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Academic literature on the topic 'Manguier – Cultures – La Réunion (France ; île)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Manguier – Cultures – La Réunion (France ; île)"
Zatorska, Izabella. "Le mythe de Paul et Virginie à travers trois romans francophones de l’océan Indien." Romanica Wratislaviensia 65 (August 4, 2020): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0557-2665.65.14.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Manguier – Cultures – La Réunion (France ; île)"
Damour, Gaëlle. "Bases théoriques et approches expérimentales de la modélisation des effets de la contrainte hydrique sur les échanges gazeux foliaires du manguier et du litchi." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473059.
Full textAmouroux, Paul. "Bio-écologie et dynamique des populations de cécidomyie des fleurs (Procontarinia mangiferae), un ravageur inféodé au manguier (Mangifera indica), en vue de développer une lutte intégrée." Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0034/document.
Full textPhytophagous insects and plants are linked by complex relationships. Insect-plant interaction researches involve several biological disciplines at different levels of analysis. These insect–plant relationships are of crucial importance from an applied point of view, notably for agriculture. In this work, an interdisciplinary approach has been used to study on the mango blossom gall midge, Procontarinia mangiferae (Felt) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), an invasive insect pest specific to mango causing major economic damages worldwide. The objective was to improve our knowledge of the biology of this species in the subtropical Reunion Island (i) by describing its genetic diversity and investigate the ecological and biological determinants of the genetic structure of its populations, (ii) by carrying out field and controlled experiments to understand the diapause strategies involved in maintaining populations from one flowering season to the next one, (iii) by modeling the arrival and dispersion of females within an orchard in relation with their flight capacity and with the spatial and temporal distribution of the mango susceptible resources. The results showed that the single species P. mangiferae, feeding on both inflorescences and young leaves, was present all year round and in all the sampled sites on the island, regardless of the climatic and cultural conditions. Populations in Reunion Island appeared structured into two clusters in sympatry, one cluster being more frequent in the cultivated mango area. Secondly, we demonstrated the occurrence of facultative diapause all year round, with the highest rate of diapause observed in summer. The diapause allowed a developmental arrest at the 3rd larval instar in the soil, lasting between six weeks to more than one year. The decrease of temperature at the beginning of winter triggered off the emergence of diapausing individuals and synchronized adult emergence with the mango flowering period. Thirdly, non-native female gall midges were able to colonize all the trees of an orchard. Their arrival flight and trivial flight were oriented by the abundance and by the attractiveness of the mango resources, respectively. The knowledge obtained on the biological cycle of P. mangiferae and on its relationships with the mango tree should be useful to develop new agroecological pest management strategies
Jacquot, Maxime. "Biodiversité et fonctionnement écologique des agroécosystèmes à base de manguiers à La Réunion." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0036/document.
Full textIn agroecosystems, the use of biodiversity for natural control of arthropod pests aims to propose an agroecological crop protection, as an alternative to current agrochemical protection. Our study focused on mango agroecosystems in Reunion Island, with the goal of understanding the factors that influence biodiversity and control of arthropod pests. This agroecosystem is characterized by a large diversity (797 arthropod species and 114 plant species) and our results highlight the positive bottom-up and top-down controls of biodiversity in communities. We also highlight the services provided by the dominant species of invasive ants in pest regulation. Two species provide a predation service, and one reduces the diversity of natural enemies of omnivores and appears to explain the negative relationship between omnivore diversity and predation. Finally, we highlight the positive effect of parasitoid diversity and predator diversity on, respectively, the abundance of Seychelles mealybugs and on predation in general. The only significant landscape effect measured in our work is the positive effect of the proportion of mango orchards on the abundance of South African citrus Thrips. These results allow us to identify two factors in the agroecological protection of mango orchards in Reunion: the management of diversified ground cover in orchards; and collective landscape management by limiting the proportion of mango orchards
Pruvost, Olivier. "La maladie des taches noires de la mangue (Xanthomonas campestris pv. Mangiferaeindicae) : étude bactériologique, biologique, épidémiologique et mise au point des bases d'un système de lutte intégrée dans les confitions de l' Île de la Réunion." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112020.
Full textAn extensive study was undertaken to characterize 94 isolates of Xanthomonas campestris pv. Mangiferaeindicae responsible for bacterial black spot of mangoes. Studies on carbohydrates assimilation, susceptibility to antibiotics and to heavy metal salts, serotyping and phage-typing, plasmid patterns as well as to pathogenicity to several hosts have revealed a large variability within the isolates. Biological and epidemiological studies of the pathogen under Reunion Island conditions have allowed us to establish susceptibility and receptivity periods of host tissues and their relations to climatic conditions. The pathogen is able to survive as an epiphyte on leaves, buds and immature fruit. Its mode of spread has been studied. Chemical and biological disease control were evaluated and resuls show that disease control may be achieved by using an antagonistic strain of Bacillus subtilis or B. Amyloliquefaciens
Atiama, Morguen. "Bioécologie et diversité génétique d'Orthops palus (Heteroptera, Miridae), ravageur du manguier à La Réunion." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0007/document.
Full textMango crops in Reunion Island are threatened by a series of pests, including the bug Orthops palus (Heteroptera, Miridae). This species has only been reported in Uganda and Reunion Island but is considered pest of mango only in Reunion Island. Few studies have therefore been devoted to this bug, which explains the lack of knowledge concerning this pest. The overall aim of my thesis was to acquire knowledge about O. palus, and several specific objectives were pursued. The first was to characterize mirid diversity in the mango orchards of Reunion Island. The second was to characterize the life cycle of O. palus and insect-plant interactions. The third objective was to study the distribution and genetic diversity of the species in Reunion Island and on other islands in the south-west Indian Ocean (SWIO).The main results of these studies are: among the 13 species identified in the community of mirids in mango orchards, O. palus was the most abundant on the mango inflorescences when in flower. Three original tools were built to identify O. palus in the laboratory and to recognize the species in the field: an identification key, COI sequences, and a field recognition card). A method was developed to rear O. palus, which enabled the characterization of its life cycle and the length of the development stages. Meanwhile, the inventory of in situ host plants (15 species in Reunion Island) showed that O. palus is polyphagous. Studies of the diversity and genetic structure of O. palus in SWIO islands also provided significant results. In Reunion Island, the population is structured in two clusters, although the structural factors could not be fully identified. In Mauritius, one cluster was identified and was shown to be different from the clusters in Reunion Island. No host race was found either in Reunion Island or in Mauritius. Population movements in both directions between the two islands were highlighted. Finally, the analysis of the mitochondrial DNA diversity of individuals sampled on four SWIO islands (Reunion, Mauritius, Mayotte, Grande Comore) revealed the presence of at least seven haplotypes whose distribution confirmed exchanges between islands.The dynamics of O. palus in space and over time are discussed in connection with its survival strategy over the course of the year and with population flows across SWIO. The results showed that beyond being a bug that attacks only the mango tree, as the name strongly suggests, O. palus is rather a "flower bug" likely to maintain populations throughout the year by moving from one flowering plant to another according to food availability. Among the plants involved in the annual dynamics of the insect, several species beside mango are of economic interest (lychee, jujube, avocado). Several research topics are proposed to complete the knowledge already acquired on O. palus, including understanding of population dispersion processes at the scale of the agro-ecosystem, and evaluating the presence and the genetic diversity of O. palus in other SWOI territories. Finally, agroecological practices for the local management of O. palus populations are proposed based on the results of the studies that comprise the present dissertation. Recommendations are made for precautionary measures to prevent the flow of O. palus populations between countries located in the Indian Ocean
Lebourgeois, Valentine. "Utilisation d'un système léger d'acquisitions aéroportées dans les domaines optiques réflectif et thermique pour la caractérisation de l'état hydrique et nutritionnel des cultures : application à la culture de la canne à sucre à la Réunion." La Réunion, 2009. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/09_17_lebourgois.pdf.
Full textSpatial and temporal characterisation of crop nutrient and water status is of great importance for input management and precision agriculture applications. Very high resolution images remotely-sensed in the spectral and thermal domains provide information about the spatial variation of bio-physical and chemical parameters that describe crop status. This thesis explores the use of a flexible and low-cost airborne multispectral acquisition system for the monitoring of sugarcane crop status in Reunion Island. A dual objective was pursued in this study, both technological and agricultural. The technological part concerned the development of a processing chain allowing the translation of the signal acquired by the airborne system into quantified values usable for spatial and temporal comparisons. The multispectral image acquisition system was made up of an ultra-light aircraft equipped with commercial digital cameras for acquisition in the blue, green, red, rededge and near infrared bands, and with a thermal infrared camera for surface temperature measurements. In order to convert the acquired signal into a quantified radiometric value, we developed methods for the correction of the environment-dependent (solar radiation, atmosphere) and camera-related (vignetting effects, image compression) radiomet ric distortions that affect the images. In the thermal infrared band, these methods were validated using in situ measurements of surface temperatures. In the other bands, we examined the impact of our radiomet ric corrections on the quality of the relationships between spectral vegetation indices and surface biophysical variables. In the agricultural part, we evaluated the potential of these multispectral measurements for the diagnosis of stress in sugarcane crops. Using in situ (empirical Crop Water Stress Index on fullyvegetated crops) and airborne (Water Deficit Index for partially-covered canopies) data, we showed the ability of indices based on surface temperature to characterize the water status of sugarcane. This involved the development of original calculation methods of these indices to allow their application in humid conditions and on crops affected by a combined stress (water * nitrogen). The nitrogen status of the crop was also successfully characterised using the ratio of the signals acquired in the Blue and Red bands. The results were in good agreement with field measurements (evapotranspiration, leaf colour, plant humidity), and open the possibility of future coupling of these vegetation status indicators with crop growth models, yielding valuable decision-making tools
Dijoux, Alexandrine Natacha. "Éducation et transmission familiale de l'identité culturelle à La Réunion : entre refus et appropriation." Thesis, La Réunion, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LARE0018/document.
Full textLocated in the multicultural and intercultural context of island of La Réunion, education and transmission of family about cultural identity reunion are complex and threatened. The "refusal" or "ownership" is illustrated by multiple factors. The "refusal" is usually motivated by the pressure modernist republican assimilation and global representing a springboard to social advancement which leads to an abandonment of values considered old, and most often devalued. The reasons for the refusal is realized, in the same way, by ethnic and creole reunion community influences, more or less low symbolic capital, and little aware about its "roots", that is to say a "symbolic coherence ". The "ownership" of reunion cultural identity is on it, sometimes motivated by a militant of socio-politico-economic focus exclusively on La Réunion, but also awareness of the cultural wealth of Reunion, either naturally or face losses due to globalization, after the lack of experience or to feel they belong to a group, etc. These two trends are emerging based on the choices of education and transmission, registered within families. A third way between "refusal" and "ownership" seems to gradually impose : a path to a "weaving a new mixing" work on a conscious and intentional appropriation of a new cultural fiber and identity, where be reconciled the wealth of the cultural and the réunion creole identity, french identity, modernism and globalization
Dorla, Emmanuelle. "Étude phytochimique et propriétés bioactives de Peperomia borbonensis (Miq.) Piperaceae." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0027.
Full textThe emergence of resistant strains in infectious diseases is a major public health issue. Similarly, arthropods which caused important economic damages in tropical and subtropical areas are continuously developing resistance to chemicals. To counteract this situation, it is essential to find new bioactive molecules able to fight pests and micro-organisms. In this context a preliminary screening was performed on twenty endemic plants and native of Reunion. Twenty-six ethyl acetate extracts were tested for their antibacterial and acaricidal activities. Considering its broad spectrum of activity, Peperomia borbonensis Miq. (Piperaceae), was selected for further chemical and biological investigations. Two bio-guided fractionations were performed on its apolar extract and let to the isolation of fourteen molecules. Moreover, the study of the volatile fraction has shown the insecticidal potential of the leaf essential oil of P. borbonensis against the melon fly B. cucurbitae
Reffay, Nathalie. "Étude des facteurs génétiques contrôlant le rendement en sucre et la teneur en fibres dans deux populations de canne à sucre (Saccharum spp. ) de l'île de la Réunion et d'Australie." La Réunion, 2003. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/03_11_Reffay.pdf.
Full textMorel, Julien. "Estimation de la biomasse de canne par modélisation et télédétection. Application à la Réunion." Thesis, La Réunion, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LARE0021/document.
Full textIn the context of an increasing demand for sugar, the estimation of sugarcane biomass in smallholding farming countries (of which Reunion Island is an example) is an optimization lever of production and thus of sustainability for the sugar industry facing giants such as Brazil, India of China. The objective of this thesis is to explore the contribution of remote sensing for the estimation of sugarcane yields at field scale on Reunion Island. We organized our work in two main approaches: first, a methodological approach, where we explore the coupling (recalibration and forcing) between remote sensing data and modeling, and second, an operational approach where we compare three methods of yield estimation based on remote sensing : (1) empirical relationships between yield and vegetation indices computed from remote sensing data, (2) the efficiency models, with a low number of parameters and thus easily adaptable to different types of crops and (3) forcing a sugarcane crop growth model with data derived from remote sensing. The MOSICAS sugarcane dedicated crop model, which is adapted to the cropping conditions of Reunion Island, was used. Our tests were made on sixty three fields located on two contrasted in-farm sites, and on seven plots located on an experimental site. Our dataset was composed of remote sensing data (SPOT4 & 5 images and thermal infrared data), yield data, climatic data, soil data and cropping practices data (irrigation schedules and harvest dates). Concerning the methodological approach, obtained results showed that remote sensing data, through a better inclusion of the actual state of development of the crop or an optimized parameterization of the model, results in a significant enhancement of the estimation of the yield by the MOSICAS model. In particular, we showed that forcing the model resulted in a gain of accuracy of 2.6 t ha-1. We also recalibrated the radiation use efficiency parameter for each studied cultivar. Finally, we determined an optimized value of the rooting depth parameter using recalibration and the water stress index CWSI as an adjustment variable. Concerning the application approach, our results also showed that the more complex methods of yield estimation do not provide the best results when considering the precision. We therefore recommend using the simple empirical relationship between yield and vegetation indices for the estimation of the sugarcane biomass on Reunion Island. These results offer several prospects: firstly, a better inclusion of the heterogeneity of cultivars used on Reunion Island by recalibrating the key parameters of the yield computation for each of these cultivars in order to test various scenarios of cultivar implantation as a function of climatic zones of the island. The estimation method selected here should also be exported to other sugarcane smallholder countries, particularly with introduction of the Sentinel-2 system to provide open access and high spatial resolution images