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Journal articles on the topic 'Manipulation of competition results'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Datta, Sudip, Mai Datta, and Vivek Singh. "Competition And Real Activities Manipulation." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 35, no. 1 (2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v35i1.10293.

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We enrich the research on income manipulation by establishing a link among companies’ price-setting control and the extent of real activities management. Examining three types of real activities management, the results reveal an interesting asymmetry in how companies employ income manipulation based on their pricing strength. We discover that companies with weaker price-setting clout employ larger manipulation of sales and production costs as a tool to manage income, while firms with more dominant pricing power prefer managing discretionary expenses.

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De Kogel, C. H. "Does Brood Size Manipulation Affect Later Competitive Behaviour of Offspring?" Behaviour 134, no. 3-4 (1997): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853997x00430.

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AbstractData from several field experiments support the existence of a trade-off between number and quality of offspring. However, long term effects of brood size on fitness related traits of offspring have been a relatively neglected area of research. In a laboratory experiment the effect of manipulated brood size on subsequent competitive ability of adult offspring was investigated. Zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata, were reared in small or large broods and young were exchanged in such a way that natural siblings from different rearing conditions could be compared. Competitive behaviour was

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Skorski, Sabrina, Oliver Faude, Chris R. Abbiss, Seraina Caviezel, Nina Wengert, and Tim Meyer. "Influence of Pacing Manipulation on Performance of Juniors in Simulated 400-m Swim Competition." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 9, no. 5 (2014): 817–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0469.

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Purpose:To date, there has been limited research examining the influence of pacing pattern (PP) on middle-distance swimming performance. As such, the purpose of the current study was to examine the influence of PP manipulation on 400-m freestyle swimming performance.Methods:15 front-crawl swimmers (5 female, 10 male; age 18 ± 2 y) performed 3 simulated 400-m swimming events. The initial trial was self-selected pacing (PPSS). The following 2 trials were performed in a counterbalanced order and required participants to complete the first 100 m more slowly (PPSLOW: 4.5% ± 2.2%) or quickly (PPFAST

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Schaumberg, Mia A., Lynne M. Emmerton, David G. Jenkins, Nicola W. Burton, Xanne A. K. Janse de Jonge, and Tina L. Skinner. "Use of Oral Contraceptives to Manipulate Menstruation in Young, Physically Active Women." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 13, no. 1 (2018): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0689.

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Purpose: Menstruation and menstrual symptoms are commonly cited barriers to physical activity in women. The delay or avoidance of menstruation through extended oral-contraceptive (OC) regimens may mitigate these barriers, yet information on menstrual-manipulation practices in young physically active women is sparse. The objective of this study was to investigate prevalence of, and reasons for, menstrual manipulation with OCs in recreationally and competitively active women. Methods: One hundred ninety-one recreationally active (self-reported moderate to vigorous physical activity 150–300 min/w

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Marjanović, Đorđe. "Criminal act of competition fixing with review on the Council of Europe Convention on the manipulation of sports results." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 57, no. 2 (2023): 517–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns57-44906.

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Fixing the outcome of sports competitions is one of the biggest threats to the integrity of sports. Sport as a social phenomenon has its own individual and social dimension. However, the degree of benefit for the individual and society can be neutralized by phenomena that threaten the integrity of sports competitions. The goal of this research is to provide an answer to the question of whether criminal law, as a branch of law characterized by the ultima ratio character, should respond to the appearance of fixing the outcome of sports competitions, as well as what type of outcome fixing should

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Tatler, Benjamin W., Yoriko Hirose, Sarah K. Finnegan, Riina Pievilainen, Clare Kirtley, and Alan Kennedy. "Priorities for selection and representation in natural tasks." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368, no. 1628 (2013): 20130066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0066.

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Selecting and remembering visual information is an active and competitive process. In natural environments, representations are tightly coupled to task. Objects that are task-relevant are remembered better due to a combination of increased selection for fixation and strategic control of encoding and/or retaining viewed information. However, it is not understood how physically manipulating objects when performing a natural task influences priorities for selection and memory. In this study, we compare priorities for selection and memory when actively engaged in a natural task with first-person o

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Mahareni Puspa Arum and Tuhana Tuhana. "Pengawasan Praktik Manipulasi Harga Dalam Perdagangan Digital Oleh Lembaga Persaingan Usaha Di Indonesia." Aliansi: Jurnal Hukum, Pendidikan dan Sosial Humaniora 1, no. 5 (2024): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.62383/aliansi.v1i5.379.

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The development of the modern economy, which is characterized by digital trade through various buying and selling platforms, is not free from monopolistic practices, especially price manipulation behaviour by business actors, which is detrimental to consumers and other business actors. This matter needs to receive attention from business competition institutions to maintain healthy business competition. This writing aims to determine the extent of the KPPU's role as a business competition institution in supervising price manipulation practices in digital trade. The research method used is norm

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Makar, Stephen D., Perviaz Alam, and Michael A. Pearson. "Antitrust Merger Investigations And The Quality Of Reported Earnings." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 14, no. 4 (2011): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v14i4.5655.

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<span>Antitrust merger policy under Section 7 of the Clayton Act prohibits acquisitions that substantially lessen competition or tend to create a monopoly. Previous studies, however, indicate that government regulators have not been effective in identifying anticompetitive behavior. This paper examines whether accounting information used in assessing the competitive impact of mergers is subject to manipulation by investigated firms. We examine both total accruals and current accruals for manipulation and consider the implications of such earnings management for the quality of reported ea

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Li, Ruiyang, and Fan Xu. "Competition between Sliding and Peeling of Graphene Nanoribbons under Horizontal Drag." Materials 15, no. 9 (2022): 3284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093284.

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In the process of graphene nanoribbons’ (GNRs) preparation and measurement, mechanical methods such as lifting and dragging are inevitably used to move GNRs, and manipulation of GNRs using these approaches results in intriguing responses such as peeling and sliding. Understanding the mechanical behaviors of GNRs is crucial for the effective use of mechanical deformation as a tool for the measurement and characteristics of low-dimensional material properties. Here, we explore intricate coupling behaviors of peeling and sliding of GNRs under horizontal drag. Using molecular dynamics simulation,

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Afanasev, Dmitrii A. "Analysis of Evidence in the CAS 2019/A/6636 BC Arsenal v. Russian Basketball Federation Case and Prediction of the Position of CAS in the Case." Theoretical and Applied Law, no. 2 (June 7, 2020): 80–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15422822.

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The subject of the article is the question of responsibility of persons for match-fixing activities. The issue of probable assessment of evidence in CAS 2019/A/6636 is being considered. Predicting the CAS position is based on established Arbitration practice. The parties positions are modeled based on information available in open sources. 

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Polivka, Karl M. "Resource matching across habitats is limited by competition at patch scales in an estuarine-opportunist fish." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 4 (2005): 913–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-235.

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I used field observations, assays, and experiments with the euryhaline cottid Cottus aleuticus to evaluate the extent to which average resource availability drives the large-scale distribution of these fish among upstream and estuarine habitats and how interspecific competition from a congener affects its performance in the estuary. Population densities of C. aleuticus were only consistent with resource densities across years during two of five study years, indicating a lack of resource matching at large temporal scales. On shorter temporal scales, fish growth rates that were two to three time

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Hung, Chia-Liang. "Building the Business Platform by Modularization Strategies: Cases of Taiwan Social Networking Vendors." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, no. 1 (2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8010013.

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Firms achieve their competitive advantage quickly through the concept framework of open innovation by integrating external inspiration with internal endowment when facing hyper-competition in the digital era. This paper deploys open innovation into building platform blocks by modular operators. These eight modular operators are splitting, augmenting, deleting, substituting, inversing, porting, configuring, and integrating. By means of case studies of two Taiwan Internet vendors, the results depict the manipulation strategies between eight modular operators to fit seven functional requirements

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Sanchez-Rabaza, Jacqueline, Jose Maria Rocha-Martinez, and Julio B. Clempner. "Characterizing Manipulation via Machiavellianism." Mathematics 11, no. 19 (2023): 4143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11194143.

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Machiavellianism refers to the propensity of taking advantage of people within a society. Machiavellians have reputations for being cunning and competitive. They are also skilled long-term strategists and planners. Other than their “victories,” there are no other successful conclusions for them. The belief component of Machiavellianism includes cynical views of human nature (e.g., manipulated and manipulating individuals), interpersonal exploitation as a technique (e.g., strategic thinking), and a lack of traditional morality that would forbid their behaviors (e.g., immoral behaviors). This pa

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Qi, Han, Kexin Zhang, and Xinyue Yang. "The Influence of family Control on R&D manipulation: An Empirical analysis of listed companies in China." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 12 (May 16, 2023): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v12i.8361.

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Innovation drives enterprises to carry out Research and development(R&D)activities, which leads to R&D manipulation. Reducing R&D manipulation is beneficial to improve the R&D performance of enterprises. Based on the data from 2008 to 2021, this paper studies the relationship between whether it is a family enterprise and the level of enterprise R&D manipulation, and finds that the level of R&D manipulation of family enterprise is lower. Family enterprises and non-family enterprises play an important role in the national economy. We should strengthen the supervision of t

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Kontek, Krzysztof, and Honorata Sosnowska. "Specific Tastes or Cliques of Jurors? How to Reduce the Level of Manipulation in Group Decisions?" Group Decision and Negotiation 29, no. 6 (2020): 1057–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10726-020-09694-y.

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Abstract We propose a modification of the standard Borda count which significantly reduces the level of manipulation demonstrated in experiments and observed in actual voting. The method may be applied in voting systems in which the Borda count is usually adopted, e.g. musical competitions, elections in educational institutions and professional and technical societies, sports awards, and even some political elections. We first analyze the actual voting results in the 2016 Henryk Wieniawski International Violin Competition. We show that some jurors are suspected of having exploited a weakness i

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Ursell, Tristan. "Structured environments foster competitor coexistence by manipulating interspecies interfaces." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 1 (2021): e1007762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007762.

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Natural environments, like soils or the mammalian gut, frequently contain microbial consortia competing within a niche, wherein many species contain genetically encoded mechanisms of interspecies competition. Recent computational work suggests that physical structures in the environment can stabilize local competition between species that would otherwise be subject to competitive exclusion under isotropic conditions. Here we employ Lotka-Volterra models to show that interfacial competition localizes to physical structures, stabilizing competitive ecological networks of many species, even with

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Ursell, Tristan. "Structured environments foster competitor coexistence by manipulating interspecies interfaces." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 1 (2021): e1007762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007762.

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Natural environments, like soils or the mammalian gut, frequently contain microbial consortia competing within a niche, wherein many species contain genetically encoded mechanisms of interspecies competition. Recent computational work suggests that physical structures in the environment can stabilize local competition between species that would otherwise be subject to competitive exclusion under isotropic conditions. Here we employ Lotka-Volterra models to show that interfacial competition localizes to physical structures, stabilizing competitive ecological networks of many species, even with

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Adriaense, J. E. C., V. Šlipogor, S. Hintze, L. Marshall, C. Lamm, and T. Bugnyar. "Watching others in a positive state does not induce optimism bias in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), but leads to behaviour indicative of competition." Animal Cognition 24, no. 5 (2021): 1039–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-021-01497-1.

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AbstractEmotional contagion is suggested to facilitate group life by enhancing synchronized responses to the environment. Cooperative breeders are an example of a social system that requires such intricate coordination between individuals. Therefore, we studied emotional contagion in common marmosets by means of a judgement bias test. Demonstrators were exposed to an emotion manipulation (i.e., positive, negative, control), and observers perceived only the demonstrator’s behaviour. We predicted that the positive or negative states of the demonstrator would induce matching states in the observe

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Chang, Hai-Yen, Li-Heng Liang, and Hui-Fun Yu. "Market power, competition and earnings management: accrual-based activities." Journal of Financial Economic Policy 11, no. 3 (2019): 368–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-08-2018-0108.

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Purpose This study aims to understand the impact of market power and competition on earnings management, particularly discretionary accruals, in the Chinese and Taiwanese tourism industries. China and Taiwan differ not only in their political and social systems but also in their economic systems. The research aims to provide managers and investors with stock selection strategy in the decision-making process. Design/methodology/approach Accounting data consisted of 60 publicly traded travel companies in China and Taiwan from 2000 to 2014. Methodology included correlation matrix for the variable

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Fatimatuz Zahro, Berliana Ananta Putri, and Mirza Nabila Putri. "Peran Hukum Dalam Kasus Suap Menyuap Yang Terjadi Di Keolahragaan Indonesia." Amandemen: Jurnal Ilmu pertahanan, Politik dan Hukum Indonesia 1, no. 2 (2024): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.62383/amandemen.v1i2.155.

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The practice of bribery and manipulation in the sports environment has become a serious problem that shakes the principles of integrity and fairness in the competitive arena. Starting from match-fixing scandals to acts of corruption in decision-making, this phenomenon not only disrupts match results, but also undermines public confidence in fairness in sport. It is important to recognize that sport is not just about physical competition on the field, but also about moral and ethical principles that must be upheld. Law has a crucial role in establishing the framework that regulates behavior in

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Komarova Loureiro, Yuliya, and Laura Gonzalez. "Competition against common sense." International Journal of Bank Marketing 33, no. 5 (2015): 605–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-06-2014-0065.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into peer-to-peer (P2P) lending which has served as one important tool to mitigate financial exclusion. The main proposition of this research is that P2P platforms, which in many ways resemble auctions, naturally instill competitive mindset among lenders; furthermore, given only limited objective decision criteria, certain borrower personal characteristics fuel interpersonal competition enough to impact lending decisions in suboptimal ways. The two experiments support this proposition. As the result, while P2P lending offers unpreceden

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Tischenko, T. V. "Instruments to stimulate competition in public procurement: international practice." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 1 (March 18, 2025): 173–82. https://doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2025-1-173-183.

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This article considers the tools used in foreign practice to increase competition and remove restrictions on participation of companies in public procurement. Open competition means that all qualified companies have the right to participate in the public procurement on the basis of fair consideration of their bids and selection of the winner, and the right to appeal. The results of the study have identified the tools that ensure competitiveness of the procurement in foreign practices, are used in the formation of regulatory and legal framework of the contractual system, in bidding, at the stag

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Howlader, MHK, SK Bain, MM Hasan, ABMMM Khan, and S. Biswas. "Source-sink manipulation on yield contributing characters and yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)." Progressive Agriculture 29, no. 1 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v29i1.37475.

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Source-sink manipulation may improve light interception into the canopy and reduce the competition between vegetative and reproductive sinks during seed filling period, and may help in achieving higher yield. So, an effort was made to assess the effect of source-sink manipulation on yield contributing characters and yield of sesame. The experiment was laid out in two factors randomized complete block design consisted of two varieties of sesame viz.Binatil-3 and Local-Black and five levels of source-sink manipulation viz.control (M0), removal of lower empty leaves, lower empty branches and top

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BELIKOVA, KSENIA. "TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL MECHANISMS FOR PROTECTING THE COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF NETWORK ECONOMY: THE PLACE OF BLOCKCHAIN IN THE REGULATORY SYSTEM AND NEW COMPETITIVE TOOLS (AGGREGATORS AND PRICE ALGORITHMS)." Sociopolitical sciences 10, no. 5 (2020): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2020-10-5-76-88.

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This article is aimed at understanding the current state and necessity of transformation of traditional mechanisms for protecting the competitive environment under the influence of networking and the place of blockchain in the regulatory system in the context of applying new competitive tools (aggregators price algorithms) based on the experience of foreign countries, including the perspective and approaches of newest law enforcement (judicial) practice, taking into account the fact that its knowledge allowed and allows to successfully solve current problems of legal regulation in our country.

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Dwi Natalia Martama Hutabarat, Martono Anggusti, and Jinner Sidauruk. "The Urgency of Law Enforcement Regarding The Existence of Subsidiaries as a Form of Avoidance of Laws Prohibiting Monopoly Practices and Unfair Business Competition." Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities 5, no. 3 (2025): 1398–406. https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v5i3.1314.

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This research analyzes the legal position of subsidiaries in the context of Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition. The main focus of the research is to identify legal loopholes in subsidiary regulations that can be exploited for monopolistic practices and unfair business competition, as well as formulating legal remedies to address them. The research uses a normative juridical method with a case study approach to Lion Group Airlines. The results show that the regulation of group companies, which is still based on the 2007 Comp

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Utami, Septiana Putri. "Harmonization of traditional market competition arrangement with modern." Indonesian Journal of Islamic Economics Research 1, no. 2 (2019): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/ijier.v1i2.3174.

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This study aims to determine the regulation of traditional market competition arrangements with modern stores in Sukoharjo district; implementing regulations related to the traditional market competition arrangements with modern stores in Sukoharjo district; creating harmonization of traditional market arrangements with modern stores in Sukoharjo district. This study used a method of sociological jurudical approach with the study population of 26 traditional markets in Sukoharjo district. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling using 3 traditional markets with sub-populations adjac

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Hollis, Brian, Mareike Koppik, Kristina U. Wensing, et al. "Sexual conflict drives male manipulation of female postmating responses inDrosophila melanogaster." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 17 (2019): 8437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1821386116.

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In many animals, females respond to mating with changes in physiology and behavior that are triggered by molecules transferred by males during mating. InDrosophila melanogaster, proteins in the seminal fluid are responsible for important female postmating responses, including temporal changes in egg production, elevated feeding rates and activity levels, reduced sexual receptivity, and activation of the immune system. It is unclear to what extent these changes are mutually beneficial to females and males or instead represent male manipulation. Here we use an experimental evolution approach in

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Okumura, Shu, Benediktus Nixon Hapsianto, Nicolas Lobato-Dauzier, et al. "Morphological Manipulation of DNA Gel Microbeads with Biomolecular Stimuli." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (2021): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020293.

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Hydrogels are essential in many fields ranging from tissue engineering and drug delivery to food sciences or cosmetics. Hydrogels that respond to specific biomolecular stimuli such as DNA, mRNA, miRNA and small molecules are highly desirable from the perspective of medical applications, however interfacing classical hydrogels with nucleic acids is still challenging. Here were demonstrate the generation of microbeads of DNA hydrogels with droplet microfluidic, and their morphological actuation with DNA strands. Using strand displacement and the specificity of DNA base pairing, we selectively di

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Majeed, Muhammad Ansar, and Xian-zhi Zhang. "Competitive pressure and managerial decisions." Chinese Management Studies 10, no. 3 (2016): 559–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-12-2015-0285.

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Purpose This study aims to examine the impact of product market competition (PMC) from existing rivals and potential market entrants on earnings quality (EQ) in China. Design/methodology/approach This study examines the impact of PMC on EQ by using the EQ measure of Kothari et al. (2005), and it uses measures for competition from existing and potential rivals. This study analyzed Chinese firms for the period of 2000-2014 and also examined the impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption and state ownership on the relationship between PMC and EQ. Findings This study fou

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Freilich, Jerry. "Factors Influencing Movements of Pteronarcys Nymphs in Pacific Creek, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 12 (January 1, 1988): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1988.2709.

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Controversy continues over the relative importance of resource limitation and intraspecific competition in stream ecosystems (Grossman et al 1982, Hart 1983). The chief trouble is separating density independent effects (e.g., Knight and Gaufin 1963) from effects that are density-dependent (i.e., biological) (Peckarsky 1979). Movements of marked individuals can reveal fine detail about intraspecific coupetition or effects of environmental heterogeneity. My research uses individually marked stoneflies (Pteronarcys californica) to study movement patterns. Pteronarcys was chosen because it is larg

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Dziembowski, Stefan, Shahriar Ebrahimi, and Parisa Hassanizadeh. "VIMz: Private Proofs of Image Manipulation using Folding-based zkSNARKs." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2025, no. 2 (2025): 344–62. https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0065.

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Ensuring the authenticity and credibility of daily media on internet is an ongoing problem. Meanwhile, genuinely captured images often require refinements before publication. Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) offer a solution by verifying edited image without disclosing the original source. However, ZKPs typically come with high costs, particularly in terms of prover complexity and proof size. This paper presents VIMz, a framework for efficiently proving the authenticity of high-resolution images using folding-based zkSNARKs; a type of proving system that minimizes computational overhead by recursi

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Davey, Andrew JH, George F. Turner, Stephen J. Hawkins, and C. Patrick Doncaster. "Mechanisms of density dependence in stream fish: exploitation competition for food reduces growth of adult European bullheads (Cottus gobio)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, no. 3 (2006): 597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-246.

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In field experiments using cage enclosures, exploitation competition for invertebrate prey reduced individual growth of adult European bullheads (Cottus gobio) despite a dietary shift that maintained total prey biomass consumption. Growth of bullheads was negatively density dependent over a range of densities found in the field and total biomass production per enclosure was unrelated to stocking density. Individuals grew faster when invertebrate densities were experimentally elevated above ambient levels, indicating that bullheads were food limited. Parallel dietary shifts in response to manip

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Fernández-Echeverría, Carmen, Ana Ramos, Isabel Mesquita, and María Perla Moreno Arroyo. "How competitive performance data can inform the training process? An action-research study based on the constraint-led approach." Kinesiology 55, no. 2 (2023): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26582/k.55.2.17.

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By implementing an insider action-research (AR) design throughout a competitive volleyball season, this study sought to examine qualitatively how competitive data, extracted from match analysis, may support the development of a coaching intervention based on the principles of the constraint-led approach. Twelve elite players, one head coach and one assistant coach participated in two AR cycles, each one involving the processes of planning, monitoring, reflecting, and fact-finding. The first author, who was also the assistant coach and the insider-researcher, collected data over 20 weeks using

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Tian, Guimei, Linchun Jin, Devshri Doshi, et al. "TAMI-27. METABOLIC MANIPULATION OF T CELLS TO TREAT BRAIN TUMORS." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_6 (2021): vi203—vi204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab196.811.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma are a challenge for neuro-oncologists and current therapies are minimally effective. Standard-of- care treatment is almost inevitably followed by disease recurrence. Adoptive T cell transfer has emerged as a viable therapeutic for brain malignancies. While promising, the efficacy of this approach is often limited by a complex immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. These complexities mean that more sophisticated T cell products are required. OBJECTIVES The brain tumor microenvironment provides local restraints via metabolic competition suppressing antitumor

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Garza, Deborah L., and Deborah L. Feltz. "Effects of Selected Mental Practice on Performance, Self-Efficacy, and Competition Confidence of Figure Skaters." Sport Psychologist 12, no. 1 (1998): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.12.1.1.

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This study examined the effectiveness of mental practice techniques for improving figure skating performance, self-efficacy, and self-confidence for competition. Two interventions, paper freestyle drawing (PFD) and walk through on floor (WTF), were compared to a stretching control group. Participants (n = 27), ages 10 to 18 years, were members of the United States Figure Skating Association and were randomly assigned to one of the three groups. The study included procedural reliability checks such as pre- and post-manipulation checks; structured seminars; and homework workbooks. Results indica

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Lang, T., and M. Toussaint. "Planning with Noisy Probabilistic Relational Rules." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 39 (September 20, 2010): 1–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.3093.

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Noisy probabilistic relational rules are a promising world model representation for several reasons. They are compact and generalize over world instantiations. They are usually interpretable and they can be learned effectively from the action experiences in complex worlds. We investigate reasoning with such rules in grounded relational domains. Our algorithms exploit the compactness of rules for efficient and flexible decision-theoretic planning. As a first approach, we combine these rules with the Upper Confidence Bounds applied to Trees (UCT) algorithm based on look-ahead trees. Our second a

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Hou, Lan, Tao Jia, Xiangbing Wang, and Tongkui Yu. "Coordinating Manipulation in Real-time Interactive Mechanism of College Admission: Agent-Based Simulations." Complexity 2020 (October 5, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8015979.

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The matching in college admission is a typical example of applying algorithms in cyberspace to improve the efficiency of the corresponding process in physical space. This paper studies the real-time interactive mechanism (RIM) recently adopted in Inner Mongolia of China, where students can immediately observe the provisional admission results for their applications and are allowed to modify the application before the deadline. Since the universities accept the applications according to the ranking of the scores, RIM is believed to make the competition more transparent. However, students may co

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Martignoni, Maria M., Miranda M. Hart, Rebecca C. Tyson, and Jimmy Garnier. "Diversity within mutualist guilds promotes coexistence and reduces the risk of invasion from an alien mutualist." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1923 (2020): 20192312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2312.

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Biodiversity is an important component of healthy ecosystems, and thus understanding the mechanisms behind species coexistence is critical in ecology and conservation biology. In particular, few studies have focused on the dynamics resulting from the co-occurrence of mutualistic and competitive interactions within a group of species. Here we build a mathematical model to study the dynamics of a guild of competitors who are also engaged in mutualistic interactions with a common partner. We show that coexistence as well as competitive exclusion can occur depending on the competition strength and

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Li, Jie, Yong Zhuo Li, Run Qiang Lu, et al. "Design of Pneumatic Transmission System Base on FSC Car of South China University of Technology." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.358.

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The FSC racing pneumatic transmission system of South China University of Technology realize shift semi-automatic, drivers can be more convenient and completed shift operation in a shorter period of time,so as to improve the results of the competition. According to the preset program driving shift cylinderand clutch cylinder ,compressed carbon dioxide under the manipulation of electronic control unit complete whole transmission process. This paper detailed discusses actuator and electronic control unit design process, at the same time on debugging problems arising from the car, put forward the

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Topîrceanu, Alexandru. "Competition-Based Benchmarking of Influence Ranking Methods in Social Networks." Complexity 2018 (August 16, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4562609.

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The development of new methods to identify influential spreaders in complex networks has been a significant challenge in network science over the last decade. Practical significance spans from graph theory to interdisciplinary fields like biology, sociology, economics, and marketing. Despite rich literature in this direction, we find small notable effort to consistently compare and rank existing centralities considering both the topology and the opinion diffusion model, as well as considering the context of simultaneous spreading. To this end, our study introduces a new benchmarking framework

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Ikeda, Atsutoshi, and Katsuya Mori. "Basic Analysis for Evaluation of Tennis Volley Skill Using Body Propagated Vibration Sensing." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 36, no. 5 (2024): 1235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2024.p1235.

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In sports that use tools, it is necessary to master tool manipulation with a high degree of accuracy because proficiency in tool manipulation leads to victory or defeat in a competition. The purpose of this study was to clarify the force transfer of the body, including the racket, from the perspective of vibration analysis to realize training to efficiently improve tennis skills. In this study, we measured the propagating vibration, surface electromyography of finger flexors and extensors, and racket movement under two conditions of strong- and weak-volleying in tennis and aimed to explain the

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Giron, David, Jeffrey A. Harvey, Jena Anne Johnson, and Michael R. Strand. "Male soldier caste larvae are non-aggressive in the polyembryonic wasp Copidosoma floridanum." Biology Letters 3, no. 4 (2007): 431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2007.0199.

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Polyembryonic wasps are the only parasitoids in which sociality has evolved. Theory implicates both competition and sex ratio manipulation in the evolution of a sterile soldier caste. However, investment in soldiers by males and females is predicted to differ depending upon how offspring are allocated to hosts and the mating system. Here, we compared male and female soldiers in the polyembryonic wasp Copidosoma floridanum . We found that male and female soldiers are morphologically identical. Unlike females, however, male soldiers were non-aggressive towards all competitors. We discuss these r

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Grove, J. Robert. "Competitive Behaviour as a Function of Attributional Manipulation." Behaviour Change 3, no. 2 (1986): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900009220.

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Attributions are typically examined as dependent variables in sport-related research. As a result, the behavioural consequences of competitive attributions have been largely ignored. This paper summarizes four experiments that have attempted to manipulate attributions for competitive outcomes and assess the behavioural consequences of this manipulation. The results of these experiments are generally consistent with findings from noncompetitive settings and suggest that effort attributions may benefit competitive performance. Discussion focuses on the unrealised potential for using effort-orien

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Camacho, Adriana, and Emily Conover. "Manipulation of Social Program Eligibility." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 3, no. 2 (2011): 41–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.3.2.41.

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We document how manipulation of a targeting system for social welfare programs evolves over time. First, there was strategic behavior of some local politicians in the timing of the household interviews around local elections. Then, there was corrupt behavior with the sudden emergence of a sharp discontinuity in the score density, exactly at the eligibility threshold, which coincided with the release of the score algorithm to local officials. The discontinuity at the threshold is larger where mayoral elections are more competitive. While cultural forces are surely relevant for corruption, our r

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Hart, Simon P., Martin M. Turcotte, and Jonathan M. Levine. "Effects of rapid evolution on species coexistence." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 6 (2019): 2112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1816298116.

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Increasing evidence for rapid evolution suggests that the maintenance of species diversity in ecological communities may be influenced by more than purely ecological processes. Classic theory shows that interspecific competition may select for traits that increase niche differentiation, weakening competition and thus promoting species coexistence. While empirical work has demonstrated trait evolution in response to competition, if and how evolution affects the dynamics of the competing species—the key step for completing the required eco-evolutionary feedback—has been difficult to resolve. Her

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Lymbery, Samuel J., Joseph L. Tomkins, and Leigh W. Simmons. "Male responses to sperm competition when rivals vary in number and familiarity." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1895 (2019): 20182589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2589.

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Males of many species adjust their reproductive investment to the number of rivals present simultaneously. However, few studies have investigated whether males sum previous encounters with rivals, and the total level of competition has never been explicitly separated from social familiarity. Social familiarity can be an important component of kin recognition and has been suggested as a cue that males use to avoid harming females when competing with relatives. Previous work has succeeded in independently manipulating social familiarity and relatedness among rivals, but experimental manipulation

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Duecker, Felix, Teresa Schuhmann, Nina Bien, Christianne Jacobs, and Alexander T. Sack. "Moving Beyond Attentional Biases: Shifting the Interhemispheric Balance between Left and Right Posterior Parietal Cortex Modulates Attentional Control Processes." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 29, no. 7 (2017): 1267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01119.

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The concept of interhemispheric competition has been very influential in attention research, and the occurrence of biased attention due to an imbalance in posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is well documented. In this context, the vast majority of studies have assessed attentional performance with tasks that did not include an explicit experimental manipulation of attention, and, as a consequence, it remains largely unknown how these findings relate to core attentional constructs such as endogenous and exogenous control and spatial orienting and reorienting. We here addressed this open question b

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Zaksaite, Salomeja. "Manipulation of sports competitions in the Lithuanian football: empirical research." Kriminologijos studijos 11 (June 14, 2024): 99–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/crimlithuan.2023.11.4.

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This article deals with the topic of manipulation of sports competitions. It discusses the results of a unique empirical research, which gathered data from experts with a wealth of first-hand knowledge. Due to the specificity of such a study, the vast majority of the data is anonymised and/or pseudonymised. Nevertheless, the research is as natural as possible, especially due to the the sensitivity of the topic and jargon. The study revealed that manipulation is a serious problem in Lithuanian football, although the peak of this phenomenon is probably in the past. The research revealed intrigui

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Ibrahim, Ibrahim, Dwi Haryadi, and Novendra Hidayat. "The manipulation of identity politics in Indonesian electoral democracy today: Between regulations and practices." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 8, no. 7 (2024): 4211. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i7.4211.

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Electoral contestation in recent Indonesian election periods is faced with the challenge of polarization linked to identity politics, where initially assigned identity is leveraged as tools for political competition. This is a qualitative research, using interviews, observations, and direct group discussion methods to collect data from five different regions in Indonesia. The research focused on the presence of governing regulations and how they develop in complex dynamics. The results showed that identity politics was prevalent in all regions due to mobilization through identity manipulation

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Bown, Oliver, and Geraint Wiggins. "From maladaptation to competition to cooperation in the evolution of musical behaviour." Musicae Scientiae 13, no. 2_suppl (2009): 387–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1029864909013002171.

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We propose a model of how a maladaptive and competitive system of musical interaction, based on a notion of enchantment, can evolve towards a cooperative system. This model supports our position that social competitive models comprise an important domain of theoretical investigation in the evolution of musical behaviour, and that this area deserves more attention. The model is based on the biocultural theory of Boyd and Richerson (1985), which provides a basis for runaway cultural evolutionary processes, and we argue that our model offers an alternative runaway process to the sexual selection

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