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Academic literature on the topic 'Manganite X-rays'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Manganite X-rays"

1

Akram, Khush Bakhat, M. S. Dar, Faheem-ul-Hassan, and M. Anis-ur-Rehman. "Synthesis and AC Electrical Characterization of Co Doped Bismuth Manganite Nanoparticles." Key Engineering Materials 510-511 (May 2012): 527–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.510-511.527.

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Multiferroic bismuth manganites (BiMnO3) possess both ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties. Their electrical properties can be controlled by doping for useful applications. In this work single-phase cobalt doped bismuth manganite nanoparticles having general formula BiMn1-xCoxO3(x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) were synthesized by co-precipitation method. Structural properties like lattice parameters and crystallite size of samples were determined by the data obtained by X-rays diffraction. The dielectric constant (ε) and dielectric loss tangent (tanδ) of samples were investigated as a function of frequency from 20Hz-3MHz using ac measurement data. For all the compositions dielectric constant was decreased with increasing frequency, however it increased with the increase in cobalt content. However cobalt addition causes a decrease in loss tangent as compared to pure BiMnO3composition. The origin of this behavior is discussed in terms of Maxwell-Wagner and Koops model. Substitution of Mn with Co, in BiMnO3-based compounds is supposed to cause better properties in terms of tangent loss.

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WILKINS, STUART B., PETER D. HATTON, KLAUS-DIETER LISS, M. OHLER, T. KATSUFUJI, and S. W. CHEONG. "HIGH-RESOLUTION HIGH ENERGY X-RAY DIFFRACTION STUDIES OF CHARGE ORDERING IN CMR MANGANITES AND NICKELATES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 14, no. 29n31 (December 20, 2000): 3753–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979200004301.

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High-resolution, high-energy, X-ray diffraction results are presented for the study of weak charge ordering phenomenon. By utilizing X-rays in the 100 keV region the dramatic increase in the penetration depth allows for both bulk-sensitive and high-resolution measurements to be made. The strontium doped La 2 NiO 4 system is a prototypical system in the understanding of strong electron-phonon coupling, and the resultant effects on material properties. At doping levels of 1/3 and 1/2 commensurate charge modulations are observed indicating real-space charge stripes. We have measured the correlation lengths of these charge stripes using both 100 keV X-rays and 8.3 keV X-rays. In comparing our results we have observed that the charge stripes appear to be well correlated in the near-surface region with correlation lengths ξ≈2400Å. However, our bulk sensitive measurements show that the charge stripes appear in a possible stripe glass phase with a correlation length of only ξ≈300Å. Our measurements on the 3D charge order manganite system Nd 0.5 Sr 0.5 MnO 3 show that the charge ordering appears to be well correlated in the bulk of the sample in contrast to our nickelate results.

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Adeoye, Akintola Ojo, Najime Tavershima, Danladi Bello Abubakar, Ogunleye Paul Olusegun, and Abubakar Ismail Yusuf. "Petrochemical Features of Manganese Nodules in Madaka (Sheet 142) SE and Part of Kwana - Bala (Sheet 142) NE, Nigeria." Sumerianz Journal of Scientific Research, no. 43 (July 24, 2021): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjsr.43.52.59.

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Manganese nodule occurs in Madaka (Sheet 142) SE and part of Kwana - Bala (Sheet 142) NE, Nigeria. Four (4) samples of manganese nodules were analyzed petrochemical using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), reflected light microscopy, Electron probe micro analysis (EPMA), Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). XRD reveals sphalerite, manganates and ilmenite as major minerals in the nodules. Accessory minerals are siderite and rutile. Chemical study of the manganese nodules from Madaka and Kwana - Bala reveals that Mn-, Fe-, Co-, Ni-, and Cu-, minerals (including native elements and sulfides) commonly occur in the samples. Also, the results indicate that increased in Mn relative to the manganite content (10AO- plus 7AO), led to increase in Ni and Cu recovery. However, slightly greater amounts by weight of Ni and Cu were dissolved from the manganites than from Mn. This followed from the much higher Ni and Cu contents of manganites relative to Mn. The exploration for Ni and Cu from nodules on assay criterion was inadequate; the sphalerite Mn02 phase structure would also be a necessary criterion. It was suggested that nodules could be processed upon beneficiation for Ni and Cu contents for a future time relative to the original processing. It was thus proposed that Ni and Cu could be produced from manganese nodules in the study area.

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Kuma, Kenshi, Akira Usui, William Paplawsky, Benjamin Gedulin, and Gustaf Arrhenius. "Crystal structures of synthetic 7 Å and 10 Å manganates substituted by mono- and divalent cations." Mineralogical Magazine 58, no. 392 (September 1994): 425–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1994.058.392.08.

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AbstractThe crystal structures of synthetic 7 Å and 10 Å manganates, synthetic birnessite and buserite, substituted by mono- and divalent cations were investigated by X-ray and electron diffractions. The monoclinic unit cell parameters of the subcell of lithium 7 Å manganate, which is one of the best ordered manganates, were obtained by computing the X-ray powder diffraction data: a = 5.152 Å, b = 2.845 Å, c = 7.196 Å, β = 103.08°. On the basis of the indices obtained by computing the X-ray diffraction data of Li 7 Å manganate, monovalent Na, K and Cs and divalent Be, Sr and Ba 7 Å manganates were interpreted as the same monoclinic structure with β = 100–103° as that of Li 7 Å manganate, from their X-ray diffraction data. In addition, divalent Mg, Ca and Ni 10 Å manganates were also interpreted as the same monoclinic crystal system with β = 90–94° The unit cell parameters, especially a, c and β, change possibly with the type of substituent cation probably because of the different ionic radius, hydration energy and molar ratio of substituent cation to manganese. However, these diffraction data, except for those of Sr and Ba 7 Å and Ca and Ni 10 Å manganates, reveal only some parts of the host manganese structure with the edge-shared [MnO6] octahedral layer. On the other hand, one of the superlattice reflections observed in the electron diffractions was found in the X-ray diffraction lines for heavier divalent cations Sr and Ba 7 Å and Ca and Ni 10 Å manganates. The reflection presumably results from the substituent cation position in the interlayer which is associated with the vacancies in the edge-shared [MnO6] layer and indicates that the essential vacancies are linearly arranged parallel to the b-axis. Furthermore, the characteristic superlattice reflection patterns for several cations, Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Ni, manganates were interpreted that the substituent cations are regularly distributed in the interlayer according to the exchange percentage of substituent cation to Na+. In contrast, the streaking in the a-direction observed strongly in the electron diffractions for heavier monovalent cations, K and Cs, manganates probably results from the disordering of their cations in the a-direction in the interlayer.

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Kasenov, B. K. "SYNTHESIS AND X-RAY INVESTIGATION OF NOVEL NANOSTRUCTURED COPPER-ZINC MANGANITES OF LANTHANUM AND ALKALI METALS." Eurasian Physical Technical Journal 18, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021no1/29-33.

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The aim of this work is to synthesize new nanostructured copper-zinc lanthanum and alkaline metal manganites. Polycrystalline copper-zinc manganites of lanthanum and alkali metals were synthesized by the method of ceramic technology from lanthanum (III), copper (II), zinc (II), manganese (III) oxides, and lithium, sodium, and potassium carbonates in the range of 800-1200 oC. Nanostructured particles were obtained by grinding the synthesized polycrystalline compounds at the «MM301» vibration mill of «Retsch» (Germany). By indexing X-ray images of nanostructured copper-zinc lanthanum and alkaline metal manganites, it was found that they crystallize in cubic syngony. Their lattice parameters are determined. There is a pattern in the change of the lattice parameters from the ionic radii of alkaline metals.

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Hashemi, T., and A. W. Brinkman. "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of nickel manganese oxide thermistors." Journal of Materials Research 7, no. 5 (May 1992): 1278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.1278.

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The major problem in the NiMn2O4 system has been the determination of the valencies and the cation distribution between the two sublattices of the inverse spinel structure, in which both manganese and nickel can adopt more than one valence state. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to elucidate the valence distribution of the manganese and nickel ions. The results showed that identification of the three Mn and two Ni species in the nickel manganite phase is possible, enabling the validity of crystal structure configurations, proposed in the literature, to be assessed. A small amount of copper, added as CuO to the system, was found to be present in both monovalent and divalent states, the Cu+ ions inducing the creation of the large amount of tetravalent Mn observed. This led to a larger number of sites for electron hopping, the mechanism of conduction, and consequently the electrical conductivity of the Cu doped material is much higher than the undoped NiMn2O4.

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Zhu, J. L., R. C. Yu, F. Y. Li, C. Q. Jin, and Z. Zhang. "Study of phase components of La1.5Ca1.5Mn2O7." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 7 (July 2001): 2027–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0277.

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The manganate with nominal composition La1.5Ca1.5Mn2O7, which is regarded as a single-phase compound with layered perovskite structure in the literature, was prepared using a standard ceramic process. The structures and morphology of the manganate were investigated by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis. However, no direct evidence of layered Sr3Ti2O7-type structure was observed in TEM experiments; instead, we observed multiphase mixtures of an orthorhombically distorted perovskite phase as majority and cubic perovskite phase as minority, as well as a small amount of calcium oxide. The measured magnetic and transport properties of this manganate arise mainly from the presence of hole-doped multiphase perovskite manganates. These physical properties demonstrated again the correctness of our phase component analysis.

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Battault, T., R. Legros, and A. Rousset. "Aging of iron manganite negative temperature coefficient thermistors." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 5 (May 1998): 1238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0176.

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“Aging,” defined as the drift of resistance with temperature after 1000 h, was investigated for iron manganite temperature coefficient thermistors. For these devices, aging is relatively large, about 10%. The cationic distributions before and after aging were determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy. These distributions explain all the x-ray diffraction and correlated electrical data. The origin of the aging observed on iron manganites thermistors has been identified. It is due to the migration of Fe3+ ions from tetrahedral to octahedral sites of the spinel structure in order to reach a structural equilibrium.

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Min, Soyoung, and Yeongkyoo Kim. "Physicochemical Characteristics of the Birnessite and Todorokite Synthesized Using Various Methods." Minerals 10, no. 10 (October 5, 2020): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10100884.

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The synthesis methods used to produce todorokite (10 Å manganate, OMS-1) and birnessite (7 Å manganate), which are abundant in marine manganese nodules, have been studied to confirm whether pure mineral phases can be obtained and to compare their physicochemical characteristics. The physicochemical characteristics of todorokite and its precursor Na–birnessite can vary widely based on the precursors used during their synthesis. Birnessite can be synthesized via three mechanisms, i.e., the oxidation of Mn2+, a redox reaction between Mn2+ and MnO4−, or the reduction of MnO4−. Herein, four precursors are used to synthesize birnessite using different methods before being transformed into todorokite. The characteristics of the birnessite and todorokite synthesized using different methods are investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemical analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Based on the method used, birnessite and todorokite exhibit distinct physicochemical features, including crystallinity, crystal structure, specific surface area, oxidation state of manganese, thermal stability, and morphology. Thus, the characteristics of birnessite and todorokite are closely correlated, indicating the importance of designing suitable methods to synthesize them for specific applications.

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ASOKAN, K., K. V. R. RAO, J. C. JAN, J. W. CHIOU, W. F. PONG, RAVI KUMAR, SHAHID HUSAIN, and J. P. SRIVASTAVA. "ELECTRONIC STRUCTURES OF La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 AND La0.7Ce0.3MnO3 BY X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY." Surface Review and Letters 09, no. 02 (April 2002): 1053–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x02003330.

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Electronic structures of hole-doped and electron hole-doped manganites, La 0.7 Ca 0.3 MnO 3 and La 0.7 Ce 0.3 MnO 3, have been elucidated by X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra of O K- and Mn L3,2-edges. In the electron-doped system, La 0.7 Ce 0.3 MnO 3, the spectral features of O K-edge spectra are shifted by ~ 1 eV towards the higher energy side and reduction of Mn valency from 4+ and 3+ to 3+ and 2+ is expected when compared to hole-doped manganite. The XANES of Ce M5,4-edges indicates a tetravalent state for Ce, similar to that in CeO 2. Ce 4+ is incorporated into the lattice of LaMnO 3, resulting in the modification of MnO 6 octahedra and also indicating strong hybridization of Ce 5d and/or Ce 4f states with O 2p states.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Manganite X-rays"

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Geck, Jochen. "Spins, charges, and orbitals in perovskite manganites : resonant and hard x-ray scattering studies /." Berlin : Mensch & Buch Verl, 2004. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0804/2007464041.html.

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Turner, Joshua J. "Probing dynamics of complex ordered phases in colossal magnetoresistive transition-metal oxides using coherent resonant soft x-ray scattering. /." Connect to title online (Scholar's Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7506.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 200-207). Also available online in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.

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Johnstone, Graeme Eoin. "Neutron and X-ray scattering study of magnetic manganites." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a19f8d08-8468-489d-a959-1002af0c9dec.

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This thesis presents three investigations of the magnetic and electronic proper- ties of manganese oxide materials. The investigations are performed using a variety of neutron scattering and x-ray scattering techniques. The electronic ground-state of Pr(Sr_0.1 Ca_0.9)₂ Mn₂O₇ an antiferromagnet with CE-type ordering, is determined using neutron spectroscopy, as opposed to the more usual approach of using diffraction. The Zener polaron model of the elec- tronic ground state of the CE-type magnetic phase is shown to be unsuitable for this material. The ground-state is shown to agree well with the electronic ground state proposed by Goodenough in the 1950’s, but without significant Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺ disproportionation. The distribution of the magnetisation density within the unit cell of the CE-type antiferromagnet La_0.5Sr_1.5MnO₄ is determined from a polarised neutron diffraction experiment by analysing the results with the maximum entropy method. The majority of the magnetisation density is found to be located at the Mn site. The investigation shows tentative evidence of a small magnetic moment on the in-plane O site. However, a larger moment is observed at both the La/Sr site and the out-of-plane O site. The magnetic structure of the magnetoelectric multiferroic DyMn₂O₅ is inves- tigated using resonant magnetic x-ray scattering. The magnetic structure is shown to be similar to other members of the RMn₂O₅ series of multiferroics, but with the key difference that the magnetic moments are closely aligned parallel with the crystallographic b-axis, in contrast to the usual observation of the moments being close to parallel with the a-axis. This study also shows evidence that the electrical polarisation has a significant contribution from the valence electrons of the O ions, agreeing with previous work.

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Kötschau, Immo. "In situ x-ray study of orthorhombic lithium manganese oxide." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24175.pdf.

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Mohameden, Ahmed O. "Mild chemical H-insertion into γ-manganese dioxides." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2001. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13378/.

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About a hundred samples of y-manganese dioxide covering three materials coded SBP- A, Faradiser M and R2 have been reduced chemically by insertion of H through controlled additions of hydrazine hydrate solutions at about 1 °C. The H-inserted samples and the starting materials were subjected to chemical analysis for oxidation state, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for structure study and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to gain information on OH bonding. Additional techniques including FTIR spectroscopy at low temperature (~ -180 °C), electrode potential measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have also been applied. The intergrowth structure of the starting materials consisted of ramsdellite intercepted with pyrolusite layers, known as de Wolff faults, and quantified by the fraction of pyrolusite layers Pr. An additional structural parameter for these materials was the amount of micro twinning (Tw) across the 021/061 ramsdellite planes. This parameter, introduced by Pannetier, is given in percent. Values of (Pr , Tw) have been given as (0.41 , 17) for SBP-A, (0.70,10) for Faradiser M and (0.41, ~100) for R2. Upon H-insertion, the structure of the starting materials expanded homogeneously in a direction and to an extent which depended on the Pr and Tw parameters. Faradiser M, with high Pr and very low Tw, expanded homogeneously in the direction of the b lattice dimension up to an insertion level of 0.69 of s in MnOn/Hs. Above this level, the initial structure changed suddenly into the structure of the final product: the insertion then proceeded homogeneously in the new phase. The main changes were an expansion of the octahedra and a rotation leading to hinged tunnels. This is the first time that the existence of two solid solutions in the MnO2/H system has been noted. With SBP-A, the amount of microtwinning restricted the homogeneous expansion of SBP-A to s = 0.28, which occurred predominantly in the a direction. Further insertion broke the twinning boundary and formed a demicrotwinned phase of composition MnOn Ho.68 in which the tunnels were also hinged. Thereafter H-insertion proceeded heterogeneously from 0.28 to 0.68 in s. Above s = 0.68, the structure developed homogeneously towards that of the fully H-inserted product. The extensive microtwinning in R2 allowed for a homogeneous expansion, thought to be isotropic to maintain the microtwinned structure, up to s = 0.39. Higher insertion levels led to the expansion to proceed heterogeneously to a composition of MnOn Ho.63. Above s = 0.63, a new phase, the final product, was formed with fully demicrotwinned structure and fully hinged tunnels. R-insertion into y-manganese dioxide has never been reported to occur in three stages previously. The FTIR study at room temperature has shown absence of OH bond vibrations at insertion levels prior to the hinging of the tunnels, in contrast to their presence after the structure has rotated and the tunnels had hinged. This is seen as a strong indication of H mobility in the initial structure. The hinging is necessary for OH bonding as it brings the 02 and 01 oxygens closer allowing the proton to bond both covalently and by H-bonding. At low temperature, initially mobile hydrogen could be trapped and OR bonds formed only in H-inserted R2. This was linked to 061-microtwinning. The absence of OH bonds at low temperature in SBP-A and Faradiser M led to the conclusion that these materials have no 061 micro twinning faults. The absence of OH bonds at low temperature in the starting materials, particularly in R2, strongly questions the postulated OH groups in the structure of y-MnO2, according to the cation vacancy model. Electrode potential data supported the above conclusions in terms of the stages of the H-insertion. The battery activity of the materials seemed to be related to the extent at which the materials kept the initial structure with non-hinged tunnels. Comparison with previous works on the same materials suggested that the differences could be accounted for by the kinetics of the H-insertion. While protons in this work were released spontaneously on the surface of the MnO x , their diffusion into the bulk was slow due to the low temperature. In the compared literature, the reverse applies.

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Ehrke, Henri P. "Dynamics of electronic order in magnetoresistive manganites studied with time-resolved X-ray scattering." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540134.

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Kose, Muhammet. "Manganese complexes as catalase and superoxide dismutase mimics : structure and reactivity relationships." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10801.

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Macrocycle (H2L1) was prepared by a Schiff base condensation reaction of 2,6-diformylpyridine and 1,3-diamino-2-propanol in the presence of Ba(II) as template ion. Seven-coordinate Mn(II) complexes were prepared by transmetallation reactions of the initial [Ba(H2L1)(μ1,2-ClO4)]2(ClO4)2 complex. Two mononuclear, ring-contracted complexes were obtained when methanol or ethanol were used as solvents in transmetallation reactions. For both complexes, X-ray analysis showed that the H2L1 macrocycle undergoes a ring-contraction via addition of methanol or ethanol across one imine bond, followed by a nucleophilic addition of the secondary amine across an adjacent imine bond resulting in a six-membered, hexahydropyrimidine ring sitting in a chair conformation. The ring-contraction process reduces the size of the cavity in the macrocycle to accommodate one Mn(II) ion in the macrocycle. The macrocyclic tetraimine ligand (H2L1) gave access to the polynuclear, ring-expanded assemblies, [Mn4(H2L*)Cl4][MnCl4] and [Mn4(H2L*)(N3)4](ClO4)2, when acetonitrile was used as a solvent. The macrocycle (H2L1) undergoes rearrangement from a 20-membered to a 40-membered tetranuclear Mn(II) complex. Manganese complexes of acyclic ligands, derived from 2,6-diformylpyridine and several aminoalcohols and aminophenols, were prepared and structurally characterised by X-ray crystallography. Most of the complexes are seven-coordinate with approximate pentagonal bipyramidal geometry, however, some five, six and seven-coordinate complexes were identified. Asymmetric and symmetric tripodal Schiff base ligands and their manganese complexes were also prepared and characterised. Additionally, N-alkylated benzimidazole 2,6-bis(1-butyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)pyridine and its Mn(II) complexes were prepared and characterised. The potential application of the complexes has been tested in two main areas: (a) as new catalase mimics and (b) as new superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimics. The trinuclear, acyclic complex, [Mn3(L9)2(OAc)2(MeOH)2] 2MeOH, derived from 2,6-diformylpyridine and 2-aminophenol, was found to be the most efficient catalase mimic of the tested complexes with approximately 500 molecules of H2O2 broken down per second for each complex during the fastest rate of activity. Catalase testing showed that an increase of the arm size of the tripodal complexes produced an increase in activity overall for the complexes. Most of the complexes tested for catalase activity showed an induction period prior to the activity being observed. This may be due to a rearrangement occurring before catalase activity is observed. The tripodal complex, [Mn(L18)](ClO4)2 is the only complex to show a catalase activity without added base, but with a long induction period. The results that are presented indicate that the axial ligands have an effect on both the rate of catalase activity and the observed induction period. The SOD results indicated that the complex, [Mn(H2L6)Cl(H2O)]Cl H2O, derived from 2,6-diformylpyridine and 1 aminopropan-2-ol, shows the highest SOD activity amongst the complexes prepared, with a rate of 2.05x106 M-1s-1 and the IC50 value of 0.78 μM. Most of the complexes showed SOD activity with a rate around 105-106 M-1s-1. The SOD results showed that the axial ligands have an effect on SOD activity; strongly bound ligands such as thiocyanate and azide generally result in lower SOD activity. Most of the complexes showed both SOD and catalase activity. Ring-contracted complexes, [Mn(H3L2)(NCS)2] and [Mn(H3L3)(NCS)2], show high rates of superoxide dismutase activity but possess limited catalase activity.

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Xi, Yan. "Ozone Decomposition and Acetone Oxidation on Manganese Oxide Catalysts." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33112.

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This thesis describes the preparation and characterization of manganese oxide catalysts and their application in the oxidation of acetone, a typical volatile organic compound (VOC), and ozone decomposition. This topic is of great value because of environmental concerns of the elimination of the harmful VOCs and ozone. Manganese oxide was chosen because it is a well-known complete oxidation catalyst for VOCs and also an active catalyst for ozone decomposition. Two cases of studies were carried out in this work. The first study involved the oxidation of acetone using ozone on silica- and alumina-supported manganese oxide catalysts deposited on aluminum oxide foam substrates. The characteristics of the catalysts were determined through various techniques, including x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and oxygen chemisorption. The use of these techniques allowed better understanding of the nature of the catalysts. Activity tests were carried out in the acetone oxidation reaction and it was found that the usage of ozone substantially reduced the oxidation temperature. Steady-state in situ Raman spectroscopy was also carried out to better understand the mechanism of the acetone oxidation reaction using ozone. The second study involved an investigation of structural and electronic properties of manganese centers of the MnOx/SiO2 and MnOx/Al2O3 catalysts during the ozone decomposition reaction using in situ x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The number of surface active sites was again determined through TPR and oxygen chemisorption measurements. The performance of the catalysts with different loadings and supports were also compared.
Master of Science

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Bodiba, A. L. "X-ray spectroscopic method development for quantitative analysis of manganese ore in the Kalahari basin." Thesis, Vaal University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/386.

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Manganese is a crucial element in the manufacturing of steel, which in turn is an essential material in many industries including construction and transportation. Its use in the steel making process results in increased strength and resistance. Manganese samples are analyzed quantitatively by volumetric titration techniques. These wet chemistry methods are simple, accurate, and are sufficiently detailed for ordinary personnel to follow with ease. The research method used included the investigation of using secondary standard created from the current mining activities to match the matrix and mineralogy. The matrix matching standard has shown that the mineralogical effect and matrix effect can be controlled by creating the ore specific program. The matrix and mineralogical effect are the main sources of errors in wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis with pressed powder pellets. No fundamental parameters corrections and empirical coefficient correction were made on the press pellets calibration lines. The fusion method was investigated as a universal method that can produce fused beads retaining all the elements of interest. The calibration lines were developed from certified reference material and the results were accurate, substantiating that the fusion method elimination the mineralogical effect, matrix effect and particle size effects. Fusion and press pellet methods were compared with the traditional wet chemical method and the results shows no significant difference between the methods. The new methods were tested against three proficiency schemes for manganese and the results were satisfactory, the z-score was below ±3 for all the elements. The participants used different methods including traditional wet chemical analysis and Inductive coupled plasma (ICP). The press pellets method has shown a good correlation with a fusion method were certified reference material was used for calibrations. The new methods were validated using different statistical methods. All the validation criteria were satisfactory. The calibration range for all the lines were satisfactory. The Limit of quantification (LOQ) values for Mn, Fe, CaO, SiO2, MgO, Al2O3, and P were very low. The new methods for the analysis are therefore sensitive enough to give good results for the expected concentration ranges of each element. The statistical analysis performed between fusion and press pellets methods has proven that there was no significant difference between the methods. The conclusion made after the validation procedures was that the methods Page | iv developed for the analysis of manganese ore was fit for purpose of the analysis of the elements of interest for the Kalahari manganese ore. The study confirmed that the newly developed press pellets methods can be used to analyse routine production samples based on the ore type or the area. Borates fusion method can be used for geological explorations, consignment and trade samples. The proposed XRF methods can replace the traditional wet chemical analysis which is time-consuming, toxic and labourintensive.

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Turner, Joshua J. 1979. "Probing dynamics of complex ordered phases in colossal magnetoresistive transition-metal oxides using coherent resonant soft x-ray scattering." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7506.

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xxv, 207 p. ; ill. (some col.) A print copy of this title is available from the UO Libraries, under the call number: SCIENCE QD172.T6 T87 2008
A growing interest in the physics of complex systems such as in the transition-metal oxide family has exploded recently, especially in the last 20 years or so. One notable effect is the change in electrical resistivity of a system by orders of magnitude in an applied magnetic field, coined the "colossal magnetoresistance effect". In efforts to understand these types of effects, there has been an unveiling of a rich variety of phenomena in the field of strongly correlated electron physics that has come to dominate the current scientific times. Most notable is the competition of myriad types of order: magnetic, lattice, charge and orbital all self-organize to display a fascinating array of phases on a variety of length scales. Furthermore, it has become apparent that new probes are needed to grasp some of this physics that transcends current condensed matter theory, where much of the behavior of these types of systems has remained unexplored. We have developed a new technique to gain more information about the system than with conventional x-ray diffraction. By scattering highly coherent, low energy x-rays, we can measure manganite speckle: a "fingerprint' of the microscopic structure in the bulk. The coherence of the x-rays can further be used to elucidate new insight into the dynamics of these phases. We describe here a number of novel effects near the orbital order phase transition in a half-doped manganite. We observe a small fluctuating component in the scattered signal that is correlated with three effects: both a rapidly decreasing total signal and orbital domain size, as well as an abrupt onset of a broad background intensity that we attribute to the thermal production of correlated polarons. Our results suggest that the transition is characterized by a competition between a pinned orbital domain topology that remains static, and mobile domain boundaries that exhibit slow, spatiotemporal fluctuations. This study opens up a new chapter to the study of manganite physics as coherent x-ray scattering offers a new direction to understand the strange and exotic behavior demonstrated in the multifaceted manganites.
Adviser: Stephen Kevan

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Books on the topic "Manganite X-rays"

1

Geck, Jochen. Spins, charges, and orbitals in perovskite manganites: Resonant and hard X-ray scattering studies. Berlin: Mensch & Buch, 2004.

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E, Rosenberger Franz, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. X-ray transmission microscope development. Huntsville, AL: Center for Microgravity and Materials Research, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, 1995.

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Franz, Rosenberger, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. X-ray transmission microscope development: Third semi-annual progress report, NASA contract NAS8-40185. Huntsville, AL: Center for Microgravity and Materials Research, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, 1995.

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X-ray transmission microscope development: Final report; NASA contract NAS8-40185; period of performance, 02/28/95-08/31/97. Huntsville, AL: Center for Microgravity and Materials Research, University of Alabama in Huntsville, 1997.

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Franz, Rosenberger, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. X-ray transmission microscope development: Third semi-annual progress report, NASA contract NAS8-40185. Huntsville, AL: Center for Microgravity and Materials Research, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, 1995.

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Bi, J. F., and K. L. Teo. Nanoscale Ge1−xMnxTe ferromagnetic semiconductors. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533053.013.17.

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This article discusses the structure characterizations, magnetic and transport behaviors of the nanoscale ferromagnetic semiconductors Ge1-xMnxTe grown by molecular beam epitaxy with various manganese compositions x ranging from 0.14 to 0.98. After providing an overview of the growth procedure and characterization, the article analyzes the structures of the Ge1-xMnxTe system using X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. It then considers the optical, magnetic and transport properties of the semiconductors and shows that the crystal quality is degraded and the proportion of amorphous phase increases with increasing Mn composition. Nanoclusters and nanoscale grains can be observed when x > 0.24, which greatly affect their magnetic and electronic properties. The magnetic anisotropy is weakened due to different orientations of the clusters embedded in the GeTe host. An anomalous Hall effect is also observed in the samples, which can be attributed to extrinsic skew scattering.

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E, Rosenberger Franz, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. X-ray transmission microscope development: Third semi-annual progress report, NASA contract NAS8-40185. Huntsville, AL: Center for Microgravity and Materials Research, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, 1995.

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X-ray transmission microscope development: Final report; NASA contract NAS8-40185; period of performance, 02/28/95-08/31/97. Huntsville, AL: Center for Microgravity and Materials Research, University of Alabama in Huntsville, 1997.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. X-ray transmission microscope development: Final report; NASA contract NAS8-40185; period of performance, 02/28/95-08/31/97. Huntsville, AL: Center for Microgravity and Materials Research, University of Alabama in Huntsville, 1997.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. X-ray transmission microscope development: Final report; NASA contract NAS8-40185; period of performance, 02/28/95-08/31/97. Huntsville, AL: Center for Microgravity and Materials Research, University of Alabama in Huntsville, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Manganite X-rays"

1

Murakami, Y., S. Ishihara, and S. Maekawa. "Charge and Orbital Ordering of Manganites Observed by Resonant X-Ray Scattering." In Colossal Magnetoresistive Manganites, 383–416. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-1244-2_9.

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Ishihara, Sumio, and Sadamichi Maekawa. "Theory of Anomalous X-ray Scattering in a Variety of Orbital Ordered Manganites." In Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, 84–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60041-8_8.

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McDermott, Ann E., R. D. Guiles, Vittal K. Yachandra, James Cole, R. David Britt, S. L. Dexheimer, Kenneth Sauer, and Melvin P. Klein. "X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Manganese and Iron in the Photosynthetic Apparatus." In Biophysics and Synchrotron Radiation, 223–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71490-0_27.

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Piszora, Paweł. "High-Pressure Energy Dispersive X-Ray Diffraction Investigation of Lithium-Manganese Spinel." In Solid State Phenomena, 69–72. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-40-x.69.

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Rini, M., R. Tobey, S. Wall, Y. Zhu, Y. Tomioka, Y. Tokura, A. Cavalleri, and R. W. Schoenlein. "Time-resolved X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Photoinduced Insulator-Metal Transition in a Colossal Magnetoresistive Manganite." In Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 191–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-95946-5_62.

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Dau, H., J. C. Andrews, T. A. Roelofs, M. J. Latimer, W. Liang, V. K. Yachandra, K. Sauer, and M. P. Klein. "X-ray Absorption Linear Dichroism Spectroscopy (Xalds) on the PS II Manganese Complex — Methodical Aspects." In Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere, 1249–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0173-5_293.

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Penner-Hahn, J. E., P. J. Riggs-Gelasco, E. Yu, P. DeMarois, and C. F. Yocum. "Structural Characterization of the Manganese Cluster in the Photosynthetic Oxygen Evolving Complex Using X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy." In Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere, 1219–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0173-5_286.

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Sumitra, T., and S. Kongsombatsuk. "Determination of Manganese in Airborne Particulates in a Dry-Cell Battery Factory Using X-Ray Fluorescence Technique." In Nuclear Analytical Methods in the Life Sciences, 269–77. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0473-2_30.

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Benfatto, M., C. R. Natoli, J. Garcia, A. Marcelli, A. Bianconi, and I. Davoli. "Local Order at the Manganese Sites in Ionic Solutions by XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structure)." In Amorphous and Liquid Materials, 142–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3505-1_11.

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Fabrègue, D., C. Landron, C. Béal, X. Kleber, E. Maire, and M. Bouzekri. "Understanding the mechanical behaviour of a high manganese TWIP steel by the means of in situ 3D X ray tomography." In Optical Measurements, Modeling, and Metrology, Volume 5, 27–32. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0228-2_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Manganite X-rays"

1

Harris, William M., George J. Nelson, Jeffrey J. Lombardo, Alex P. Cocco, John R. Izzo, Wilson K. S. Chiu, Pietro Tanasini, et al. "Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell LSM-YSZ Composite Cathodes With Varying Starting Powder Sizes." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64237.

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Solid oxide fuel cell cathodes have been examined using non-destructive x-ray nanotomography. The cathodes examined were a composite of strontium-doped lanthanum manganite (LSM) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), with three different starting powder sizes of 0.3 μm, 0.5 μm, and 1 μm. Differential absorption contrast imaging was performed over the manganese K-edge (6539 eV) for the identification of the LSM, YSZ, and pore phases. The three phases were each segmented from reconstruction of the tomography data. Three dimensional volumes of the segmented phases were used to calculate structural characterization parameters of the sample including porosity, pore size distributions, and mean phase sizes. These parameters are reported and some correlations are drawn to the starting powder size.

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Din, M. F. Md, J. L. Wang, A. R. Abdul Rahman, Y. N. A. Norizan, N. S. Suhaimi, N. H. Idris, M. Ismail, W. F. H. Wan Zamri, and F. Abdul Aziz. "Structure analysis using XRD refinement for replacement of copper (Cu) with manganese (Mn) in NdMn2Si2 compound." In MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION USING X-RAYS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5089361.

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3

Kalniņa, Aija. "Ar divvērtīgā mangāna joniem aktivēta magnija germanāta materiāla ilgspīdošā luminiscence." In LU Studentu zinātniskā konference "Mundus et". LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/lu.szk.2.rk.09.

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In the course of study, 10 different MgGeO3:Mn2+ samples with different manganese 2+ ion concentrations were synthesized: 0 mol%, 0.1 mol%, 0.25 mol%, 0.5 mol%, 0.75 mol%, 1 mol%, 1.5 mol%, 2 mol%, 5 mol% and 10 mol%. The samples emit a good luminescence in the red spectrum diapason and can be excited by ultraviolet radiation and X-rays. Samples can shine for up to more than 10 hours after excitation. X-ray diffraction, excitation spectra, luminescence spectra, afterglow spectra, extinction kinetics and thermostimulated luminescence were measured for samples. The obtained results provide the basis for assessing the processes taking place in the materials and the effect that the concentration of admixture ions has on the luminescence. Perhaps in the future it will be possible to use magnesium germanate in medical diagnostic equipment, yielding a further improved insight into the human body. In this case, the results of the study will be useful for medical application.

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Kennedy, B. J., Abarrul Ikram, Agus Purwanto, Sutiarso, Anne Zulfia, Sunit Hendrana, and Zeily Nurachman. "Powder Diffraction Studies of Phase Transitions in Manganese Perovskites." In NEUTRON AND X-RAY SCATTERING 2007: The International Conference. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2906095.

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Du, C. H., Y. Su, P. D. Hatton, S. Brown, and S. W. Cheong. "X-ray scattering studies of charge stripes in manganites and nickelates." In High temperature superconductivity. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.59649.

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6

Pecher, K. "Charge state mapping of mixed valent iron and manganese mineral particles using Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy (STXM)." In Sixth international conference on x-ray microscopy (XRM99). AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1291160.

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Rini, M., Y. Zhu, S. Wall, R. Tobey, Y. Tomioka, Y. Tokura, A. Cavalleri, and R. W. Schoenlein. "Ultrafast Dynamics in Magnetoresistance Manganites: Vibrationally-driven Transitions and X-ray Spectroscopy." In Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals and Applications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlo.2009.nma6.

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DU, C. H., Y. SU, M. E. GHAZI, P. D. HATTON, S. P. COLLINS, S. BROWN, and S.-W. CHEONG. "SYNCHROTRON X-RAY SCATTERING STUDIES OF CHARGE AND SPIN STRIPES IN MANGANITES." In Proceedings of the First Regional Conference. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812793676_0122.

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Chourasia, A. R., and S. D. Deshpande. "Soft X-ray appearance potential study of rare earth-manganese compounds." In The fifteenth international conference on the application of accelerators in research and industry. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.59265.

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Krayzman, Victor, Igor Maznichenko, Alexander Novakovich, and Rostislav Vedrinskii. "The Influence of the Local Lattice Distortion and Magnetic Ordering in Manganese Oxides on the Mn and O K-XANES." In X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE - XAFS13: 13th International Conference. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2644549.

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Reports on the topic "Manganite X-rays"

1

Grush, M. M. X-ray spectroscopy of manganese clusters. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/286265.

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2

Kiryukhin, V., D. Casa, B. Keimer, J. P. Hill, A. Vigliante, Y. Tomioka, and Y. Tokura. X-ray induced insulator-metal transitions in CMR manganites. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/658155.

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Keimer, B., D. Casa, V. Kiryukhin, O. A. Saleh, J. P. Hill, Y. Tomioka, and Y. Tokura. X-ray effects in charge-ordered manganites: A magnetic mechanism of persistent photoconductivity. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/307972.

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Visser, Hendrik. X-ray and vibrational spectroscopy of manganese complexes relevant to the oxygen-evolving complex of photosynthesis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/787134.

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Cinco, Roehl M. X-ray absorption spectroscopy on the calcium cofactor to the manganese cluster in photosynthetic oxygen evolution. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/764364.

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Ramsey, Alexandra V. A hard X-ray study of a manganese-terpyridine catalyst in a chromium-based Metal Organic Framework. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1213115.

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Ramsey, Alexandra. A Hard X-ray Study of a Manganese-Terpyridine Dimer Catalyst in a Chromium-Based Metal Organic Framework. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1213117.

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Ramsey, Alexandra. A Hard X-ray Study of a Manganese-Terpyridine Dimer Catalyst in a Chromium-based Metal Organic Framework - Oral Presentation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1213175.

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