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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Manila'
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Frank, Rebecca M. "The Last Time I Saw Manila." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337007672.
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Astrand, Rachelle Navarro. "Selection model to choose innovative building systems for progressive housing with special reference to Metro Manila, Philippines." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82824.
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A crucial factor to enable low-income families to participate in the gradual development of their homes is to find a link between their building activities and those of the large-scale building sector. Amidst technological development and increasing demand for housing, the large-scale sector, such as government and private groups, resorted to industrialised housing to replace traditional and conventional building materials and methods. Industrialisation, however, resulted not only in expensive and inappropriate dwellings but also eliminated homeowners from the building process and management of their homes. To bring back the homeowners in the building process, the shift was towards the production of small components and partial prefabrication.<br>Following the same thrust, there have been numerous innovative building systems for housing developed in the Philippines in the last two decades. Private entrepreneurs develop these building systems either promoting locally invented systems or adapting imported versions. Seeing their potentials, government and private groups are trying to employ them in housing. Despite the growing number of the innovative building systems and the interest to use them, their integration in low-income housing is still limited.<br>Focusing on Metro Manila, the capital region of the Philippines, the thesis aims to develop a selection model for the effective integration of innovative building systems in low-income housing. The process of integration is not simply using the building systems for mass production of houses but also enabling homeowners to utilise, maintain and sustain them. The proposed model involves sets of selection parameters essential at each stage of the housing delivery based on the homeowners' progressive building process and their criteria for choosing building materials for their homes. To facilitate progressive building and enhance the homeowners' initiative to build, the model also includes design strategies when employing new building systems and suggests the necessary channels to ensure the availability of the building systems, technical assistance and information.
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Irving, D. R. M. "Colonial musical culture in early modern Manila." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604953.
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This dissertation offers a ‘thick description’ of colonial musical culture in early modern Manila, capital of the Philippine Islands. From the mid-sixteenth century, this most distant colony of Spain was crucial to the establishment of the earliest global networks of trade and culture. After theorising the concepts of ‘colonial musical cultures’ and ‘frontier musicology’, I seek to show how music acted as a mediator for cultural transition and intercultural exchange, and was a key agent in the establishment of Spanish colonial institutions in Manila and the Philippines, from the beginning of the Spanish conquest in 1565 until the cessation of trans-Pacific trade in 1815. Underlying themes of my argument include the role of education and processes of intercultural contact in the dissemination of European musical and religious practices. Evidence is drawn from a wide range of sources such as histories, ethnographies, vocabularies, musical transcriptions, iconography, correspondence, travelogues, inventories, constitutions, decrees, financial accounts, and linguistic treatises. Chapter 1 sets the scene by positioning Manila as a locus for intercultural exchange in early modern Asia; Chapter 2 surveys diverse sources of early modern musical ethnography in the Philippines. Chapter 3 critiques the historiography of musical transculturation, which is investigated further in Chapter 4 by means of case studies of syncretism in three musico-poetic genres: the <i>auit, </i>the <i>loa</i> and the <i>pasyon. </i>Chapter 5 studies musical lives in religious institutions of early modern Manila and employment conditions for parochial musicians throughout the islands, leading into Chapter 6, which explores legislation, regulations and reforms for musical practices in colonial society. Finally, Chapter 7 focuses on public musical performance in civic and religious festivities of Manila.
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Schelzig, Karin Mara. "Poverty in Manila : concepts, measurements and experiences." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313029.
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This thesis constructs a detailed anatomy of poverty in Metropolitan Manila, Philippines, by critically examining and comparing a) the government's official statistics, b) alternatives to the official statistics offered by NGOs and academic researchers, and c) the results of an original household survey carried out in PNR Bangkal, one of Manila's many informal settlements. The research seeks to develop a more appropriate, multidimensional and participatory concept of poverty for Manila than the purely money-metric approach applied by the government. The official methodology results in very low, falling, and seemingly unrealistic poverty levels for this Southeast Asian megacity with its attendant problems. According to official statistics, poverty dropped from 23% of families in 1985 to 7.1% in 1997. The thesis raises questions about the assumptions that inform these measures. For example, the official surveys do not include in their sample people without official and permanent residence. As they tend to reside in informal settlements, the poorest are thus almost certainly excluded. Highlighting the multidimensional nature of deprivation, the primary research in PNR Bangkal was based on a combination of both quantitative and qualitative approaches to the study of poverty. Questionnaires were completed for 155 households, or one third of the population of the settlement. These were then followed by in-depth qualitative interviews with five respondents in order to enrich the survey data. The study included but went beyond income and expenditure analysis. The survey results were analysed using an asset vulnerability framework. Findings include an 'official' poverty incidence of 36% of families and a self-perceived poverty incidence of 79%. The survey also revealed high levels of deprivation and vulnerability related to labour, housing, human capital, and social capital.
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Eleazar, Rosanne Nicollette M. "Restaurant families in Manila : lessons in restaurant longevity /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09arme381.pdf.
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Allsopp, Janet. "'Oocyte maturation in the Manila clam, Tapes philippinarum'." Thesis, Bangor University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357212.
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Jung, Thomas [Verfasser]. "Tourism in metropolitan Manila, Philippines : an analysis / Thomas Jung." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1013833139/34.
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Zaide, Paolo. "Floodscape urbanism : architectural design strategies for Manila at risk." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 2018. http://researchonline.rca.ac.uk/3457/.
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This thesis develops design-led flood adaptation strategies for the city of Manila. With much ground already covered on cross-disciplinary approaches in flood risk management, this thesis considers the discussion of flood adaptation through the lens of ecological urbanism and architectural design. The issue is the fluid edge between city and water and is captured in the term ‘floodscape’, to give definition to a cityscape affected by fluctuating water levels. The thesis argues for the importance of urban design as the key driver to integrate the environmental and social concerns of the city in a holistic and critical way. Floodscape Urbanism therefore can be understood as a potential bridge between urbanism and hydrological cycles, with design providing a crucial framework within which to think about and act on environmental, technical, economic and socio-cultural challenges. Manila, as an extreme case of a flood-prone city, presents the challenge of having to balance vital flood management with creating places suitable for urban life that many cities in the global south are facing or will face. The focus of the design research is the exploration of how holistic flood adaptation approaches can be applied and translated to the particular context of Manila, both as a strategic design process on a master plan level and as architectural design propositions at a neighbourhood scale. The written thesis establishes the theoretical framework for design-led flood adaptation and in the main chapters reflects on design from the scale of the city to the neighbourhood, and on the possibilities and limitations of architectural intervention. If architecture is to engage with the dilemma of cities at flood risk, the starting point is for architects to view flood adaptation not as a solution, but as an essential restructuring of assumptions in the way we live in flood zones, and the conditions that are necessary to support that life.
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Rodrigo, Maria Mercedes T. "Information Technology Usage in Metro Manila Public and Private Schools." NSUWorks, 2002. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/872.
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Both public and private schools in the Philippines are using information technology (IT) as a tool to improve teaching and learning. While both government and private sector initiatives indicate national commitment to IT in education, there is little up-to-date information on how extensively the Philippines are using computers and for what purposes. The researcher's goals were to determine the extent to which Metro Manila public and private schools used IT and to determine how these results compared with analogous data on schools in other developing and developed countries. The researcher gathered data with mail-in questionnaires adapted from the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), onsite visits, and follow-up telephone interviews. The researcher also compared her results with those from IEA surveyed countries.
The researcher determined that actual uses of IT did not meet schools' curricular goals. Although school officials wanted IT to individualize instruction, promote active learning, and improve student achievement, in actual practice, schools used computers to teach computer literacy, productivity tools, and programming.
In terms of infrastructure, the researcher found that schools in Metro Manila had the poorest student-to-computer ratio in comparison to schools in IEA-surveyed comprise. Metro Manila students' access to peripherals was also poor. Software selections were limited to productivity tools. Students in Metro Manila primary schools, like their counterparts in IEA-surveyed countries, had limited Internet access.
A comparison of results from public and private schools revealed that public and private schools shared many educational goals regarding the use of IT. However, the realization of these goals was uneven. Private schools had been using computers for a greater number of years than public schools. Private schools had lower student-to-computer and student-to-printer ratios. They also had greater Internet access. Furthermore, private schools tended to expose their students to computers at practically all educational levels. The study provided baseline data that was not previously available. The researcher identifies the need for similar studies with greater geographic scope or of a longitudinal nature, deeper investigations of curricular gaps or policy issues, and the development of instructional software for Filipino-specific subject areas.
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Cabanes, Jason Vincent Aquino. "Indians, Koreans and the mediation of diasporic voices in Manila." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5272/.
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This study had two key aims: to understand the how the mediation of multiculturalism in Manila marginalised the city’s Indian and Korean diasporas and, more importantly, to “interrupt” (Pinchevsky, 2005) this problematic mediation by exploring whether and how a collaborative photography exhibition project might create a space that fosters the voices of these migrants. To address these two concerns, I did life story interviews of seventeen Indian and fifteen Korean diasporas from Manila, six focus group discussions with local Filipinos from Manila, an impressionistic analysis of contemporary Philippine mainstream media, and participant observation of Shutter Stories, which was a collaborative exhibition project that I worked on together with Manila’s Indians and Koreans and with two photography scholars from one of Manila’s top universities. By weaving together these rich and diverse data sets, this study provides a nuanced counterpoint to extant works that focus on understanding multiculturalism in the cities of the developed world. In particular, it reveals that although Manila’s Indians and Koreans tend to be economically superior to the city’s local Filipinos, they are nevertheless symbolically marginalised. This is most evident in the problematic mediation of multiculturalism in Manila, the dynamics of which are characterised by what I call the cycle of strangeness and estrangement. Together with this, one other key contribution of this study is that it maps out the complexities of how a collaborative photography exhibition project might create a space for marginalised voices that can challenge dominant social discourses, such as the mediation of multiculturalism in Manila. As regards the photographic mediation of voice, this study underscores the importance of considering both how the various properties of the photograph are activated in the context of production and of consumption, as well as how the various practices of photography might be harnessed in a way that balances the call for both ethics (that is, the desire for marginalised to have a voice) and aesthetics (that is, the desire to ensure that the voices of the marginalised will be engaging enough to be heard). And as regards the social mediation of voice, this study reveals that the already difficult task of helping marginalised groups, such as migrant cultural minorities, to articulate stories that are in line with their personal life projects is made complicated by the need to also think about the much more difficult task of helping establish a society that is willing to foster such voices.
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Leal, Ana Maria. "Conditioning of Manila clam broodstock on natural and artificial diets." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/conditioning-of-manila-clam-broodstock-on-natural-and-artificial-diets(0ec43f18-fa32-4d46-9dab-e8e7ea2979ee).html.
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Two trials in 1991 and another two in 1992 were carried out on the broodstock conditioning of Manila clams, Tapes philippinarum. The main objective was to manipulate the lipid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content of Manila clam eggs by maintaining broodstock in different dietary regimes. The second objective was to assess dried algae as alternative diets for conditioning broodstock. Clams were brought into the laboratory from the natural environment early in the year, before gametogenesis had started. Supplements of cultured live (Dunaliella tertiolecta, Skeletonema costatum, Tetraselmis suecica and Isochrysis galbana) and dried algae (T. suecica) diets were fed to the broodstock, usually in a range of mixed diets, at rations equivalent to 3% or 6% of the initial dry meat weight of the broodstock in dry weight of algae per day. The microalgae differed in their long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content (PUFA). Unfed control clams received only the organic material which remained in the sea water after sand filtration. The nutritional value of these diets in relation to gametogenesis, fecundity, quality of eggs, and viability and growth of larvae were assessed. Dry T. suecica was the same food value as live T. suecica but Manila clams produced more eggs if supplements of live algae were added. The requirement for conditioning Manila clams (32 mm shell length) to spawn with live or dry T. suecica+S. costatum was 500 to 700 "day-degrees" (D°). With dry T. suecica on its own or mixed with I. galbana, S. costatum and D. tertiolecta it was 500 to 600 Do (44 mm shell length). In one trial clams spawned in the tanks (equivalent to 462 Do) before the first attempt to spawn them was made. Successful spawning was dependent on the quantity and quality of the algal diet during gametogenesis. With a 6% food ration, clams fed dry T. suecica+S. costatum or dry T. suecica+l. galbana produced the highest number of eggs (an average of 3.2 and 4.5 million eggs per female, respectively). The average fecundity was 83% lower when the diet was reduced to a 3% food ration. The dry meat weight, condition index and fecundity of fed broodstock were significantly higher than for unfed animals. The quantity of lipid in the eggs, usually between 4 and 9 ng egg-1, was similar whatever the broodstock diet. However, levels of the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids 20: 5w3 and 22: 6w3 in the eggs were low if the broodstock diet was deficient in these PUFAs. Even though diet manipulation caused changes in the fatty acid composition of the eggs, growth and survival of Manila clam larvae was not reduced in a hatchery situation.
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Reyes, Marqueza L. "Risk-sensitive land use planning towards reduced seismic disaster vulnerability ; the case of Marikina City, Metro Manila, Philippines /." Kassel : Kassel Univ. Press, 2004. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=973470305.
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Tonini, Federico. "Bioconcentration of selected personal care products in Ruditapes philippinarum (Manila clam)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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The Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) is the principal source of information used to assess and regulate the potential hazard and risk for a chemical that has the potential to bioaccumulate in the marine environment, according to the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). The main objective of this thesis was to estimate the BCFs of two different emerging contaminants in Ruditapes philippinarum (Manila clam) under controlled laboratory conditions: the UV filter 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) commonly used in skincare products, and the artificial sweetener Acesulfame potassium (ACE-K) used as a food additive. Ruditapes philippinarum organisms were exposed directly to 4-MBC and ACE-K nominal concentration of 1, 10 and 100 μg L-1 during 10 days. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were estimated according to 3 different models for both compounds. The 4-MBC estimated BCFs fall in range of 61553 - 539143 L Kg-1, showing that this compound is very bioaccumulative and could also undergo biomagnification in the marine food chain. On the contrary, estimated ACE-K BCF is consistently lower, in order of 7 L Kg-1 for the nominal exposure concentration of 100 μg L-1. The low ACE-K BCF could be explained by its high solubility in water and thus a rapid metabolization by clams during the experiments. In summary, future research focusing on the marine environment is needed on these two emerging compounds.
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Roth, Lars Christian. "An Economic Approach to Transportation and Urban Development in Metro Manila." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-720.
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<p>High population growth rate in Metro Manila has a direct effect on the intensity of urbanisation and development in the region and population is expected to reach 13 million by the year 2015. Urban congestion is one of the region's most pressing problems as air pollution has a major impact on public health and particularly affects children and the elderly. This study will give a broad description of transportation and urban development in Metro manila and thus contribute to improve the understanding of urban transport issues of developing countries.</p>
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Innes, Sacha Kenward. "A family literacy initiative using participatory action research in Manila, Philippines." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0019/MQ47949.pdf.
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Kueh, Joshua Eng Sin. "The Manila Chinese| Community, trade and empire, c. 1570 -- c. 1770." Thesis, Georgetown University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3636414.
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<p> This study focuses on the Chinese community of Manila from 1570 to 1770, revealing that the community was not an insular, ethnic enclave unified in its efforts and aspirations but one made up of different groups with varying goals. Not all Chinese saw the Spanish presence as conducive to their livelihoods but certain sectors of the community did. I argue the collaboration of these elements within the Chinese community was essential in maintaining the Spanish presence in Manila. Those whose interests most closely aligned with Spanish aims included a small group of wealthy Chinese merchants involved in supplying the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade with merchandise (mainly silk), merchants and artisans in the Chinese quarter called the Parián and Chinese leaders who acted as middlemen linking the needs of the regime with Southern Fujianese workers to supply the city with services, food, and labor. In return, Spaniards provided New Spanish silver, government monopolies and recognition of the authority of Chinese elites over laborers. In that way, the Spanish empire in the Asia-Pacific region was a collaborative enterprise, constructed in the cooperation of various interest groups. </p><p> When the abuses of Spanish authorities threatened the lives of those they ruled, Chinese intermediaries could not maintain their claims of mitigating the demands of the regime on behalf of Chinese workers and lost control of those under their supervision. In 1603, 1639, and 1662, Chinese laborers raised the banner of revolt. These moments of violent rupture with the colonial order indicate that mediation was crucial to preserving the Spanish presence in Manila. Coercion could put down threats to control but on its own could not hold colonial society together. </p><p> The Chinese, with others, created the ties that bound colonial society together through kinship and credit networks for mutual aid. <i>Compadrazgo </i> (coparenthood), <i>padrinazgo</i> (godparenthood), and marriage connected Chinese to colonial society and provided a means of profit, protection and recruiting labor. These links persisted into the nineteenth century and helped the Chinese shape the ecology of Manila to their purposes, albeit within the confines of Spanish sovereignty. </p><p> Sources: baptismal records, notarial books (<i>protocolos de Manila </i>), court cases.</p>
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Gabrillo, James. "The New Manila Sound : music and mass culture, 1990s and beyond." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/286224.
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This dissertation provides the first detailed account of the mass musical culture of the Philippines that originated in the 1990s and continues to be the most popular style of musical entertainment in the country - a scene I dub the New Manila Sound. Through a combination of archival research, musical analysis, and ethnographic fieldwork, my examination focuses on its two major pioneers: the musical television programme Eat Bulaga! (Lunchtime Surprise) and the pop-rock band Aegis. I document the scene's rise and development as it attracted mostly consumers from the lower classes and influenced other programmes and musicians to adapt its content and aesthetics. The scene's trademark kitsch qualities of parody, humour, and exaggeration served as forms of diversion to au- diences recovering from the turbulent dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos from 1965 to 1986, when musical works primarily comprised of state-commissioned nationalist anthems, Western art music, and protest songs. In the second part of the study, I trace the New Manila Sound's contemporary revival in popularity through the aid of digital technology, resulting in an expansion of the modes of content-creation, dissemination, and audience participation in the country's entertainment industry. Eat Bulaga! and Aegis hold a significant place in Philippine culture: not only have they influenced the tastes and identities of their audience, their brand of entertainment has also trickled down to the musicality of everyday social contexts in the country. As the first study of contemporary Philippine musical traditions that combines historical documentation and the ethnographic study of performers and audiences, my research expands our understanding of the country's popular music industry as an influential force that has bestowed on its mass audience assurances of cultural and social authority.
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Sykes, Thomas. "Searching for Manila : personal and political journeys in an Asian megacity." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2018. http://research.gold.ac.uk/23699/.
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Searching for Manila: Personal and Political Journeys in an Asian Megacity is an autobiographical travelogue based on a period I spent living and working in Manila, the Philippines in 2009-10, and on two subsequent visits to the city. The book, which is slightly abridged for this submission, addresses themes both personal (such as the difficult processes of deciding what to do with my life, of falling in love and of becoming a surrogate father) and political (the struggles of marginalised communities against official oppression, the impact of neo-liberalism on various aspects of Philippine society and the ideological reasons why Filipinos selectively remember national traumas). I interweave my lived, empirical experiences of people and places with data researched from other Manila-focused texts both historical and contemporary: novels, memoirs, travel books, media reports, statistical surveys and historiographical analyses. The critical commentary element of my thesis begins with an analysis of what I term ‘Manilaism’, a trajectory of Anglo-American travel writing, literary journalism and realist fiction set in Manila dating from the mid-Victorian era to the twenty-first century, and goes on to argue that Searching for Manila contests the reactionary and ethnocentric assumptions of these texts by employing a variety of research methods, narrative strategies and linguistic devices. The result of these creative decisions has been to situate Searching for Manila as a ‘radical travelogue’; that is to say radical according to both the formal and political senses of the word: my mobilisation of parody, self-reflexivity and inter-textuality are complemented by my endeavours to evoke Manila through the lens of my leftist commitments to peace, social equality, economic justice, anti-racism and anti-imperialism.
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Nicolin, Rossella. "Centro Migrante : self-help housing community for transient seafarers in Manila." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47768.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2007.<br>"September 2007."<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-132).<br>The design of sustainable housing in developing countries involves social, economical and technical issues and requires a more global and integrated planning action. In these countries, housing systems need to be designed and planned according to the local and geographical conditions, in order to best meet the requirements of the people in need of shelter. The thesis addresses this issue focusing on a specific project in the Philippines being undertaken by the entrepreneurship initiative Centro Migrante which is addressing the problem of providing housing for transient jobseekers in Manila. The thesis focuses specifically on proposing sustainable solutions for temporary dwellings which are based on detailed research on local materials, techniques and climate conditions. Architectural, structural and bioclimatic principles have been intertwined in a multidisciplinary design context to develop a housing community prototype with multiple requirements: affordability, safety in response to natural hazards (typhoons and earthquakes), energy efficiency and sustainable use of local resources. This technical research has been conducted in collaboration with Centro Migrante team managers in order to ensure that the solutions are feasible and compatible with the global business plan.<br>by Rossella Nicolin.<br>S.M.
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Thomas, Matthew F. "Pacific Trade Winds: Towards a Global History of the Manila Galleon." W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539272208.
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Torio, Philamer Carlos. "Water privatization in Metro Manila : assessing the state of equitable water provision." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57702.
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This dissertation extensively examines the Metro Manila water privatization, one of the largest and longest-running privatization programs in the world for a water utility. Regular performance assessments show significantly improved privatized water services since 1997, citing increased area coverage, with 24-hour supply of high pressure, good quality water. The dissertation takes performance assessment a step further by determining whether or not such services have been experienced by all consumers, particularly the urban poor. Scenarios where urban poor communities have not been able to benefit from improved water provision are identified through extensive analysis that foregrounds equity as a key parameter worthy of careful evaluation. Evidence-based equity metrics show that access and affordability remain critical issues for impoverished communities, despite considerable improvements shown by traditional metrics. Connected urban poor households enjoy improved water services, but affordability is a major concern requiring a review of existing water tariff structures. With limited supply options and low bargaining power, unconnected urban poor households in southern peri-urban areas pay high prices for monthly water consumption that is below the minimum World Health Organization standard, posing health risks to individuals and communities alike. Informal settlements (squatter communities) in networked areas that are unable to get direct water service connections because of property rights issues, highly depend on community-based operators (supplied by the private concessionaires) to provide the last phase of water delivery. This research offers key insights to better ensure that privatization programs benefit all households, regardless of socio-economic status. For Metro Manila, policies that may address access and affordability concerns include water tariff reform, conversion guidelines for community water systems, service coverage formula revision, multilateral grants for new service connections of poor households, temporary distribution facilities for informal settlements, as well as new water sources and distribution systems for southern peri-urban communities. While performance assessments based on efficiency metrics offer a sense of the privatization program’s achievements, assessments based on equity metrics presented in this dissertation provide a fuller appreciation of the degree to which all consumers benefit from improved water services.<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for<br>Graduate
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Whitworth, Olivia Stephanie Sophia. "Transnational women's networks : material and virtual spaces in Manila, Bangkok and Jakarta." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7086/.
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This research sought to examine the relationship between material and virtual space for Transnational Advocacy Network members in Manila, Bangkok and Jakarta. In the decade since the seminal work of Keck and Sikkink’s ‘Activists Beyond Borders’ there have been significant technological advancement and the ensuing literature has positively portrayed the possibilities for network members and other activists. Through extensive semi-structured interviews with members of Transnational Women’s Networks in Jakarta, Bangkok and Manila and thorough review of the literature it sought to establish the relationship between traditional, material spaces and emergent virtual spaces across four main themes; access to technology, relationships, freedom in virtual space and collective identity. These themes emerged from the fieldwork and presented themselves as trends within the literature which then led to their consideration within this research. This work argues that there is a continued relationship between material geography and virtual space and that an individual or groups physical location continues to have overriding implications on their online presence both in terms of their direct access, legislative obstacles and their perceptions of relationships and identity.
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Ferreira, Frédéric Gonçalves. "Habitar no inabitável. Casas para um planeta pequeno; Cemitério de Navotas, Manila." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6822.
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Michel, Boris. "Global City als Projekt : neoliberale Urbanisierung und Politiken der Exklusion in Metro Manila /." Bielefeld : Transcript, 2010. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3391292&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Bellen, Christine Siu. "The historic voice of Bukid: a postcolonial reading of Manila and Bicol's comtemporary." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2016. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/306.
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Writing the history of children's literature in the postcolonial era remains important, because it serves as the counter-assertion to the history of the child and the history of children's literature dominated by the West. The once-silenced voice of the postcolonial child must resurface in in literary criticism, because it asserts the strangeness and otherness that the West and of which it has remained largely ignorant. The present study offers a postcolonial reading of children's literature in the Philippines in the context of succeeding waves of Spanish and American colonization. In making close-readings of selected works, I analyze the dynamic between metropolitan Manila and provincial Bicol, in the effort to reconfigure operative binaries of city and country still shaping the economic, historical and cultural realities in everyday Filipino/a life. Philippine children's literature remains "Manila -centric"not only because the capital city retains the monopoly of cultural production nationally, but because it perpetuates the legacy of colonialism in language and educational policy required by elites in the center. By contrast, Bicol represents the power, voice, and authority of the once -marginalized periphery, whereby an alternative to Manila in children's literary disc ourse has emerged, born out of (as I argue here) a specifically and culturally situated local discourse: that of the bukid or mountain.Bukid is the Bicol term for the rice field, mountain, and volcano. The iconic mountain-volcano of our region, the Mayon Volcano, represents the power of bukid now appearing on the horizon of the metropolitan imaginary. The mountain is speaking back. Historically, bukid has served as a shelter for the marginalized. It also has provided refuge for revolutionaries rebelling against the colonizers based in the center. As an as -yet under-theorized voice linking local landscape to history, the voice of bukid is crucial to the study of Filipino/a children's literature, because its very solidity and monumentality are integral to Filipino/a consciousness everywhere. (Every region has its own mountain.) The voice of the bukid not only challenges the binarism between the city and the country, but makes a critique of the current centralized system of production impoverishing the regional capacity for children's literature in the Philippines. My personal experience as a Filipina -Chinese woman writing on behalf of our children remains connected to these marginalized spaces seemingly so distant from the metropolitan imagination. According to Gloria Anzaldua, "The work of the mestiza consciousness is to break down the subject-object duality that keeps her a prisoner and to show in the flesh and through the images of her work how duality is transcended" (80)
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Trice, Jasmine Nadua. "Transnational cinema, transcultural capital cinema distribution and exhibition in Metro-Manila, Philippines, 2006-2009 /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3380147.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Communication and Culture, 2009.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 14, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-12, Section: A, page: 4494. Advisers: Gregory Waller; Barbara Klinger.
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Gueguen, Catherine. "L'investissement des associations chinoises dans leur environnement urbain : le cas de Metro-Manila, Philippines." Centre for Local Government, 2008. http://clg-cgl.politics-and-society.ca/.
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Jong, Fil Kim. "Contemporary Pentecostal/charismatic movements : on a double-structured religious system in Greater Metro Manila." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633213.
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This thesis aims to investigate Pentecostal/Charismatic movements in Greater Metro Manila in the light of the double-structured religious system. It is methodologically based on historical descriptive investigation and analysis of Pentecostal/Charismatic movements in Greater Metro Manila. Since their inception in the 1920s, Pentecostal/Charismatic churches have grown rapidly in the context of a double-structured Roman Catholicism: one from official Catholicism, the other from a mixture of folk/popular Catholicism with traditional beliefs and practices. The co-existence of institutionalised Roman Catholicism and folk/popular Catholicism with ancient beliefs and practices urgently demands thoughtful investigation about the religious system, for which the writer introduces the new term "double-structured religious system." Even though much research has been carried out on many aspects, investigation of the complicated religious system in the Philippines has been neglected. The slow growth of Protestantism in the country is ascribed to the double-structured religious system to some extent. On the other hand, the rapid growth of Pentecostal/Charismatic movements is attributed to the "Manila Pentecostal revival" in the 1950s. The revival movement, on which little has been previously written, interacted vividly in the midst of the double-structured religious system in Greater Metro Manila in particular, and in the Philippines in general. For that reason, academic investigations and evaluations on the "Manila Pentecostal revival" and a double- structured religious system were examined in this thesis. To investigate the origins and development of the Pentecostal/Charismatic churches extensive fieldwork was undertaken in order to reveal characteristics of the Pentecostal/Charismatic movements in Greater Metro Manila.
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Subida, Ronald Dollete. "Environmental health risk assessment of particulate air pollution and mortality in metropolitan Manila, Philippines." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2004. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682322/.
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Key Words: Metropolitan Manila, Environmental Health Risk Assessment, Life Expectancy, Age, Educational Level, Particulate Air Pollution, PM10 Background and Objectives: Metropolitan Manila is considered a Mega-City with approximately 10 million people as of 1995. Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, environmental health problems including air pollution have become very prominent. In this study, the potential magnitude of environmental health inequalities with particular reference to particulate air pollution in Metropolitan Manila, Philippines has been assessed in terms of mortality by adapting the risk assessment method. Utilizing various indicators of mortality such as life expectancy and years of life lost, modification of the chronic health impact by markers of population heterogeneity particularly age and educational attainment has been explored In addition, the impact of various pollution reduction scenarios were evaluated. Methodology: Published Environmental Health Risk Assessment methods were adapted and applied for estimating chronic mortality effects of PM10 pollution in the city of Metropolitan Manila. Pooled estimates derived from the exposure-response coefficients of the two US longitudinal epidemiological studies on PM10 and chronic mortality were used primarily. These pooled estimates which signify increases in mortality with incremental increase in PM10 were applied to the indicators of mortality. Hence, the methodology involved a life table approach using age-specific mortality rates from Metropolitan Manila in 1995. Annual averages of PM10 for the whole of Metropolitan Manila and for the cities within were also used. Life expectancies using two pollution reduction scenarios were compared with the 1995 life table to determine pollution reduction benefits. All causes and cardio-respiratory causes of deaths were evaluated. Apart from gains in life expectancy, other effect measures such as years of life loss and number of deaths were also assessed. Findings: Health impact as a result of particulate pollution reduction by 10 μg/m3 resulted in gains in life expectancies of approximately five months for both males and females. Inclusion of effects on the elderly in the model did not make much of a difference in terms of life expectancy gains. However, with the addition of the effects on infants in the model and retaining the effects on adults and the elderly, life expectancy gains, years of life lost and attributable deaths increased. Life expectancy gains were also estimated to be more for the low education level as compared to the middle and high education levels. The overall life expectancy gains for a reduction to the international annual guideline of 50 μg/m3 PM10 scenario were 2.22 years for males and 1.88 years for females. By educational level, the life expectancy gains at age 25 years old in the same pollution reduction scenario, range from 0.74 years for males and 0.59 years for females in the high educational level to more than four years for males and more than three and half years for females in the low educational level. Improvements in the cardio-respiratory causes of death alone contributed most to the life expectancy gains. The estimates that resulted from this assessment were found to be sensitive to the exposure-response coefficients used, the exposure reduction scenarios, the measures of heterogeneity (particularly age and educational level), baseline rates and the time period of effect. In addition, geographic differences in gains in life expectancy within Metropolitan Manila were like wise assessed. Higher gains in life expectancy were seen in the cities in the north where pollution levels are also greater than in the cities in the south. Implication: The air pollution studies have found relatively small exposure response coefficients. However, the impact on public health is quite substantial and relevant to prioritising intervention to control air pollution. The results in this study could be used in several aspects of public policy as discussed in the thesis. These results were presented to decision-makers in the government and the responses summarised.
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Shekfeh, Marwa. "MANILA: A Multi-Agent Framework for Emergent Associative Learning and Creativity in Social Networks." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1511861383686974.
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Ramos, Noelynna T. "Tectonic implications of uplifted Holocene marine terraces along the Manila and Philippine trenches, Philippines." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/142388.
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Cha, Mei-wah. "The ecology of tapes philippinarum (Bivalvia: Veneridae) in Starfish Bay, Hong Kong, and its potential as a biological indicator of coastal pollution /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13762370.
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Struthers, William Alistair. "The economic feasibility of a commercial scale Manila clam (Tapes philippinarum) hatchery on Vancouver Island." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24247.pdf.
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Kim, S. J. "Exploring the ambiguity of community in disaster risk reduction : a case study of Metro Manila." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1463874/.
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This study investigates the dialectical relationships between state-centred interventions and community-based actions in reducing disaster risks by focusing on everyday practices of the informal settlers living in ‘danger areas’. Past research has reduced the interactions between state and community by focusing on tensions between the two as top-down/bottom-up or knowledge/action. This research attempts to illustrate community-based disaster risk reduction as a process itself in which multiple and contingent paths emerge. To this aim, adopting Lefebvre’s production of space, this research elaborates on the concept of ‘space of risk’, which is distinguished from the term ‘danger areas’. Specifically, the term ‘danger areas’ is defined exclusively by law and is based on scientific knowledge and policy orientation; however, local communities directly involved in a series of disasters are relatively excluded in the construction of meanings. If an urban area is declared a ‘danger area’, the state has a legal basis to evict informal settlers living in that area. Those who determine a danger area have the power to dictate who has access to urban lands. Hence, in conceptualizing ‘space of risk’ as an analytical tool, this thesis highlights the roles of informal settlers in producing this space and, potentially, reproducing existing social relationships. This framework is used to address whether the state potentially depoliticizes community-based actions, how community involvement in disaster risk reduction can bring changes to the state mode of production, and under which conditions community-based actions can obtain political dimension. Empirical narratives are grounded in the city of Metro Manila, the Philippines. Guided by a qualitative case study methodology, fieldwork was conducted in three sites of low-income communities, facing a range of disaster risks. Whilst the government-led relocation plan increases the vulnerability of people and, as a result, depoliticizes community-based actions, the informal settlers living in ‘danger areas’ self-organize, initiate, and participate in disaster risk reduction activities. However, within a community that is disaggregated are sub-communities that develop and pursue their own agendas; especially, the most active participants of disaster risk reduction who negotiate with the governments for basic services or access to land ownership. Thus, when acknowledging different agendas, aspirations, and needs of each group, community-based actions can regain their political dimension.
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Furlong, Matthew J. "Peasants, Servants, and Sojourners: Itinerant Asians in Colonial New Spain, 1571-1720." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/333213.
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This dissertation charts the social interactions, work experiences, and routes traveled by Asian workers within and between the colonial Philippines and Mexico between 1571 and 1720. Residents of early colonial Mexico called these workers chinos. Most free chinos were Filipinos, but enslaved chinos had origins all over Asia. Chinos crossed the Pacific on the Manila galleons, which sailed between the Philippines and Mexico. These ships facilitated the exchange of American products, mostly silver, for Asian products, primarily textiles. This study explores the social and spatial mobility of chinos to show how trade between and within the Americas and Asia opened a new chapter in the social history of the early modern world. This project expands the study of Latin American history in three ways. First, it analyzes the ways in which chinos, especially Filipinos, created and sustained colonial Mexico as part of a Pacific world, advancing scholarship that already celebrates Mexico as part of an Atlantic world. Next, this work develops the study of economic history by comparing the ways that chinos shaped and connected different regions of colonial Mexico by employing Southeast Asian labor organization and technology. Thirdly, this dissertation refines studies of ethnicity by considering the ways that chinos, especially free laborers, represented themselves as members of a new corporate group in colonial Mexico, and appropriated the ethnic category of "indio," originally established for indigenous people in the Americas. They used these categories to claim resources from the colonial state, to form social networks, and to create bases for collective action. This work advances the field of early modern global and world history. It analyzes the Philippines and Pacific New Spain as arenas of cross-cultural interaction, labor, migration, and production in their own right, rather than as mere commercial intermediaries mediating between East Asia and the Americas. Finally, this work considers the ways that the long history of interactions between Island Southeast Asia and the rest of Asia shaped the mobility of chinos, while also situating their trans-Pacific interactions within the institutions of the global tributary empire of the Spanish Habsburgs.
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Provost-Smith, Patrick. "Macao, Manila, Mexico, and Madrid Jesuit controversies over strategies for the Christianization of China (1580-1600) /." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2002. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3046539.
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Collantes, Christianne France. "Gender, global economic development and intimate lives : exploring reproductive dilemmas in Metro Manila and Cavite, Philippines." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2016. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29806/.
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Soriano, Aura Keziah. "Investigating the Gap between Informal Urbanization and Formal Planning and Governance Practices in Metro Manila, Philippines." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298486.
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Metro Manila, Philippines is one of the densest and fastest growing metropolitan regions in the world, of which informal urbanization is a significant contributor. This rapid informal urbanization is a dynamic yet uncoordinated force shaping the city-region, in conflict with the vision of a modern, globally-competitive city-region painted in formal planning instruments. Despite manifold efforts, urban planning and housing mechanisms have been unable to adequately address the issue of informal settlements in the metropolis. In this degree project, I investigate how formal planning policy and housing governance practices in Metro Manila can better engage with urban informality towards sustainable and just urban development.While informality is a complex phenomenon that still eludes definition, theories suggest that it is a mode of urbanization that works between the gaps of formality in the production of the city. As they are recreated through the same structural conditions, it is possible to use informality as a lens to critically analyze urban formality and the direction of urban development. Building on this, I examine the generative context, social construction, and interactions of structure and human agency that shape formal and informal urbanization in Metro Manila through interviews and document review.Through this study, I propose three points to consider in the urban development of Metro Manila. First, I posit that urban planning based on land use regulation cannot enhance spatial justice when property is inaccessible to the urban poor. In a market-led property setting, land use planning becomes an instrument for gentrification. Second, I problematize the concept of property ownership being the basis of ‘formality’ in Philippine policy and consequently the perceived solution to the issues of informal settlements. Reconsidering informality as a way of claiming the right to the city, I argue that spatial justice entails addressing access to housing tenure, employment, welfare and social networks rather than ‘formalizing the informal’. Finally, I question the ability of current processes of democratic governance in securing the common good within a context of unequal power relations. Instead, I propose that political will should be constructed from the grassroots to redefine the desired direction of urban development.
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Irving, David Ronald Marshall. "Lamentation settings by Manuel José Doyagüe (1755-1842) recently rediscovered in Manila : a contextual study and critical transcription /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://adt.library.uq.edu.au/public/adt-QU20040816.171235/index.html.
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Ramos, Gie Geraldine Samaniego 1974. "Doing it right, improved public housing communities : building on Smokey Mountain : medium rise housing redevelopment, Tondo, Manila, Philippines." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69414.
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Hurst, Coreen. "Testing Models Related to the Laramide Uplift of the Uinta Mountains and Geologic Mapping of the Jessen Butte 7.5 Minute Quadrangle, Dagget County, Utah and Sweetwater County, Wyoming." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2010. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3437.pdf.
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Cha, Mei-wah, and 車美華. "The ecology of tapes philippinarum (Bivalvia: Veneridae) in Starfish Bay, Hong Kong, and its potential as a biological indicator of coastalpollution." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31233442.
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Deppner, Mariel Estrada. "Estero de Provisor: Revitalization of a City Through Water. A Thermal Bathhouse on the Pasig River of Manila, Philippines." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50659.
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"Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makararating sa paroroonan." One of innumerable Filipino proverbs meaning bluntly, if you don't know how to look back to where you came from, you will not reach your destination. While the city of Manila, Philippines cannot be summed into one simple phrase; its creation of history can be traced back to the city's lifeline, the Pasig River.
Under Spaniard rule during the sixteenth century, Manila was known as the, "Pearl of the Orient," being the jewel of Spain's empire in the Pacific. Before the mass urbanization of Manila, the Pasig River was the main connection to the rest of Asia and further into the rest of the world. The Pasig River was the city's center of economic activity; it was Manila's lifeline.<br>Master of Architecture
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Serrano, Vincenz. "'Eskinita' and other poems, and, Form, historiography, and nation in Nick Joaquin's 'Almanac for Manileños'." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/eskinita-and-other-poems-and-form-historiography-and-nation-in-nick-joaquins-almanac-for-manilenos(0e55ceea-e7ad-4075-b4a5-3a9a9ace1729).html.
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Eskinita and Other Poems Eskinita and Other Poems is a collection of poems and sequences with Manila as its context and the city walker as its key figure. An eskinita - a Tagalog diminution of the Spanish word esquina, which means "corner" - is a term used to refer to sidestreet so narrow that even a car would find it hard to maneuver there; an eskinita that leads to a dead end, moreover, is called an interior. Grounded in, yet taking flight from, the language and imagery of Manila, the manuscript draws on the city's history and its present moment as it juxtaposes personal experiences and scholarly sources to portray a city whose development - considered in works like Nick Joaquin's Manila, My Manila, Manuel Caoili's The Origins of Metropolitan Manila, and Robert Reed's Colonial Manila - is bound up with political, social, economic, and postcolonial structures. Through this space goes the city walker, a figure considered in literary and theoretical texts like Walter Benjamin's study on the flâneur, Michel de Certeau's analysis of walking, and psychogeographic writings of the Situationists. The poems are concerned with formal strategies that take their cues from Anglo-American Modernism - collages of texts in lyric and prose, serial structures, and line splicings - and aim to express the complex experience of walking in Manila, of writing Manila: juxtapositions and interpenetrations between interior and exterior, scholarly and demotic language, past and present. The long poem Eskinita extends the use of these devices: apart from prose and verse combinations, it incorporates quotation, parataxis, and photography. Although the overt aim is to offer, using the aesthetic resources of poetry, multiple and refracted views of Manila, Eskinita nevertheless endeavours to express - by constraining words, lines, and page layout - a sense of containment and limit. By counterpointing multiple textual and visual modes - and including various sources and formal devices - Eskinita and Other Poems explores and sometimes rejoices in the tensions between polyphonic and disjunctive elements, and the way their structures generate resonance and dialogue between unlikely familiars. Form, Historiography, and Nation in Nick Joaquin's Almanac for Manileños This thesis argues that the Almanac - when contextualised within the long-standing tradition of the almanac genre, and examined using the theoretical underpinnings of Mikhail Bakhtin's notion of heteroglossia, Walter Benjamin's views of fragmentary historiography, and intertwining aspects of literary form and nation formation - expresses the multiple, not singular, temporalities that constitute and complicate the Filipino nation. Produced in 1979, during Martial Law in the Philippines, the Almanac's formal strategy - demonstrated by the accommodation of discrepant genres, compression and correspondence in the calendars, and fragmentation in the essays - is a kind of non-linear historical emplotment. Such an aesthetic - derived in part from Modernism - is distinct from, and critically interrogates, fixed and linear articulations of national history. The focus of the analysis is a reading of the Almanac's calendars and essays. The distinctions and interactions between these subgenres result in a text that is both cohesive and stratified: calendrical entries which are comprised of national and religious elements and have past and future orientations inhabit the same space as temporally disjunctive essays. Despite fragmentation, the Almanac is nevertheless held together by correspondences and associations. The Almanac's oblique and tangential strategy of representing Philippine history - when seen in the light of the obsolescence of a now-moribund but then-vital genre - critiques linear historiography. By accommodating accounts of missed chances and foregrounding seemingly irrelevant details, Joaquin's Almanac interrogates historical narratives which, in the name of progress, fail to incorporate materials that are aberrant and inconsequential.
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Wilson, Alastair David Owen. "Tides of capitalism, culture and politics in the South China Sea : the British merchant community in Spanish Manila, 1837-1869." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556748.
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This thesis will show how the Philippine Islands were integrated into British dominated trans-national networks in the China Sea between 1837 and 1869, which heavily influenced the historical development of the Spanish colony. It will focus on the role of Manila's British merchant population in helping to establish the Philippine port-capital as an important hub in this British "world-system" (Darwin). The origins of British settlement can be dated back to the 1820s, however, this process accelerated after 1837, the year the port was formally opened to international trade. The port-capital's growing integration into a British Asian world was already hinted at by 1838, when Jardine, Matheson & Co. made plans (eventually aborted) to relocate to Manila under threat of expulsion from China. The next thirty years witnessed the Philippines' further incorporation into this British imperial politico-commercial web as European trade in the Far East mushroomed. A plethora of merchants and diplomats were attracted to the new extraterritorial acquisitions in China after victory in the 1st Opium War (1839-1842). British and foreign trade with Manila also expanded rapidly through the city's relationship to these new settlements, especially Hong Kong, Europe's gateway to China. This encouraged the growth of a (predominantly) British and North American mercantile diaspora in Manila that controlled finance, shipping and foreign trade in the port. The role of these merchant congeries in binding the colony to markets and colonial polities in China, Malaysia and Australia anchored the port within a British hegemonic network that shaped trade and diplomacy in the Asia-Pacific. In the Philippine Islands this process facilitated the economic expansion, social evolution and political reconfiguration of the colony, helping redefine the colony's place in the reconfigured Spanish "Imperial archipelago" (Morillo-Alicea) that survived the dissolution of the Spanish American empire in the mid 1820s.
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Tomlin, Steve, and n/a. "A reformulation of ELT curricula through a critique of established theoretical models and a case study of the ELT curriculum at De La Salle University, Manila." University of Canberra. Education, 1990. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.151258.
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This thesis undertakes a reformulation of ELT curricula by means of a
critique of established theoretical models and a case study of the ELT
curriculum at De La Salle University (DLSU), Manila.
The thesis proceeds in accordance with the precise that a sound
theoretical and philosophical perspective is crucial to any task of
curriculum development and criticism and thus derives a theoretical/
philosophical perspective from a consideration of ELT in the context of
the philosophy of education and linguistic, applied linguistic,
sociolinguistic, learning and curriculum theories.
The argument is presented that any model of language as communication
derived from linguistics and applied linguistics is not amenable to
translation into descriptive rules of 'use' and hence a pedagogic grammar.
Such theoretical perspectives, in only deriving partial models of 'use',
are largely inadequate in the context of a concern with language teaching.
Input from cognitive learning theory however suggests that teaching
language as communication requires a curriculum approach focusing on
'open' communicative procedures rather than systematic techniques premised
on language description and exemplified by a syllabus-based structure. It
is thus argued that communicative language teaching requires 'open',
methodology-based procedures that provide a markedly subordinated role for
syllabus. The advocated form of communicative language curriculum is thus
described as employing an 'open' rather than a 'closed-system') approach.
It is also maintained that the ELT debate on communicative curricula has
largely ignored crucial issues in curriculum theory and the philosophy of
education - especially the distinction between 'education' and 'training'.
This theoretical debate enables the derivation of a revised taxonomy of
language curricula to replace the orthodox dichotomy into General English
and ESP. The argument is presented that there are essentially two
approaches to the curriculum - closed-system and open approaches - and
that within each approach there are two curriculum types. Through revised
definitions, the intents of 6E and ESP curricula are distinguished and a
new taxonomy of four possible curriculum types, including that of a
Focused English Learning (FED curriculum, presented.
The principles derived from the theoretical discussion and reformulated
taxonomy enable an 'illuminative' case study investigation of an example
curriculum: the ostensibly English for Specific Purposes (ESP) curriculum
for Engineers employed at DLSU. This case study, by examining curriculum
justification and intent and illuminating the nature of the problem at the
university, illustrates, by example, aspects of the reformulated taxonomy.
The case study findings detail crucial aspects of the interface between
theory and local practice and expose the curriculum at DLSU as inherently
contradictory, based on an inaccurate notion of ESP, and principally
concerned with the pursuit of broadly educational aims through a mainly
training-based, closed-system and non-communicative curriculum.
The thesis concludes by proposing that the orthodox dichotomy between GE
and ESP curricula is inappropriate and fails to reflect the various and
possible forms of curricular intent. This has been a consequence of a
theoretical emphasis on linguistics and sociolinguistics and an inadequate
consideration of the philosophy of education and learning and curriculum
theories. The inadequacy of the established dichotomy has led to
confusion in application (as demonstrated through the case study) that
could be avoided through the adoption of the reformulated taxonomy.
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Choi, Narae. "Impacts of development-induced displacement on urban locality and settlers : a case-study of the railway upgrading project in Metro Manila." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cc010100-f0cc-42ae-b48d-a1577d5d8c33.
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Population displacement has long been a controversial companion of development. The central tension has been between the position challenging the kind of development that removes people from their homes, livelihoods and communities, and a managerial position that the impoverishment risks of displacement can be mitigated through an effective intervention. Whereas recent research has been devoted to unpacking a rather unsuccessful performance of involuntary resettlement as a mitigation measure, this study aims to question the assumption of mitigation itself by expanding the concept of development impacts beyond the realm of displacement. Through an empirical study of a railway project in Metro Manila, the Philippines, I examine how urban residents are affected by a large-scale demolition and displacement that took place in their locality. Semi-structured interviews were conducted along the railway tracks after the land was cleared of informal settlements since the study placed particular focus on residents who were not physically displaced. They are identified in my research as non-displaced people. Few studies have addressed the possibility that other people might have been adversely affected in situ and this is particularly so in urban areas. Empirical findings reveal that the physical environment and socio-economic relationships in the locality were significantly transformed through the clearance; impacting the tenure status, livelihoods and social milieu of non-displaced people. Tenure security was important for avoiding displacement but was not a definitive factor as a number of people are still informal settlers who continue to be faced with other eviction threats. For the non-displaced, the physical change of the locality became relevant when their productive capital, notably, a second house or business space, was affected. The loss or erosion of physical capital had a secondary impact on livelihoods, which was compounded by the rupture in the local livelihood network following a mass population outflow. Whereas the income of locally-based businesses decreased substantially, livelihoods that operate beyond the locality remain relatively resilient. Differentiated experiences of a local change are also reflected in a range of evaluations that describe local social ambiance before and after the event. Diverse ways in which non-displaced people were affected underline that the current conceptualisation of impacts is limited to one dimension of displacement. This raises the need to adopt a more holistic and disaggregated approach to understanding the complexities of development impacts. A discussion on whether and how they can be mitigated would benefit further from such a comprehensive study.
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Reyes, Marqueza L. [Verfasser]. "Risk-sensitive land use planning : towards reduced seismic disaster vulnerability ; the case of Marikina City, Metro Manila, Philippines / Marqueza L. Reyes." Kassel : Kassel Univ. Press, 2004. http://d-nb.info/973470305/34.
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Faraj, Dina, and Saad Shihab. "How can Beema Bamboo Plantations Benefit Islands and Farmers in the Philippines? : A study in Manila, Marinduque and Romblon, the Philippines." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264547.
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This study was conducted as a bachelor thesis at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in the spring of 2019. The study was carried out as a Minor Field Study (MFS) funded by the Swedish agency SIDA (Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency). The study focuses on the potential economic- & ecological benefits of farming bamboo on small islands in the Philippines. Few other countries are so vulnerable for natural disasters as the Philippines. Majority of the farmers in the Philippines live on a day to day payment where the life of a family can be destroyed when a disaster strikes and ruins the crops. Bamboo could be intercropped and supply farmers with a more stable and higher income on the long term. This project examines previous Beema bamboo plantations, the characteristics of Beema bamboo and explores future implementations. The main type of bamboo that is explored is Beema bamboo, a modified and improved version of Bambusa Balcooa. The Philippines have optimal growth conditions for Beema bamboo and could develop industries which can provide job opportunities. Since the research of Beema bamboo is still in early stages in the Philippines this goal is still years away.<br>Denna studie genomfördes som ett kandidatexamensarbete på Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan våren 2019. Studien utfördes som en fältstudie med finansiellt stöd från den svenska myndigheten SIDA (Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency). Detta projekt fokuserar på de potentiella ekonomiska- & ekologiska fördelarna med att odla bambu på små öar i Filippinerna. Få andra länder är lika sårbara för naturkatastrofer som Filippinerna. Majoriteten av jordbrukare i Filippinerna lever på en daglig inkomst, där en naturkatastrof kan förstöra familjer som lever på sitt jordbruk. Bambu kan bidra med en mer stabil och högre inkomst för bönder på lång sikt. Projektet undersöker tidigare Beema bamboo plantage, dess egenskaper och framtida implementeringar. Den huvudsakliga typen av bambu som utforskas i detta projekt är Beema bamboo, en modifierad och förbättrad version av Bambusa Balcooa. Filippinerna har optimala förhållanden för Beema bambu och kan utveckla industrier som kan skapa arbetsmöjligheter. Eftersom forskningen på Beema bamboo fortfarande är i tidiga stadier i Filippinerna är detta mål fortfarande många år bort.
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Smits, Morgan. "Development of genomic tools in the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, to investigate resistance to major pathogens and potential selection for aquaculture." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425909.
Full textAbstract:
The Manila clam is a bivalve species of particular commercial interest, currently representing about a quarter of total bivalve aquaculture worldwide. European production of this species has suffered greatly from the negative impact of infectious diseases, namely due to the protozoan parasite Perkinsus olseni and the Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio tapetis. These pathogens induce chronic infections that have been associated with reduced growth, fecundity, spat production, and overall health, as well as triggering mass mortality in cultured clam populations. The difficulties inherent in treating diseases in commercial bivalve production have led to the search for alternative solutions to limit the impact of disease by 1) improving our understanding of virulence, resistance, and host-pathogen interactions and 2) developing the tools necessary for hatcheries to initiate selection for traits of commercial interest.
This PhD, in joint agreement between the University of Padova and the University of Brest, and within the framework of the EU Horizon2020 project VIVALDI, seeks to investigate the potential for selection to increase resistance to disease in the Manila clam, as well as examine the functional mechanisms associated with resistance. In order to lay the basis for understanding the genetic factors of resistance a novel tool for parentage assignment was developed and applied for the first time to several populations of clams from hatchery broodstock. This made it possible to estimate genetic parameters for multiple traits including resistance to disease in large-scale field experiments, revealing the high potential for multiple trait selection in this species for the first time, and raising interesting questions regarding impact of genotype-by-environment on selection strategies. Furthermore, the molecular basis for resistance was investigated through a relevant proteomics approach, shedding light on the metabolisms at play in long-term resistant juvenile clams.
Overall, the work carried out in these studies highlights the feasibility of future selection methods based on both genetic information and clear molecular markers as a solution for increasing disease resistance in the Manila clam.<br>La palourde japonaise est une espèce bivalve d’intérêt économique qui représente aujourd’hui environ un quart de la production mondiale de mollusques en aquaculture. La production européenne de cette espèce a beaucoup souffert de l’impact des maladies infectieuses, notamment celles induites par le parasite protozoaire Perkinsus olseni et par la bactérie Gram-négative Vibrio tapetis. Ces pathogènes induisent des maladies chroniques qui ont été associées à des mortalités de masse dans les parcs de production de palourde, ainsi qu’à une diminution de la croissance, de la fécondité, de la production de semis naturel, et de l’état de santé global des animaux. Les difficultés intrinsèques au traitement des maladies dans le contexte de la production de mollusques bivalves ont souligné l’importance d’orienter la recherche vers des stratégies alternatives pour limiter l’impact de ces maladies par 1) l’amélioration des connaissances sur la virulence, la résistance, et les interactions hôte- pathogène et 2) le développement des outils nécessaires aux écloseries pour initier la sélection pour des caractères d’intérêt commercial.
Cette thèse, en cotutelle entre l’Université de Padova et l’Université de Brest, et au sein du projet EU Horizon2020 VIVALDI, cherche à évaluer le potentiel de sélection pour l’amélioration de la résistance aux maladies chez la palourde japonaise, ainsi qu’à étudier les mécanismes fonctionnels associés à la résistance. Afin de pouvoir examiner les facteurs génétiques associés à la résistance, un nouvel outil génétique pour l’assignation de parenté a été développé et appliqué pour la première fois à des groupes de palourdes produits en écloserie et élevés dans des conditions commerciales. Cela a permis par la suite d’estimer les paramètres génétiques pour la résistance et pour des caractères morphologiques suite à des études de terrain de grande échelle, révélant un fort potentiel de sélection pour de multiples caractères chez cette espèce pour la première fois, et soulevant des questions sur l’importance de l’effet génotype- par-environnement pour les stratégies de sélection. De plus, les mécanismes moléculaires liés à la résistance ont été étudiés par une approche de protéomique, soulignant les métabolismes potentiellement impliqués dans la résistance à long-terme de palourdes juvéniles.
Dans l’ensemble, les travaux effectués lors de cette thèse soulignent la faisabilité d’une future sélection qui intégrerait à la fois des facteurs génétiques et des marqueurs moléculaires pour l’amélioration de la résistance aux maladies chez la palourde japonaise.