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1
Sari, Aurelia Fadhilah, Elly Rasmikayati, and Bobby Rachmat Saefudin. "Behavioral Dynamics of Farmers and First Buyer in Marketing Mangoes in Sedong District, Cirebon Regency, West Java." AGRIFOR 18, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31293/af.v18i1.4072.
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Mango marketing will be profitable for farmers if they are free to determine one of the first buyers in the market and get the maximum profit. But in reality, most mango farmers have a high dependence on selling their crops to middlemen. This is due to farmers' limitations on market information and access to capital. This research aimed at describe variation of first buyers for mango farmers and farmer's behavior in selling mango crops to first buyer parties. This research was conducted by survey research method. Respondents in this study were 50 mango farmers in Sedong District, Cirebon Regency. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and crosstabulation analysis. The results show that the variation of first buyers for mango farmers in Sedong District were a) 1 direction: wholesalers, middlemen/traders b) 2 directions: wholesalers, traditional markets; middlemen/traders, traditional markets; middlemen/traders, wholesalers, dan c) 3 directions: wholesalers, exporters, retailers; middlemen/traders, wholesalers, traditional markets. There are mango farmers who have sold to modern retailers, but have stopped doing partnerships because they are unable to fulfill the quality requirements set by modern retailers. However, majority of mango farmers (72%) in Sedong District still sell mango crops to middleman/traders.
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Khandoker, S., MA Monayem Miah, MA Rashid, M. Khatun, and ND Kundu. "Comparative profitability analysis of shifting land from field crops to mango cultivation in selected areas of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 42, no. 1 (March 29, 2017): 137–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v42i1.31986.
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Mango has emerged as an important area for diversification and as an alternative cropping pattern due to higher returns and productivity. The study was conducted in three mango growing districts, namely Chapai Nawabganj, Natore, and Rajshahi during 2014-2015 to estimate the financial benefit of shifting cereal lands to mango production, factors influencing shifting decision, and explore related problems of mango cultivation in the study areas. A total of 180 farmers taking 60 farmers from each district were selected through using multistage stratified random sampling for the study. About 49% lands were shifted to mango cultivation from cereal crops which was higher in Chapai Nawabganj (55%) followed by Natore (48%) district. The main reason of this shifting was reported to be higher profit compared to other crops. The average total cost of mango cultivation was Tk. 1, 33,889 per hectare. Higher cost was observed in the 16th-20th year of garden (Tk. 1, 52,010) followed by 11th -15th year (Tk. 1, 48,952). The average yield of mango was found to be the highest in 16th 20th year (26.48 ton/ha) followed by 11-16th year (19.38 ton/ha). Per hectare net return from mango cultivation was Tk. 1, 75,244. Total cost of mango cultivation was 10% higher than Boro-Fallow-T.Aman cultivation. On the other hand, total cost was about 40% lower than Wheat- Jute- T.Aman, Wheat-Aus-T.Aman and Potato-Fallow-T.Aman. The net return from mango cultivation was 75% higher than other cropping patterns. The shifting of cereal lands to mango cultivation was found to be a profitable since the BCR (2.89), net present value (Tk. 33, 71,166) and internal rate of return (39%) were very high. Relative income, farm size and education turned out to be positively significant, whereas age was negatively significant for shifting decision from cereal crops to mango cultivation. Therefore, Farmers should be motivated to cultivate mango in the fallow lands or areas where other crops are not grown well.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(1): 137-158, March 2017
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Janakiramaiah, B., G. Kalyani, L. V. Narasimha Prasad, A. Karuna, and M. Krishna. "Intelligent system for leaf disease detection using capsule networks for horticulture." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 41, no. 6 (December 16, 2021): 6697–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-210593.
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Horticulture crops take a crucial part of the Indian economy by creating employment, supplying raw materials to different food processing industries. Mangoes are one of the major crops in horticulture. General Infections in Mango trees are common by various climatic and fungal infections, which became a cause for reducing the quality and quantity of the mangos. The most common diseases with bacterial infection are anthracnose and Powdery Mildew. In recent years, it has been perceived that different variants of deep learning architectures are proposed for detecting and classifying the problems in the agricultural domain. The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based architectures have performed amazingly well for disease detection in plants but at the same time lacks rotational or spatial invariance. A relatively new neural organization called Capsule Network (CapsNet) addresses these limitations of CNN architectures. Hence, in this work, a variant of CapsNet called Multilevel CapsNet is introduced to characterize the mango leaves tainted by the anthracnose and powdery mildew diseases. The proposed architecture of this work is validated on a dataset of mango leaves collected in the natural environment. The dataset comprises both healthy and contaminated leaf pictures. The test results approved the undeniable level of exactness of the proposed framework for the characterization of mango leaf diseases with an accuracy of 98.5%. The outcomes conceive the higher-order precision of the proposed Multi-level CapsNet model when contrasted with the other classification algorithms such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) and CNNs.
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Rachmah, Alisabela Dhiya, Elly Rasmikayati, and Bobby Rachmat Saefudin. "FACTORS RELATED TO CONTINUATION OF MANGO CULTIVATION." JURNAL PERTANIAN 10, no. 2 (October 22, 2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jp.v10i2.1864.
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Usually, commodities shift occurs from food crops to commercial crops, such as horticulture with the aim of improving the welfare of farmer’s life. However, a different situation happened in Sedong Subdistrict, Cirebon Regency where mango farmers switched to paddy cultivation which is a non commercial crop. Most mango farmers began to abandon mango cultivation and made paddy cultivation as their main livelihood. Therefore this research aimed at analyzing the factors underlying the farmer’s decisions to abandon or continue mango cultivation and describing the potential and constraints of mango cultivation. Samples taken were 65 farmers in Sedong Subdistrict, Cirebon Regency consisting of 30 present-grower of mango who also experienced paddy cultivation and 35 past-grower of mango who switched to paddy cultivation. The research method used is the survey research method with data analysis using descriptive statistics and crosstabulation analysis with the fisher exact test. The results showed that the factors related to the farmer's decision to abandon or continue mango cultivation consisted of age, farmer's perception of mango cultivation, risk taking attitude, land tenure status, land area, and farmer group membership. Mango farming has easy transportation in the marketing activities provided by traders, as well as ease of access to credit bunt only for large scale farmers. The constraints felt by farmers in conducting mango farming consist of limited capital for small farmers,
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Tasliah, Tasliah, Habib Rijzaani, Tri Z. P. Hariyadi, Siti Yuriyah, Rebin Rebin, Ma'sumah Ma;sumah, and Tiur S. Silitonga. "Analisis Keragaman Genetik 161 Aksesi Mangga Indonesia Menggunakan Marka Mikrosatelit." Jurnal AgroBiogen 9, no. 3 (August 23, 2016): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jbio.v9n3.2013.p125-134.
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<p>Mango is one of the five<br />important fruit crops in the world. Microsatellite markers can<br />be used to analyze genetic diversity among mango<br />accessions. The purpose of this research was to determine<br />the relationship among mango germplasm collection using<br />microsatellite markers. A total of 161 mango accessions<br />originated from Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute<br />(Cukurgondang Field Station), Pasuruan, East Java, were<br />used in this research. Twenty-six microsatellite markers<br />were used to genotype each accession. Genotyping was<br />conducted using Beckman Coulter® CEQ™ 8000 machine.<br />Genetic relationship among accecions was analyzed using<br />the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean<br />(UPGMA) method, followed by bootstrap analysis. The result<br />showed that high allele variation (15-75 alleles) was<br />observed among mango accesions tested, with an average<br />allele number of 38.69. The average of Polymophism<br />Information Content (PIC) value was 0.548 (0.021-0.949).<br />Fifteen microsatellite markers showed PIC value >0.5<br />indicated that these markers were suitable for mango<br />diversity studies. Cluster analysis divided the mango<br />collections into two groups. Group I consisted of 95<br />accessions, and group II consisted of 66 accessions. Ninety<br />Indonesian indigenous mangos (84.11% of Indonesian<br />mango accessions) could be separated from the introduced<br />accessions.</p>
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Chaurasiya, A. K., and Minerva Potsangbam. "Development of Innovative Mango Bar." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 2, no. 01 (June 30, 2017): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2017.2.1.4.
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Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most important tropical fruits in the world and currently ranked 5th in total world production among the major fruit crops. As mango is a seasonal fruit, about 20% of fruits are processed for products such as puree, nectar, leather, pickles, canned slices, and chutney. Mango fruit bar, an important product of commerce, is an excellent source of vitamin A and C, potassium fibre and β-carotene. They are very famous mainly because of it tastes like a mango which come handy and is available off season. Mango bars are generally prepared by drying mango pulp with proper amount of sugar and acid. Thus, to standardize the recipe for preparation of good quality mango bar from mango pulp along with cassava and flour.
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Kaur, Avneet, and Nirmaljit Kaur. "Mango malformation: A fungal disease, physiological disorder or malady of stress." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i1.1638.
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Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the important commercial crops occupying a prominent place among various fruit crops. Mango malformation is a crucial malady in mango production leading to heavy economic loss. Malformation occurs in vegetative as well as floral tissue, later being virulent leading to loss of entire crop. Fusarium moniliforme is suggested as dominant causal agent of the disease although association of ‘stress ethylene’ with disease occurrence has also been studied. Fungal pathogens responsible for the malady are known to elevate the level of ‘stress ethylene’ in malformed plants. Various reports have been put forward to explain the etiology and control measures of the disease but nature and management of the disease is still a mystery. Hence, the present review aims at offering information regarding aspects of development and management of mango malformation.
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N, Ganeshmurthy A., Rupa T. R, and Shivananda T. N. "Enhancing Mango Productivity through Sustainable Resource Management." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.2018.v13i01.002.
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Mango the “King of fruits” is the most important fruit crop in India and the area under mango is the largest among fruit crops (2,516 thousand ha) with a production of around 19.69 million tonnes. India ranks first in mango production in the world contributing 41% of the total world production of mango. Among Indian states, with a total output of 4.3 million MT, Uttar Pradesh stands first as mango producing state. (Fig.1).This is followed by Telangana (2.73 million MT), Karnataka (1.75 million MT) and Bihar (1.36 million MT). Particularly in India all stages of mango fruit are used starting from immature to over ripe stages. Mango has specific problem of alternate bearing leading many times to low yields or no yield.
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Abdelsalam, Nader R., Hayssam M. Ali, Mohamed Z. M. Salem, Elsayed G. Ibrahem, and Mohamed S. Elshikh. "Genetic and Morphological Characterization of Mangifera indica L. Growing in Egypt." HortScience 53, no. 9 (September 2018): 1266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13084-18.
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Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a fruit crops belong to the family Anacardiaceae and is the oldest cultivated tree worldwide. Cultivars maintained in Egypt have not been investigated previously. Mango was first brought to Egypt from South Asia. Morphological and molecular techniques were used to identify the genetic diversity within 28 mango cultivars. SSR and EST-SSR were used for optimizing germplasm management of mango cultivars. Significant variations were observed in morphological characteristics and genetic polymorphism, as they ranged from 0.71% to 100%. High diversity was confirmed as a pattern of morphological and genotypes data. Data from the present study may be used to calculate the mango relationship and diversity currently grown in Egypt.
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Andriani, Rani, Elly Rasmikayati, Gema Wibawa Mukti, and Sri Fatimah. "Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Petani Mangga dalam Pemilihan Pasar di Kabupaten Indramayu." Jurnal Penyuluhan 15, no. 2 (October 2, 2019): 286–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.25015/penyuluhan.v15i2.27736.
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Increasing domestic demand for mangoes in recent years has increased rapidly, not only in terms of quantity but also in terms of quality of mango, especially for modern markets. But only a small part of the mango which could entered the modern market. Understanding of farmers' access to markets is needed to increase farmers' capacity as an effort to improve farmers' welfare. The purpose of this research were to: 1) Analyze socioeconomic characteristics of mango farmers in Indramayu Regency; 2) Analyze the mango marketing channelin Indramayu District; 3) Analyze the factors that influence the decision of mango farmers in market selection in Indramayu District. This research is a quantitative research with 130 mango farmers who were taken by using multi stage random sampling. Data were analyzed descriptively as well as logistic regression analysis. The results showed that most of the farmers were in productive age, had completed primary school education, had <100 trees, never participated in the activity, did not join to farmers group and partnership in marketing. Most farmers market their crops to collecting traders. The level of education of farmers, frequency of extension activities, access to information about mango’s market, quality requirements, the percentage of mango of goodquality and the attachment of farmers to certain financing sources are the factors that significantly influence the farmer's decision in choosing the market. The role of farmer groups is needed to collect farmers in marketing their crops with profitable systems for farmers.
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GUPTA, MEENAKSHI, S. K. GUPTA, and L. M. GUPTA. "Performance of medicinal crops in mango (Mangifera indica) based intercropping system under dryland conditions of Jammu subtropics." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 12 (February 10, 2021): 2385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i12.110346.
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Mango (Mangifera indica L.) based agroforestry system offers spatial advantage for intercropping in Indian subtropics. Mango is planted at wide spacing to accommodate the large crowns needed to support the fruit yield. Wider spacing of the trees provides the vacant space to the orchardist to grow suitable and synergistic crop (vegetables/ medicinal plants) to supplement his income. The present investigation was done to screen out the best intercrop out of the four crops, viz. ginger, turmeric, kalmegh and stevia that can be grown in old mango orchards. The experiment was laid out at Experimental Farm of Advance Centre for Horticulture Research (ACHR), Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Udheywala, Jammu, which is located at an altitude of 327m above mean sea level, between 32073´ N latitude and 74087´ E longitude. Mango orchard selected for the study had a very dense canopy and thus the interception of light was only 30-40 percent than that in the open. The results revealed that shade had profound influence on the survival, growth and yield of ginger, turmeric, stevia and kalmegh. The higher values for plant height, number of leaves, were recorded in ginger and turmeric under shade compared to stevia and kalmegh. Stevia had a very poor survival percentage (11.99%) under mango as compared to open. Likewise ginger had a poor survival percentage (13.22%) in the open compared to that under the mango canopy. Thus, it was concluded that under the subtropical conditions of Jammu region, ginger, turmeric and kalmegh can be grown successfully as intercrops under partial shade of mango trees, however, stevia cannot be integrated. The most remunerative crop among the four, in terms of yield was turmeric followed by ginger and kalmegh.
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Thomas, Joseph, D. Sreedhar, S. Murali, S. Jose, K. Gopal Krishnan, P. K. Salama, V. Sayee, B. Bagyalakshmi, M. Narendran, and T. S. Lokeswari. "Somatic Embryogenesis in Commercial Crops—An Overview." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 549D—549. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.549d.
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Many researchers regard somatic embryogenesis as a system of choice for in vitro propagation of superior varieties of crops such as coffee, mango, datepalm, and rose. While there are advantages, commercialization has not been possible so far in coffee, mango, and rose. The work highlights some reasons for this and feasible alternatives. We have established somatic embryogenesis in four elite Indian arabica coffee genotypes. Plantlets (3500) of all the four varieties are now being field-evaluated. The cost of producing these propagules is 15 times the seedling cost at present. A major constraint is the long time (6 months) needed to reach the five-leaf stage in vitro prior to release for acclimatization. This period can be reduced to 2 months using exvitro development after the two leaf stage. There are many reports of somatic embryogenesis in mango. Results on establishing free-living plantlets have not been encouraging.We found a number of abnormalities in the shape of the somatic embryos in cv. Rumani. However, except for the “rod”-shaped ones (that lacked cotyledonary expansion), all embryos germinated satisfactorily (75% rooting).We have encouraging results in reducing the time required to generate suitable plantlets for field acclimatization and in standardizing the procedures for grafting. Our laboratory has developed methods for ex vitro germination of mature embryos in datepalm,which yield more numbers of free-living plantlets (50%–60%) in only 3 months with an average of four leaves per plant. This compared favorably with in vitro germination that takes 6 months and produces plantlets with one or two leaves only. A novel protocol for obtaining somatic embryogenesis in rose from petal derived calli was developed by us (Murali et al., 1996). The number of embryos induced was too low for commercial application. [Murali et al., 1996. Euphytica 91:271–275].
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Sarker, FIMGW, JC Biswas, and M. Maniruzzaman. "Climate change adaptation and economic profitability: crop land shifting to mango orchard in Rajshahi region." Bangladesh Rice Journal 18, no. 1-2 (April 17, 2015): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v18i1-2.22995.
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Barind ecosystem (Rajshahi Region) is unfavourable for field crop production but suitable for production of fruits like mango, litchi and jujube etc. Thus, an investigation was made to find out the causes, challenges and opportunity of crop land shift to mango orchard in Barind areas. A total of 85 mango growing farmers were randomly selected for interviewing. The dominant mango orchard based patterns are: i) Wheat-Fallow-T. Aman (30%); and ii) Mustard-Fallow-T. Amam (29%). About 75% farmers are transforming crop land into mango orchard because of water scarcity, high profitability, easy cultivation process, land suitability and favourable environment for mango cultivation. Mango farmers obtained on average 231 kg/ha yield in 1st quarter (year 1-3) and then production increased sharply and reached 2,190 kg/ha in 5th quarter (year 13-15). The highest gross return of mango was found in the 5th quarter. The estimated net present worth (NPW) of the project was Tk 99,588 per hectare, which indicates that mango cultivation was profitable in Rajshahi area. The internal rate of return (IRR) was 28%, which is higher than the opportunity cost of capital. However, increasing life span of mango orchard increases yield loss of both rice and non-rice crops. In 11-year-old mango orchard, intercrop yield reduced drastically (65%). More than 83% farmers obtained increased income and about 67% achieved better livelihoods due to mango cultivation. However, there is a possibility to decrease food grain, pulses, oil seed and vegetable production in the long run. Therefore, planned mango cultivation is needed along with ensured credit facilities through both institutional and non-institutional sources for mango cultivation, preservation and marketing.Bangladesh Rice j. 2014, 18(1&2): 8-17
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Crane, Jonathan H., Bruce Schaffer, and Richard J. Campbell. "670 Long-term Impacts and Recovery of Perennial Tropical Fruit Crops from Hurricanes in South Florida." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 563E—563. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.563e.
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Southern Florida has experienced numerous hurricanes, of which Hurricane Andrew was the most recent. Six years after this storm, nearly one-third of the 8093 ha of tropical fruit that existed in Miami–Dade County before the storm has never been replanted. The damage, reaction, and recovery from the storm varied among fruit species. The effect of heat stress and high light intensity was minimal on avocado, `Tahiti' lime, carambola, mamey sapote, guava, sapodilla, and longan. In contrast, mango trees experienced severe heat stress. Root damage caused by toppling and subsequent re-setting of sugar apple, atemoya, mango, and grafted `Tahiti' lime trees was severe; thus, trees not re-set were less likely to recover than trees left toppled or leaning. The extent and rate of recovery from hurricane-related wind stress also varied among species. Avocado, carambola, guava, and longan refoliated within 3 to 4 weeks after Hurricane Andrew. In contrast, mango, sugar apple, and atemoya trees went through two or more cycles of refoliating and dying back until tree death occurred. Iron and nitrogen deficiencies were common for mango, sugar apple, atemoya, and guava. Other consequences of hurricanes in south Florida include increased weed and vine growth and increased susceptibility to drought stress and insect infestations. Recovery to prehurricane crop production levels has varied among crops. For example, avocado and carambola production is near and exceeds pre-1992 levels, respectively. In contrast, `Tahiti' lime and mango production are about 20% pre-1992 levels. The long-term effect of the most recent hurricane on fruit production in south Florida has been a change in the crop species and/or cultivars planted.
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Chaudhari, K., N. Nishant, G. Upadhyay, R. More, N. Singh, S. P. Vyas, and B. K. Bhattacharya. "CROP INVENTORY OF ORCHARD CROPS IN INDIA USING REMOTELY SENSED DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W6 (July 26, 2019): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w6-269-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The use of satellite remote sensing (RS) technologies for purpose of crop discrimination, mapping, area estimation, condition and yield assessment has been proved to be effective and efficient in terms of time and cost, having better consistency implemented with scientific approaches. However, application of satellite RS technology for horticultural crops in India has certain challenges due to scattered and small field sizes, comparatively short duration such as vegetable crops and mixed cropping. Hence the study was taken for developing research methodology for area assessment of three major fruit crops such as Banana, Mango and Citrus over 20 districts in four states viz. Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Appropriate bio-window for analysing different crop types was selected and mapping of crops were done using pixel based hybrid classification i.e. un-supervised ISODATA clustering plus supervised MXL classification as well as object based classification of high resolution remote sensing data (Resourcesat LISS III and/or LISS IV, Cartosat – 1 PAN) followed by their accuracy assessment and their comparison with departmental reported statistics. Overall, the classification accuracy was more than 80% for all the crops. Deviation from statistics were in the range of 3 to 38%. Higher deviations from statistics were mostly due to use of lower resolution satellite data or mixing of crops having similar spectral signatures e.g. mango and sapota in Navsari and Valsad districts of Gujarat. It was very difficult to discriminate the young orchards of 2&ndash;3 years from other field crops due to mixed / inter cropping practices. The maps were checked and certified by respective State Horticulture Departments and were archived in VEADS, SAC and BHUVAN, NRSC geoportals of ISRO. RISAT – 1 (microwave) data were explored for the estimation of banana orchards in order to detect banana plantation at early stage and under cloudy sky conditions. There is huge potential of application in this sector using advanced observations from hyperspectral, thermal infrared sensors and advanced radars or LIDAR’s on-board upcoming satellites.</p>
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Le, Tuan Q., Thy Q. Y. Duong, Thinh V. D. Nguyen, and Huong T. T. Tran. "Assessment of irrigation situation and water requirement in perennial fruit crops in Dinh Quan district, Dong Nai province." Journal of Agriculture and Development 21, no. 02 (April 29, 2022): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52997/jad.8.02.2022.
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Dinh Quan is a mountainous agricultural district in Dong Nai province, focusing on agricultural development. Estimating reference and current crop evapotranspiration, as well as irrigation water requirements, is an essential foundation for effective irrigation planning for some perennial fruit crops (mandarin, banana, and mango) to manage water resources in a reasonable and sustainable way. Applying the FAO Penman-Monteith equation combined with the CROPWAT model, reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo), current crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and irrigation water requirement (IWR) of some perennial fruit crops being cultivated mainly in Dinh Quan district (banana, mandarin, and mango) were estimated. The total amount of water required for irrigation in the year of mandarin, mango, and banana trees in the study area was determined to be 592.6 mm, 473.0 mm, and 976.4 mm, respectively, corresponding to 5,926 m3/ha, 4,730 m3/ha and 9,764 m3/ha. Based on this result, the annual irrigation water requirement of the study area was calculated to be around 46 million m3 for the cultivation of mango, banana, and mandarin, mainly in the dry season (accounting for more than 95%). With current farming practices and using water resources, if there are no effective management measures and solutions, it may lead to a shortage of water for future production, especially in the dry season.
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Selvakumar, A., and Balasundaram Ananthakrishnan. "Machine Learning based Classification of Diseased Mango Leaves." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v10i7.5563.
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The preponderance of population depends on agriculture to produce crops which would be their primary subsistence for their livelihood. So, agriculture is considered the backbone of any nation. Mango (Mangifera indica Linn), belonging to a family Anacardiaceous, is a conspicuous fruit that captivates all ages because of its meticulous taste, delicious flavor, ampleness variety, and highly lustiness. Mangoes are generally rich in minerals, vitamins, fibers, and negotiable fat. Mango plants are exposed to many micro-organisms. If these are not detected and treated in the initial developing stages, it would affect peculiar parts of the mango plant and result in loss of overall productivity. Several factors like biotic and abiotic always ensue in the decrease in the overall productivity of mango plants. Self-regulated Detection of mango plant disease is imperative, and it must be detected at the preliminary stages of the growing period of the mango plant. This paper discusses the existing methodology to classify diseases in mango plant leaves by implementing ensemble technique (Stack) which includes algorithms like Decision Tree (DT), Support vector machine (SVM), Neural Network (NN), and Logistic Regression (LR). The developmental results validate that the disease classification methodology can successfully classify a higher percentage in predicting whether mango plant leaf is healthy or diseased.
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Souza, J. N. C., N. D. R. Almeida, L. S. Silva, and M. C. C. L. Moura. "Genetic diversity and geographic mapping of mango in Maranhão." Scientific Electronic Archives 13, no. 5 (April 29, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/1352020922.
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The objective of this study was to map the routes of greater natural occurrence of the mango tree, through the geographic descriptors and to characterize mango accesses in Maranhão. Field trips for the collection of geographic data and fruit harvesting were carried out in the municipalities of Chapadinha, Caxias, Brejo and Matinha, MA in the year 2013. Qualitative biometric studies were conducted to characterize the accesses collected regarding the color of the fruit peel (TFC), fruit pulp color (CPF), firmness (Fir), fruit shape (FF), fruit peel adhesion (ACF), fruit aroma (FF), fruit DF), fruit succulence and embryo (EB).The model of partial distribution of the mango in Maranhão was generated in the Open Modeller program based on the methodology using the algorithm SVM. Three groups were formed by the Tocher grouping method.The accesses of sugar and milk mango were the most similar, while the greatest genetic distance was between the accesses of mango sugar and mango. In the geographic map it was verified that there are areas with high probability of natural occurrence of mango in Maranhão. It was verified that there is genetic variability in the mango accesses collected in Maranhão with desirable agronomic characteristics and sweet fruits, thus contributing to reduce the species' vulnerability that currently exists in large areas of monoclonal crops.
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Sampa, Asma Yeasmin, Md Ariful Alam, Md Abdul Latif, and Md Masbaul Islam. "Socio-economic status and rationale of mango cultivation based on some selected areas in Rajshahi district of Bangladesh." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 6, no. 1 (May 14, 2019): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v6i1.41389.
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The study was conducted among 104 mango producer through primary data collection to assess the profitability in mango production, demographic and socio-economic condition of farmers in four villages of Northern region of Bangladesh. The study encompasses the comparison of cost and profit of other crop with mango cultivation. Most farmers depend on mango production because the climate is unfavorable for field crop production but very conducive for mango cultivation in Barind ecosystem. Problem Confrontation Index (PCI) was used to measure the problems of mango production. On the basis of PCI formula, out of the 16 problems, insects and diseases infestation was identified as the major problem with PCI 429 followed by dropping of fruits and flowers with PCI 409. Lack of better varieties/ Seedling/ grafts, modern technology and climate change was also three major problems with PCI 387, 193 and 276 respectively. Cost and return analysis of mango production revealed that 10 mango varieties are founds as profitable with the higher working investment and human labor development. Cultivator had to spend 106659 taka for one hectors of land or 120 mango trees and average profit was 299010. Average profit from mango cultivation (299010Tk/ha) was higher than Average profit from onion cultivation (260412Tk/ha).Most farmers (about 87%) practiced intercropping with mango. the cost incurred by Harvesting, Sorting and Grading of mango cultivation was more than other crops. Although respondents certified that Rajshahi district is profitable in respect of mango production further study should be taken place with other variables and characteristics.
Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(1): 79-90, April 2019
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Rajpoot, Vikram, Rahul Dubey, Praveen Kumar Mannepalli, Parcha Kalyani, Saumil Maheshwari, Abhishek Dixit, and Akash Saxena. "Mango Plant Disease Detection System Using Hybrid BBHE and CNN Approach." Traitement du Signal 39, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 1071–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ts.390334.
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Detection of plant diseases plays a crucial role in taking disease control measures to increase the quality and quantity of crops produced. Plant disease automation is beneficial because it eliminates surveillance work at significant farms. As plants are a food source, diagnosing leaf conditions early and accurately is essential. This work involves a detailed learning approach that automates leaf disease detection in mango plant species. This paper presents a detection system using Brightness Preserving Bi-Histogram Equalization (BBHE) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The photographs of mango leaves were first flattened, then resized and translated to their threshold value, followed by feature extraction. CNN and BBHE have extensively been used for pattern recognition. The test images of affected leaves were subsequently uploaded to the system and then matched to the ailments being trained. Training data and test data were cross-validated to balance over-adjustment and under-adjustment problems. The proposed method correctly detects the mango leaves disease at the early stage with 99.21% maximum accuracy.
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Melesse, A., H. Steingass, M. Schollenberger, and M. Rodehutscord. "Component composition, in vitro gas and methane production profiles of fruit by-products and leaves of root crops." Journal of Agricultural Science 156, no. 7 (September 2018): 949–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859618000928.
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AbstractThe current study was conducted to evaluate the component composition, anti-nutritional factors, in vitro gas production (GP) and methane (CH4) production profiles of fruit by-products (pineapple pulp, mango seed kernels, banana and papaya peel, Moringa stenopetala and Moringa oleifera seeds) and leaves of root crops (sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas], cassava [Manihot esculenta], yam [Dioscorea abyssinica], enset [Ensete ventricosum] and samma [Urtica simensis]). Root crop leaves had high crude protein (CP) ranging from 211 to 318 g/kg dry matter (DM) in yam and samma, respectively. M. stenopetala seeds contained the highest CP (450 g/kg DM). Samma leaves were rich in calcium (58.6 g/kg DM) and iron (1186 mg/kg DM). Leaves of root crops had similar concentrations of essential amino acids with appreciable values. Total phenols were highest in mango seed kernels (158 g/kg DM). The asymptotic GP at 96 h incubation of pineapple pulp, papaya and banana peel was 397, 358 and 279 ml/g DM, respectively, and differed significantly from each other. Sweet potato and yam leaves produced 238 and 225 ml/g DM GP, respectively, being significantly higher than those of other root crops. CH4 production was significantly lowest in Moringa seeds, mango seed kernels and sweet potato leaves. In conclusion, fruit by-products have the potential as energy sources and root crop leaves as protein supplements for ruminant and non-ruminant animals. Moringa seeds, mango seed kernels and sweet potato leaves were identified as potential candidates in mitigating CH4 emissions in tropical livestock with animal-based experiments recommended to validate the in vitro findings.
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Gutiérrez-Barranquero, José A., Víctor J. Carrión, Jesús Murillo, Eva Arrebola, Dawn L. Arnold, Francisco M. Cazorla, and Antonio de Vicente. "A Pseudomonas syringae Diversity Survey Reveals a Differentiated Phylotype of the Pathovar syringae Associated with the Mango Host and Mangotoxin Production." Phytopathology® 103, no. 11 (November 2013): 1115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-04-13-0093-r.
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Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, the causal agent of bacterial apical necrosis (BAN) in mango crops, has been isolated in different mango-producing areas worldwide. An extensive collection of 87 P. syringae pv. syringae strains isolated from mango trees affected by BAN from different countries, but mainly from Southern Spain, were initially examined by repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) to analyze the genetic diversity with an epidemiological aim. rep-PCR was powerful in assessing intrapathovar distribution and also allowing clustering of the P. syringae pv. syringae strains isolated from mango, depending on the isolation area. A clear pattern of clustering was observed for all the P. syringae pv. syringae strains isolated from mango distinct from strains from other hosts, including strains for the same geographical regions as the mango isolates. For this reason, a representative group of 51 P. syringae pv. syringae strains isolated from mango and other hosts, as well as some P. syringae strains from other pathovars, were further characterized to determine their possible genetic, phenotypic, and phylogenetic relationships. Similar to the rep-PCR results, the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA PCR (RAPD-PCR) and catabolic diversity analysis using the Biolog GN2 profile grouped 90% of the mango isolates together in a unique cluster. Interestingly, the majority of P. syringae pv. syringae strains isolated from mango produced mangotoxin. The analysis of the phylogenetic distribution using the multilocus sequence typing analysis strongly supports the existence of a differentiated phylotype of the pathovar syringae mainly associated with the mango host and characterized by the mangotoxin production.
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Shrestha, Amrit, Narayan Raj Joshi, Bhishma Raj Dahal, Subash Bhandari, Shree Ram Acharya, and Bandana Osti. "DETERMINANTS OF PRODUCTIVITY AND MAJOR PRODUCITON CONSTRAINTS OF MANGO FARMING IN SAPTARI DISTRICT OF NEPAL." Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 5, no. 2 (January 7, 2020): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/mjsa.02.2021.77.81.
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Mango is one of the major fruit crops of Terai region of Nepal; however, farmers are experiencing poor productivity. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the factors affecting the productivity and major constraints of the mango production in Saptari district of Nepal. Pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was administered among randomly selected 106 farmers from the district of Nepal. Face to face interview was scheduled to obtain the data from sampled farmers from March 26 to May 25, 2020. Multiple regressions were used to access the various factors affecting the productivity of the mango. The regression model depicted that the total number of productive trees and training on commercial mango production was found statistically significant at 1% level of significance. A unit change in the total number of productive trees was found to change the productivity by 0.94 units. Additionally, one-unit change in the trainings regarding commercial mango farming caused the change in productivity by 0.53 units. Further, incidence of diseases and pests, poor access to market, lack of irrigation facility, incidences of natural hazards and modicum of fertilizers on orchard were the major production constraints of mango in Spatari district of Nepal. Therefore, the study has suggested indispensable need training on commercial mango cultivation practices in Saptari district of Nepal.
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Gadedjisso-Tossou, Agossou, Komlavi II Adjegan, and Armand Ketcha Malan Kablan. "Rainfall and Temperature Trend Analysis by Mann–Kendall Test and Significance for Rainfed Cereal Yields in Northern Togo." Sci 3, no. 1 (March 6, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci3010017.
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This study investigates the trend in monthly and annual rainfall, minimum and maximum temperature (Tmin and Tmax) using the Mann–Kendall (MK) test and Sen’s slope (SS) method and evaluates the significance of their variability for maize, sorghum and millet yields in northern Togo employing multiple regression analysis. The historical data of Kara, Niamtougou, Mango and Dapaong weather stations from 1977 to 2012 were used. Four non-parametric methods—Alexandersson’s Standard Normal Homogeneity Test (SNHT), Buishand’s Range Test (BRT), Pettitt’s Test (PT) and Von Neumann’s Ratio Test (VNRT)—were applied to detect homogeneity in the data. For the data which were serially correlated, a modified version of the MK test (pre-whitening) was utilised. Results showed an increasing trend in the annual rainfall in all four locations. However, this trend was only significant at Dapaong (p < 0.1). There was an increasing trend in Tmax at Kara, Mango and Niamtougou, unlike Dapaong where Tmax revealed a significant decreasing trend (p < 0.01). Similarly, there was an increasing trend in Tmin at Kara, Mango and Dapaong, unlike Niamtougou where Tmin showed a non-significant decreasing trend (p > 0.05). Rainfall in Dapaong was found to have increased (7.79 mm/year) more than the other locations such as Kara (2.20 mm/year), Niamtougou (4.57 mm/year) and Mango (0.67 mm). Tmax increased by 0.13, 0.13 and 0.32 °C per decade at Kara, Niamtougou and Mango, respectively, and decreased by 0.20 per decade in Dapaong. Likewise, Tmin increased by 0.07, 0.20 and 0.02 °C per decade at Kara, Mango and Dapaong, respectively, and decreased by 0.01 °C per decade at Niamtougou. Results of multiple regression analysis revealed nonlinear yield responses to changes in rainfall and temperature. Rainfall and temperature variability affects rainfed cereal crops production, but the effects vary across crops. The temperature has a positive effect on maize yield in Kara, Niamtougou and Mango but a negative effect on sorghum in Niamtougou and millet in Dapaong, while rainfall has a negative effect on maize yield in Niamtougou and Dapaong and millet yield in Mango. In all locations, rainfall and temperature variability has a significant effect on the cereal crop yields. There is, therefore, a need to adopt some adaptation strategies for sustainable agricultural production in northern Togo.
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Gadedjisso-Tossou, Agossou, Komlavi II Adjegan, and Armand Ketcha Malan Kablan. "Rainfall and Temperature Trend Analysis by Mann–Kendall Test and Significance for Rainfed Cereal Yields in Northern Togo." Sci 2, no. 4 (September 24, 2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci2040074.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the trend in monthly and annual rainfall, minimum and maximum temperature (Tmin and Tmax) using the Mann–Kendall (MK) test and Sen’s slope (SS) method and evaluates the significance of their variability for maize, sorghum and millet yields in northern Togo employing multiple regression analysis. The historical data of Kara, Niamtougou, Mango and Dapaong weather stations from 1977 to 2012 were used. Four non-parametric methods—Alexandersson’s Standard Normal Homogeneity Test (SNHT), Buishand’s Range Test (BRT), Pettitt’s Test (PT) and Von Neumann’s Ratio Test (VNRT)—were applied to detect homogeneity in the data. For the data which were serially correlated, a modified version of the MK test (pre-whitening) was utilised. Results showed an increasing trend in the annual rainfall in all four locations. However, this trend was only significant at Dapaong (p < 0.1). There was an increasing trend in Tmax at Kara, Mango and Niamtougou, unlike Dapaong where Tmax revealed a significant decreasing trend (p < 0.01). Similarly, there was an increasing trend in Tmin at Kara, Mango and Dapaong, unlike Niamtougou where Tmin showed a non-significant decreasing trend (p > 0.05). Rainfall in Dapaong was found to have increased (7.79 mm/year) more than the other locations such as Kara (2.20 mm/year), Niamtougou (4.57 mm/year) and Mango (0.67 mm). Tmax increased by 0.13, 0.13 and 0.32 °C per decade at Kara, Niamtougou and Mango, respectively, and decreased by 0.20 per decade in Dapaong. Likewise, Tmin increased by 0.07, 0.20 and 0.02 °C per decade at Kara, Mango and Dapaong, respectively, and decreased by 0.01 °C per decade at Niamtougou. Results of multiple regression analysis revealed nonlinear yield responses to changes in rainfall and temperature. Rainfall and temperature variability affects rainfed cereal crops production, but the effects vary across crops. The temperature has a positive effect on maize yield in Kara, Niamtougou and Mango but a negative effect on sorghum in Niamtougou and millet in Dapaong, while rainfall has a negative effect on maize yield in Niamtougou and Dapaong and millet yield in Mango. In all locations, rainfall and temperature variability has a significant effect on the cereal crop yields. There is, therefore, a need to adopt some adaptation strategies for sustainable agricultural production in northern Togo.
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Hriiziio, Besii, and S. R. Singh. "Assessing market size of yanky on mango and other crops." Annals of Horticulture 12, no. 2 (2019): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-4623.2019.00018.5.
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Ramos, Ricardo Rivelino Dantas, and Júlio César Ferreira de Melo Júnior. "Mapping of the current land use in part of the Irrigated Perimeter Nilo Coelho, Petrolina-PE, Brazil." Comunicata Scientiae 10, no. 1 (April 17, 2019): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v10i1.2739.
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The objective of this study was to quantify and spatialize the agricultural composition and current land use in part of the Irrigation perimeter Nilo Coelho from the Landsat 8 satellite digital image classification. At first we performed the unsupervised classification image related to January 2014, identifying the separability within natural vegetation, water bodies, agricultural crops and anthropized areas. Then the supervised classification Maxver model was performed where it was observed that the fruit classes “Grape” (5.41%) “Acerola” (3.75%), “Coconut” (6.14%) “Guava” (6.17%), “Banana” (2.29%) and “Mango” (8.18%) showed dominance in the study area. These classes stood out in terms of yield in the area, pointing out that in that expansion which occurs in an area with agricultural crops in the irrigated Nilo Coelho, crops of mango, coco, guava, acerola, banana and grape also grow. In addition, we observed the emergence of new areas with passion fruit crops, melon, watermelon, corn, beans, onions, pumpkin, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, among other crops. Furthermore, we also found the occurrence of pastures containing buffel and elephant grasses, intercropping or not. The estimated overall accuracy was 80.52%, and the mapping defined as very good, with Kappa index equal to 0.7783.
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Shi, Yunxia, Yanxiu Guo, Yuhui Wang, Mingyang Li, Kang Li, Xianqing Liu, Chuanying Fang, and Jie Luo. "Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Nutritional Diversity among Three Staple Crops and Three Fruits." Foods 11, no. 4 (February 15, 2022): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11040550.
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More than 2 billion people worldwide are under threat of nutritional deficiency. Thus, an in-depth comprehension of the nutritional composition of staple crops and popular fruits is essential for health. Herein, we performed LC-MS-based non-targeted and targeted metabolome analyses with crops (including wheat, rice, and corn) and fruits (including grape, banana, and mango). We detected a total of 2631 compounds by using non-targeted strategy and identified more than 260 nutrients. Our work discovered species-dependent accumulation of common present nutrients in crops and fruits. Although rice and wheat lack vitamins and amino acids, sweet corn was rich in most amino acids and vitamins. Among the three fruits, mango had more vitamins and amino acids than grape and banana. Grape and banana provided sufficient 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and vitamin B6, respectively. Moreover, rice and grape had a high content of flavonoids. In addition, the three crops contained more lipids than fruits. Furthermore, we also identified species-specific metabolites. The crops yielded 11 specific metabolites, including flavonoids, lipids, and others. Meanwhile, most fruit-specific nutrients were flavonoids. Our work discovered the complementary pattern of essential nutrients in crops and fruits, which provides metabolomic evidence for a healthy diet.
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DaMatta, Fábio M. "Ecophysiology of tropical tree crops: an introduction." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 19, no. 4 (December 2007): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202007000400001.
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In this special issue, ecophysiology of major tropical tree crops, considered here on a broader sense and including species such as banana, cashew, cassava, citrus, cocoa, coconut, coffee, mango, papaya, rubber, and tea, are examined. For most of these crops, photosynthesis is treated as a central process affecting growth and crop performance. The crop physiological responses to environmental factors such as water availability and temperature are highlighted. Several gaps in our database concerning ecophysiology of tropical tree crops are indicated, major advances are examined, and needs of further researches are delineated.
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Luo, Hongxia, Maofen Li, Shengpei Dai, Hailiang Li, Yuping Li, Yingying Hu, Qian Zheng, Xuan Yu, and Jihua Fang. "Combinations of Feature Selection and Machine Learning Algorithms for Object-Oriented Betel Palms and Mango Plantations Classification Based on Gaofen-2 Imagery." Remote Sensing 14, no. 7 (April 6, 2022): 1757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14071757.
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Betel palms and mango plantations are two crucial commercial crops in tropical agricultural areas. Accurate spatial distributions of these two crops are essential in tropical agricultural regional planning and management. However, the characteristics of small patches, scattering, and perennation make it challenging to map betel palms and mango plantations in complex tropical agricultural regions. Furthermore, the excessive features of very-high-resolution (VHR) imaging might lead to a reduction in classification accuracy and an increase in computation times. To address these challenges, we selected five feature selection (FS) methods (random forest means a decrease in accuracy (RFMDA), ReliefF, random forest-recursive feature elimination (RFE), aggregated boosted tree (ABT), and logistic regression (LR)) and four machine learning algorithms (random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), classification and regression tree (CART), and adaptive boosting (AdaBoost)). Then, the optimal combinations of FS and machine learning algorithms suited for object-oriented classification of betel palms and mango plantations were explored using VHR Gaofen-2 imagery. In terms of overall accuracy, all optimal classification schemes exceeded 80%, and the classifiers using selected features increased the overall accuracy between 1% and 4% compared with classification without FS methods. Specifically, LR was appropriate to RF and SVM classifiers, which produced the highest classification accuracy (89.1% and 89.88% for RF and SVM, respectively). In contrast, ABT and ReliefF were found to be suitable FS methods for CART and AdaBoost classifiers, respectively. Overall, all four optimal combinations of FS methods and classifiers could precisely recognize mango plantations, whereas betel palms were best depicted by using the RF-LR method with 26 features. The results indicated that combination of feature selection and machine learning algorithms contributed to the object-oriented classification of complex tropical crops using Gaofen-2 imagery, which provide a useful methodological reference for precisely recognizing small tropical agricultural patterns.
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KHAN, Muhammad, and Niaz AHMED. "SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF MANGO NUTRITION FOR BETTER YIELD AND QUALITY." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 53, no. 4 (2021): 473–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.46909/cerce-2020-040.
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Optimum supply of macro and micronutrients is of critical importance in improving the yield and quality of horticultural crops. Alike, the quality and yield of mango plants significantly increase by balanced application and uptake of macro and micronutrients. However, soil type and characteristics are important factors that directly influence the bio-availability of these nutrients to the plants. In addition, variability in climate has an impact on mango yield in the current scenario. Many scientists have found that mango cultivation in saline soils is a major obstacle to achieving the desired yield and improving quality. Overdose of fertilization is the major factor for the development of saline soils, furthermore, rise in climate temperatures is also a major factor. Therefore, to overcome this problem, nutrient management and the use of balanced fertilizer are the important factors to be controlled. Thus, this review focuses on the performance and importance of essential macro and micronutrients to improve the yield and quality of mango fruits. To understand the effective use of macro and micronutrients, the positive and negative impacts of the nutrients are explained. It is suggested that analyzing the soil, mango fruits, and mango plant leaves for their nutrient status can be useful to formulate fertilization strategies for higher fruit production and quality. Research and development, along with agricultural extension, should focus more on introducing genetically effective mango varieties to improve nutrient and water utilization efficiency.
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Konsue, Wilasinee, Tida Dethoup, and Savitree Limtong. "Biological Control of Fruit Rot and Anthracnose of Postharvest Mango by Antagonistic Yeasts from Economic Crops Leaves." Microorganisms 8, no. 3 (February 25, 2020): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8030317.
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To select antagonistic yeasts for the control of fruit rot caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae and anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in postharvest mango fruit, 307 yeast strains isolated from plant leaves were evaluated for their antagonistic activities against these two fungal pathogens in vitro. Torulaspora indica DMKU-RP31, T. indica DMKU-RP35 and Pseudozyma hubeiensis YE-21 were found to inhibit the growth of L. theobromae whereas only Papiliotrema aspenensis DMKU-SP67 inhibited the growth of C. gloeosporioides. Antagonistic mechanisms of these four antagonistic yeasts in vitro consisted of the production of antifungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs), biofilm formation and siderophore production. T. indica DMKU-RP35 was the most effective strain in controlling fruit rot on postharvest mango fruits. Its action was comparable to that of the fungicide, benomyl, reducing the disease severity by 82.4%, whereas benomyl revealed 87.5% reduction. P. aspenensis DMKU-SP67 reduced anthracnose severity by 94.1%, which was comparable to that of using benomyl (93.9%). The antifungal VOCs produced by these yeast strains also reduced the severity of these diseases on postharvest mango fruits but at lower rates than using yeast cells. Therefore, these antagonistic yeasts have the potential for use as biological control agents for the control of fruit rot and anthracnose diseases.
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Santos, Leane Rodrigues dos, Augusto Miguel Nascimento Lima, Marcos Sales Rodrigues, Jailson Cavalcante Cunha, Laura Paula Araújo dos Santos, Emanuelle Mercês Barros Soares, Adriano Victor Lopes da Silva, and Isadora Mororó de Souza. "Does the irrigated mango cultivation in the semiarid change the Physical and chemical attributes of the soil?" Comunicata Scientiae 10, no. 3 (November 1, 2019): 402–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v10i3.2966.
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The replacement of native vegetation by crops may result in changes in the chemical and physical attributes of the soil, preventing the sustainability of the agricultural production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate, in two consecutive years (2014 and 2015), the effect of irrigated mango cultivation in some physical and chemical attributes of the soil in relation to Caatinga in Petrolina-PE, Brazil. In areas under irrigated mango (under the canopy region and the row spacing) and Caatinga (taken as reference), soil samples were collected at the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths. The chemical and physical analyzes were performed, and were calculated bases sum (BS), cations exchangeable capacity (CEC) and base saturation (V, %). The irrigate mango cultivation (canopy region) increased the macronutrients content (P, K, Ca and Mg), BS and V (%) for both evaluated years at the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths. In soil under irrigated mango cultivation (under the canopy region and in the row spacing), the macronutrient contents presented a stochastic pattern in the years of 2014 and 2015. The change of land use, from Caatinga to irrigated mango cultivation, does not induce a negative impact in the soil chemical attributes under the adopted management conditions.
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Huang, Xiaodong, Peter Grace, Keith Weier, and Kerrie Mengersen. "Nitrous oxide emissions from subtropical horticultural soils: a time series analysis." Soil Research 50, no. 7 (2012): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr11100.
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Time series regression models were used to examine the influence of environmental factors (soil water content and soil temperature) on the emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) from subtropical soils, by taking into account temporal lagged environmental factors, autoregressive processes, and seasonality for three horticultural crops in a subtropical region of Australia. Fluxes of N2O, soil water content, and soil temperature were determined simultaneously on a weekly basis over a 12-month period in South East Queensland. Annual N2O emissions for soils under mango, pineapple, and custard apple were 1590, 1156, and 2038 g N2O-N/ha, respectively, with most emissions attributed to nitrification. The N2O-N emitted from the pineapple and custard apple crops was equivalent to 0.26 and 2.22%, respectively, of the applied mineral N. The change in soil water content was the key variable for describing N2O emissions at the weekly time-scale, with soil temperature at a lag of 1 month having a significant influence on average N2O emissions (averaged) at the monthly time-scale across the three crops. After accounting for soil temperature and soil water content, both the weekly and monthly time series regression models exhibited significant autocorrelation at lags of 1–2 weeks and 1–2 months, and significant seasonality for weekly N2O emissions for mango crop and for monthly N2O emissions for mango and custard apple crops in this location over this time-frame. Time series regression models can explain a higher percentage of the temporal variation of N2O emission compared with simple regression models using soil temperature and soil water content as drivers. Taking into account seasonal variability and temporal persistence in N2O emissions associated with soil water content and soil temperature may lead to a reduction in the uncertainty surrounding estimates of N2O emissions based on limited sampling effort.
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Kristiawan, Kristiawan, and Maimunah Maimunah. "KAJIAN KARBON PADA PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK UNGGULAN BUAH-BUAHAN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN DI KABUPATEN TUBAN JAWA TIMUR." VIABEL: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian 14, no. 1 (May 31, 2020): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35457/viabel.v14i1.1006.
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The determination of national and regional leading commodities is the first step towards agricultural development that is based on the concept of efficiency to achieve comparative and competitive advantage in the face of trade globalization. Commodity development that has a comparative advantage in terms of supply is characterized by its superiority in its growth in the biophysical, technological, and socio-economic conditions of farmers in a region. This is important because changes in the external environment through the process of globalization require local governments (provincial / district / city) to increase their competitiveness, so they are able to compete globally. The agricultural commodities in the GRDP structure contribute significantly to the economy in Tuban Regency. The purpose of this study is to describe the typolology of the leading producer of environmentally friendly fruit commodities based on land suitability, determine environmentally friendly superior commodities for fruits in Tuban Regency, analyzing the optimization of the farm management of the development of superior commodities of environmentally friendly fruits in Tuban. Quantitative analysis used in this study is the analysis of regional economic structures using the Location Quotient (LQ) approach, which is the approach used to determine the commodity in an area includes a base or non basis based on harvested area or quantity of production each year. While environmental aspects are approached through the calculation of biomass and carbon content and CO2 uptake of friendly superior fruit crops environment. The results of the study based on the Location Quotient (LQ) method show that the potential of star fruit, red guava and mango commodities in Tuban is classified as base, while citrus fruit is classified as non-base. Socially viable farming based on employment is star fruit farming and economically viable based on income is mango fruit farming and environmentally viable based on carbon biomass is mango fruit farming. Whereas socially, economically and environmentally viable farming is mango fruit. Based on the calculation of carbon biomass, the largest carbon biomass is obtained from mango fruit plants in the amount of 61,823.20 kg / ha. This is because the mango fruit plant has a larger stem than other commodity crops such as star fruit, red guava or orange. In addition, mango commodity plants have a relatively long age so that it has a relatively large carbon biomass. Besides being influenced by plants themselves, carbon biomass that is formed can also be influenced by quality in land management.
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Baeza-Montañez, L., R. Gómez-Cabrera, and M. D. García-Pedrajas. "First Report of Verticillium Wilt Caused by Verticillium dahliae on Mango Trees (Mangifera indica) in Southern Spain." Plant Disease 94, no. 3 (March 2010): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-3-0380c.
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Verticillium wilt, primarily caused by Verticillium dahliae Klebahn and V. albo-atrum Reinke & Berthold, affects a wide range of economically important crops. This disease is an increasing problem in areas where young mango trees are planted on land previously planted in vegetable crops. In 2008, symptoms of Verticillium wilt were observed in mango cvs. Kent and Osteen in the subtropical fruit-producing area of Málaga in southern Spain. In a new mango grove of cv. Kent, previously planted in potatoes and tomatoes, ~20% of 200 1-year-old trees had one-sided branch dieback. In many of these trees the symptoms expanded, leading to decline and eventual death. Cross sections of affected branches revealed brown vascular discoloration. Verticillium was isolated from surface-sterilized segments of symptomatic branches placed on acidic potato dextrose agar (PDA). Plates were incubated at 24°C. After 3 days, slow-growing colonies were transferred to PDA. Verticillium was similarly isolated from symptomatic potato plants grown in a nearby field. Identification of V. dahliae was initially based on morphology and further confirmed by molecular methods. All isolates tested produced microsclerotia, a defining feature that distinguishes V. dahliae from V. albo-atrum. For molecular characterization, V. dahliae specific primers 19 and 22 (1) and universal primers ITS1 and ITS4, which amplify the rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (4), were used. Bands of expected size were amplified with both primer combinations. ITS fragments were sequenced and identical to the V. dahliae reference sequence (GenBank AY555948) (3). Pathogenicity assays were conducted with a selected isolate from mango using tomato plants from the susceptible line ‘Moneymaker’ and the near isogenic ‘Motabo’ line carrying the Ve gene conferring resistance to race 1 isolates. Five 1-month-old plants (four-leaf stage) were inoculated by root immersion in a suspension of 107 conidia/ml. Five control plants were mock inoculated with distilled water. As a positive control, five plants were inoculated with the previously described race 1 strain Dvd-T5 (2), which induces severe symptoms in susceptible tomato cultivars. Symptoms were scored visually at various time points up to 40 days by a 0 to 5 scale in which 0 = negligible chlorosis or wilting, 1 = chlorosis and wilting and/or curling in individual leaves, 2 = necrosis in leaves, 3 = at least one branch dead, 4 = wilt and/or chlorosis in upper leaves and/or two or more branches dead, and 5 = plant dead or all leaves and most of stem necrotic. The isolate from mango caused typical Verticillium wilt symptoms with a mean disease rating of 3.6 at 40 days postinoculation in both lines. The mean disease rating for Dvd-T5 in Moneymaker 40 days postinoculation was 4.0. V. dahliae was reisolated from symptomatic plants but not from noninoculated controls. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Verticillium wilt on mango in Spain. More problems with Verticillium wilt are expected because of the increasing planting of mango in fields previously dedicated to horticultural crops. References: (1) J. H. Carder et al. Modern Assays for Plant Pathogenic Fungi: Identification, Detection and Quantification. CAB International, Oxford, 1994. (2) K. F. Dobinson et al. Can. J. Plant. Pathol. 18:55, 1996. (3) M. P. Pantou et al. Mycol. Res. 109:889, 2005. (4) T. J. White et al. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Amplification. Academic Press, San Diego, 1990.
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Arizpe, A. Sánchez, Ma E. Galindo Cepeda, J. L. Arispe Vázquez, R. Genis Velázquez, M. E. Vázquez Badillo, and A. Antonio Bautista. "Natural resistance of two mango Mangifera indica L. commercial cultivars to anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. Penz. & Sacc." August 2021, no. 15(08):2021 (August 1, 2021): 1198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.08.p3347.
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Mexico ranks first worldwide as the largest mango exporter is one of the more produced tropical fruits worldwide. The need for strategies for the protection of crops, environment and people leads us to investigate disease control methods. The use of resistant cultivars is the most important. In addition, it is advantageous for the producer because it will reduce the cost for disease control. The objective of this research was to evaluate the natural resistance of two mango cultivars against anthracnose, using different spore doses and times of evaluation. The sampling was performed on April 15th, 2018 at an open market placed south of Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. Pathogen was isolated from fruits of Tommy Atkins and Ataulfo mango cultivars showing advanced degrees of black spots collected out from at open markets in Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. The pathogen purification was done by monoconidial cultures and identification was done with morphocultural criteria. Spore suspension was prepared and inoculated on ripe mango fruits using different doses and disease severity was evaluated 6 and 10 days after inoculation using millimetric sheets. A complete random factorial design of three factors was used, where: factor A stands for mango cultivars (Tommy Atkins and Ataulfo), factor B is treatments and factor C stands for times of evaluation. The results are shown as percentage and data was analyzed with factorial analysis using the SAS® 9.1 software. C. gloeosporioides was identified in mango cultivars; with hyaline conidia of 16.90 to 25.12 µm length and 4.33 to 5.18 µm width. The results show cultivars resistant to anthracnose in the study area. Natural resistance against anthracnose was as 80.00 to 93.67 %, thus, mango cultivars showed a certain resistant degree
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Ndah, Njoh Roland, Paul Nanje Ekole, Mbah Harry Agwa, Julie Taku, Celestine Fonyikeh-Bomboh Lucha, and David Tavi Agbor. "Crop Diversification and Sustainability in a Cocoa Agroforestry System in Meme Division South West Region, Cameroon." Asian Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry 9, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajraf/2023/v9i2196.
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The diversification of crops and trees in cocoa agroforestry plays a major role in ecosystem goods and services. This study investigated the effects of crop diversification in a cocoa agroforestry farms. The study is aimed at identifying crops, crops preference and profitability in a cocoa agroforestry. Primary data were collected with the use of structured questionnaires and field observations. A sample size of 118 respondents was identified for the study. Forty (40) farmers each were interviewed in Matoh and Bole while 38 farmers interviewed in Njombe Mbonge. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21. Descriptive statistics were used and Chi square (X2) Goodness-of–fit test was performed to check for association at . Results showed that 65 % of farmers had farm sizes between 2-5 hectares with majority of the farmers being males (72.8 %). The major crops farmers diversified in cocoa agroforestry were plantain, cocoyam, cassava, maize, bush mango, bitter cola and Njangsang. The preferences for cultivation of these crops were mainly for food, income and shades. All respondents (100%) cultivated cocoa for income (X2 cal=113.5, x2tab=7.81). NTFPs were cultivated mainly for income with 61.0 %, for Njangsang (X2 cal=25.1, x2tab=7.81), 37.3 % for Bitter cola (X2cal=17.8, x2tab=7.81) and 47.5 % For Bush mango (X2cal=28.5, x2tab=7.81). An average net farm income (NFI) of 187699.8 FCFA and 238252.9 FCFA was obtained per hectare just for cocoa only and cocoa + diversified crops respectively. A net profit margin of 0.49 and 0.54 were obtained for cocoa only and cocoa + diversified crops respectively. This study recommends that diversifying cocoa with crops and some economic trees will yield better income and improved biodiversity.
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Rahman, Moshiur, Andrew Robson, Surantha Salgadoe, Kerry Walsh, and Mila Bristow. "Exploring the Potential of High Resolution Satellite Imagery for Yield Prediction of Avocado and Mango Crops." Proceedings 36, no. 1 (April 7, 2020): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036154.
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Accurate pre-harvest yield estimation of high value fruit tree crops provides a range of benefits to industry and growers. Currently, yield estimation in Avocado (Persea americana) and Mango (Mangifera indica) orchards is undertaken by a visual count of a limited number of trees. However, this method is labour intensive and can be highly inaccurate if the sampled trees are not representative of the spatial variability occurring across the orchard. This study evaluated the accuracies of high resolution WorldView (WV) 2 and 3 satellite imagery and targeted field sampling for the pre-harvest prediction of yield. A stratified sampling technique was applied in each block to measure relevant yield parameters from eighteen sample trees representing high, medium and low vigour zones (6 from each) based on classified normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) maps. For avocado crops, principal component analysis (PCA) and non-linear regression analysis were applied to 18 derived vegetation indices (VIs) to determine the index with the strongest relationship to the measured yield parameters. For mango, an integrated approach of geometric (tree crown area) and optical (spectral vegetation indices) data using artificial neural network (ANN) model produced more accurate predictions. The results demonstrate that accurate maps of yield variability and total orchard yield can be achieved from WV imagery and targeted sampling; whilst accurate maps of fruit size and the incidence of phytophthora can also be achieved in avocado. These outcomes offer improved forecasting than currently adopted practices and therefore offer great benefit to both the avocado and mango industries.
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Aiello, Dalia, Vladimiro Guarnaccia, Mariangela Benedetta Costanzo, Giuseppa Rosaria Leonardi, Filomena Epifani, Giancarlo Perrone, and Giancarlo Polizzi. "Woody Canker and Shoot Blight Caused by Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthaceae on Mango and Litchi in Italy." Horticulturae 8, no. 4 (April 14, 2022): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8040330.
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In recent years, the cultivation of tropical fruit crops has increased in the Mediterranean basin, especially in southern Italy. In surveys conducted from 2014 to 2019 woody canker and shoot blight were observed on mango plants (cvs. Kent, Keitt, Sensation, Osteen, and Kensington Pride) and litchi plants (cvs. Way Chee and Kwai Mai Pink) cultivated in Sicily. Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthaceae were consistently isolated from symptomatic samples. Morphological characterization and multi-locus phylogenies using three genomic loci (a portion of translation elongation factor 1-α gene, a portion of the β-tubulin gene, and an internal transcribed spacer) identified these fungi as Neofusicoccum parvum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diaporthe foeniculina, and Diaporthe baccae on mango and Diaporthe foeniculina and Diaporthe rudis on litchi. Pathogenicity tests on healthy mango (cv. Kensington Pride) and litchi (cv. Way Chee) plants demonstrated the pathogenicity of the isolates used in the study, and Koch’s postulates were fulfilled for all pathogens. To our knowledge, this is the first report of L. theobromae, B. dothidea, and Diaporthe species on mango in Italy and the first report worldwide of woody canker and shoot blight caused by D. foeniculina and D. rudis on litchi plants.
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Suriati, Luh. "Evaluation of the Quality of Fresh-Cut Mango, Mangosteen, and Rambutan Under Cold Storage." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, no. 91 (November 29, 2022): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jac.91.62.69.
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Fresh-cut tropical fruit is a popular product because it is convenient, healthy, safe, and good quality. Fresh-cut fruits of different types produce different qualities during storage. Mango, mangosteen, and rambutan are three tropical fruits that contain nutrients that are good for health. The research design used a one-factor randomized block design, namely the type of fruit, with three replications. The physical characteristics of the whole fruit are to be processed and determined by their picking age, maturity stage, skin color, and texture. Fresh-cut mango preparation was carried out by peeling and cutting to a size of 4 x 4 x 2cm while mangosteen and rambutan only removed the skin. Fresh-cut mango, mangosteen, and rambutan were stored at a cold temperature of 7±1°C in a plastic box, and periodic observations of days 0, 3, 6, and 9. The quality attributes of fresh-cut fruit during storage that have been observed include acidity, vitamin C, moisture content, total dissolved solids, weight loss, texture, color differences, and browning index. The recommendation of this research is the removal of the skin followed by cutting the fruit as in the mango, the shelf life at cold temperatures is shorter than without cutting, such as mangosteen and rambutan. Fresh-cut mango at cold storage only lasts 3 days, while mangosteen and rambutans last up to 6 days. How to Cite: Luh Suriati, 2022. "Evaluation of the Quality of Fresh-Cut Mango, Mangosteen, and Rambutan Under Cold Storage." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, vol. 9, pp. 62-69.
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Araújo, Alexandre Santos, Leandro do Santos Leal, Lorena Araújo Peixoto Correia, Jennifer da Silva Andrade, Artur Magno Fiais Barreto, Carina Cristina de Oliveira Santos Costa, Amanda Amorim Silva Cardoso, et al. "Commercial extract of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) and mango essence as potential attractants for Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae)." EntomoBrasilis 15 (December 10, 2022): e1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v15.e1008.
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Various host compounds have been investigated to produce an alternative attractant for monitoring and controlling pest insects. Several studies evidenced that volatile molecules released by coffee and mangoes attracted both male and female Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), a significant pest in fruit crops. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of the commercial glycolic extract of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) and a commercial mango essence (Mangifera indica L.) to attract C. capitata. We identified the main volatile compounds (VOCs) emitted from such products. The experiments were conducted in field cages and showed that the glycolic extract of coffee attracts both sexes of C. capitata, while the mango essence attracts only males. After seven days, the pH of the coffee extract and mango essence did not change. These results indicate that attractants based on commercial fruit extracts and essences can be an option for integrated pest management of the Mediterranean fruit fly in orchards.
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C, Mohammed Nizam, Nisy S, Vishnu Narayan, Mohammed Abbaz, Harikrishnan M, Athira M M, and Vinya U. "Comparative Study on Soil Microbes from Muthalamada Mango Farms." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41989.
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Abstract: Use of chemical pesticide to increase crop yield, especially in high income generating crops are common all over the world. Adverse effects of chemical pesticides on humans are a well-known. Application of chemical pesticides change the bio diversity starting from agricultural field and eventually making its way to natural ecosystem. The harmful effects of pesticide are often forgot because how the agroindustry and pesticides markets generate huge incomes since it is a multibillion-dollar market. The chemical pesticide changes the bio diversity of soil, affecting earthworms, nematodes, protozoa to various microbial communities which are essential for proper functioning of ecosystems. Microbial community is essential part of soil ecosystem, they directly influence various nutrient cycles and nutritional values of soil. The use of chemical pesticides affects the natural enzymes and functioning of bacteria and inhibits the production of useful enzymes and secondary metabolites, which helps in crop yield. In this study, soil samples from three mango farms were collected and the microbial load were analyzed. The study revealed that the mango farm which adopted organic farming technique combined with need based and approved amounts of pesticides having more soil bacteria compared to very less amount of microbial load in mango farm using chemical pesticides in Muthalamada, Mango City of Kerala. Use of organic farming along with the integration of approved pesticides in a controlled manner on agriculture fields improves crop yield without any harmful effects to the environment. Keywords: Mango, Organic farming, Pesticides, Muthalamada.
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Eke, A. B. "DEVELOPMENT OF DIRECT MODE NATURAL CONVECTION SOLAR DRYER FOR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT CROPS." American Journal of Agricultural Science, Engineering, and Technology 1, no. 1 (March 29, 2017): 30–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajaset.v1i1.13.
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Farmers find it extremely difficult and in most cases impossible to process and preserve high moisture content crops by normal open sun drying. In order to ameliorate this identifiedproblem, five direct mode natural convection flat plate high moisture content solar dryers weredesigned and constructed with locally available materials. Sliced fresh ripened Ronita Cultivartomato and mango as well as fresh okra, carrot and onion were used to test run the solar dryers.While the samples of the same crops dried in open sun were used as control. The tests wereconducted in the months of January, February, March and April, 2005 and the average ambientvalues 31.4 oC, 16.11 %, 1.32 m/s and 570.9 W/m2 for temperature, relative humidity, windspeed and solar energy radiation respectively, were used in the analysis. Evaluation of dryingsystems’ performances indicated that over 50 percent savings in drying time was achieved withthe solar dryers as compared to the open sun drying. Also the system drying efficiencies of thedryers revealed that tomato, onion, okra, mango and carrot dried in solar dryers attained 105.85,66 60, 64.25, 100.00 and 93.97 percent respectively higher than the system drying efficiencies ofthe same samples dried in open sun. Each of the dryers generated an average daily drying airtemperature of over 49oC and less than 55oC.
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Zafar, Mahniya, Naved Hamid, and Fatima Arshad. "Are Agricultural Markets in the Punjab Technically Efficient?" LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 25, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 89–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2020.v25.i1.a4.
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We testthe technical efficiency, measured by the degreeof integration,of agriculture marketsfor five crops in the Punjabprovince of Pakistanusing daily wholesale market prices from the Agriculture Management Information System (AMIS). We findthat potato, onion and mango markets are well integrated both horizontally and vertically, with the speed of price adjustment in most cases (mango isthe exception) being very rapid. We also find that kinnow and basmati rice markets are bothvertically fairly well integrated. Furthermore, we findthat trends in cropping patternsover the period 2000 to 2014 are in line with the changing market demand and government priceinterventions. The reformsintroducedby thePunjab Agriculture Marketing Regulatory Authority (PAMRA) Act 2020,aimed atincreasing competition in agriculture markets,have the potential tosignificantly improve economic efficiency.
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Ploetz, Randy C. "Fusarium-Induced Diseases of Tropical, Perennial Crops." Phytopathology® 96, no. 6 (June 2006): 648–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-96-0648.
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The world's oldest ecosystems are found in the tropics. They are diverse, highly evolved, but barely understood. This and subsequent papers describe diseases of tropical, perennial plants that are caused by Fusarium spp. Many of these are economically significant, difficult to manage, and of scientific interest. Some represent coevolved patho-systems (e.g., Panama disease, tracheomycosis of coffee, fusariosis of pineapple, and Fusarium wilt of oil palm), whereas others may be new-encounter diseases or are caused by generalist pathogens (cushion gall of cacao). New vector relationships are evident in other pathosystems (e.g., mango malformation), and two or more pathogens have been shown to cause some of the diseases (Panama disease and tracheomycosis of coffee). More work on these pathosystems is warranted as they could reveal much about the evolution of plant pathogens and the important diseases they cause.
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Harrington, Thomas C., Daniel J. Thorpe, and Acelino C. Alfenas. "Genetic Variation and Variation in Aggressiveness to Native and Exotic Hosts Among Brazilian Populations of Ceratocystis fimbriata." Phytopathology® 101, no. 5 (May 2011): 555–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-08-10-0228.
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Ceratocystis fimbriata is a complex of many species that cause wilt and cankers on woody plants and rot of storage roots or corms of many economically important crops worldwide. In Brazil, C. fimbriata infects different cultivated crop plants that are not native to Brazil, including Gmelina arborea, Eucalyptus spp., Mangifera indica (mango), Ficus carica (fig), and Colocasia esculenta (inhame). Phylogenetic analyses and inoculation studies were performed to test the hypothesis that there are host-specialized lineages of C. fimbriata in Brazil. The internal transcribed spacer region ribosomal DNA sequences varied greatly but there was little resolution of lineages based on these sequences. A portion of the MAT1-2 mating type gene showed less variation, and this variation corresponded more closely with host of origin. However, mango isolates were found scattered throughout the tree. Inoculation experiments on the five exotic hosts showed substantial variation in aggressiveness within and among pathogen populations. Native hosts from the same families as the exotic hosts tended to be less susceptible than the cultivated hosts, but there was little correlation between aggressiveness to the cultivated and native hosts of the same family. Cultivation and vegetative propagation of exotic crops may select for strains that are particularly aggressive on those crops.
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Cruz, Javier Ruiz-De La, Alfonso Vásquez-López, Axel P. Retana-Salazar, José Antonio Mora-Aguilera, and Roberto Johansen-Naime. "A New Species ofAeolothrips(Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae) from Mango Crops in Oaxaca, Mexico." Florida Entomologist 96, no. 1 (March 2013): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1653/024.096.0104.
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Chavan, Prasad, Gagandeep Kaur Sidhu, and Amit K. Jaiswal. "Performance Evaluation of Mobile Liquid Cooled Thermoelectric Refrigeration System for Storage-Cum-Transportation of Fruits and Vegetables." Foods 11, no. 13 (June 26, 2022): 1896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11131896.
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The performance of a liquid-cooled thermoelectric refrigeration (LCTR) system for the storage of summer fruits and vegetables, viz., bitter gourd, okra, mango, and papaya, indicated notable results for physiological loss in weight, firmness, and colour values and overall acceptability of the crop. The LCTR system significantly reduced (p < 0.0001) the physiological loss in weight (PLW) of bitter gourd, okra, mango, and papaya to 11.51%, 10.99%, 12.29%, and 19.17%, respectively, compared to conventional ambient storage of the crop. A lesser change in colour was observed for the crop subjected to LCTR, recording 14.04, 11.46, 16.41, and 23.68 for bitter gourd, okra, mango, and papaya, respectively. All the crops witnessed no significant effect (p < 0.0001) on the quality attributes of the crop stored in LCTR and a vapour compression refrigeration system. LCTR enabled a pronounced increment in the shelf life of bitter gourd, okra, mango, and papaya by 7, 8, 10, and 13 days, respectively, compared to storage at ambient conditions. The invention provides a mobile thermoelectric refrigeration system useful for marketing fruits and vegetables efficiently. The system is economical, has a higher coefficient of performance (0.85) compared to the coefficient of performance (COP) of the existing thermoelectric refrigeration system, and maintains the freshness and quality of perishable agricultural produce during marketing and transportation.
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JM. Gining, R. A., S. S. M. Fauzi, N. M. Yusoff, T. R. Razak, M. H. Ismail, N. A. Zaki, and F. Abdullah. "Harumanis mango leaf disease recognition system using image processing technique." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i1.pp378-386.
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Current Harumanismango farming technique in Malaysia still mostlydepends on the farmers' own expertise to monitor the crops from the attack ofpests and insects. This approach is susceptible to human errors, and thosewho do not possess this skill may not be able to detect the disease at the righttime. As leaf diseases seriously affect the crop's growth and the quality of theyield, this study aims to develop a recognition system that detects thepresence of disease in the mango leaf using image processing technique.First, the image is acquired through a smartphone camera; once it has beenpre-processed, it is then segmented in which the RGB image is converted toan HSI image, then the features are extracted. Lastly, the classification ofdisease is done to determine thetype of leaf disease. The proposed systemeffectively detects and classify the disease with an accuracy of 68.89%. Thefindings of this project will contribute to farmers and society's benefit, andresearchers can use the approach to address similar issues in future works.