Academic literature on the topic 'Mann-Kendall analysis'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mann-Kendall analysis"
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Suryanto, Joko, and Joko Krisbiyantoro. "Trend Analysis of Rainfall Data in Magelang District Using Mann-Kendall Test and Modification Mann-Kendall Variation." AGRIFOR 17, no. 2 (October 11, 2018): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.31293/af.v17i2.3616.
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The objective of the research was to analyzed rainfall trends from 6 rainfall stations Kajoran, Mendut, Muntilan, Ngablak, Salaman and Tempuran rainfall station in different time scales (monthly, 3-months periodicityand annual). Identification homogenity of the rainfall data period 1986-2016 for Magelang district using Rescaled Adjusted Partial Sums (RAPS) methode. The three non-parametric tests, Mann-Kendall (MK), modified Mann-Kendall (MMK), trend free prewhitening Mann-Kendall (TFPW-MK) and Sen’s slope wereemployed to assess significance of trends and detecting magnitude of trends.The results shows that monthly rainfall have no significant trend using MK, MMK, and TFPW-MK test at 0.05 level significance. Rainfall 3-month based January-February-March (JFM) period Kajoran station have negative significant trend with magnitude 19.4 mm/3-month. Mendut station have positive trend for April-May-June (AMJ) period with magnitude 6.75 mm/3-month. No significant trends at 0.05 level significance using MK trend test were detected in annual rainfall for 6 rainfall stations.
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Cabral Júnior, Jório Bezerra, and Rebecca Luna Lucena. "ANALYSIS OF PRECIPITATIONS BY NON-PARAMETRIC TESTS OF MANN-KENDALL AND KRUSKAL-WALLIS." Mercator 19, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4215/rm2020.e19001.
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Hu, Maochuan, Takahiro Sayama, Sophal TRY, Kaoru Takara, and Kenji Tanaka. "Trend Analysis of Hydroclimatic Variables in the Kamo River Basin, Japan." Water 11, no. 9 (August 27, 2019): 1782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11091782.
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Understanding long-term trends in hydrological and climatic variables is of high significance for sustainable water resource management. This study focuses on the annual and seasonal trends in precipitation, temperature, potential evapotranspiration, and river discharge over the Kamo River basin from the hydrological years 1962 to 2017. Homogeneity was examined by Levene’s test. The Mann–Kendall and a modified Mann–Kendall test as well as Sen’s slope estimator were used to analyze significant trends (p < 0.05) in a time series with and without serial correlation and their magnitudes. The results indicate that potential evapotranspiration calculated by the Penman–Monteith equation was highly related to temperature, and significantly increased in the annual and summer series. Annual river discharge significantly decreased by 0.09 m3/s. No significant trend was found at the seasonal scale. Annual, autumn, and winter precipitation at Kumogahata station significantly increased, while no significant trend was found at Kyoto station. Precipitation was least affected by the modified Mann–Kendall test. Other variables were relatively highly autocorrelated. The modified Mann–Kendall test with a full autocorrelation structure improved the accuracy of trend analysis. Furthermore, this study provides information for decision makers to take proactive measures for sustainable water management.
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Kamal, Neel, and Sanjay Pachauri. "Mann-Kendall Test - A Novel Approach for Statistical Trend Analysis." International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology 63, no. 1 (September 25, 2018): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22312803/ijctt-v63p104.
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Yun, Jung-hye, Syewoon Hwang, Dong-Hyeon Kim, and Sang-Min Kim. "Trend Analysis of Monthly Water Quality Data in Nakdong River Based on Seasonal Mann-Kendall Test." Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers 57, no. 6 (November 30, 2015): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5389/ksae.2015.57.6.153.
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Long, Xun Jian, Chun Min Zhang, Tao Hong Yang, and Yu Lin Huang. "Analysis of Meteorological Elements Variations of Chongqing over the Past 60 Years." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 2016–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.2016.
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The power of a test is the probability that it cannot reject a null hypothesis when it is true. With interchangeably of non-parametric Mann-Kendall test, practical application is used in meteorological elements analysis. In this study, trend detection of meteorological elements data of Shapingba district in Chongqing, during 1951 to 2011, was estimated by non-parametric Mann-Kendall test. The analyzed elements are composed by mean precipitation, annual sunshine hours, annual humidity, annual mean temperature and annual mean wind speed. And the results show that inter-annual variations of precipitation and mean annual relative humidity are not significant. However, inter-annual variation of sunshine duration is significantly reduced, while inter-annual temperature and wind speed are significantly increased. At the same time, the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test also detects the trend on seasonal data. It is different from the annual data, and trends in different seasons show markedly different.
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Alifujiang, Yilinuer, Jilili Abuduwaili, Balati Maihemuti, Bilal Emin, and Michael Groll. "Innovative Trend Analysis of Precipitation in the Lake Issyk-Kul Basin, Kyrgyzstan." Atmosphere 11, no. 4 (March 29, 2020): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040332.
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The analysis of various characteristics and trends of precipitation is an essential task to improve the utilization of water resources. Lake Issyk-Kul basin is an upper alpine catchment, which is more susceptible to the effects of climate variability, and identifying rainfall variations has vital importance for water resource planning and management in the lake basin. The well-known approaches linear regression, Şen’s slope, Spearman’s rho, and Mann-Kendall trend tests are applied frequently to try to identify trend variations, especially in rainfall, in most literature around the world. Recently, a newly developed method of Şen-innovative trend analysis (ITA) provides some advantages of visual-graphical illustrations and the identification of trends, which is one of the main focuses in this article. This study obtained the monthly precipitation data (between 1951 and 2012) from three meteorological stations (Balykchy, Cholpon-Ata, and Kyzyl-Suu) surrounding the Lake Issyk-Kul, and investigated the trends of precipitation variability by applying the ITA method. For comparison purposes, the traditional Mann–Kendall trend test also used the same time series. The main results of this study include the following. (1) According to the Mann-Kendall trend test, the precipitation of all months at the Balykchy station showed a positive trend (except in January (Zc = −0.784) and July (Zc = 0.079)). At the Cholpon-Ata and Kyzyl-Suu stations, monthly precipitation (with the same month of multiple years averaged) indicated a decreasing trend in January, June, August, and November. At the monthly scale, significant increasing trends (Zc > Z0.10 = 1.645) were detected in February and October for three stations. (2) The ITA method indicated that the rising trends were seen in 16 out of 36 months at the three stations, while six months showed decreasing patterns for “high” monthly precipitation. According to the “low” monthly precipitations, 14 months had an increasing trend, and four months showed a decreasing trend. Through the application of the ITA method (January, March, and August at Balykchy; December at Cholpon-Ata; and July and December at Kyzyl-Suu), there were some significant increasing trends, but the Mann-Kendall test found no significant trends. The significant trend occupies 19.4% in the Mann-Kendall test and 36.1% in the ITA method, which indicates that the ITA method displays more positive significant trends than Mann–Kendall Zc. (3) Compared with the classical Mann-Kendall trend results, the ITA method has some advantages. This approach allows more detailed interpretations about trend detection, which has benefits for identifying hidden variation trends of precipitation and the graphical illustration of the trend variability of extreme events, such as “high” and “low” values of monthly precipitation. In contrast, these cannot be discovered by applying traditional methods.
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Chowdhury, Asma, Hoang Lan Vu, Kelvin T. W. Ng, Amy Richter, and Nathan Bruce. "An investigation on Ontario’s non-hazardous municipal solid waste diversion using trend analysis." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 44, no. 11 (November 2017): 861–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2017-0168.
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Non-hazardous waste disposal and diversion trends in Ontario from 1996 to 2010 were identified using parametric and non-parametric statistical methods, and the temporal variability of its waste diversion practices were examined. Ontario’s diversion was sensitive to waste diversion policy and residential diversion programs. Total waste diversion increased by 85% in 14 years. Results suggested that waste minimization may be more effective than recycling on Ontario diversion rates. Programs targeting non-residential sectors are recommended, specifically for smaller businesses with limited waste management budgets. Linear regression and Mann-Kendall tests detected significant increasing trends for residential waste diversion. In contrast, non-residential diversion had a decreasing trend using linear regression. A significant upward trend (S = +10) was found for Ontario’s total waste diversion using Mann-Kendall tests. Highly significant upward trends were observed for plastic and organic recycling. Mann-Kendall tests were found more appropriate for waste trend analysis in the present study.
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NISHIOKA, Masaaki, and Kaoru TAKARA. "A trend analysis of hydrological time series by Mann-Kendall test." JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY OF HYDROLOGY & WATER RESOURCES 17, no. 4 (2004): 343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3178/jjshwr.17.343.
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Connor, John A., Shahla K. Farhat, and Mindy Vanderford. "GSI Mann-Kendall Toolkit for Quantitative Analysis of Plume Concentration Trends." Groundwater 52, no. 6 (September 30, 2014): 819–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12277.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Mann-Kendall analysis"
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Ferrari, Antonio Luiz. "Variabilidade e tendência da temperatura e pluviosidade nos municípios de Pirassununga, Rio Claro, São Carlos e São Simão (SP): estudo sobre mudança climática de curto prazo em escala local." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-23112012-133929/.
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O objetivo desta pesquisa é estudar a variabilidade e tendência dos elementos climáticos pluviosidade e temperatura, em quatro localidades do estado de São Paulo - Pirassununga, Rio Claro, São Carlos e São Simão -, que constituem parte da área de treinamento de voo da Academia da Força Aérea, para confirmar a hipótese de que essas alterações indicam indícios de mudanças climáticas de curto prazo, em escala local e que essas mudanças poderão afetar, no futuro, o planejamento das missões de treinamento de voo na AFA. Para isso foram utilizados, primeiramente, os dados mensais e anuais de temperatura e pluviosidade de uma série temporal de 34 anos (1976 a 2009) e, depois, de uma série mais curta, de 16 anos (1994 a 2009). Para a análise das condições climáticas de São Carlos, Rio Claro e São Simão foram utilizados os dados mensais e anuais de temperatura e pluviosidade de uma série temporal de 16 anos (1994 a 2009). Para efeito da análise estatística da variabilidade climática da temperatura e pluviosidade dentro da série temporal escolhida, foram aplicados os cálculos da média aritmética, do desvio padrão, do coeficiente de variação e da amplitude térmica. Para a análise da tendência, aplicou-se a técnica da regressão linear e os testes estatísticos não-paramétricos, conhecidos como testes de Mann-Kendall e Curvatura de Sen. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que a variabilidade mensal e anual da pluviosidade para as quatro localidade é semelhante e bem acentuada e que não existem tendências significativas para essa variável nas quatro localidades. Para as temperaturas em Pirassununga, a temperatura média apresentou grande variabilidade mensal. Para Rio Claro, São Carlos e São Simão a variabilidade anual das temperaturas foi baixa, próxima da estabilidade, com exceção da temperatura mínima, que apresentou grande variabilidade para as três localidades. Quanto à tendência para Pirassununga, apenas a temperatura média apresentou tendência decrescente e significativa. Os resultados obtidos para as temperaturas de Rio Claro, São Carlos e São Simão indicam tendências crescentes e/ou decrescentes, mas todas insignificantes.The aim of this research is to study the variability and tendency in climatic elements, rainfall and temperature in four cities in the state of São Paulo: Pirassununga, Rio Claro, São Carlos and São Simão which are part of the flight training area of the Air Force Academy, in order to confirm the hypothesis that those alterations indicate signs of climatic variations in the short term, according to the local parameters and that those variations may change the schedule of the flight training missions at AFA. Monthly and annual data regarding to temperature and rainfall, recorded during a period of 34 years (1976-2009) were firstly considered during the study, followed by a shorter period of 16 years (1994-2009). In order to analyze the climatic conditions in São Carlos, Rio Claro and São Simão, monthly and annual data about temperature and rainfall collected during a period of 16 years (1994-2009) were considered. For purposes of statistical analysis of the climatic variability of temperature and rainfall within the chosen period of time, calculation of the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and temperature range were applied. In order to analyze such tendency, the linear regression model and non-parametric statistical tests, known as Mann-Kendall and Sen Curvature were applied. The results of the research showed that the monthly and annual variability of the rainfall in the four cities is similar and well marked and that there are not significant tendencies in that variable in the four cities. Relating to temperature in Pirassununga, the average temperature showed large monthly variability. In Rio Claro, São Carlos and São Simão, the annual temperature variability was low, tending to be stable, except for the minimum temperature which showed a large variability. Concerning to Pirassununga, just the average temperature tended to be decreasing and significant. The results obtained for the temperatures in Rio Claro, São Carlos and São Simão tended to be increasing and/or decreasing, but such tendencies were irrelevant.
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Brito, Neto Romildo Toscano de. "Avaliação da disponibilidade de água em aquíferos por meio de análises espaço-temporais." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2012. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5531.
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Previous issue date: 2012-12-21Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Increasing groundwater extraction for domestic, agricultural, and industrial supply frequently makes exploitation exceed the natural recharge rate. This results in decreasing volumes, deteriorating water quality, and soil degradation. The goal of this study is to assess water availability in the Texas State (USA) portion of the Ogallala aquifer, where extraction has reached levels that are above the recharge values. Fifty three years of water level data from wells between 1960 and 2012 were used. Fifty three surfaces each were created using both (kriging and spline techniques) of spatial interpolation, and cross-validation methods (leaveone- out, and holdout) were used to compare the predicted water level surfaces with the well data. The predictions were similar and the results were satisfactory, however we found spline technique simpler, and easier for automatic processing of multiple surfaces, and we recommend it. However, kriging technique presents higher accuracy. After processing the water level surfaces; the saturated thickness and volume (pixel by pixel), for the whole time series were estimated. This allowed temporal analysis to be performed from the results. A set of 492 water level variation time series (to analyze trends using the Mann-Kendall test) were selected and grouped by cluster analysis (using both hierarchical and k-means methods). From the temporal analyses, the spatial distribution of the results was verified, and it was observed that the clusters most likely to decrease converge with the critical areas identified. Furthermore, the influence of agricultural activities on water level variance was established, showing a strong relationship between the two. Finally, the results showed that over 53 years, the total water volume had been reduced by 33.9%. A full 74.39% of the time series analyzed also showed a decreasing trend in water levels, and it was observed that the saturated thickness is gradually being reduced as well
O crescimento da exploração de águas subterrâneas para suprir demandas de abastecimento, agricultura e indústria faz com que a extração frequentemente exceda a recarga natural, resultando num declínio de seu volume, deterioração do solo e qualidade da água. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é avaliar a disponibilidade de água na porção do aquífero Ogallala contido no Estado do Texas (EUA), onde a explotação tem alcançado níveis acima dos valores de recarga. Para isto, inicialmente, foram utilizados dados de nível da água de poços com uma série de 53 anos (1960 a 2012), criando-se 53 superfícies por cada método de interpolação espacial (krigagem e spline). Em seguida, foi realizada uma comparação entre as técnicas de interpolação pelos métodos leave-one-out e holdout de validação cruzada, além de verificar as diferenças nas estimativas do volume total do aquífero. Os dois métodos de interpolação produziram resultados semelhantes e desempenhos satisfatórios; entretanto, recomenda-se o spline para processar múltiplas superfícies de nível da água de modo automatizado e a krigagem para quando se demandar maior acurácia dos resultados. De posse das superfícies de nível da água, foi estimada a camada saturada do aquífero e o volume pixel a pixel, para toda a série histórica, o que permitiu a partir dos resultados espaciais, realizar análises temporais. Em paralelo, foi selecionado um conjunto de 492 séries temporais de variação do nível da água para se analisar tendências (teste de Mann-Kendall) e agrupá-las por meio de análise de cluster (método hierárquico e k-means). A partir destas análises temporais, foi verificada a distribuição espacial dos resultados, constatando que o grupo de clusters com a maior tendência de decrescimento converge com áreas críticas identificadas. Além disso, foi verificada a influência de áreas cultivadas na variação do nível da água, mostrando que existe uma forte relação entre os dois fenômenos. Por fim, os resultados mostram que houve uma redução de 33,9% do volume total em 53 anos, 74,39% das séries analisadas indicaram tendência decrescente e observou-se que o nível da camada saturada vem reduzindo gradativamente
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Oliveira, Priscilla Teles de. "Estudo estat?stico sobre eventos de precipita??o intensa no nordeste do Brasil." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13105.
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Previous issue date: 2014-04-16Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The Northeast of Brazil (NEB) shows high climate variability, ranging from semiarid regions to a rainy regions. According to the latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the NEB is highly susceptible to climate change, and also heavy rainfall events (HRE). However, few climatology studies about these episodes were performed, thus the objective main research is to compute the climatology and trend of the episodes number and the daily rainfall rate associated with HRE in the NEB and its climatologically homogeneous sub regions; relate them to the weak rainfall events and normal rainfall events. The daily rainfall data of the hydrometeorological network managed by the Ag?ncia Nacional de ?guas, from 1972 to 2002. For selection of rainfall events used the technique of quantiles and the trend was identified using the Mann-Kendall test. The sub regions were obtained by cluster analysis, using as similarity measure the Euclidean distance and Ward agglomerative hierarchical method. The results show that the seasonality of the NEB is being intensified, i.e., the dry season is becoming drier and wet season getting wet. The El Ni?o and La Ni?a influence more on the amount of events regarding the intensity, but the sub-regions this influence is less noticeable. Using daily data reanalysis ERAInterim fields of anomalies of the composites of meteorological variables were calculated for the coast of the NEB, to characterize the synoptic environment. The Upper-level cyclonic vortex and the South atlantic convergene zone were identified as the main weather systems responsible for training of EPI on the coastland
O Nordeste do Brasil (NEB) apresenta alta variabilidade no clima, abrangendo desde regi?es semi-?ridas at? regi?es com alto ?ndice pluviom?trico. Segundo o ?ltimo relat?rio do Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, o NEB ? uma regi?o altamente suscept?vel ?s mudan?as clim?ticas, al?m de ser uma regi?o sujeita ? ocorr?ncia de eventos de precipita??o intensa (EPI); contudo, ainda existem poucos estudos sobre a climatologia destes epis?dios na regi?o. Neste sentido, o objetivo principal da pesquisa ? determinar a climatologia e tend?ncia dos EPI sobre o NEB e suas sub-regi?es climatologicamente homog?neas, comparando seu comportamento com a climatologia e tend?ncia dos eventos de precipita??o fraca e dos eventos de precipita??o normal. Para tanto, foram utilizados os dados di?rios de precipita??o da rede hidrometeorol?gica gerenciada pela Ag?ncia Nacional de ?guas, para o per?odo de 1972 a 2002. Por interm?dio da t?cnica dos quantis foram definidos os eventos de precipita??o e sua confian?a estat?stica foi analisada atrav?s do teste de Mann Kendall. As sub-regi?es foram obtidas por meio da an?lise de cluster, utilizando como medida de similaridade a dist?ncia euclidiana e o m?todo hier?rquico aglomerativo de Ward. Os resultados mostraram que a sazonalidade do NEB est? sendo intensificada, ou seja, a esta??o seca est? se tornando mais seca e esta??o chuvosa ficando mais chuvosa. Os fen?menos El Ni?o e La Ni?a influenciam mais em rela??o ? quantidade de eventos do que em rela??o ? intensidade, mas nas sub-regi?es esta influ?ncia ? menos percept?vel. Utilizando dados di?rios das rean?lises do ERA-Interim, campos das anomalias dos compostos de vari?veis meteorol?gicas foram calculados para o litoral do NEB, para caracteriza??o do ambiente sin?tico. Foram identificados os V?rtices Cicl?nicos de Altos N?veis e a Zona de Converg?ncia do Atl?ntico Sul como os principais sistemas meteorol?gicos respons?veis pela forma??o dos EPI no litoral
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Stärner, Nathalie. "Mass balance analysis of phosphorous in Motala Ström River Basin : A focus on lake Roxen and Glan." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-81971.
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Phosphorous (P) has been found to be the limiting nutrient in freshwater systems, directly affecting rates of planktonic growth. The P circulation is very complex, and its pathways through lake systems are difficult to determine. Motala Ström is the biggest watercourse in the south-east of Sweden and an important source of P to the Baltic Sea. The aim of this study is to conduct a P mass balance analysis of the lakes Roxen and Glan over a period of time. The analysis will also include a quality control of the concentrations data. The P concentration data used in this investigation were collected from the Motala Ström River Association, consisting of seasonal or monthly concentration data of Tot-P during the period 1960-2010. Daily water flow data used in this study were modelled by the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) using the S-HYPE model. P concentration deviations from monthly averages at each sampling station were calculated, followed by a seasonal Mann Kendall trend analysis. At five out of eight sampling stations, negative trends were detected, indicating decreasing concentrations. The exception was the outflow from lake Glan, Stångån and Finspångsån. Linear interpolation of P concentration data was performed to create daily data for the period 1980-2010. Following interpolation, daily transport values were calculated and summed up to annual values. Lake Roxen has acted as a source of P during the whole period 1980-2010, except for one year. Lake Glan has acted as a source during 22 of the 31 years. There is a tendency of Glan to become more of a source over the years, which is in line with the deviation observations, but variation between years makes it necessary to analyse also future data in order to establish any possible trend in P transports. Before construction of wastewater treatment plants, the lakes were certainly sinks of phosphorus. But at least for Roxen, the switch from sink to source was completed before 1980.
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Järvstråt, Lotta. "Analys av flyttmönster i Norrköpings kommun." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-68997.
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The objective of this Bachelor thesis is to analyze moving patterns in Norrköping’s municipality. The main aim is to analyze the migration to, from, and within the municipality of Norrköping, not only for the population as a whole but also for groups of special interest. Another aim is to compare migration patterns in Norrköping with those of other municipalities in Sweden.Several data sets have been used, each of them extracted from population statistics carried out by Statistics Sweden (SCB).Data mining using association analysis is used for finding the migration pattern within Norrköping’s municipality and several questions are examined using descriptive statistics. Mann-Kendall tests are used to determine interesting trends in the population changes.The results show that pre-school children do not remain longer in the city centre than they did previously; people moving to Norrköping from within Sweden move mostly to the city centre, though immigrants from abroad mainly favour Hageby and Åby tätort. Furthermore, the results show that people generally move to areas that are geographically similar to where they were or have been before. There is a decrease in migration of people with a Humanities or Arts background, as there is for those with a pedagogy and teacher training background. Areas with a decrease in migration are the suburbs as well as built-up areas at the fringe of the municipality. Norrköping has both lower immigration and emigration than other comparable Swedish municipalities.Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats är att analysera flyttmönster i Norrköpings kommun. Målet är att analysera både flyttningar till, från, och inom Norrköpings kommun för dels hela populationen och dels speciellt intressanta grupper. Ett annat mål är att jämföra flyttmönster i Norrköping med några andra kommuner i Sverige.För att kunna genomföra dessa analyser har flera datamaterial använts. Gemensamt för datamaterialen är att de allihop baseras på Statistiska Centralbyråns (SCB:s) befolkningsstatistik.För att hitta mönster för hur människor flyttar inom Norrköpings kommun används associationsanalys. Med hjälp av deskriptiv analys undersöks olika särskilt intressanta områden av omflyttningarna i kommunen. Vidare används Mann-Kendalltester för att se om det finns några särskilt intressanta trender i befolkningsutvecklingen.Resultatet visar att ingen förändring har skett när det gäller ifall barn i förskoleåldern bor kvar i stadskärnan i större utsträckning än tidigare. Inflyttare från Sverige flyttar i stor utsträckning till stadskärnan, medan Hageby och Åby tätort är vanliga att flytta till om man flyttar från utlandet. Vidare visar resultatet att människor oftast flyttar till geografiskt nära områden samt områden som har ungefär samma bostadsform som det man tidigare bott i. Flyttningsnettot är negativt för de med utbildning inom Humaniora och konst samt Pedagogik och lärarutbildning. De områden som har negativ befolkningsutveckling ligger i utkanten av centralorten eller är tätorter i utkanten av kommunen. Norrköpings kommun har lägre inflyttning och utflyttning än de flesta andra jämförbara kommuner.
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Raimundo, Clebson do Carmo. "Análise da probabilidade de ocorrência de extremos de precipitação e estudo da tendência de classes de precipitação na região metropolitana de São Paulo." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/889.
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Extreme rainfall events are responsible for social disorder and economic problems, especially in large urban centers. Densely populated areas suffer from flooding , landslide and building destruction that cause deaths and wide-spread diseases, such as malaria, dengue and leptospirosis. They are recurrent phenomena that wear down the life of the urban population, particularly the least privileged ones. The focal area of this work was the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP), Brazil, one of the largest cities in the world. Rainfall daily totals of 21 rain gage network in the MRSP were analyzed to i) estimate the annual maximum daily rainfall (PMDA), by means of the Gumbel distribution; II) group different rainfall rates into classes (from drizzle to extreme rates) and verify the similarity between seasons (clustering), that is annual and seasonal rain rates, for the period 1947 to 1998, making use of the technique known as Cluster Analysis, and III) identify possible trends of three rain rate classes (drizzle, moderate and above 30.0 mm / day) for the annual and seasonal periods, for the whole dataset length of each gage, using the Mann-Kendall trend test. The results showed that the maximum daily rainfall observed data fit the Gumbel distribution in the annual period, with the estimated annual daily maximum rain rate equal to 239.3 mm / day with a return period of 500 years in Barrocada gage, located in MRSP north-central region. Cluster analysis showed little similarity amongst gages, with respect to some rain rate classes, both in the number of events and the classes rain totals, in the annual and seasonal periods. The Mann-Kendall test showed significant increasing trend of the cumulative totals for a larger number of gages for both annual and seasonal periods. The trend of the number of drizzle events class was significantly upward for most gages, again both in the annual and seasonal periods, but not all gages presented increasing trend for the moderate events class. Also, significant increasing trend of the rain rate classes above 30.0 mm / day was found at some gages in the year period. In general, there was significant upward trend of rain rate classes in the MRSP.Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas
Eventos extremos de chuva são responsáveis por distúrbios sociais e problemas econômicos, principalmente nos grandes centros urbanos. Áreas densamente povoadas sofrem deslizamentos, inundações e destruição de construções, que causam mortes e doenças em larga escala, tais como malária, dengue e leptospirose. Eles são fenômenos recorrentes que desgastam a vida da população urbana, principalmente aos menos privilegiados. A área de foco deste trabalho foi a Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), Brasil, uma das maiores cidades do mundo. Foi analisada uma rede de 21 estações, na RMSP, com totais diários de precipitação para: i) estimar a precipitação máxima diária anual (PMDA), por meio da distribuição de Gumbel, ii) grupos com diferentes taxas de precipitação dentro das classes (de chuvisco a precipitação extrema), e, verificar a similaridade entre as estações (clustering), para taxas de precipitação anual e sazonal, para o período de 1947 a 1998, fazendo uso da técnica conhecida como análise de cluster, e III) identificar possíveis tendências nas três classes de taxa de precipitação (chuvisco, moderado e acima de 30mm/dia) para os períodos anuais e sazonais, para o comprimento total de cada estação, utilizando o teste de tendência de Mann-Kendall. Os resultados mostraram que os dados observados de precipitação máxima diária se ajustam à distribuição de Gumbel no período anual, com taxa anual estimada de precipitação máxima diária igual a 239,3 mm/dia com período de retorno de 500 anos na estação Barrocada, localizada na região centro-norte da RMSP. A análise de agrupamento mostrou pouca similaridade entre as estações, com relação a algumas taxas de classes de precipitação, tanto em número de eventos das classes de precipitação total, nos períodos anuais como sazonais. O teste de Mann-Kendall apresentou tendência de aumento significativo dos totais acumulados em um maior número de estações para ambos os períodos, anuais e sazonais. A tendência do número de eventos de classe chuvisco, foi significativamente alta para a maioria das estações, novamente tanto em períodos anuais como sazonais, mas nem todas as estações apresentaram tendência de aumento para a classe de eventos moderados. Além disso, a tendência de aumento significativo das classes de taxa de precipitação acima de 30 mm/dia foi encontrada em algumas estações no período anual. Em geral, houve tendência de aumento significativo das taxas de classes de precipitação na RMSP.
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Rizzo, Rodnei. "Effects of climate change and land use change on the water balance components of the Xingu river basin, southeastern Amazon." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-21012019-144713/.
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In the southern of the Amazon basin, extensive deforestation associated with global climate change have impacted the regional water cycle. Predictions indicate that future alteration might cause even higher pressure over regional water resources. The goal of this study was to perform a detailed evaluation of past changes in the water resources of the upper Xingu basin, a region which is broadly representative of southern Amazon. The evaluation consisted of characterizing alterations in medium and long-term time series of rainfall, river discharge, evapotranspiration and total water storage change. The study employed not only in situ measurements, but also remotely sensed data. Remote sensing products including rainfall, evapotranspiration and water storage change were employed in the evaluation of the regional water balance. A thirteen years\' time series derived from RS products was submitted to a trend analysis, to detect significant variations in the water balance. Furthermore, uncertainties in each remote sensing product were retrieved, mostly comparing in situ measurements with RS estimates. To describe limitations of such products to evaluate the regional water balance, river discharge was calculated as the residual of the water balance. Later on, the estimated river discharge was compared to in situ measurements and uncertainties in the water balance were defined. The analysis of long-term alterations considered in situ measurements of rainfall and river discharge, from the period of 1976-2015. In this case, a group of hydro-climatological indicators was derived and then submitted to Mann-Kendall and Petit test. Due to the relevance of forest cover on river flow regulation, land use changes (LUC) were mapped every five years from 1985 to 2015. LUC results were then compared to the hydro-climatological data, to identify similarities in changing patterns. The evaluation of water balance components based on remote sensing products described fairly well the spatial variability in the study site. The uncertainties in P, ET and TWSC products corresponded to 41, 25 and 18 mm month-1, respectively. Due to these uncertainties, it was not possible to perform the water balance closure based on RS data. No significant changes were observed in the time series derived from these products. Contrastingly, the evaluation of a 40-years\' time series presented a decrease of 245 mm in rainfall, with intensity and number of rainy events being reduced. This phenomenon is most likely resultant from two process, the reduction in water recycling due to deforestation, as well as the Pacific Ocean decadal oscillation, which influences the large-scale atmospheric circulation. Although deforestation tends to increase river discharge, the reduction in rainfall in the Upper Xingu Basin was high enough to mask this effect.O desmatamento em larga escala na região sul da bacia amazônica brasileira, associado às mudanças climáticas globais, tem impactado o ciclo hidrológico regional. Previsões futuras indicam uma pressão ainda maior sobre os recursos hídricos regionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma avaliação detalhada das possíveis alterações nos recursos hídricos da bacia do Alto Xingu, uma região extremamente representativa do sul da Amazônia. Para tanto, foram empregadas séries temporais de longa e média duração, correspondentes à precipitação (P), vazão (Q), evapotranspiração (ET) e variação do armazenamento de água (TWSC). O estudo empregou medições in situ, bem como dados de sensoriamento remoto (SR). As estimativas de sensoriamento remoto foram empregadas na avaliação do balanço hídrico regional. As séries temporais de treze anos derivadas de produtos de SR foram submetidas a uma análise de tendência, com o objetivo de detectar variações significativas nos componentes do balanço hídrico. Além disso, as incertezas em cada produto foram obtidas comparando-se medições in situ com as estimativas de SR. Com o objetivo de descrever as limitações de tais produtos para a realização do balanço hídrico regional, a vazão do rio Xingu foi estimada com base na fórmula do balanço hídrico. Posteriormente, tal estimativa foi comparada com as medições in situ, gerando um indicativo da incerteza no fechamento do balanço hídrico. Já a análise das alterações a longo prazo considerou as medidas in situ da precipitação e vazão, no período de 1976-2015. Neste caso, um grupo de indicadores hidro-climatológicos foi calculado e posteriormente submetido aos testes de Mann-Kendall e Pettit. Devido à relevância das florestas na regulação da vazão dos rios, as mudanças no uso e ocupação da terra foram mapeadas a cada cinco anos, durante 1985-2015. Os resultados foram comparados aos dados hidro-climatológicos, buscando assim semelhanças nos padrões de alteração. Os produtos de sensoriamento remoto descreveram razoavelmente bem a variabilidade espacial dos componentes do balanço hídrico. As incertezas nas estimativas de P, ET e TWSC corresponderam a 41, 25 e 18 mm mês-1. Devido a incertezas nos produtos de SR, não foi possível realizar o fechamento do balanço hídrico. Com relação as séries temporais derivadas dos dados de SR, nenhuma mudança significativa foi observada. Por outro lado, a avaliação das séries temporais de longa duração, apresentaram diminuição de 245 mm na precipitação, com as chuvas tendo intensidade e número de eventos reduzidos. Este fenômeno é provavelmente resultante de dois processos, sendo um deles a redução na ciclagem da água devido ao desmatamento. O segundo corresponde a oscilação decadal na temperatura da superfície do Oceano Pacífico, a qual influencia a circulação atmosférica em grande escala. Embora o desmatamento cause aumento na vazão do rio, a redução da precipitação na Bacia do Alto Xingu foi suficientemente alta para mascarar esse efeito. Os dados aqui apresentados não só apresentam um diagnóstico sobre os recursos hidrícos do Alto Xingu, como também são extremamente relevantes para a compreensão da interação entre a paisagem e os componentes do balanço hídrico.
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Kharel, Usha. "Analysis of Stream Runoff Trends in the Blue Ridge and Piedmont of Southeastern United States." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/geosciences_theses/15.
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The purpose of the study was to examine the temporal trends of three monthly variables: stream runoff, rainfall and air temperature and to find out if any correlation exists between rainfall and stream runoff in the Blue Ridge and Piedmont provinces of the southeast United States. Trend significance was determined using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test on a monthly and annual basis. GIS analysis was used to find and integrate the urban and non-urban stream gauging, rainfall and temperature stations in the study area. The Mann-Kendall test showed a statistically insignificant temporal trend for all three variables. The correlation of 0.4 was observed for runoff and rainfall, which showed that these two parameters are moderately correlated.
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Swindasz, Jaime Alison. "Land-use & Water Quality in the Headwaters of the Alafia River Watershed." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6035.
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The objective of this study is to investigate land-use changes and water quality trends within the headwaters of the Alafia River watershed. Water quality data were obtained from the Environmental Protection Commission of Hillsborough County (EPCHC). Eleven water quality parameters selected for analysis included: temperature (˚C), dissolved oxygen (DO), percent saturation of DO, conductivity, pH, total phosphorous (TP), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium, chlorophyll-a (uncorrected), fecal coliforms, and enterococci. ArcMap® & SWFWMD data were used to map EPCHC sampling stations, calculate contributing watershed size, and determine land-use changes over the course of the sampling period; 17 stations were chosen for this study. The annual average for each of the water quality parameters was calculated along with a Mann-Kendall Trend Analysis in order to determine if any of the observed trends were statistically significant. A non-parametric Kendall’s tau-b correlation and stepwise multiple linear regression tests were conducted in SPSS to determine if any statistically significant relationships between water quality data, land-use and basin size exist.
The land-use results showed every basin consisted of some percentage of Low Density Residential, Cropland & Pastureland, Reservoirs, and Streams & Lake Swamps. In addition, no basin comprised of more than 20% wetlands and often it appears urbanization was at the sacrifice of agricultural lands, as opposed to wetlands. The trends in water quality showed eight of the 17 basins had at least one statistically significant trend. Analysis of the data used for this study has shown instances where water quality measurements were in violation of state standards. Changes in water quality can be statistically related to changes in land-use and basin size as both the correlation and the regression showed consistent relationships between several LULC types and water quality parameters: increases in Commercial & Services causes increased nutrients (TP and TN); Cropland & Pastureland causes decreased DO and DO% Saturation; increases in Tree Crops causes a decrease in pH; increasing Other Open Lands Rural causes a decrease in temperature; and increases in Shrub & Brushland cause decreases in conductivity and pH. As these relationships are based on the results from both analyses, it would seem that these relationships are the most reliable, and are key results of the study. These key relationships might be areas that future water resource managers may want to focus on in order to more efficiently improve or regulate water quality within headwater streams.
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Pinto, Diogo Miguel da Silva de Sousa. "Análise global de tendências em contagens de fogos noturnos ativos (1996 - 2012)." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6876.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Florestal e dos Recursos Naturais - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThis thesis aimed to perform a trend analysis of the global distribution of vegetation fires for the period from June 1996 to March 2012. We used the product from the World Fires Atlas (WFA) from the European Space Agency (ESA), obtained with the Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) sensor onboard the Second European Remote Sensing Satallite (ERS – 2), under which a filtering process was applied, following the same method of Mota et al. (2006). We conducted a comparative analysis between the initial data and the clean data and there was a percentage of false alarmes and fires that were not vegetation fires of 28%. The errors obtained were due primarily to hot surfaces and gas flares. With the data obtained, we conducted a trend analysis by performing the Mann-Kendall test in the program IDRISI Selva. The mapping created by the test, was studied to identity the presence of positive or negative trends. After a close visual study of the mapping and after the analysis of the temporal profiles of places of interest, we concluded that there is no relevant trend present globally, both positive or negative.
Book chapters on the topic "Mann-Kendall analysis"
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Zhang, Y., P. Cabilio, and K. Nadeem. "Improved Seasonal Mann–Kendall Tests for Trend Analysis in Water Resources Time Series." In Advances in Time Series Methods and Applications, 215–29. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6568-7_10.
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Yanming, Zhang, Wen Jun, and Wang Xinhua. "Study on the Change Trend of Precipitation and Temperature in Kunming City Based on Mann-Kendall Analysis." In Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, 505–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25538-0_71.
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Alberto Sabattini, Julian, and Rafael Alberto Sabattini. "Rainfall Trends in Humid Temperate Climate in South America: Possible Effects in Ecosystems of Espinal Ecoregion." In Global Warming and Climate Change [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99080.
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In central Argentina, the annual rainfall regime shows increasing since the 2nd half of the 20th century. The aim of this work was to evaluate the long-term changes in the intensity of rainfall in the central-north region of Entre Ríos between 1945 and 2019, based only on daily precipitation records aggregated at yearly, monthly and seasonal levels. We used monthly rainfall data for the period 1945–2019 from 6 localities in Province of Entre Rios, Argentina. The change detection analysis has been conceded using Pettitt’s test, von Neumann ratio test, Buishand’s range test and standard normal homogeneity (SNH) test, while non-parametric tests including linear regression, Mann-Kendall and Spearman rho tests have been applied for trend analysis. Like the regional results, this study observed a sustained increase in monthly rainfall to the breaking point in the 1970s, but then the annual rate of increase was even higher. The average annual rainfall in the region prior to that date was 946 mm, while after the same 1150 mm, equivalent to 21.5% higher than the 1945–1977 average and 8.5% higher according to the historical average 1945–2019.
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Rangeti, Innocent, and Bloodless (Rimuka) Dzwairo. "uMngeni Basin Water Quality Trend Analysis for River Health and Treatability Fitness." In River Basin Management - Sustainability Issues and Planning Strategies. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94844.
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One of the main challenges facing the potable water production industry is deterioration of the quality of raw water. Drinking water that does not meet quality standards is unfit for consumption. Yet, this quality is a function of various factors, key among them being quality of the raw water from which it is processed. This is because costs related to potable water treatment are related to the nature of raw water pollutants and the degree of pollution. Additionally, survival of aquatic species depends on self-purification of the water bodies through attenuation of pollutants, therefore, if this process is not efficient it might result in dwindling of the aquatic life. Hence, this chapter presents spatial and temporal water quality trends along uMngeni Basin, a critical raw water source for KwaZulu-Natal Province, in South Africa. As at 2014 the basin served about 3.8 million people with potable water. Results from this study are discussed in relation to uMngeni River’s health status and fitness for production of potable water treatment. Time-series and box plots of 11 water quality variables that were monitored at six stations over a period of eight years (2005 to 2012), were drawn and analysed. The Mann Kendall Trend Test and the Sen’s Slope Estimator were employed to test and quantify the magnitude of the quality trends, respectively. Findings showed that raw water (untreated) along uMngeni River was unfit for drinking purposes mainly because of high levels of Escherichia coli. However, the observed monthly average dissolved oxygen of 7 mg/L, that was observed on all stations, suggests that the raw water still met acceptable guidelines for freshwater ecosystems. It was noted that algae and turbidity levels peaked during the wet season (November to April), and these values directly relate to chlorine and polymer dosages during potable water treatment.
Conference papers on the topic "Mann-Kendall analysis"
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KAYA, Yunus Ziya, Fatih ÜNEŞ, Mustafa DEMIRCI, and Hakan VARÇİN. "Investigation of Precipitation Trend in Regional Scale Based on the Statistical Approach." In Air and Water – Components of the Environment 2021 Conference Proceedings. Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/awc2021_18.
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In recent years, hydrological trend analysis had become very popular due to global warming and climate change issues. Knowledge of the trend changes of hydrological series helps designers, engineers, and plan makers about future projections of all water related problems such as irrigation systems, water distribution systems, etc. Statistical approaches are historically very crucial for determining the trend. In this study, authors focused on determining total precipitation trend change monthly, seasonally, and annually on a regional scale. Non-parametric Mann Kendall test, Spearman’s Rho test, and Sen's Slope test are used for the determination of the precipitation trend. Additionally, the total annual precipitation trend is investigated with the linear regression trend analysis method. Detailed results of each method are shared separately.
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Amar, Haddad, Beldjazia Amina, Kadi Zahia, Redjaimia Lilia, and Rached-Kanouni Malika. "THE NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX AS AN INDICATOR OF DYNAMICS." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/27.
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Mediterranean ecosystems are considered particularly sensitive to climate change. Any change in climatic factors affects the structure and functioning of these ecosystems and has an influence on plant productivity. The main objective of this work is to characterize one of the Mediterranean ecosystems; the Chettaba forest massif (located in the North-East of Algeria) from a vegetation point of view and their link with monthly variations using Landsat 8 satellite images from five different dates (June 25, 2017, July 27, 2017, August 28, 2017, October 15, 2017). The comparison of NDVI values in Aleppo pine trees was performed using analysis of variance and the use of Friedman's non-parametric test. The Mann-Kendall statistical method was applied to the monthly distribution of NDVI values to detect any trends in the data over the study period. The statistical results of NDVI of Aleppo pine trees indicate that the maximum value is recorded in the month of June, while the lowest values are observed in the month of August where the species studied is exposed to periods of thermal stress.
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Ledvinka, Ondrej, and Pavel Coufal. "DEVELOPMENT OF STREAMFLOW DROUGHT INDICES IN THE MORAVA RIVER BASIN." In XXVII Conference of the Danubian Countries on Hydrological Forecasting and Hydrological Bases of Water Management. Nika-Tsentr, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/uhmi.conference.01.14.
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The territory of Czechia currently suffers from a long-lasting drought period which has been a subject of many studies, including the hydrological ones. Previous works indicated that the basin of the Morava River, a left-hand tributary of the Danube, is very prone to the occurrence of dry spells. It also applies to the development of various hydrological time series that often show decreases in the amount of available water. The purpose of this contribution is to extend the results of studies performed earlier and, using the most updated daily time series of discharge, to look at the situation of the so-called streamflow drought within the basin. 46 water-gauging stations representing the rivers of diverse catchment size were selected where no or a very weak anthropogenic influences are expected and the stability and sensitivity of profiles allow for the proper measurement of low flows. The selected series had to cover the most current period 1981-2018 but they could be much longer, which was considered beneficial for the next determination of the development direction. Various series of drought indices were derived from the original discharge series. Specifically, 7-, 15- and 30-day low flows together with deficit volumes and their durations were tested for trends using the modifications of the Mann– Kendall test that account for short-term and long-term persistence. In order to better reflect the drivers of streamflow drought, the indices were considered for summer and winter seasons separately as well. The places with the situation critical to the future water resources management were highlighted where substantial changes in river regime occur probably due to climate factors. Finally, the current drought episode that started in 2014 was put into a wider context, making use of the information obtained by the analyses.