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Journal articles on the topic 'Mangroves'
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1
Dong, Heng, Yifan Gao, Riqing Chen, and Lifang Wei. "MangroveSeg: Deep-Supervision-Guided Feature Aggregation Network for Mangrove Detection and Segmentation in Satellite Images." Forests 15, no. 1 (January 8, 2024): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15010127.
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Mangrove forests are significant participants in coastal ecological environment systems. For the development of protection strategies, it is crucial to automatically and accurately detect the distribution and area of mangroves using satellite images. Although many deep-learning-based mangrove detection and segmentation algorithms have made notable progress, the complex regional structures and the great similarity between mangroves and the surrounding environment, as well as the diversity of mangroves, render the task still challenging. To cover these issues, we propose a novel deep-supervision-guided feature aggregation network for mangrove detection and segmentation called MangroveSeg, which is based on a U-shaped structure with ResNet, combining an attention mechanism and a multi-scale feature extraction framework. We also consider the detection and segmentation of mangroves as camouflage detection problems for the improvement and enhancement of accuracy. To determine more information from extracted feature maps in a hidden layer, a deep supervision model is introduced in up-sampling to enhance feature representation. The spatial attention mechanism with attention gates is utilized to highlight significant regions and suppress task-independent feature responses. The feature fusion module can obtain multi-scale information by binding each layer to the underlying information and update feature mappings. We validated our framework for mangrove detection and segmentation using a satellite image dataset, which includes 4000 images comprising 256 × 256 pixels; we used 3002 for training and 998 for testing. The satellite images dataset was obtained from the Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve located in Haikou City, Hainan Province, China. The proposed method achieved a 89.58% overall accuracy, 89.02% precision, and 80.7% mIoU. We also used the trained MangroveSeg model to detect mangroves on satellite images from other regions. We evaluated the statistical square measure of some mangrove areas and found that the evaluation accuracy can reach 96% using MangroveSeg. The proposed MangroveSeg model can automatically and accurately detect the distribution and area of mangroves from satellite images, which provides a method for monitoring the ecological environment.
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Tanu, Ferdouse Zaman, Ko Hinokidani, Yasuhiro Asakura, Satoshi Takahashi, and Yasuhiro Nakanishi. "An Assessment of Mangrove Ecosystem Condition by Foliar Stable Nitrogen Isotope Ratio Index in Okinawa, Japan." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 22 (December 11, 2023): 893–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i224201.
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Despite providing valuable ecosystem services, mangroves are endangered under the recent global natural as well as anthropogenic changes. Conservation of mangroves is now one of the pillars of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2030. An assessment of mangrove is essential before initializing any conservation strategy. This paper aimed to assess the ecosystem conditions of mangroves and the relative changes in ecosystem conditions from the natural background under different scales of anthropogenic interruption in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. To assess mangrove’s ecosystem condition, foliar stable nitrogen isotope ratio (δ15N) of mangroves is used as ecosystem monitoring indicator. Whereas, a difference index (DI) of mangrove foliar δ15N is established to compare the relative deviation in ecosystem conditions of anthropogenically impacted mangroves from reference mangroves. Results showed that the mean foliar δ15N values of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Kandelia obovata, and Rhizophora stylosa on Okinawa Island (Is.) are 5.12 ± 2.32‰, 7.54 ± 2.85‰ and 7.09 ± 3.29‰, respectively, on Iriomote Is., 1.83 ± 1.93‰, 2.01 ± 0.31‰ and 1.04 ± 2.38‰, respectively, and on Ishigaki Is., foliar δ15N values of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Rhizophora stylosa are 5.23 ± 3.33‰ and 6.00 ± 3.63‰, respectively. A range of negative to positive values from -0.54 to 3.66 of DI indicates different level of changes in ecosystem conditions of the mangroves compared to the reference sites, which is set at zero. A significant negative correlation between DI values and the forest area ratio of the watersheds has been observed. It indicates that the forest cover is the driver of maintaining pristine condition of an ecosystem. Findings of the study recommended that Todoroki and Manko mangrove watersheds in Okinawa, Japan should be taken into consideration for necessary conservation on priority basis.
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Duryat, Duryat, Rommy Qurniati, Heryandi Heryandi, Machya Kartika Tsani, Surnayanti Surnayanti, and Dadi Anesa. "Counseling to increase public awareness of mangrove forest conservation." Community Empowerment 7, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/ce.5997.
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Margasari village has a mangrove area of approximately 700 ha. As the main actors in mangrove management, the people of Margasari Village need to be equipped with basic knowledge about the role and function of mangroves, mangrove zoning, and types of mangrove vegetation. The purpose of this activity is to increase people's knowledge about mangroves, change people's mindsets towards mangrove conservation, and improve the ability to manage and use mangroves wisely and sustainably. Lectures and discussions as well as demonstrations are used as outreach methods. This activity is able to increase public understanding of the role and function of mangroves, so that it can change the mindset of people who are afraid of the law in maintaining mangroves and they can participate in preserving mangroves. A good understanding of mangrove zoning will change the mindset of the community, which initially considered the most important mangrove plant species to be Rhizophora spp, to all types of mangrove vegetation having an important role in the ecosystem. Increased knowledge about mangrove vegetation types has provided awareness that the Margasari Village area has a very favorable location for various types of mangroves, so that it can be optimized to improve community welfare.
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Tai, Akira, Akihiro Hashimoto, Takuya Oba, Kazuki Kawai, Kazuaki Otsuki, Hiromitsu Nagasaka, and Tomonori Saita. "Growth of Mangrove Forests and the Influence on Flood Disaster at Amami Oshima Island, Japan." Journal of Disaster Research 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2015): 486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2015.p0486.
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“Mangrove” is the generic name for plants growing on tropical and subtropical tidal flats. The mangrove is used for many things, including disaster protecting land from high waves and tides and tsunamis, cleaning rivers and drainage containing soil and sand, and providing a variety of organisms with living space. Climate change and rising sea levels are threatening the future of the mangrove. Developing effective ways to conserve mangroves is thus needed, but more must be known about how the mangrove’s ecology and how it develops. It has been pointed out, for example, that mangroves increased flooding by the Sumiyo River in Amami Oshima. We studied ways to develop the mangrove at the Sumiyo River mouth in Amami Oshima and its influence in local flooding, finding that the current mangrove forest had little influence on flooding and that sediment deposition accelerating in Sumiyo Bay due to a sea dike could enlarge the mangrove forest in future.
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Mendrofa, Septinus, Rahmat Kurnia, and Niken T. M. Pratiwi. "LAND CHANGES AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES OF MANGROVE IN SAWO DISTRICT, NORTH NIAS REGENCY, NORTH SUMATERA PROVINCE." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis 9, no. 2 (January 2, 2018): 499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v9i2.19286.
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One of the resources that has potential to utilization is a mangrove ecosystem. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the area of mangroves, analyze the causes of destruction of mangroves, and formulate strategies for sustainability management of mangroves in Sawo District. The changes in the area of mangroves was identified from imagery and analyzed by ArcGis 10.2.2. The causes of mangrove destruction was analyzed from the data collected from the stakeholders in Sawo District that related to management of mangroves in district level, regency level, and province. The data was analyzed by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to formulate the strategies for sustainability management of mangroves. The result of landsat imagery showed that, mangrove area has decreased about 17,405 ha within a decade. Mangrove destruction was caused by human activities, such as logging and conversion of mangrove land into agriculture. The main strategy for sustainability management of mangroves was community’s empowerment, then followed by others alternatives. Keywords: AHP, coastal, destruction, ecosystem, landsat
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Adi Parman Rudia, La Ode, Izal, Muhamad Azwar Syah, Phradiansyah, and La Ode Abdul Fajar Hasidu. "Mangrove Nursery Training fo Marine and Fisheries Student Group in Buton Tengah Regency." Majalah Pengabdian Indonesia 1, no. 1 (April 2, 2024): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.69616/m.v1i1.6.
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Mangrove degradation that occurs in various regions of Southeast Sulawesi, especially in Mawasangka sub-district, Central Buton Regency, is caused by several factors, one of which is the conversion of mangroves into ponds. Real action is needed in mangrove rehabilitation efforts. Some concrete actions in mangrove rehabilitation efforts include species recognition activities as well as mangrove nurseries, which can later be used as a source of seeds for mangrove planting activities. This activity aims to provide understanding to students of the Marine Science and Fisheries Science Study Program regarding the types of mangroves, seed selection, and how to seed mangroves. The methods used in carrying out this activity were a survey of mangrove locations, introduction of mangrove species, selection of seeds, nurseries, and evaluation of activities. A mangrove location survey was carried out to inspect mangrove areas that were open due to conversion into ponds. Species introduction is carried out directly in the mangrove area around the pond. Seed selection is carried out on mangrove propagules that meet the requirements as a seed source. Mangrove seeding is carried out on previously selected mangrove species. Meanwhile, evaluations are carried out 30 days after planting, to see the level of success of mangrove seedlings in growing. The results obtained were that there were 16 types of mangroves, with 4 types of mangroves used as seed sources, namely R. apiculata, R. mucronata, C. tagal, and B. gymnorrhiza. There are a total of 1200 mangrove seedlings that have successfully grown, with a growth success rate of 100%. Apart from that, the participants' capacity in the aspect of introducing types of mangroves, how to seed several types of mangroves, and how to select good seeds has increased. Meanwhile, the participants had a very good understanding of the function and role of mangroves for the environment and society.
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Bambang Respati, Bambang Imawan, Agus Kurniawan, and Pratama Bimo Purwanto. "The Effect of Cultivating Rhizopora mucronate sp with Domang Method on Mangrove Survival Rate in Klayas Village." ENVIBILITY: Journal of Environmental and Sustainability Studies 1, no. 2 (October 5, 2023): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.55381/envibility.v1i2.200.
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Mangroves are one of the coastal plants that have various benefits. One of the benefits of mangroves is preventing abrasion. However, in some cases the survival rate for the mangroves is low due to various influencing factors, one of which is water conditions. Therefore, intervention is needed to increase the survival rate of mangroves. One intervention that can be carried out is by implementing Domang (Donat Mangrove) planting method which aims to protect mangrove seedlings from extreme water conditions. This method was implemented in Klayas Village which is in the strait area. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of Donat Mangrove in increasing the survival rate of mangroves in Klayas Village. So far, the survival rate for mangrove planting in Klayas Village is only around 12% due to the extreme water conditions. However, Donat Mangrove method effectively increases the survival rate of mangrove planting by up to 31%. This shows that the application of Donat Mangrove planting method is effective in increasing the survival rate of mangroves in Klayas Village.
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Hanca, Nambi, Dwi Putri, Febbry Nurul, Naomi Betris, Rahmat Mushandi, Cahyadi Setiawan, and Lia Kusumawati. "OPTIMALISASI KEBERADAAN EKOSISTEM MANGGROVE UNTUK MENCEGAH ABRASI PANTAI DI PULAU TIDUNG." Jurnal Borneo Saintek 6, no. 1 (July 27, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.35334/borneo_saintek.v6i1.4196.
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The existence of mangroves is an ecosystem unit located in coastal areas. Coastal areas that have a lot of existence of mangrove ecosystems, of course these coastal areas will be well maintained and minimize the impact of damage that arises, as well as many marine life that is guaranteed. Mangroves have benefits as a place to live, find food, and breed marine biota. The classification of mangrove trees on Tidung Island can be differentiated based on the presence of elements present in the mangroves, namely the shape of the leaves, the shape of the stems, and the mangrove roots that stick into the coastal surface. Generally, the mangroves on Tidung Island are still around the coast. Efforts to optimize distribution in planting mangrove ecosystems are of course still being attempted in handling the preservation of coastal ecosystems around Tidung Island, both from the government and the surrounding community. The height of the mangroves on Tidung Island can be measured by how long the mangroves have been planted. The taller the mangrove trees, the greater the benefits provided to communities around the coast. In addition, mangroves can also function to prevent abrasion as well as marine biota as a place for carbon absorption (blue carbon) because basically mangroves are an important element in efforts to blue carbon in coastal areas which are useful for the continuation of human life.
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Jain, Ankrati, Surisetty Arunkumar, Alpana Shukla, Hitesh Solanki, and H. B. Chauhan. "HEALTH ASSESSMENT MODELING OF MANGROVES: A CASE STUDY OF PURNA ESTUARY, GUJARAT, INDIA." International Association of Biologicals and Computational Digest 1, no. 2 (October 5, 2022): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.56588/iabcd.v1i2.55.
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This paper quantifies the present status of Mangrove covers in the estuarine region of Purna River, Gujarat. Mangroves health assessment and change detection is modelled after contemplation of important health indicators such as canopy cover, drainage density, erosion and accretion, reclamation activities, and natural regeneration. The weightage of each parameter is given based on its relative importance in mangrove’s health. The entire study area is overlaid with a uniform grid of 1 × 1 hectare, where each parameter is calculated and mapped using multispectral LISS-IV satellite imageries of different time frames between 2008 and 2018 along with the in-situ field measurements. Our analysis showed that the mangrove area of approximately 0.094 sq.km has been degraded from 2008 to 2018 and about 0.126 sq.km has undergone degradation. Whereas the mangroves present on island patches are showing an improvement especially observed along the creek. The area under the pristine health condition of mangroves has been reduced to 0.336 sq. km. One of the major reasons was the construction of aquaculture ponds, which was increased from 2.937 sq.km in 2014 to 7.659 sq.km in 2018. The secondary factor is the wave activity near the mouth of the estuary, which is causing severe erosion along the coast and thereby affecting the mangrove trees.
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Kamil, Ernie Amira, Husna Takaijudin, and Ahmad Mustafa Hashim. "Mangroves As Coastal Bio-Shield: A Review of Mangroves Performance in Wave Attenuation." Civil Engineering Journal 7, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 1964–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2021-03091772.
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Mangroves have been recognized as soft structures that provide coastline protection. The capability of dampening waves helps minimize destruction from catastrophic events including erosive wave attacks, torrential storms, and tsunamis. Mangroves act as the first line of coastal defense in natural tragedies such as during the Super Typhoon Haiyan 2013 and Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004, whereby the leeward mangrove area encountered less damage than the unprotected area. This has further brought the attention of researchers to study the attenuation performance of these coastal vegetations. Based on an extensive literature review, this paper discusses the attenuation mechanism of mangroves, the factors influencing the dissipation performance, studies on mangrove dissipation via different approaches, the dissipation efficiency, mangrove conservation and rehabilitation efforts in Malaysia and implementation of mangrove as coastal bio-shield in other countries. The study highlights that mangrove parameters (such as species, width, density etc.) and wave parameters (such as wave period and incident wave height) are among the contributing factors in mangroves-induced wave attenuation, with different efficiency rates performed by different mangroves and waves parameters. Towards that end, several improvements are proposed for future research such as to incorporate all influencing dissipation factors with specific analysis for each species of mangroves, to perform validation on the studied mangroves attenuation capacity in different settings and circumstances, as well as to address the extent of protection by the rehabilitated mangroves. A systematic and effective management strategy incorporating ecological, forestry, and coastal engineering knowledge should be considered to ensure a sustainable mangroves ecosystem and promising coastline protection by mangroves. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091772 Full Text: PDF
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Supriandi, Supriandi, Neri Kautsari, Akbar Sapilin, Rahmawati Rahmawati, Ilham Syahputra, Agum Rhismanda, Tezar Rafandi, and Teguh Dwi Dharmawan. "Rehabilitasi Mangrove untuk Mendukung Perikanan Berkelanjutan dan Mitigasi Iklim di Desa Labuhan Kuris Kabupaten Sumbawa." Agrokreatif: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 10, no. 1 (March 25, 2024): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrokreatif.10.1.112-124.
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The mangrove ecosystems in Labuhan Kuris Village, Lape Subdistrict, Sumbawa Regency are degraded. The area of mangrove ecosystems is categorized as good; it has decreased, potentially impacting the decline in fisheries' productivity, global warming, and other effects. This community service activity aims to rehabilitate mangroves through education and mangrove planting. The stages of this activity include an initial survey of community knowledge (pre-test) regarding mangroves, education and discussion sessions (talk shows), mangrove planting, and monitoring and evaluation. Meanwhile, the target audience for this activity is adult community members. Interviews using questionnaires were conducted to assess the community's initial understanding of mangroves. An educational session on the roles of mangroves was conducted by providing materials and distributing stickers about the roles of mangroves, and sessions. An evaluation of understanding levels was performed through post-tests, while monitoring and evaluation were conducted using direct observation methods in the field. Post-test results showed that 88% of the target audience understand the function of mangroves, 96% stated that mangroves ' role is to protect fish and crabs, while only 60% answered that mangroves have roles in climate mitigation. The number of participants in the educational session was 50 people. The mangrove species planted was Rhizophora sp. On this occasion, 1000 mangrove seedlings were planted, and the number of community members involved in mangrove planting was 220. Monitoring and evaluation results indicated that some plants were damaged due to trampling by livestock. Thus, mitigation was done by fencing around the planting area. Overall, the community actively participated from the beginning to the end of the activities. This condition indicates that the community is highly concerned about mangrove management. However, community participation in mangrove management should be improved.
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Nurcahyani, Nadya Fiqi. "Analysis of Changes in Area and Density of Mangroves through Landsat 8 Satellite Image Processing." Jurnal Jartel: Jurnal Jaringan Telekomunikasi 9, no. 2 (June 19, 2019): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jartel.v9i2.175.
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Mangrove forests have high ecological, economic and social values ??which function to maintain shoreline stability, protect beaches and riverbanks, filter and remediate waste, and to withstand floods and waves. The facts show that mangrove damage is everywhere, even the intensity of damage and its area tends to increase significantly. Many roles of mangroves require proper management to maintain the existence of mangroves. One way to determine the area of ??mangroves is by processing Landsat 8 satellite imagery. The stages of mangrove identification are carried out by using 564 RGB band merger, then separating the mangrove and non-mangrove objects. Next step is to analyze the density of mangroves using NDVI formula. To maximize monitoring of mangrove area, an android application was created that provides information on the area and density of mangroves at several locations, namely Clungup, Bangsong Teluk Asmara and Cengkrong from 2015 to 2018.The results showed that Landsat 8 satellite imagery can be used to identify changes in the area of ??mangrove forests with good accuracy, namely in the Clungup area of ??90% and Cengkrong of 86.67%. From processing results, the mangrove area in the Clungup area has also decreased from 2015 to 2017 but has increased in 2018 so that the application provides recommendations for embroidering mangroves in 2016 to 2017 and mangrove recommendations are maintained in 2018. As for Bangsong Teluk area Asmara and Cengkrong have increased the area of ??mangroves every year so that the application provides recommendations to be maintained from 2016 to 2018.
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Maryam, Siti, Entin Daningsih, and Asriah Nurdini Mardiyyaningsih. "Identifikasi Tumbuhan Mangrove di Hutan Lindung Padu Empat-Lebak Kerawang Desa Batu Ampar Kabupaten Kubu Raya." Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2024): 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/bioscientist.v12i1.11285.
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Mangroves in Batu Ampar Village, West Kalimantan Province are under threat of damage because they are used as various commercial purposes by the local community such as logging mangrove trees for the mangrove charcoal industry. Mangroves have a vital functions for the environment, so that mangrove conservation is necessary. One of the mangrove conservation efforts is to know the types of mangrove plants in an area. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of mangrove plants and categorize into major, minor and associated mangroves found in the Padu Empat-Lebak Kerawang Protection Forest, Batu Ampar Village, West Kalimantan. Data collection used a survey method with a zig-zag cruising technique. There were 3 routes used in this research. The herbarium was made to facilitate the identification of mangrove plants. The identification results showed that there were 7 species of mangrove which included in 5 families: Rhizophoraceae, Arecaceae, Meliaceae, Pteridaceae, and Moraceae. The seven species found were divided into 3 mangrove groups, namely 4 major mangroves including Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and Nypa fruticans; 2 minor mangroves including Xylocarpus granatum and Acrostichum speciosum, and 1 associated mangrove, namely Ficus retusa.
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P.V, Gayathri, and Lalitha C.R. "DETERMINATION OF CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT OF SOME MANGROVES AND ASSOCIATED PLANT SPECIES OF PAYANGADI, KANNUR." Kongunadu Research Journal 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj249.
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Mangroves are trees inhabiting the intertidal zones of tropical and subtropical coast. They are classified as true mangroves and mangrove associates. In the present study leaf samples of various age groups from five mangrove species and six mangrove associated species were selected for the estimation of chlorophyll content. True mangroves showed comparatively high amount of chlorophyll than mangrove associates and moreover in medium aged leaves chlorophyll contents were more than young and old leaves.
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Fillyaw, Rebecca M., Melinda J. Donnelly, Jason W. Litwak, Julia L. Rifenberg, and Linda J. Walters. "Strategies for Successful Mangrove Living Shoreline Stabilizations in Shallow Water Subtropical Estuaries." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 22, 2021): 11704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111704.
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By combatting erosion and increasing habitat, mangrove living shorelines are an effective alternative to hard-armoring in tropical and subtropical areas. An experimental red mangrove living shoreline was deployed within Mosquito Lagoon, Florida, using a factorial design to test the impact of mangrove age, breakwater presence, and mangrove placement on mangrove survival within the first year of deployment. Mixed mangrove age treatments were included to identify if seedling (11-month-old) survival could be enhanced by the presence of transitional (23-month-old) and adult (35 to 47-month-old) mangroves. Environmental factors were monitored to detect possible causes of mangrove mortalities. Approximately half (50.6%) of mangroves died, and of those, 90.7% occurred within the annual high-water season, and 88.9% showed signs of flooding stress. Planting seedlings haphazardly among older mangroves did not attenuate enough wave energy to significantly increase seedling survival. Breakwaters alleviated stress through a reduction in water velocity and wave height, increasing the odds of survival by 197% and 437% when mangroves were planted in the landward and seaward rows, respectively. Compared to seedlings, deployment of adult mangroves increased survival odds by 1087%. Collectively, our results indicate that sites with a high-water season should utilize a breakwater structure and mangroves with a woody stem.
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Abbas, Nasir, Nimra Khan, and Warda Habib. "Monitoring of Mangrove Cover of Western Indus Delta Karachi Pakistan." Vol 3 Issue 2 3, no. 2 (April 25, 2021): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2021030202.
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The coastline of Pakistan comprises of five significant sites comprising of mangroves including Indus Delta which contains extensive mangroves zones and termed as the largest arid mangrove found globally. This study evaluate the current extent of mangroves along the Western edge of Indus Delta and provide the most recent forest cover assessment of mangroves. Moreover, this study identifies the changes occurred in forest cover from the years 2000 to 2020. Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM), 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Landsat 7 ETM data were used for mangroves mapping through supervised classification method. The results displayed that total area of mangrove forest cover was nearly 279.094km², 395.77km², 306.58km² in the years 2000, 2010 and 2020 respectively. This study indicates an increase in area of mangrove cover from 29% to 41% from the year 2000 to 2010. Regeneration of mangrove mostly took place around the southern region of the Indus Delta. The mangrove specie has decreased from 41% to 31% from the year 2010 to 2020. The major causes of this reduction were urban water and industrial pollution, over-fishing in Indus delta, freshwater diversion for agriculture, and overharvesting of mangroves by the local communities, coastal erosion and sedimentation.
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Gunathilaka, M. D. K. L., and W. T. S. Harhana. "The Implementation of the Mangrove Quality Index: A Way to Overcome Overestimation and Classification Concerns in Detecting Mangrove Forest Cover." International Journal of Environment, Engineering and Education 5, no. 1 (April 27, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.55151/ijeedu.v5i1.85.
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The increasing applications of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) for mapping, predicting, and monitoring are practical for sustainable mangrove ecosystem management. This study evaluated various geospatial techniques for detecting healthy mangroves on the eastern coast of Sri Lanka, including single spectral indices, supervised/unsupervised classification, and developed methods using Landsat data. The use of medium-resolution satellite data and the uniqueness of the mangrove ecosystem are generally involved in discriminating healthy mangroves from non-mangrove areas. This study focused on detecting degraded narrow patches of mangroves on the Eastern coast of Sri Lanka using Landsat 8 remote sensing data and five vegetation indices. The accuracy of the results was assessed using randomly generated points. The study used ArcGIS Desktop software for processing, analyzing, and integrating spatial data to meet the research objectives. The mangroves were detected using Landsat 8 OLI satellite images from 2018 and 2021. The results showed high overestimation/underestimation and misclassification of mangroves, thus applying Mangrove Quality Index (MQI). Findings of MQI provide insights into overall mangrove health and identify three degradation classes of mangroves on the Eastern coast of Sri Lanka. The application of MQI in well-developed and degraded mangrove ecosystems merits further investigations, which provide reliable information for conservation priorities.
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Natsir, Nur Alim, and Asyik Nur Allifah AF. "Penyuluhan dan Rehabilitasi Hutan Mangrove dalam Upaya Mencegah Bencana Banjir di Perairan Desa Waiheru." MANGENTE: JURNAL PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT 1, no. 2 (May 27, 2022): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.33477/mangente.v1i2.2723.
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The Mangrove Ecosystem is an ecosystem that has unique and distinctive characteristics. The potential for biodiversity that has attracted all groups to take advantage of it so that the population and diversity is reduced. Awareness of the importance of mangrove ecosystems is not fully owned by the community due to several factors including knowledge about the role of mangroves in life and solutions to restore mangrove populations. The service program is carried out in collaboration with the Maritime Zone Marine Security Agency (BAKAMLA) of the Ambon Maritime Zone and the Waiheru Village community. The purpose and benefits of this service activity are to provide counseling about the importance of maintaining coastal ecosystems, especially mangroves, provide knowledge about how to plant mangroves, build public awareness to pay more attention to the environment and maintain ecosystems, one of the activities that can preserve the balance of the mangrove ecosystem, and provide knowledge to the community. students who are directly involved in the mangrove planting process. The methods used include counseling and planting mangroves in beach of Waiheru Village, Ambon. The results of the service show the extraordinary attention of the community with the planting of mangroves and the message of the importance of mangroves on the coast is conveyed so that it changes people's behavior so that they always protect the coastal environment and utilize mangroves by not exceeding the limit. Keywords: mangrove, coastal, ecosystem, BAKAMLA, population
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Pan, Sin-He, Chuan-Wen Ho, Chiao-Wen Lin, Shou-Chung Huang, and Hsing-Juh Lin. "Differential Response of Macrobenthic Abundance and Community Composition to Mangrove Vegetation." Forests 12, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12101403.
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The mass planting of mangroves has been proposed as a mitigation strategy to compensate for mangrove loss. However, the effects of mangrove vegetation on the abundance and community composition of macrobenthos remain controversial. The macrobenthic communities in four intact mangrove forests with different conditions and the adjacent nonvegetated mudflats of two mangrove species with distinct stand structures on the western coast of Taiwan were examined. Some macrobenthic taxa occurred only in the mangroves, suggesting macrobenthic critical habitats. Seasonal shift in community composition was more pronounced in the mudflats than in the mangroves, possibly due to the rich food supply, low temperature, and shelter function provided by mangrove forests. However, crab density was always lower in the mangroves than in the mudflats. There was a negative relationship between the stem density of Kandelia obovata (S., L.) and infaunal density. The pneumatophore density of Avicennia marina (Forsk.) correlated negatively with epifaunal density. Our results show that the response of macrobenthic abundance and community composition to mangrove vegetation was inconsistent. We reason that mangroves are critical habitats for the macrobenthos in the mudflats. However, if mangrove tree density is high, we predict that the macrobenthic density will decrease. This suggests that at some intermediate level of mangrove tree density, where there are enough mangrove trees to harbor a macrobenthic community but not enough trees to significantly reduce this density, mangroves management can be optimally achieved to promote the presence of a diverse and dense macrobenthic community.
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Mayunga, J. S., and G. A. Uhinga. "MAPPING SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF MANGROVES IN MAFIA ISLAND IN TANZANIA USING LANDSAT IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W8 (July 11, 2018): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w8-133-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Mangroves are important for survival of coastal communities as they provide ecosystem services that support coastal population and their livelihoods. Most coastal communities largely depend on ecosystem services provided by mangroves such as fuel wood, building poles, charcoal, and also mangroves provide spawning ground for coastal fishes. Most importantly mangroves act as a buffer that protects coastal communities from natural hazards such as tropical storms, strong winds, beach erosion, and even tsunami. Despite the important role that mangroves play, yet mangroves are under serious threat to extinction worldwide. Many mangrove-rich developing countries, including Tanzania, are facing challenges in establishing effective management plans to protect increasingly threatened mangrove ecosystems. Most of these challenges are associated with inadequate or nonexistent of up-to-date and accurate geospatial information. Knowledge on extent and spatial distribution of mangroves is critical in planning and effective management of mangroves. The aim of this study was to assess the spatial and temporal distribution of mangroves in Mafia Island using remotely sensed data for three decades (1985&ndash;2013). Results revealed a decrease of mangroves from 3,708.36<span class="thinspace"></span>ha in 1985 to 3,187.25<span class="thinspace"></span>ha in 2013. From the spatiotemporal dimension point of view, the results show that overall mangroves in Mafia Island have been gradually decreasing over time. This trend suggests a decline rate of about 14<span class="thinspace"></span>% for the period of 28 years, which is an average rate of 0.5<span class="thinspace"></span>% per year. This rate of mangrove loss should not be underestimated; effective protection measures and sustainable utilization of mangrove resources are needed.</p>
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Barik, Jyotiskona, and Soumyajit Chowdhury. "True mangrove species of Sundarbans Delta, West Bengal, eastern India." Check List 10, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/10.2.329.
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Varied opinions exist as to the species composition and ecological distinction of mangrove habitats of the Indian Sundarbans. Furthermore, distinction of true or major mangroves from mangrove-associate and minor species was left unresolved by past authors. The present study thus aimed to revise a species list of true mangroves in the Indian Sundarbans delta. An indexing of adaptive morpho-physiological characters of mangroves for the tidal-saline environment was conducted. The analysis illustrated 24 species of true mangroves in Indian Sundarbans, belonging to nine families. Of these, Rhizophoraceae showed maximum richness at each of the generic and specific categories assessed. The current study has highlighted the taxonomic richness and status of true mangrove from Indian Sundarbans, resolving the long debated distinction of true from minor and associate mangroves.
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Shen, Xiaoxue, Minwei Chai, Fang Yang, Ye Cao, and Ruilli Li. "Occurrence and Contamination of Rare Earth Elements in Urban Mangroves of Shenzhen, South China." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 2503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052503.
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Mangroves acted as sinks of terrestrial pollutants, but the occurrence and contamination of rare earth elements (REEs) in urban mangroves lacked systematic evaluation. In rapidly developing Shenzhen, China, four typical urban mangroves were selected to determine the REEs in urban mangroves, including Baguang mangrove (BGM) and Futian mangrove (FTM) featured with ecological preserve and central business district, respectively; Xixiang mangrove (XXM) and Shajing mangrove (SJM) both featured with industry district. The mean concentrations of total REEs (TREEs) in sediment (0–25 cm depth, μg g−1) were SJM (465.28) > FTM (411.25) > XXM (342.76) > BGM (118.63), with Ce to be the dominant REEs element. The depositions of REEs in urban mangroves were significantly affected by sediment sulfur accumulation and fine sediment, including silt and clay fractions. The main fractionation pattern of REEs in urban mangroves was the enrichment of light REEs (LREEs) and loss of heavy REEs (HREEs). Geo−accumulation index, modified degree of contamination, pollution load index, and potential ecological risk index showed the moderately contaminated level of REEs in FTM, followed by SJM, and XXM, with uncontaminated level in BGM. This study provided important information on REEs in urban mangroves for pollution prevention and remediation in the future.
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Yu, Chengzhi, Binglin Liu, Shuguang Deng, Zhenni Li, Wei Liu, Dongqing Ye, Jiayi Hu, and Xinyu Peng. "Using Medium-Resolution Remote Sensing Satellite Images to Evaluate Recent Changes and Future Development Trends of Mangrove Forests on Hainan Island, China." Forests 14, no. 11 (November 10, 2023): 2217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14112217.
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Mangroves are endemic forest communities in tropical and subtropical coastal zones. China’s Hainan Island is very rich in mangrove plant species. In recent years, due to climate change and human disturbance, the living environment of many mangrove distribution areas has been seriously threatened. This study used land satellite series remote sensing images from 1990 to 2020 to monitor the coverage and area changes of mangroves on Hainan Island. The spatial distribution pattern and change trend of mangroves were explored using the standard deviation ellipse method, and the CA–Markov model was used to predict the possible changes of mangroves in the study area in 2025 and 2030. The development trend of mangroves in the future and the driving factors affecting the evolution of mangroves were also analyzed. Over the past 30 years, the area of mangroves has witnessed fluctuations. It decreased from 4578 hectares in 1990 to its lowest at 3870 hectares in 2005 and then rebounded to 4474 hectares by 2020, indicating an initial decline followed by a gradual increase. Although conservation and restoration efforts have yielded success, specific areas have witnessed a decline in mangrove coverage. From 1990 to 2020, mangrove areas in Huiwen decreased from 1055 hectares to 904 hectares, areas in Guannan decreased from 227 hectares to 167 hectares, areas in Xinyinggang decreased from 328 hectares to 298 hectares, areas in Yangpugang decreased from 747 hectares to 682 hectares, areas in Huachangwan decreased from 355 hectares to 327 hectares, and areas in Puqian decreased from 170 hectares to 141 hectares. In particular, the growth in the Eastern and Mayao port areas is especially significant. Additionally, data analysis has revealed the spatial distribution characteristics of mangroves in different regions, such as the mangrove area in Dongzhaigang, which remained relatively stable from 1990 to 2020, while in other areas like Huiwen and Guannan, the mangrove area decreased during these 20 years. By calculating the standard deviation ellipse, we observed that the overall change of mangroves on Hainan Island from 1990 to 2020 was relatively slow, mainly distributed along the northern coastal area of Hainan Island. Furthermore, the standard deviation ellipse and SDE center point of each mangrove growth area have visualized the growth trends of the mangroves. The Markov chain simulation results show that future changes in mangroves will mainly be concentrated in the marginal areas of the mangroves. These areas may be affected by rising sea levels, climate change, soil salinity, and human activities. In the future, mangrove areas are expected to display a dynamic equilibrium, experiencing periods of expansion and reduction, ultimately moving towards a more consistent state. To protect and restore mangroves, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and management of their ecological environment and socio-economic factors and improve their stability and diversity.
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Priyashantha, A. K. H., and T. Taufikurahman. "Mangroves of Sri Lanka: Distribution, status and conservation requirements." Tropical Plant Research 7, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 654–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2020.v7.i3.083.
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Mangroves are a diverse group of highly salt-tolerant woody plants, which grow in the inter-tidal zones in tropical and subtropical latitudes. Despite its unique services to the people, coastal and marine systems, mangroves have become one of the most rapidly disappearing ecosystems in the world. This paper reviews the available information on distribution, current status and challenges of mangroves in Sri Lanka. Today, around 160 km2 of mangrove vegetation is available in Sri Lanka and distributed mainly in Jaffna, Batticaloa, Kalpitiya, Rekawa and Trincomalee and is composed of 21 species of true mangroves and 24 species of mangrove associates. Mangroves in the island have been adversely affected due to the numerous anthropogenic activities, including land reclamation, tourism, coastal aquaculture and agriculture and other industrial activities etc. Proper conservations of mangroves are urgently required to the island to avoid further decline of mangrove ecosystem. It is imperative to evaluate policies, legal instruments and development strategies to effectively protect this valuable ecosystem.
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Susilo, Heru, Yoshifumi Takahashi, and Mitsuyasu Yabe. "Evidence for Mangrove Restoration in the Mahakam Delta, Indonesia, Based on Households’ Willingness to Pay." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 3 (February 13, 2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n3p30.
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Mangroves provide multiple benefits for local communities’ livelihoods. However, in the Mahakam delta mangroves have declined considerably. This study examines the factors affecting households’ willingness to pay (WTP) for mangrove restoration in three villages in the Mahakam delta and determines whether a mangrove restoration project would be viable and should be implemented in the study area or not. The contingent valuation method was applied through a double-bound dichotomous choice format to estimate the WTP for mangrove restoration. The results showed that over 80% of perception of respondents considered the benefits of mangroves were essential that associated with their livelihoods. Local residents tended to be willing to pay more for mangrove restoration when they acknowledged the benefits of mangroves and when they felt that the sustainability of mangrove ecosystems was their responsibility. The benefits transfer method was also used to estimate the costs and benefits of an ongoing mangrove restoration project in the study area. The benefits provided by mangroves, as estimated based on households’ WTP, clearly outweighed the costs for the mangrove restoration project. We conclude that mangrove restoration should be implemented in the study area by increasing local communities’ awareness and responsibility to protect and manage the mangrove a sustainable.
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Gagarin, Wesley, Decibel F. Eslava, Rico Ancog, Cristino L. Tiburan Jr, and Noelynna Ramos. "Willingness to Pay for Mangroves’ Coastal Protection: A Case Study in Santo Angel, Calauag, Quezon, Philippines." Forest and Society 6, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 436–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/fs.v6i1.18129.
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The mangroves in Santo Angel in the municipality of Calauag, Quezon Province in the Philippines, provide a wide array of ecological services that range from provisioning of resources and habitat to various floral and faunal species to regulating services including coastal protection. Coastal protection from mangroves is needed by the local community as Santo Angel is susceptible to typhoons and storm surges. However, the mangrove’s ability to provide coastal defense has considerably declined in the past decades due to overexploitation. Using the double-bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation method, the willingness to pay (WTP) of the local community for a hypothetical mangrove rehabilitation project aligned towards coastal protection was determined. A total of 210 households were involved in the survey. The results show that 79% of the 210 households expressed WTP for the mangrove rehabilitation project. Furthermore, the mean willingness to pay (MWTP) for the mangrove rehabilitation project was computed at Php 15.44 (USD 0.29) per household per month or equivalent to Php 86, 525.76 (USD 1,659.41) per year for the total number of households in Santo Angel. Findings of the logistic regression analysis revealed that sex, age, membership in environmental organizations, and awareness on both the economic importance and the ecological services provided by mangroves positively affect the WTP of the respondents. In contrast, the bid amount and the respondent’s income negatively influence the WTP of the respondents for the mangrove rehabilitation project.
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Gagarin, Wesley, Decibel F. Eslava, Rico Ancog, Cristino L. Tiburan Jr, and Noelynna Ramos. "Willingness to Pay for Mangroves’ Coastal Protection: A Case Study in Santo Angel, Calauag, Quezon, Philippines." Forest and Society 6, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 436–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/fs.v6i1.18129.
Full textAbstract:
The mangroves in Santo Angel in the municipality of Calauag, Quezon Province in the Philippines, provide a wide array of ecological services that range from provisioning of resources and habitat to various floral and faunal species to regulating services including coastal protection. Coastal protection from mangroves is needed by the local community as Santo Angel is susceptible to typhoons and storm surges. However, the mangrove’s ability to provide coastal defense has considerably declined in the past decades due to overexploitation. Using the double-bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation method, the willingness to pay (WTP) of the local community for a hypothetical mangrove rehabilitation project aligned towards coastal protection was determined. A total of 210 households were involved in the survey. The results show that 79% of the 210 households expressed WTP for the mangrove rehabilitation project. Furthermore, the mean willingness to pay (MWTP) for the mangrove rehabilitation project was computed at Php 15.44 (USD 0.29) per household per month or equivalent to Php 86, 525.76 (USD 1,659.41) per year for the total number of households in Santo Angel. Findings of the logistic regression analysis revealed that sex, age, membership in environmental organizations, and awareness on both the economic importance and the ecological services provided by mangroves positively affect the WTP of the respondents. In contrast, the bid amount and the respondent’s income negatively influence the WTP of the respondents for the mangrove rehabilitation project.
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Hashim, Ahmad Mustafa, and Noraini Khairuddin. "Performance of Mangrove Forests in Coastal Protection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 567 (June 2014): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.567.277.
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The importance of mangrove forest as a natural protection system has been a focused interest especially after the 2004 tsunami. It was reported that human deaths and property losses were reduced in areas of dense mangrove forests. Devastating incidents in recent years due to extreme environmental and catastrophic conditions that lead to various degrees of damages in the coastal areas have significantly increased awareness on the role of mangrove forests as eco-engineering approach to coastal stability and defense. With the recent urge for mangroves protection and replanting, a sound basis for a more optimum strategy in maintaining mangroves as coastal protection buffer is inevitably required. Hence, this study is aimed to quantify the reduction of wave height by 10 years old mangroves with various densities and tree arrangements. The laboratory experiments were conducted in a narrow wave flume using artificial mangrove models. The results showed that wave height reduction in areas of 100 m width of 10 years old mangroves was 2.5 times more effective as compared to areas without mangroves. Earlier investigation revealed that for areas with 20 years old mangroves was able to dissipate waves four times greater compared to areas without mangroves. For areas with 200 m width of 10 years old mangroves, a density of 0.11 trees/m2 is sufficient to reduce wave height over 77 %. With a difference of less than 3%, the investigation also revealed no significant difference of wave reduction between tandem and staggered arrangements when the mangroves are of 10 years old.
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Irsadi, Andin, Nana Kariada Tri Martuti, Lutfia Nur Hadiyanti, and Muhammad Abdullah. "Mangrove in Bedono Village: Past, Present and Future." E3S Web of Conferences 317 (2021): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131704001.
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Bedono Village is experiencing environmental problems due to land use, so that the mangroves area is converted into ponds and villages. On the other hand, this change causes erosion, loss of hundreds of hectares of land, disturbing the livelihoods. This study aimed to analyze the type and area of mangroves in Bedono Village. The mangrove data were obtained from field studies by exploration. Each location was chosen subjectively to determine the station based on mangrove species information. After that, the plot was determined. The mangrove area was processed based on high-resolution imagery data from 2015 to 2020. Based on the identification, six types of mangroves were found in Bedono Village, Demak. Meanwhile, the mangrove area in Bedono Village has decreased from 2015 to 2020. The efforts made by the community in replanting mangroves have been successful based on indicators of mangrove areas. For this reason, the effort that must be done now and in the future is to maintain the existence of mangroves by properly implementing existing regulations
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Febriandi, Febriandi. "The Estimation of Mangroves Area and Density of Mangroves Changes Use the Remote Sensing Data at Northheast Province of Aceh, Indonesia." Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education 1, no. 1 (June 6, 2017): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/sjdgge.v1i1.43.
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The aim of the research to mapping mangrove estimate mangroves area in time series data at the years 2000, 2005, 2011, and 2015, and looking for density of mangroves changing at the Northeast Province of Aceh. The methodology use data Landsat TM5, OLI TIRS, Administration map, and tools use by ENVI 4.5, ArcGIS 10.1, technical analysis to interpretation mangroves area used the algorithm the maximum likelihood classification, Kernel density to calculate density of mangroves changing. Result of the research. From the estimation of mangrove land with intrepetasi satellite imagery obtained by maximum likelihood algorithma cotton area of mangroves in the study are always varied and changing, change-oriented land areas surrounding existing land use is not mangrove in mangrove areas. Mangrove areas relative change in Kernel density indicated in the model to observe the point of incidence of the changes experienced more change in the frequency changes in the form of multi-time repeated changes of the time period, and changes in the relatively small area that is always on changing every time calculations.
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Horstman, Erik, Rik Gijsman, Rob van Zee, Sabine Engel, Jessica Johnson, Daphne van der Wal, and Kathelijne Wijnberg. "CREEK RESTORATION EFFECTS ON TIDAL DYNAMICS IN MANGROVES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 37 (September 1, 2023): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.management.126.
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Mangroves provide natural buffers between land and sea, protecting both coastal communities and nature as they attenuate waves and stabilize shorelines but also filter terrestrial runoff. Tropical mangroves are also biodiversity hotspots and provide other ecosystem services such as supporting fish and shellfish habitat, accommodating ecotourism and sequestering carbon. Nevertheless, mangrove coasts have become increasingly exposed to changing environmental conditions, a trend that has resulted in a declining mangrove cover on a global scale. At the protected Ramsar site of Lac Bay, Bonaire, large areas of mangroves have been subject to deterioration and tree mortality (Senger et al., 2021). Excessive sediment inputs from the land and mangrove growth have clogged existing creeks and reduced hydrodynamic circulation through the mangrove system. Resulting changes in sedimentation rates, submergence and water quality affect the survival of the inland mangroves in Lac Bay. The (re-)creation of suitable morphological and hydrodynamic conditions is key for mangrove restoration (Friess et al., 2019). This study investigates the potential of creek restoration to increase the hydrodynamic circulation in the mangroves of Lac Bay, thereby accommodating their survival.
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Alfiansyah, Muhamad, I. Wayan Nuarsa, and Ida Bagus Mandhara Brasika. "Perbandingan Beberapa Metode Klasifikasi Menggunakan Citra Landsat dan Sentinel Untuk Pemetaan Sebaran Mangrove Di Kawasan Ekowisata Mangrove PIK Jakarta Utara." Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2023.v09.i01.p09.
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Mangroves are one of the coastal ecosystems that have many functions and have a very large role for living things associated with mangroves. One of the mangrove ecosystems in DKI Jakarta is in the Mangrove Ecotourism Area of the Sedyatmo Toll Road, North Jakarta. Remote sensing technology is the right method for mangrove monitoring activities that are efficient, effective and wide area coverage. Mangrove mapping is one of the remote sensing techniques to determine the distribution of mangroves in a region. This study aims to assess mangroves and compare the accuracy of the supervised classification method (Maximum Likelihood, Minimum Distance) and object based classification in the distribution of mangroves in the Mangrove Ecotourism Area of the Sedyatmo Toll Road using Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2A images. Comparison of the results of the supervised classification and object based classification of the two images to be tested for accuracy using a confusion matrix. The results showed that the mangroves were evenly distributed along the Sedyatmo toll road and its surroundings with an average mangrove area of >60 ha. In Landsat 8 imagery, the Overall Accuracy for the classification of Maximum Likelihood is 87,50%, Minimum Distance is 75,00% and object based classification is 89,83%. Sentinel-2A image classification results Overall Accuracy classification method Maximum Likelihood 89,83%, Minimum Distance 77,50%, and object-based classification 90,00%. The results of the Overall Accuracy show that object-based classification is better than the Maximum Likelihood and Minimum Distance classifications in mapping the distribution of mangroves on Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2A images.
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Payne, Nicholas Leslie, and Bronwyn May Gillanders. "Assemblages of fish along a mangrove - mudflat gradient in temperate Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08124.
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Mangroves are considered to support rich assemblages of fish and invertebrates. Fishes inhabiting mangrove habitats and at various distances from mangroves across mudflats were sampled to: (1) compare fish assemblages between habitats; and (2) determine the influence of mangrove proximity on fish abundance and diversity in three southern Australian estuaries between November 2005 and January 2006. Based on their distribution, fish species were classified as mangrove residents, mudflat residents, generalists or rare species. The assemblage structure of fish in mangroves differed from assemblages 500 m away; however, neither total abundance nor species richness differed significantly between mangroves and mudflats. Mangrove residents and Aldrichetta forsteri (yellow-eyed mullet) displayed strong associations with mangrove habitats, whereas mudflat residents were associated with mudflat habitats. No other fish groups or individual species occurred in higher abundances in either habitat. Total fish abundance, mangrove residents and A. forsteri were positively correlated with pneumatophore density, indicating that the structural complexity of the mangroves might influence the distributions of certain fish species. The current study demonstrated that mangrove habitats in temperate Australia support no greater abundance or diversity of fish than adjacent mudflat habitats and that mangrove proximity does not influence fish distribution at a habitat scale.
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Riska, Jurlia Apriliani Tonti, Abdul Syukur, and Lalu Zulkifli. "Association between Mangrove Types and Some Mangrove Crab Species in West Lombok Sheet Mangrove Ecosystem." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 9, no. 7 (July 25, 2023): 5610–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i7.4781.
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One of the ecosystems found in coastal areas is the mangrove ecosystem. Mangroves have many functions including as a shelter, a place to find food, a breeding ground for aquatic biota. Damage to mangrove areas can cause a decrease in the quality of mangrove ecosystems, especially for the life of mangrove crabs. Mud crab is one of the aquatic biota associated with mangroves and its life is influenced by the presence of mangrove forests. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of mud crabs that live in mangrove ecosystems and the association of mangrove species with several species of mud crabs in the coastal mangrove ecosystem of Lembar, West Lombok. Mud crab samples were taken using purposive sampling by looking at the density of mangroves in each observation plot. The collected data were analyzed by diversity index, ecological index, association and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Then a simple linear regression analysis was performed with the variable (x) density of mangroves and (y) density of mangrove crabs. The results of this study were found to be 10 species of mud crabs consisting of 2 families of Ovalipidae and 8 families of Portunidae which belong to the moderate diversity index. There were 2 species of mud crabs that were positively associated with 2 species of mangroves out of 10 species of mud crabs found. Linear regression equation y = 0.2482x + 0.0004 with a pearson correlation coefficient (r²) (0.58). The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between mangrove density and mangrove crab densityOne of the ecosystems found in coastal areas is the mangrove ecosystem. Mangroves have many functions including as a shelter, a place to find food, a breeding ground for aquatic biota. Damage to mangrove areas can cause a decrease in the quality of mangrove ecosystems, especially for the life of mangrove crabs. Mud crab is one of the aquatic biota associated with mangroves and its life is influenced by the presence of mangrove forests. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of mud crabs that live in mangrove ecosystems and the association of mangrove species with several species of mud crabs in the coastal mangrove ecosystem of Lembar, West Lombok. Mud crab samples were taken using purposive sampling by looking at the density of mangroves in each observation plot. The collected data were analyzed by diversity index, ecological index, association and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Then a simple linear regression analysis was performed with the variable (x) density of mangroves and (y) density of mangrove crabs. The results of this study were found to be 10 species of mud crabs consisting of 2 families of Ovalipidae and 8 families of Portunidae which belong to the moderate diversity index. There were 2 species of mud crabs that were positively associated with 2 species of mangroves out of 10 species of mud crabs found. Linear regression equation y = 0.2482x + 0.0004 with a pearson correlation coefficient (r²) (0.58). The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between mangrove density and mangrove crab density
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Vinoth, R., S. Kumaravel, and R. Ranganathan. "Therapeutic and Traditional Uses of Mangrove Plants." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 4-s (August 30, 2019): 849–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i4-s.3457.
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Mangrove plants are specialized timbered plants growing in the swamps of tidal coastal areas and stream deltas of tropical and subtropical parts of the world. They have been utilized for medicinal and traditional purposes by the coastal folks over the years. A large number of mangrove plants grows natural and exploited especially, for use in indigenous pharmaceutical houses. Several mangroves genus produce expensive drugs which have high export potential. The utilization of plants and plant products as medicines could be traced as far back as the commencement of human civilization. Mangrove plants have been used in folklore medicines and extracts from mangrove species have prove inhibitory activity against human, animal and plant pathogens. Traditionally, the mangroves have been exploited for firewood and charcoal. Exploit has been found for mangroves in the manufacture of dwellings, furniture, boats and fishing gear, tannins for dyeing and leather production. The mangroves afford food and wide variety of traditional products and artefacts for the mangrove dwellers. The present review deals with the pharmacological activity, medicinal, traditional and produce bioactive compounds of mangrove medicinal plants.
Keywords: Mangroves, Medicinal, Pharmacological, Recourses, Traditional.
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Aslan, Aslan, and Mohammed Othman Aljahdali. "Characterizing Global Patterns of Mangrove Canopy Height and Aboveground Biomass Derived from SRTM Data." Forests 13, no. 10 (September 21, 2022): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13101545.
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Numerous studies have been done using remotely sensed data to produce global mangrove height and biomass maps; however, little is known about the worldwide pattern of mangroves in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres that corresponds to their height and biomass. The objective of this study was to investigate whether there is a specific pattern that can be seen between northern and southern mangroves according to height and biomass. Based on an empirical model, we processed Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) elevation data in combination with 450 field data points to produce a global mangrove height map and its corresponding aboveground biomass (AGB) per hectare at 30 m spatial resolution. We also refined the global mangrove area maps and provided a set of equations to determine the maximum mangrove height at any given latitude. Results showed that 10,639,916 ha of mangroves existed globally in the year 2000, with a total AGB of 1.696 Gt. Even though the areal coverage of mangroves was higher in the Northern Hemisphere, the total mangrove AGB was higher in the Southern Hemisphere. The majority of mangroves in both hemispheres were found to be between 6 and 8 m tall, although height distribution differed in each hemisphere. The global mangrove height equation for northern and southern mangroves produced from this study can be used by relevant stakeholders as an important reference for developing an appropriate management plan for the sustainability of the global mangrove ecosystem.
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JHT, Admin. "MANGROVE FOREST IN KUDAT, SABAH MALAYSIA: CHALLENGES OF THE MANGROVE CONSERVATION (Hutan Mangrove di Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia: Tantangan dalam Konservasi Mangrove)." HUTAN TROPIKA 12, no. 2 (August 29, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36873/jht.v12i2.26.
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ABSTRACT Kudat is located in the North part of the island of Borneo, with land area of 1,287.2 km2 or 130,787 ha. Out of the overall total area, 25% or 33,307 ha of area are gazetted under Forest Reserve. Most of the Kudat coastline area is patches of mangrove forest. A total of 19,507 hectares of the total mangroves in the Kudat district have been gazetted as permanent forest reserve under class-V Mangrove Forest Reserve. Mangroves play many important functions such as physical protection to the coastline, important breeding ground of marine life and nurseries, source of socio-economy activity to the local people, natural habitat for the living organisms, home to wide range of flora and fauna. Another function is they provide opportunities for the development for eco-tourism. Some locations in Kudat, which are of high potential for tourism development, are Kg. Sikuati, Simpang Mangayau, Sg. Ranggu, Pulau Banggi, Pulau Malawali and Pulau Balembangan. In 2005, about 2,440 ha or 0.8% of the Mangrove forest reserve in Sabah has been lost mainly due to land conversion for people’s settlement. As for Kudat, exploited area recorded are as follow; settlement/urban development (500 ha), aquaculture (15 ha), agriculture and infrastructure (13 ha) - power supply way leave, pipeline, and common tower. Illegal squatters involved about 2 ha and land use conflict of mangrove forest reserve in Kudat were lost to agricultural conversion due to uncoordinated and technical discrepancies of boundaries on the ground. Some challenges in mangrove conservation are, currently there is no management plan prepared for the management of mangroves in Kudat. The management of mangrove area thus far is focusing on protecting the gazetted area under permanent forest reserve under Class V – mangrove forest, gradually by the forest district. Apart from mangroves in PFR, there are also some scattered Stateland mangroves which are not quantified, monitored and protected under any legislation. Considering their locations, roles and functions, steps must be taken to gazette existing mangroves inside estuaries and lagoons as Permanent Forest Reserve (PFR). The apparent of boundaries between state land and Mangrove Forest on the ground are vital to be carried out by the authority. Important effort to better manage the Kudat mangroves is carrying out nourishment and planting activities in existing mangroves. Other challenges are to involve the local communities to conserve mangroves areas, especially thus living nearby the mangrove forest. This paper highlights the status of mangrove, to emphasize the important function of mangrove, and to distinguish the threat and challenge of mangrove conservation in Kudat district.
Keywords: Mangrove forest, status and function, threat and challenges, conservation, Kudat.
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Nuraeni, Eni, and Yayan Wahyu C. Kusum. "The role of community-based tourism for mangroves conservation in Banten, Indonesia." Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) 13, no. 4 (December 5, 2023): 606–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.13.4.606-612.
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Mangroves provide multiple ecological functions such as connectors and balancers of land and sea ecosystems. The presence of mangroves in coastal areas is very important for reducing the impact of tsunamis and tidal flooding. The role of local communities in the form of community-based tourism models, in conserving mangrove forests has not been extensively studied. This study aims to fill the gap in evaluating local communities’ involvement, particularly under the tourism-based communities’ model, in conserving mangroves and, at the same time, gaining economic benefits. This study was conducted in the mangrove villages of “Patikang,” Citeureup Village, and Pandeglang Regency. This study applied mixed methods that combine both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Primary data were obtained directly from the local community through using questionnaires, interviews, and field observations. Secondary data collection was carried out through a literature review of mangrove conservation and community development in coastal areas. Our study found that local community-based tourism namely “Putri Gundul” played a very important role in increasing community awareness to conserve mangrove forests. The community has gained more knowledge on the biology of mangrove species and the ecology of mangroves for mangrove restoration. Furthermore, the involvement of local communities in mangrove conservation and restoration can increase the economy of communities by producing various products from mangroves.
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Suheriyanto, D., E. A. Ningtyas, and R. Susilowati. "The relationship between mangroves and bivalves abundance in Cengkrong Beach, Trenggalek Regency." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1312, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1312/1/012003.
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Abstract Cengkrong Beach in Trenggalek Regency has extensive mangrove forest. Mangrove forests play an important role in maintaining aquatic productivity and supporting people’s lives. Bivalve is one of the biota that lives in mangroves and is used by the people around the mangrove forest. The research aims to identify mangroves and bivalves, analyze the abundance of mangroves and bivalves, and determine the relationship between mangroves and bivalves. Mangrove sampling was carried out on 6 transects. Each transect was made 7 with plots measuring 10 m x 10 m with a distance of 5 m and bivalve samples were taken using a 1 m x 1 m plot with 5 plots in that plot. Research data were analyzed using PAST 4.13. The results of the study found 15 species of mangroves and 4 genera of bivalves. The highest mangrove abundance value was Rhizophora apiculata with a value of 0.0092 indiv./m2 and bivalves were of the genus Isognomon with a value of 4.138 indiv./m2. The results of the analysis showed that there was a relationship between the mangrove Sonneratia caseolaris and the bivalve of genus Pilsbryoconcha, the mangrove Aegiceras floridum and the bivalve of genus Geloina, the mangrove Avicennia alba and the bivalve of genus Saccostrea and the mangrove R. apiculata and the bivalve of genus Isognomon.
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Primavera, Jurgenne. "Climate Change Resilience with Focus on Coastal Ecosystems: Mangroves and Beach Forests." Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology 40, no. 2018 (February 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.57043/transnastphl.2018.1090.
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The coastal ecosystems of mangroves and beach forests are key to Climate Change adaptation and mitigation (CCAM) through their services of coastal protection, carbon sequestration, and provision of seedlings of pioneering (beach forest) species for lowland reforestation. The paper discusses science-based CCAM interventions that combine my formal training in marine biology and the need for coastal protection in the local communities where my environmental NGO operates. These initiatives include mangrove ecoparks, ecologically sound mangrove rehabilitation, coastal greenbelts of mangroves and beach forests, reversion of abandoned fishponds to mangroves, and beach forest nursery. It gives recommendations to government agencies and non-government organizations alike to protect mangroves as ecoparks, establish protective coastal greenbelts, and revert abandoned fishponds to mangroves.
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Arief, Mochamad Candra Wirawan, Iwang Gumilar, Zahidah, Heti Herawati, Perdana Putra Kelana, and Sri Een Hartatik. "DISTRIBUSI KAWASAN MANGROVE DI PULAU POTO KABUPATEN BINTAN MELALUI PENGINDERAAN JAUH." Bioma 19, no. 2 (December 29, 2023): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/bioma19(2).4.
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Mangrove is a unique vegetation type growing along the coastline and estuarine in tropical and subtropical countries. Mangroves in Indonesia are distributed in all major islands and small islands from Aceh on westside stretched to Papua on the east. This study is to monitor the mangrove area in Poto island a small island part of Kabupaten Bintan, Province of Riau Kepulauan. The difference in spatial resolution of remote sensing data Sentinel 2A and Pleiades were used to classify the land use including the mangrove area. The supervised classification by maximum likelihood classification showed the high-resolution image using Pleiades has higher accuracy for mangroves 81.99% and overall accuracy 90% (kappa 0.86) compared to Sentinel 2A for mangrove 72,34% and overall accuracy 80% (kappa 0.73). The mangrove area approximately 257 ha is strip-lining along the coastline with the largest mangrove area located on the southside of the island. Further research is to identify the mangroves’ formation and the serial condition of mangroves on the different times.
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Rahmadi, M. T., and E. Yuniastuti. "Mangrove Distribution Mapping for Sustainable Utilization and Management (Case Study Langsa City, Aceh)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1039, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1039/1/012055.
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Abstract Mangroves are vegetation that has the most crucial role both for coastal ecosystems and human life. However, as the vegetation with the highest productivity globally, mangroves also experience distribution problems caused by anthropogenic activities. The problem of mangrove distribution occurs not only in the world but also in Langsa City, Aceh. Therefore, the distribution of mangroves must be regularly recorded for sustainable management and utilization. One of the uses of technology currently developing for monitoring the distribution of mangroves is remote sensing (mapping). This study aims to map the distribution of mangroves in Langsa City in 2021 so that further studies can be carried out on the management and utilization carried out by stakeholders in Langsa City. The method used in this research is mapping and descriptive analysis. This study uses Landsat 8 OLI image data recorded in 2021. This study provides results (1) the distribution of mangroves in Langsa City based on the administrative boundaries of the city, sub-district, and kelurahan, (2) sustainable and sustainable management and utilization policies of mangroves by stakeholders both for tourist attractions and other activities, to maintain the mangrove ecosystem. The results of this study are the distribution of mangroves in Langsa City of 4,538.44 Ha. The distribution of mangroves is divided into two sub-districts and eight villages. Management and utilization must be carried out by making policies and having clear objectives, so that the sustainability of mangrove distribution will be maintained.
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Suyarso and Praditya Avianto. "AMMI Automatic Mangrove Map and Index: Novelty for Efficiently Monitoring Mangrove Changes with the Case Study in Musi Delta, South Sumatra, Indonesia." International Journal of Forestry Research 2022 (December 8, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8103242.
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Mapping mangroves using satellite imagery has been done for decades. It helps reduce obstacles in inaccessible places caused by the mangroves’ intricate root system, thick mud, and loss of position signals. There is an urgent need to produce a mangrove map that automatically and accurately covers the mangroves with the density index of the canopy as visually represented in satellite imagery. The research was conducted through an analytical desk study of the mangrove features from space. The study aims to develop a simple formula for automatically tracing, capturing, and mapping mangroves and determining the canopy density index from open access of satellite data to eliminate manual digitization work, make it easy to use, and save cost and time. The goal is to monitor, assess, and manage the condition of mangroves for anyone interested in mangroves, including the central government, local authorities, and local communities. As a result, the authors proposed an algorithm: (ρNIR − ρRed)/(ρRed + ρSWIR1) ∗ (ρNIR − ρSWIR1)/(ρSWIR1 − 0.65 ∗ ρRed). Experimental results in many mangrove forests using Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM, Landsat 8 OLI, and Sentinel 2 imageries show satisfactory performance. The maps capture the spatial extent of the mangroves automatically and match the satellite imagery visually. The index correlates significantly with the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), with R2 reaching 0.99. The research will apply the formula of the Musi Delta mangrove complex in South Sumatra, Indonesia. The advantage of the algorithm is that it works well, is easy to use, produces mangrove maps faster, informs the index, and efficiently monitors the change in mangrove conditions from time to time.
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Febriansyah, Satria Cahya, Luchman Hakim, and Catur Retnaningdyah. "Evaluation of Mangrove Water Quality in Pancer Cengkrong, Trenggalek and Sine, Tulungagung, East Java, Indonesia Using Phytoplankton as Bioindicators." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 14, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 297–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v14i2.32459.
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Highlight Research Anthropogenic factors are the main cause of damage to mangrove ecosystems Restoration is a method for ecosystem restoration Restoration success is seen from the physical, chemical, and biological parameters Phytoplankton is a bioindicator of water quality The abundance of mangroves can explain the state of an ecosystem Abstract Mangrove ecosystems in Sine and Pancer Cengkrong had degraded due to land-use change and restoration has been carried out over a few year on the damaged location. This study was conducted to evaluate water quality of mangrove ecosystems at both locations based on physical, chemical and phytoplankton parameters as bioindicators. The evaluation of Cengkrong Mangrove was carried out at 4 different locations based on different periode of restoration, namely restoration of 2008-2009, 2013-2014, natural mangroves, and 2005 succession mangroves, whereas there was only one sampling site at Sine mangrove namely 1998-2008 restoration. The physico-chemical parameters measured include water temperature, air temperature, conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), salinity, nitrate, and orthophosphate. Phytoplankton data was used to measure, trophic diatom index (TDI) as an indicator of water nutrition status, and pollution tolerant value (%PTV) as an indicator of organic pollution. The results showed that the water quality at all the study locations met the Indonesian Ministry of Environment Regulation No 51/2004, except nitrate and phosphate. Based on the TDI index, mangrove in Sine, Cengkrong 2013-2014 restoration, and 2005 succession mangroves were categorized as hyper-eutrophic, natural Cengkrong mangroves were categorized as eutrophic, and 2008-2009 restored Cengkrong mangroves were categorized as meso-eutrophic. Based on the %PTV index, in the Sine mangrove, 2013-2014 Cengkrong restoration, and 2005 succession mangroves were classified as high levels of organic matter pollution, while in the Cengkrong 2008-2009 restoration and natural Cengkrong were classified as a moderate level of organic pollution.
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Melgaço Bezerra, Walderly, Tallita Cruz Lopes Tavares, Vanessa Lúcia Rodrigues Nogueira, Leonardo Ribeiro Oliveira Normando, Tatiana A. Bomfim, Alysson Lira Angelim, and Vania Maria Maciel Melo. "BACTERIOME ASSOCIATED WITH Rhizophora mangle SEDIMENTS WITHIN BRAZIL SEMI-ARID MANGROVES." Arquivos de Ciências do Mar 55, Especial (March 18, 2022): 34–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78512.
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Microorganisms play important roles in nutrient cycling in mangrove ecosystems and knowledge on the plant/microorganism association is essential to better understand the functioning of this environment. Rhizophora mangle is the dominant tree species within Brazilian mangroves and little information is available on the microbiota associated with this plant species. In this context, the aim of this study was to survey the taxonomic diversity of bacteria in the R. mangle root zones in mangroves within the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil submitted to different human disturbances, intending to determine the bacterialfingerprint associated with this habitat. The total DNA extracted from sediments of different mangroves was pooled and used for construction of 16S rDNA cloning libraries, which resulted in 663 sequences with an average size of 809 bp. All mangroves were rich in different phyla of the Bacteria domain, with Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Proteobacteria being detected in all locations. Proteobacteria was dominant in all mangroves, and it was mainly represented by Alpha, Delta, and Gammaproteobacteria. The greatest richness was found in the Timonha river mangrove, with 13 phyla, a location considered more preserved compared to other mangroves. The lowest richness was found in Ceará river mangrove, with only seven phyla. This mangrove is threatened by intense urbanization. The results clearly showed that the taxonomic diversity of bacteria from mangroves subjected to intense urbanization have decreased, highlighting the risks of these changes for the functioning of important microbe-mediated processes and related ecosystem services.
Keywords: brazilian mangroves, semi-arid, Rhizophora mangle, rRNA 16S, clone library.
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Hamzah, Ahmad Hadian Pratama, Marzuki Marzuki, Nurhasanah Nurhasanah, and Subekti Nurmawati. "ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ANALYSIS IN MAGROVE AND CRAB CONSERVATION AREAS IN PAMUSIAN VILLAGE DUE TO LAND USE CHANGE IN TARAKAN CITY." JURNAL ILMIAH GLOBAL EDUCATION 4, no. 2 (June 22, 2023): 980–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.55681/jige.v4i2.905.
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Mangroves are one of the largest coastal ecosystems in Indonesia that provide ecosystem functions and services for terrestrial biota, sea, seagrass ecosystems - coral reefs, and surrounding areas. Indonesia has the largest mangrove area in the world with an area of 22.6%, so that Indonesian mangroves contribute significantly to the absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2), one of the greenhouse gases. So that Indonesia's mangroves play an important role in regulating global climate change. The area of mangrove forests in Indonesia has declined sharply over the past two decades. The main drivers of mangrove degradation are use for settlement and cultivation. Currently, sustainable management is needed to maintain and improve the area and quality of mangroves. Mangrove forests are very important ecosystems for the conservation of fish resources. Mangroves are the habitat of fish, shrimp, crabs, and others. The ecological or biological function of mangrove ecosystems includes spawning grounds, foraging and breeding grounds for animals, especially fish, crabs and shrimp which are excellent commodities that benefit fishermen. Physically, mangrove forests prevent coastal abrasion, resist seawater intrusion and windbreaks, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions such as CO, CO2, SOx and NOx in the air and pollutants in coastal waters (Noor et al., 2006). The main factors of mangrove destruction are (1) pollution, (2) conversion of mangrove forests without considering environmental factors, and (3) excessive deforestation.
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Niagara, Nirwan, Muhammad Yusuf, and Fuad Muhammad. "The Characteristics of Mangrove Species Are Based on Water Conditions in Karimunjawa Nasional Park." E3S Web of Conferences 317 (2021): 04034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131704034.
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The mangrove ecosystem in Karimunjawa National Park has an area of 222.2 hectares of mangrove, which functions as a habitat for various types of biota. The condition of the waters will determine the future of the mangrove ecosystem. It aims to identify the characteristics of mangrove species based on the conditions of Karimunjawa waters. The method used is a journal literature review. There are several journals about the characteristics and conditions of different mangroves. The results of this study various mangrove ecosystems can live in the waters of Karimunjawa. Based on the results of the study during the literature review, there are 9 types of mangroves in Karimunjawa, namely: Cerriops tagal, Lumnitzera racemosa, Rhizophora apicullata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia caseolaris, Excoracia agalloca, Rhizophora mucronata, Scyphilappuphoranata and Xcyphillappuburanata, which can survive on 3 substrates, rocky ground, sand. Mangroves can grow in shallow water ecosystems because the shape of their roots can help adapt to the aquatic environment. Mangroves can live in salty or brackish areas ranging from 11-25‰. It was concluded that the type of substrate and water conditions affect mangroves to live in harmony.
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Lin, Chiao-Wen, Yu-Chen Kao, Wei-Jen Lin, Chuan-Wen Ho, and Hsing-Juh Lin. "Effects of Pneumatophore Density on Methane Emissions in Mangroves." Forests 12, no. 3 (March 8, 2021): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12030314.
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Mangroves play an important role in carbon sequestration. However, mangroves can be sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study, methane (CH4) emissions and related soil properties were determined in multiple mangroves in Taiwan, including Kandelia obovata and Avicennia marina mangroves. K. obovata possess prop roots, whereas pneumatophores are found in A. marina. Our results showed that mangrove soils were significant sources of CH4 emissions, which should be accounted for in mangrove carbon budgets. In particular, CH4 emissions in the A. marina mangroves were approximately 50- to 100-fold those of the K. obovata mangroves and the adjoining mudflats. Multiple regression analyses indicated that the soil salinity and pH in K. obovata mangroves and the soil redox potential and organic content in the mudflats were the key factors affecting CH4 emissions. However, the pneumatophore density alone explained approximately 48% of the variation in CH4 emissions in the A. marina mangroves. More pneumatophores resulted in higher CH4 emissions in the A. marina mangroves. Thus, compared with the assessed soil properties, the contribution of pneumatophores to the transportation of CH4 from soil was more significant. In addition to soil properties, our results demonstrated that the root structure may also affect GHG emissions from mangroves.
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BADOLA, RUCHI, and S. A. HUSSAIN. "Valuing ecosystem functions: an empirical study on the storm protection function of Bhitarkanika mangrove ecosystem, India." Environmental Conservation 32, no. 1 (March 2005): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892905001967.
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The ecosystem services provided by mangroves are often ignored in the ongoing process of mangrove conversion. Services provided by the Bhitarkanika mangrove ecosystem in India and estimated cyclone damage avoided in three selected villages, taking the cyclone of 1999 as a reference point, were valued by assessing the socio-economic status of the villages, the cyclone damage to houses, livestock, fisheries, trees and other assets owned by the people, and the level and duration of flooding. Eleven variables were used to compare damage in the villages, one protected by mangroves, one unprotected by mangroves, and the third possessing an embankment on its seaward side. Attitude surveys were carried out in 10% of the households in 35 villages located in the Bhitarkanika Conservation Area to assess local people's perceptions regarding the storm protection function of mangroves and their attitude towards mangrove forests generally. In the mangrove-protected village, variables had either the lowest values for adverse factors (such as damage to houses), or the highest values for positive factors (such as crop yield). The loss incurred per household was greatest (US$ 153.74) in the village that was not sheltered by mangroves but had an embankment, followed by the village that was neither in the shadow of mangroves or the embankment (US$ 44.02) and the village that was protected by mangrove forests (US$ 33.31). The local people were aware of and appreciated the functions performed by the mangrove forests in protecting their lives and property from cyclones, and were willing to cooperate with the forest department in mangrove restoration.
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You, Qixu, Weixi Deng, Yao Liu, Xu Tang, Jianjun Chen, and Haotian You. "Extraction the Spatial Distribution of Mangroves in the Same Month Based on Images Reconstructed with the FSDAF Model." Forests 14, no. 12 (December 8, 2023): 2399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14122399.
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Mangroves have extremely high economic and ecological value. Through remote sensing, the spatial distribution of and spatiotemporal changes in mangroves can be accurately obtained, providing data support for the sustainable development of coastal wetlands. However, due to the cloudy and rainy conditions in the growing areas of mangroves, there are relatively few high-quality image data available, resulting in a time difference between regional mosaic images, with a maximum difference of several months, which has a certain impact on accuracy when extracting the spatial distribution of mangroves in some regions. At present, most regional mangrove research has ignored the impact of the time difference between mosaic images, which not only leads to inaccurate monitoring results of mangroves’ spatial distribution and dynamic changes but also limits the frequency of monitoring of regional mangrove dynamic changes to an annual scale, making it difficult to achieve more refined time scales. Based on this, this study takes the coastal mangrove distribution area in China as the research area, uses Landsat 8 and MODIS images as basic data, reconstructs the January 2021 images of the research area based on the FSDAF model, and uses a random forest algorithm to extract the spatial distribution of mangrove forests and analyze the landscape pattern. The results showed that the fused image based on the FSDAF model was highly similar to the validation image, with an R value of 0.85, showing a significant positive correlation, indicating that the fused image could replace the original image for mangrove extraction in the same month. The overall accuracy of the spatial distribution extraction of mangroves based on the fused image was 89.97%. The high sample separation and spectral curve changes highly similar to the validation image indicate that the fused image can more accurately obtain the spatial distribution of mangroves. Compared to the original image, the fused image based on the FSDAF model is closer to the validation image, and the fused image can reflect the changes in mangroves in time series, thus achieving accurate acquisition of dynamic change information in a short time span. It provides data and methodological support for future monitoring of dynamic changes in large-scale mangroves. The total area of mangroves in China in January 2021 based on the fused image was 27,122.4 ha, of which Guangdong had the largest mangrove area, with 12,098.34 ha, while Macao had the smallest mangrove area of only 16.74 ha. At the same time, the mangroves in Guangdong and Guangxi had a high degree of fragmentation and were severely disturbed, requiring strengthened protection efforts, while the mangroves in Hong Kong, Zhejiang, and Macao had regular shapes, benefiting from local active artificial restoration.