentella resultaten jämfördes med termodynamiskajämviktberäkningar och utskiljningen för varje typ av partikel beskrevs. I den andra delenstuderades kornstorleken och hur denna varierade desoxideringsbehandlingen. Därefterkorrelerades kornstorleken med partikeltyp och dess karaktäristika och rangordnades efterderas förmåga att förfina mikrostrukturen. Partiklarnas kristallografiska missanpassningmot austenitens kristallstruktur beräknades och jämfördes med experimentellt fastställdarangordningen.
InDeGrainS I
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Knox, E. "Improved property control of hot rolled carbon manganese steel grades." Thesis, Swansea University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637816.

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The work is in the form of a project aimed at furthering the understanding of metallurgical interactions during the processing of hot rolled CMn (-Si) steel grades. The aim has been achieved through a number of complimentary investigations. Through-coil mechanical testing and metallographic examination, coupled with detailed analyses of relevant process parameters, have highlighted the typical properties and property variations within Corus' CMn (-Si) products. Deformation dilatometry experiments have allowed the transformation behaviour of CMn (-Si) compositions to be assessed and compared with that predicted by transformation theory. Laboratory-scale rolling and cooling experiments have demonstrated the effects of composition and process variations on steel properties. These combined discoveries have contributed to a deeper understanding of the metallurgy of CMn (-Si) steel manufacture. The project has illustrated where product design changes can contribute to enhanced properties, helping Corus to ensure the long-term success of its CMn (-Si) steels within the automotive market.
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Inegbenebor, A. O. "Structure-property relationships in some iron-manganese-molybdenum steels." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380862.

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Mei, Nanxuan. "Characterization of Stainless Steel Welding Fume Particles : Influence of Stainless Steel Grade, Welding Parameters and Particle Size." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189203.

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Welding is a widely used method to join two pieces of stainless steel. Since it produces a large amount of fume during the process, it can cause adverse health effects. The welding fume particles contain many elements. Among them Cr, Mn and Ni are of concern. These three elements can cause diseases if inhaled by humans, especially Cr(VI). In this project, welding fume particles are collected during welding of different stainless steel grades (austenitic AISI 304L and duplex LDX2101). Furthermore, different welding types (manual metal arc welding and metal active gas welding), shielding gas (MISON 2, MISON 18 and CORGON 18) and welding electrodes were varied (solid and flux cored wire). The particles were tested by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The composition of the particles was measured and the surface chemical speciation estimated. In addition, metal release (Fe, Cr, Mn, and Ni) in phosphate buffered saline solution (pH 7.4, 37℃, 24h) from the particles was tested. Fe, Cr and Mn were found on the surface of the particles and released to different extent in the phosphate buffered saline solution (dominated by Cr).
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Ahlin, Heikkinen Daniel, and Jacob Holmberg-Kasa. "Direkt släckning efter uppslag." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20416.

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Målet med denna undersökning är att minska energiförbrukningen vid framställning av gjutna detaljer i austenitiskt manganstål. Detta görs genom att undersöka om det är materialmässigt möjligt att göra förändringar som förkortar framställningsprocessen av de gjutna detaljerna medan snarlika materialegenskaper bibehålls. Den processförändring som undersöks är att slopa upplösningsbehandlingen under framställningsprocessen genom att istället släcka den gjutna detaljen direkt efter uppslag från gjutform. Konkret innebär detta att detaljen slås upp och släcks vid ett tidigare och tidsbestämt skede. Detta tillvägagångssätt kallas inom metallindustrin för direkt släckning och appliceras idag på andra legeringar och tillverkningsprocesser.För att undersöka om det är materialtekniskt möjligt att genomföra denna förändring i framställningsprocessen tas provkroppar fram. Dessa provkroppar är av en förbestämd geometri och tas fram under kontrollerade förutsättningar. Av totalt nio provkroppar släcks sex provkroppar direkt medan tre genomgår upplösningsbehandling där de senast nämnda används som referenser. Provkropparna undersöks med metoder så som mikroskopi och hårdhetsmätning för att bestämma de relevanta materialegenskaperna i provkropparna. Undersökningen visar antydningar på att det är möjligt att införa direkt släckning. Detta eftersom kornstorlek och karbidandelar inte skiljer sig nämnvärt mellan direkt släckta och värmebehandlade prover som har undersökts i denna studie. Men för ett mer definitivt fastställande behövs fortsatta studier.
The aim of this study is to reduce the energy consumed during manufacturing of parts in manganese steel. This is done by determining the possibility to make changes that shortens the production process of the castings while keeping the material properties similar. The process change that is studied is to see if it is possible to skip the heat treatment process by quenching directly after shake out of the casting. This means that the casted product needs to be shaken out and quenched at an earlier and more specific time. This process is known in the metal industry as direct quenching and is by the time of writing applied on different alloys and manufacturing processes.To determine the possibility to make the aforementioned changes to the casting process, taking the material properties into account, sample bodies are created. These sample bodies are of a predetermined geometry and are manufactured under controlled circumstances. From a total of nine sample bodies six are directly quenched and three are put through a heat treatment process, the later mentioned bodies are used as references. The sample bodies are studied with methods such as microscopy and hardness testing. In this study there are indications that it is possible to introduce direct quencing in the production of details made of austenitic manganese steel. This is because the difference in grain size and fraction of carbides is small between the direct quenched and the heat treated samples in this study. Nevertheless, further studies needs to be made to make a more definitive conclusion.
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Mills, Duncan John. "The tribological behaviour of a high nitrogen manganese austenitic stainless steel." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26222.

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The tribological behaviour of two experimental alloys, namely a high nitrogen manganese austenitic stainless steel and a vanadium micro-alloyed stainless steel is compared to the tribological behaviour of standard stainless steels AISI 304 and AISI 316 and to the wear resistant steel, Hadfields manganese steel. The wear tests performed on these steels were abrasion, abrasion-corrosion and cavitation erosion. The high nitrogen alloy contained 0.63wt% nitrogen and 0.83wt% nickel and was found to have mechanical properties superior to the other steels studied in this thesis. This alloy was also subject to cold deformation and strain ageing and the wear resistance of the material in these different conditions was measured. No mechanical testing was performed on the vanadium micro-alloyed steel because of specimen size constraints. Hardness tests were performed on the high nitrogen alloy after deformation and ageing treatments at different temperatures for different times and the results show an improvement in hardness. Under abrasion Hadfields manganese steel has the best abrasion resistance followed by the vanadium micro-alloyed steel, the high nitrogen alloy and then AISI 316 and AISI 304. The abrasion-corrosion results show that the vanadium micro-alloyed steel and the high nitrogen alloy have the best abrasion-corrosion resistance followed by AISI 316 and AISI 304 and lastly Hadfields manganese steel. The high nitrogen stainless steel shows a decrease in the abrasion resistance with an increase in the amount of prior cold deformation. Strain ageing is found to have no effect on the abrasion resistance. This is in contrast to the results for cavitation erosion where there is an improvement in the cavitation erosion resistance with an increase in the amount of cold deformation. Strain ageing improves the cavitation resistance especially when material with between 16% and 48% prior cold deformation is strain aged Abrasion-corrosion was not performed on the processed material as the test is not sensitive enough to record any differences. For the vanadium micro-alloyed steel it is seen that despite there being an improvement in the hardness of the alloy with increased ageing time there is no corresponding increase in the abrasion resistance. With regard to cavitation erosion resistance, ageing treatments at 700°C lead to an improvement in the steady state erosion rate and an increase in the incubation time. After ageing at 900°C the steady state erosion rate shows no change whilst the incubation time increases.
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Sutton, Benjamin James. "Solidification Behavior and Hot Cracking Susceptibility of High Manganese Steel Weld Metals." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366302517.

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Books on the topic "Manganese steel"

1

Kondrati͡uk, S. E. Razrushenie litoĭ margant͡sovistoĭ stali. Kiev: Nauk. dumka, 1987.

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Ver Matrix 4: Resurrecciones | Película Completa [2021] En Español Latino. High manganese austenitic steels: Proceedings of a Conference on Manganese Containing Stainless Steels, held in conjunction with ASM's Materials Week '87, Cincinnati, Ohio, 10-15 October 1987. [Metals Park, Ohio]: ASM International, 1987.

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Łaskawiec, Jan. Oddziaływanie zjawisk strukturalnych na proces utleniania stali chromowo-manganowych w atmosferze powietrza. Gliwice: Dział Wydawnictw Politechniki Śląskiej, 1988.

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McIntosh, Synthia N. Recovery of manganese from steel plant slag by carbamate leaching. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1992.

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McIntosh, Synthia N. Recovery of manganese from steel plant slag by carbamate leaching. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1992.

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Lis, Jadwiga. Mikrosegregacja manganu w stalach niskowęglowych w trakcie obróbki cieplnej. Częstochowa: Wydawn. WIPMiFS, 2005.

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Rees, G. I. The development of a solidification cracking test for carbon-manganese steel laser welds. Cambridge: TWI, 1996.

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Yanaguita, Éder. Minero-siderurgia. Campo Grande, MS: Editora UFMS, 2004.

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Ciaś, Andrzej. Development and properties of Fe-Mn-(Mo)-(Cr)-C sintered structural steels. Kraków: Wydawnictwa AGH, 2004.

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Oh, Je M. Structural stability and oxidation resistance of substitute alloys with various Cr and Mn levels. Washington, DC: Dept. of the Interior, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Manganese steel"

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Chan, J. W., and J. W. Morris. "Cryogenic Mechanical Properties of High-Manganese Steel Weldments." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 97–102. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9871-4_11.

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Mizoguchi, T., S. Yamamoto, J. Tsukuda, and M. Akamatsu. "Fatigue Behavior of High-manganese Steel at Cryogenic Temperature." In Advanced Materials for Severe Service Applications, 273–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3445-0_18.

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Mei, Y. Q., J. S. Pei, B. Zhu, and Y. S. Zhang. "Nondestructive Testing of Medium Manganese Steel Based on Barkhausen." In Atlantis Highlights in Materials Science and Technology, 408–13. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-114-2_54.

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Snyder, J. R. "HDM Model Magnet Mechanical Behavior with High Manganese Steel Collars." In Supercollider 5, 217–20. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2439-7_51.

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Okuda, K., T. Ishikawa, T. Omori, and R. Kainuma. "Texture Evolutions in Annealing Process for Medium Manganese Steel Sheets." In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth (ReX&GG 2016), 65–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48770-0_10.

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Okuda, K., K. Okuda, T. Ishikawa, T. Omori, and R. Kainuma. "Texture Evolutions in Annealing Process for Medium Manganese Steel Sheets." In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth (ReX&GG 2016), 63–70. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119328827.ch10.

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Takeda, Takashi, Takashi Hiraide, and Keiji Ueda. "Safety Evaluation of the High Manganese Steel LNG SPB® Tank." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 715–28. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4672-3_44.

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Jiang, Mingyue, Chuanjun Huang, Yuguo Chai, Meiyan Liu, Zhicong Miao, Rongjin Huang, and Laifeng Li. "Low-Temperature Tensile and Impact Properties of Fe24Mn0.45C High-Manganese Steel." In Proceedings of the 28th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference and International Cryogenic Materials Conference 2022, 1095–100. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6128-3_142.

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Berezovskiy, A., and V. Berezovskaya. "The Formation of Eutectic Phases at the Crystallization of High-Manganese Steel." In Advanced Methods and Technologies in Metallurgy in Russia, 85–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66354-8_11.

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Chen, Huabiao, Mujun Long, Wenjie He, Dengfu Chen, Huamei Duan, and Yunwei Huang. "Manganese Influence on Equilibrium Partition Coefficient and Phase Transformation in Peritectic Steel." In TMS 2018 147th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, 419–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72526-0_40.

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Conference papers on the topic "Manganese steel"

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Park, Jeong-Yeol, and Myung-Hyun Kim. "A Comparison of Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Crack Propagation Characteristics of High Manganese and Nickel Steels." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77247.

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Recently, demands for liquefied natural gas (LNG) are increased by developing countries such as China, India and Middle East area. In addition, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) reinforced regulations to avoid the serious environmental pollution. This trend has led to manufacturing and operating various LNG vessels such as liquefied natural gas carrier (LNGC), floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) and very large gas carrier (VLGC). In the design of LNG vessels, the structural integrity of LNG storage tank is of significant importance to satisfy the service conditions. In order to secure structural integrity, LNG storage tank is fabricated with low temperature materials. In general, low temperature materials such as SUS304L, Invar alloy, Al 5083-O, nickel alloy steel and high manganese steel exhibit excellent fatigue and fracture performances at cryogenic temperature. In particular, high manganese steel has attracted interest because they are potentially less expensive than the competing other low temperature materials. This study compares the fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth characteristics of high manganese steel with those of nickel steels. In addition, fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth rate tests for various nickel steels are conducted according to BS 7448 and ASTM E647, respectively. In order to obtain less conservative design values, the results of high manganese steel and various nickel steels were compared to those of BS7910. As a result, the CTOD value of high manganese steel is higher than that of 9% nickel steel at cryogenic temperature. In case of FCGR, the high manganese steel and 9% nickel steel are found to be similar to each other.
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Mellon, Brian, Douglas R. McCain, and Raymond M. Post. "Mitigating Manganese-Induced Pitting Failures on a Stainless Steel Surface Condenser." In ASME 2006 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2006-88119.

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In early 2005, the 4-unit, 1200 MW Cottonwood Energy facility on the Sabine River in Deweyville, TX experienced a sudden increase in condenser tube failures and eddy current pit indications. Metallurgical analysis of failed tube specimens revealed the presence of a thin, hard manganese-rich coating, with intense pits propagating at breaks in the deposit. Successful mitigation of manganese-induced pitting and repassivation of the condenser tubes requires that the surface and pits first be thoroughly cleaned prior to implementing a manganese deposit control program. This paper reviews the successful cleaning process developed and implemented by Cottonwood Energy to remove manganese deposits from four stainless steel surface condensers. The cleaning procedure employed several novel features to ensure complete manganese removal, minimize environmental impact, reduce costs, control attack on the base tube metal, and ensure personnel safety. The paper also includes a discussion of corrective actions taken to prevent re-occurrence.
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Fukunaga, Kazuhiro, Rikio Chijiiwa, Yoshiyuki Watanabe, Akihiko Kojima, Yoshihide Nagai, Nobuhiko Mamada, Toshihiko Adachi, et al. "Advanced Titanium Oxide Steel With Excellent HAZ Toughness for Offshore Structures." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20319.

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The feature of titanium oxide steel (Ti-O steel) is that heat affected zone (HAZ) toughness is improved due to the refinement of HAZ microstructure through the formation of intragranular ferrite (IGF). This desirable microstructure, IGF, forms radially from titanium oxide particles. Recently, it has been clarified that manganese in Ti-O steel is an indispensable element for the formation of IGF. Therefore, manganese effects on Ti-O steel have been basically studied in this work, and then a new effect has been found. In Ti-O steel, manganese has the effect of suppressing the formation of ferrite side plates (FSP), which are undesirable due to their coarseness. Consequently, HAZ microstructure of Ti-O steel with high manganese content is so refined that HAZ toughness is remarkably improved. Based on the manganese effects, steel plates with excellent HAZ toughness for offshore structures have been developed and commercially mass-produced. The welded joints exhibit excellent toughness.
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Kumar, N., and P. Varshney. "Surface Characteristics of High-Manganese TRIP (Fe39Mn20Co20Cr15Si5Al1) Steel." In AISTech 2021. AIST, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33313/382/196-22014-260.

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Kumar, N., and P. Varshney. "Surface Characteristics of High-Manganese TRIP (Fe39Mn20Co20Cr15Si5Al1) Steel." In AISTech 2021. AIST, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33313/382/096.

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Sagiyama, Masaru, Takayuki Urakawa, Takeshi Adaniya, and Tomihiro Hara. "Zinc-Manganese Alloy Electroplated Steel for Automotive Body." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/860268.

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da Silva Lima, M. N. "Microstructural and corrosion study of a “non-comercial” high manganese steel." In Superplasticity in Advanced Materials. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902615-37.

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Abstract. High-Mn steels have great plasticity when subjected to deformation due to TWIP or TRIP effects. This work evaluated the microstructural evolution, the formation of the -Martensite phase taking into account the hot rolling of 80-60% and the solution annealing. Afterwards, microstructures were analyzed by SEM. Volume fraction of the Austenite and -Martensite phases were measured by EBSD technique. The steel obtained low energy levels of stacking fault, favoring the effect TRIP. Corrosion resistance in 0.1M NaCl solution was analyzed by open potential circuit and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The analysis of the curves and the surface of the steel after the polarization tests showed that the steel with less strain had relatively nobler potential than the steel with more strain.
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Verma, Neerav, Andrew Wasson, Zhen Li, Harpreet Sidhar, Xin Yue, Haiping He, HyunWoo Jin, Shiun Ling, HyunJo Jun, and Adnan Ozekcin. "High Manganese Steel HMS Technology for Mooring Chains Application." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/29246-ms.

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PODANÝ, Pavel, Michal DUCHEK, and Tomáš STUDECKÝ. "Heat Treatment of Low Carbon High Manganese TWIP Steel." In METAL 2019. TANGER Ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2019.867.

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Klimov, Alexander, and Vladimir Nevidimov. "Manganese behavior in the Hadfield steel production by remelting." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURING AND METALLURGY (ICIMM 2021). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0075422.

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Reports on the topic "Manganese steel"

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Klueh, R. L. Tensile behavior of irradiated manganese-stabilized stainless steel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/414884.

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Williams, D. N., and W. A. Maxey. NG-18-145-R01 Evaluation of an X70 Low-Carbon Bainitic-Steel Pipe. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011900.

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Evaluates the material properties of low-carbon bainitic-steel pipe with microalloying of titanium and boron in high manganese steel. Strain aging and stepwise hydrogen-induced cracking were also evaluated.
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Williams, D., and W. Maxey. NR198506 Evaluation of an X70 Low-Carbon Bainitic-Steel Pipe. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), October 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011411.

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A 24-inch-diameter x 0.75-inch-wall X70 low-carbon bainitic-steel pipe was evaluated to obtain an independent measurement of pipe properties and to examine metallurgical characteristics that may affect behavior in gas-transmission service. The steel from which the pipe was produced was processed using advanced steelmaking methods to insure cleanliness but apparently was not treated for sulfide shape control since no sour gas exposure in service was anticipated. Primary microalloying additions in this high manganese steel, other than columbium, were titanium and boron. Titanium was added to form a TiN dispersion during continuous casting to aid in the control of austenite grain size during slab rolling. Boron was added to suppress the transformation of austenite to ferrite or pearlite during and following controlled rolling, so as to promote formation of bainite. Heavy controlled rolling at temperatures below the austenite recrystallization temperature, and finish rolling at temperatures perhaps as low as 1290 F were used to develop a very fine grain size in the bainite.
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Leis. L51845 Database of Mechanical and Toughness Properties of Pipe. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010150.

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�The lower-strength grades of steel used for transmission pipelines into the 60s were much like those used in other steel construction in that era. These steels gained strength by traditional hardening mechanisms through chemistry changes, largely involving carbon and manganese additions. Improvement of these grades, primarily through control of ingot chemistry and steel processing, became necessary when running brittle fracture was identified as a failure mechanism in gas-transmission pipelines in the late 50s. Eventually, this avenue to increasing strength was exhausted for pipeline applications because this approach causes increased susceptibility to hydrogen-related cracking mechanisms as strength increases. For this reason, modern steels differ significantly from their predecessors in several ways, with the transition from traditional C-Mn ferrite-pearlite steels beginning in the mid 60s with the introduction of high-strength-low-alloy (HSLA) steels. This report presents the results of projects, PR-3-9606 and PR-3-9737, both of which were planned as multi-year projects. The first of these projects initially was conceived to provide broad evaluation of the fitness-for-service of wrinkle bends while the second was conceived to generate mechanical and fracture properties data for use in the integrity analysis of both the pipe body and weld seams in modern gas-transmission pipeline systems. As possible duplication between a joint industry project and the PRCI project became apparent, this project was scaled back to focus on properties of steels used in construction involving wrinkle bends. Consideration also was given to a more modern steel such as might be found in ripple bends, which are formed in bending machines that now have become widely used. The second project likewise was reduced in scope, with a focus on only the pipe body. Because both projects ended being centered on mechanical and fracture properties, both are presented in this combination report.
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Zorba, Vassilia. A comparison on several calibration strategies for the determination of manganese contents in low-alloy steel by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1577441.

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Hu, W. L., and D. S. Gelles. Charpy impact behavior of manganese-stabilized martensitic steels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6138892.

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Strum, M. J. Control of cryogenic intergranular fracture in high-manganese austenitic steels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6738367.

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Vigilante, Gregory N. Development of an Accelerated Hydrogen Embrittlement Test for Manganese Phosphated Steels. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada589030.

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L51599 The Significance of Local Hard Zones on Outside of Girth Welds. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010097.

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In petrochemical and oil and gas production plant the presence of sour H2S containing environments poses problems with regard to material behavior. The corrosion reaction between H2S and steel produces atomic hydrogen, which enters the steel and may, for example, lead to hydrogen pressure cracking (HPC) if steel quality is such that inclusion levels promote the entrapment of hydrogen gas. Fortunately this problem may be readily controlled by attention to steel cleanliness. A potentially more serious problem relating to sour environments is sulphide stress cracking (SSC), when the presence of hydrogen may lead to stress corrosion cracking in a susceptible material. In carbon-manganese steels, susceptibility to SSC is associated with a hardened microstructure and control of the problem therefore requires limitations on material hardness. This is especially important in welded structures where the rapid cooling associated with welding may lead to a hardened heat affected zone (HAZ), together with significant residual welding stress. To determine to what extent a relaxation in external hardness could be possible, The Welding Institute proposed a program of work to study the influence of hardness and stress levels on the cracking propensity of GMA welds in pipeline steel. The project was to be carried out in two phases: in the first, the hardness limit for internal GMA bead on pipe welds (simulating weld root regions) was to be determined in a sour (NACE) solution; in Phase 2, external bead on pipe welds (simulating weld cap regions) would be assessed, again with the sour environment on the inside of the pipe. This report presents the results of both phases of the study. In order to study the influence of wall thickness on cracking behavior, seamless pipe materials to API-5L-X52 specification were obtained in 408 mm (16 in) diameter with nominal wall thickness of 9.5, 12.7, 19.0 and 25.4 mm (0.37, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 in). Chemical analysis results are given. The materials were supplied in accordance with NACE MR-01-75 hardness specifications (22 HRC max), although no additional requirements were specified. Pipe B, which was obtained from a different supplier to the remaining pipes, had significantly higher sulfur content. Some variations existed between parent material microstructures, although all may be considered typical of the grade of steel. This program seeks to determine the threshold hardness level for sour service of as-deposited (un re-heated) weldment regions in the capping pass of girth welds in pipeline steel. Assessment has been made by comparing the cracking behavior in the NACE TM-01-77 test environment of internal and external single pass welds produced with a range of conditions by the GMAW process.
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