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1
Delbeke, Maarten. "Mannerism and meaning inComplexity and Contradiction in Architecture." Journal of Architecture 15, no. 3 (June 2010): 267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2010.486562.
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Costanzo, Denise. "Text, lies and architecture: Colin Rowe, Robert Venturi and Mannerism." Journal of Architecture 18, no. 4 (August 2013): 455–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2013.816202.
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Macarthur, John, and Andrew Leach. "Mannerism, Baroque, Modern, Avant-garde Introduction." Journal of Architecture 15, no. 3 (June 2010): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2010.486560.
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Vonešová, Veronika, Oldřich Vacek, and Jan Vaněk. "Restoration of a Rudolfine Mannerist historical castle garden." Horticultural Science 45, No. 2 (June 4, 2018): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/77/2017-hortsci.
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This paper discusses plant assortments in historical Mannerist gardens and their use during the restoration of such a historical garden. Mannerist gardens were founded in the territory of Bohemia at the time of Emperor Rudolf II. The model garden for the purposes of this paper is the castle garden in Brandýs nad Labem. There are no reliable historical resources which could specify the plant assortment cultivated in this garden at the time of its creation. However, the period of Rudolfine Mannerism is defined by known determinative elements of garden architecture as well as certain cultivated plant species. For this reason, it was possible to compile a list of elements which must conform to the individual forms of greenery (solitary, hedges, alleys, climbers, containers) and their spatial arrangement (point, line, shape) typical for Renaissance and Mannerist composition. The list was created with respect for the current cultural and climatic conditions by evaluating the current utilisation of the garden.
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Christ Dass, Laura, Rajani Chandra Mohan, Geetha Subramaniam, and M. Selvam M. "Mannerisms of Millennials: Why are they different?" Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 7, no. 21 (September 30, 2022): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i21.3698.
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Differences in attitudes and mannerisms of the millennials and the older generation could result in intergenerational conflicts. This study aims to determine the definitions of good mannerisms as perceived by the two different generations and to identify the factors that contribute to the mannerisms and characteristics of the millennials. Using a non-experimental design, a questionnaire was distributed to 400 respondents. The responses by the millennials differed in some aspects from the older generation. Nevertheless, both groups agreed that the lack of a good upbringing and social media influences were the primary reasons for the lack of good mannerisms among millennials. Keywords: Millennials, Mannerism, Values, Characteristics eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i21.3698
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De Meyer, Dirk. "Mannerism, modernity and the modernist architect, 1920–1950." Journal of Architecture 15, no. 3 (June 2010): 243–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2010.486565.
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Peña, Gabriel, and Carmela Cucuzzella. "Ecomannerism." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 27, 2021): 1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031307.
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Mannerism was the bridge between late Renaissance and the Baroque between 1520 and the 1600s. This movement was characterized by the destabilization of compositional elements through repetition and expressiveness, regardless of their function. This phase in history echoes a trend in contemporary architecture based on the repetition of functionless elements that constitute a ‘green aesthetic’ in detriment of sustainable systems. Ecomannerism is a conceptual vehicle to identify and evaluate iconic contemporary projects that are positioned between ecologies of practice and ecologies of symbols, which are directly related to the sustainable performance of the built environment.
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Kadijević, Aleksandar. "The house of Marko Stojanović (1885): The first independent work of architect Konstantin Jovanović in Belgrade." Nasledje, no. 21 (2020): 9–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/nasledje2021009k.
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The first independent work of the Viennese architect Konstantin A. Jovanović (1849-1923) in Belgrade, the house of solicitor Marko Stojanović at 53-55 Knez Mihailova Street, built in 1885, signifies the Europeanising surge of the secular architecture in the Kingdom of Serbia, which conclusively suppressed the Oriental architectural practices. Jovanović's father Anastas helped him develop friendship alongside the business relationship with the patron of the house. This allowed Jovanović to construct a notable privately-owned building in the city thoroughfare, thus recommending himself to the favour of wealthy investors. Often linked in historiography to Jovanović's cult of the Italian Renaissance, Stojanović's house also contains elements of Mannerism and Baroque, harmoniously combined into an eclectic whole. Adapted to the Belgrade setting as a two-storey structure built at the top of the Sava River Slope, the house is a direct interpolation of the Viennese eclectic experiences.
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Mojsilović, Mila, Jelena Mitrović, and Vladimir Milenković. "Geometrical breakthrough in contemporary architectural design: Meta-materiality and fragmentation." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 12, no. 3 (2020): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj2001036m.
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The study relates two historical categories that were not previously associated in this manner. One concerns the role of geometry in the transformation of space in the Gothic architecture, where geometric line made the position of physical forces visible for the first time. The second transformation that sees the release of anxiety in challenging the perspective was done in Mannerism by instrumentalisation of the metaphor using visual means of deformation and figuration. Today we experience both historical moments in a modified form of appearance, still trying to give a formal character to the matter of materiality. As it is not possible, this approach has resulted in fragmentation in the absence of a unitary radical critique of modernity. Fragmentation and metamateriality of contemporary architecture today represent a possible conceptualisation of space invoking all known forms of dematerialisation and disappearance of the world, including digitisation. Referring once again to the myths of the Tower of Babel, the Fall of Icarus, and the Wizard of Oz, in this experiment myth and discourse persist together, turning into the other and finding themselves in the other. Building architectural position between the extremes of the metamaterial and the fragmentary is a matter of breaking geometry of form and the idea of it..
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Dernie, David. "The use and meaning of materials in the garden of the Villa d'Este at Tivoli." Architectural Research Quarterly 2, no. 3 (1997): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135500001433.
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Regardless of theoretical approach, architectural ideas are ultimately embodied in materials. While contemporary buildings are often brimming with architectural theories, they frequently flounder at the attempt to translate these ideas into materials. The uncertainty of this contemporary architectural climate is powerfully mirrored in the artistic language of mannerism. Rejecting the tenets of the Renaissance, and inspired by new discoveries, the italian architect of the late sixteenth century sought to reformulate architectural language. Founded on an increasingly encyclopaedic knowledge of the antique world, this language was to represent a new understanding of nature and involved an exploration of natural materials in a way unimaginable in the early Renaissance. This paper describes the garden of the Villa d'Este at Tivoli, a masterpiece from this period where materials themselves resonated with significance. Based on the author's iconographic interpretation of the garden, it draws on original eyewitness descriptions of the effects of water, light and sounds.
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Eckert, Claudia, Martin Stacey, and Christopher Earl. "Formality in design communication." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 27, no. 2 (April 18, 2013): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060413000073.
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AbstractHow designers communicate within design teams, and with users, suppliers, and customers, differs in formality both between industries and between different situations within one project. This paper identifies three layers of structure in design communication, each of which can be more or less formal: the design process, the interaction between participants, and the representations of design information that are constructed and used. These layers can be formal across a spectrum from explicit rules to habitual conventions. The paper draws on a range of contrasting case studies in mechanical engineering and knitwear design, as well as a larger corpus of cases comparing design domains more generally, to analyze how formality affects design interaction in different situations and process contexts. Mismatches in the understanding of formality can lead to misunderstandings, in particular across expertise boundaries and between designers and their clients or customers. Formality can be modulated in the mannerism of communication, the rhetoric employed, and how representations are constructed, to make communication more effective. The effort and skill put into modulating formality is greater in domains where designers work with end users, like architecture, than it is in companies where designers interact mainly with other professionals.
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Belamarić, Josip. "Institute of Epidemiology and Bacteriology on Zeleni Brijeg, Zagreb by Architect Vasily Mikhailovich Androsov." Prostor 31, no. 1(65) (June 29, 2023): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31522/p.31.1(65).2.
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The complex of medical institutions of the 1920s on Zeleni brijeg (Green Hill) in Zagreb was built as a kind of a stronghold of the pioneering programme of new institutional forms of primary health care, as conceived by Andrija Štampar and his associates. The Institute of Epidemiology, which was originally supposed to be built according to Drago Ibler›s project (1922), but it was later rejected. The construction of the Institute began in the autumn of 1924, according to the plans by Vasily Mikhailovich Androsov, one of the Russian architects employed in the Architectural Department of the Ministry of Construction in Belgrade, probably after a closed competition, hastened by the threat that substantial funds allocated by the Ministry of Public Health, the Hygiene Section of the League of Nations, and above all the Rockefeller Foundation, would be lost. An Androsov design also replaced another avant-garde design of Croatian and Yugoslav modernism: due to direct intervention by King Alexander Karađorđević, Androsov’s design for the Palace of the Main Post Office in Belgrade, in the spirit of academic mannerism, was chosen and built instead of Josip Pičman’s design that had taken the first prize in the relevant competition. Hence the title of this article, which draws attention to the creator of a block of buildings of medical institutions, the interesting history of which can now be discussed on the basis of more information.
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Mako, Vladimir. "Characters of Ancient Architectural Orders and their Mannerist Interpretation in Dietterlin’s Book from 1598." ATHENS JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE 7, no. 2 (March 2, 2021): 227–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/aja.7-2-1.
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The aim of this paper is to explore a particular metaphorical pictorial language used by German mannerist painter Wendel Dietterlin in his book on architecture at the end of the sixteenth century. It was formed through personal imaginary interpretation of the Vitruvian notion regarding personal characters of the five ancient architectural Orders. In that context it has all aspects of the mannerist approach in inventing metaphorical meanings by combining ancient, mediaeval, and contemporary narratives. However, in that process Dietterlin unavoidably refers to cultural and social aspects of his time, particularly when reflecting on the issue of the invention of the ‘new [German] architecture’. By this, Dietterlin enters the group of the majority of German sixteenth and seventeenth century authors on architecture emphasizing one particular prerogative in their writings: to merge the ancient roots with the longing for a coherent German cultural identity. However, it seems that in the process of narration, used to ‘invent’ new forms of architectural expression, Dietterlin refers also on particularities related to the historical development of mankind in a personal manner.
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Voigt, Katharina, and Virginie Roy. "Seeking Experience in Architecture: Corporeal Attempts at Perception and Conception." Dimensions 1, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 115–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/dak-2021-0211.
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Abstract This contribution presents the proceedings from a series of transversal university projects, addressing bodily forms of knowledge concerning the perception, inquiry, and conception of architecture. It retraces the phases of different manners of investigation over a threesemester teaching cycle, addressing perceptions and experiences of architectural spaces. The proceedings of, and results from the seminar cycle are documented and framed with an introduction to the applied methods and ways of working as well as their reflection and evaluation. These varying approaches all center around the questions of how to bring body-based and incorporated knowledge concerning architectural space to awareness and how attention to sensual and corporeal ways of perception can be increased. Thus, it investigates how the spectrum of design methods in architecture can be extended in order to actively include bodily forms of knowledge in the anticipation of spatial experience in the design process. The article introduces a concept of »Architecture Imagery« as a way to include bodily ways of knowing and body-based practices in the perception and memory of lived experience and the process of architectural design.
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Malik, Sana, and Farah Jamil. "The Dynamics of the Psychological Approach in Designing Spaces: A Study of Architecture Students." Journal of Art Architecture and Built Environment 2, no. 1 (June 2019): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.21.04.
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The psyche of human mind is best expressed through architecture and the interior design of buildings. No doubt, architecture and psychology are interconnected domains of human experience; while building design is the physical illustration of the creative perception of human psyche. Human interaction with the built environment prompts the senses to perceive and react to it in different logical manners, exemplified through unique spatial expression of every single designer. It has been observed that students as future architects, while tackling with the design projects, put forth their own spatial experiences of interaction with the built environment. For this reason, students of Bachelors in Architecture program at the University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan were interviewed informally to document their psychological approach regarding spatial thinking and translating it into architectural designs of varying quality. The findings acknowledged that the architectural psychology of the designer and the psychological influences of environment impact the construction and building design industry. The diversity in design driven by the psyche of each student is interesting to note and it establishes the fact that every single design is dominated by the concepts developed during the design process. The study has significance as a vital contribution towards the psychological implications of architects for a well-designed built environment.
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Lang, Jon. "Book Review: Architecture as Signs and Systems for a Mannerist Time." Journal of Planning Education and Research 25, no. 2 (December 2005): 224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x05282505.
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طاهر, اسماء نيازي, and بيمان فؤاد رحمن. "Chaos theory and the Generation Of the Architectural form." Journal of Engineering 16, no. 01 (April 1, 2010): 800–824. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2010.01.01.
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The modern era features the incredible production knowledge by quantum and qualities and with quick changes in theories, interesting practices and even knowledge s view points. In the last years new thinking methods boomed in the mathematical field that refers to chaos theory, this field which continues in growth and evolution quickly in different directions, with all the practical potentiality that carried in large and variety phenomena's. The tools and the concepts of the theory is considered as a radical cutting with the known mathematical manners that based the modern science since Galileo, Descartes and Newton , and let us see the world in different and radical views, and with the best understanding for its movement powers, its self organization and its evolution. The different concepts of the chaos theory effected in all the knowledge fields and led to unpredictional results in many areas one of them is architecture. Many architectural studies discussed chaos theory and focused on its effects in architectural field through theoretical studying to the theory and its concepts, but the most of these studying didn't exploit the theory concepts in the formal Generation of the architectural deriving, therefore the research importance came from its trying to answer the important question that the research begins with :( How could new tools be adopted to the Generation of the Architectural forms?), and according to the scientific knowledge that came from the specialized study (architectural & scientific) formulating of the research s problem was:( the lack of knowledge concerning the generating ability of the chaos theory in architecture to generate new forms), therefore the research s aim was to expose the generation ability for chaos theory in architecture to generate new forms. The research tried to build theoretical framework about the vocabularies of the formal Generation according to chaos theory the research reached to formulate three main Generation vocabularies(dynamics- complexity- flexibility) , according to that the research hypothesis was: (could be generate new forms in architectural field through employing chaos theory concepts), the research started reaching its aim through the practical part which reached to formulate special programming with the computer program (Form( to employing the vocabularies of the formal Generation according to chaos theory to generate new architectural forms And finally reached to a group of conclusions that refer to chaos theory and its formal Generation to create new forms in architecture .
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Sapirstein, Philip. "7 Recent research on Greek architecture: 2012–2022." Archaeological Reports 68 (November 2022): 169–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0570608422000072.
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The discipline of Greek architecture has been changing rapidly since the time of a major review published in 2011. The current study examines research published since 2012 about the prehistoric through to the Hellenistic eras in mainland Greece and the Aegean, along with the expansion of Greek architectural systems throughout the Mediterranean and Black Sea in the first millennium BC. A narrative discussing close to 300 works from recent years is bolstered by a quantitative analysis of the subjects treated in nearly 1,000 studies from the previous decade. Traditional foci of the discipline, such as palaces and sanctuaries, are being approached in new and methodologically sophisticated manners. A notable rise in the scrutiny of material remains suggests diverse new interests in planning and construction, from the scale of an individual architectural member up to a territorial defence network. The integration of recent digital and scientific methods has been remarkable, including widespread adoption of 3D recording and modelling, remote sensing, and compositional analysis. Certain architectural types – in particular fortifications, harbours, and urban planning – have received a great deal more attention than in past decades.
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Ferretti, Marzia, Francesco Cavani, Laura Roli, Marta Checchi, Maria Magarò, Jessika Bertacchini, and Carla Palumbo. "Interaction among Calcium Diet Content, PTH (1-34) Treatment and Balance of Bone Homeostasis in Rat Model: The Trabecular Bone as Keystone." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 3 (February 11, 2019): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030753.
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The present study is the second step (concerning normal diet restoration) of the our previous study (concerning the calcium-free diet) to determine whether normal diet restoration, with/without concomitant PTH (1-34) administration, can influence amounts and deposition sites of the total bone mass. Histomorphometric evaluations and immunohistochemical analysis for Sclerostin expression were conducted on the vertebral bodies and femurs in the rat model. The final goals are (i) to define timing and manners of bone mass changes when calcium is restored to the diet, (ii) to analyze the different involvement of the two bony architectures having different metabolism (i.e., trabecular versus cortical bone), and (iii) to verify the eventual role of PTH (1-34) administration. Results evidenced the greater involvement of the trabecular bone with respect to the cortical bone, in response to different levels of calcium content in the diet, and the effect of PTH, mostly in the recovery of trabecular bony architecture. The main findings emerged from the present study are (i) the importance of the interplay between mineral homeostasis and skeletal homeostasis in modulating and guiding bone’s response to dietary/metabolic alterations and (ii) the evidence that the more involved bony architecture is the trabecular bone, the most susceptible to the dynamical balance of the two homeostases.
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Aliyu, Mohammed. "The Significance of Architectural Styles in Glapsides Residential Settlement." Journal of Advanced Research in Construction and Urban Architecture 6, no. 3 (July 23, 2021): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2456.9925.202108.
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his broad understanding of style as a social and study of distinctiveness has some precedents in sociology, architecture, language, art and many other works which provide a framework that accommodates theories among other semiotic forms. Architectural style is a by-product of the understanding of artifacts that distinguish products or period in to distinct, and consequently, people perceived it as a unique or popular tendency. Glapsides contemporary individual-built area in Famagusta district is characterized by outstanding appearance of architectural styles in a contextual manner within the post-modern cycles. The representation of the diverse architectural styles creates an avenue for reach post-modern settlement that even the environmental values, history and a culture can be read easily. Thus, contemporary residential buildings with stylistic architectural appearances displayed some qualities of classical models as well contained traditional heritage. This research aimed at discussing the significances of architectural styles in contemporary residential buildings of Glapsides in Famagusta district. The paper focused its scopes on single-family residential buildings, with regard to the physical categories of their architectural fashions (façade). It will further explore the general contributions of architectural styles as means of creating contextual continuity, from the neighborhood to the district as a whole. In this research, the significance of architectural style will be evaluated based on their historic references, aesthetics and design characteristics as well as the visual contextual manners in the categories. In order to succeed and achieve this aim, twelve (12) case studies was selected within Glapsides area (region) and it was divided categorically based on their architectural styles. However, based on the selected cases a personal observation, effective site survey studies, and related literatures are the techniques adapted to source supportive data. The paper focused on the physical appearances only, plan scheme and measurement of component will not be discussed.
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Luria, Sarah. "The Architecture of Manners: Henry James, Edith Wharton, and The Mount." American Quarterly 49, no. 2 (1997): 298–327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aq.1997.0039.
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Jagiełło, Marzanna. "Sgraffito as a Method of Wall Decoration in the Renaissance and Mannerist Silesia." Arts 11, no. 1 (February 3, 2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts11010025.
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During the Renaissance and Mannerist periods, in most European countries the fashion for decorating walls with sgraffiti covered a large part of continent, from Portugal to Romania, and from Central Italy to the German countries and Poland. Its popularity in the middle part of Europe peaked in the 16th and 17th centuries. In many regions, sgraffito was the dominant method of decorating buildings. Sgraffito styles were differentiated by design, artistic level, local conditions and investor preferences. In many regions north of the Alps, sgraffito decorations were, on the one hand, a frequently used method of modernizing medieval buildings, and, on the other, a form of expressing views, often religious ones. Everywhere, however, they expressed supranational belonging to the world of a post-medieval, revival community. It was no different in Silesia, where the sgraffiti madness arrived, thanks to artists who came from the northern regions of Italy around 1540 and settled down until the middle of the next century. The research carried out by the author has proven that, for Silesia, sgraffito was an iconic sign of the architecture of that period. In this region, then belonging to the Habsburg Monarchy, sgraffito decorations covered a wide variety of architectural objects, from barns, walls, and gates to tenement houses, manors, castles, and churches. In the case of the latter, research has shown that temples in Gothic style are heavily decorated with sgraffiti, which should be considered a distinctive feature when compared to other regions. At the same time, it was found that the vast majority of them appeared in forms and themes known to us from other countries covered by the sgraffito fashion. The frame composition made in this technique and, most probably modeled directly on the template by S. Serlia (Tutte L’opere d’Architettura et Prospettiva) from 1619, should be considered as the Silesian contribution to the sgraffito heritage as well as oval bossages. While studying Silesian sgraffito, some local technological differences were also noticed. With the advent of the Baroque period, a large part of the sgraffito decoration was covered (and thus preserved) with a new, baroque decorative costume. We still discover them in the present while carrying out conservation works (sometimes multiple) on historic buildings. Many others, those constantly on display, have been restored to preserve their original shape, or have been reconstructed. Various and simultaneously modernized methods are used to implement these works. Their correct selection depends on in-depth knowledge of sgraffito (historical, artistic, technological and technical) and their regional specificity. It also depends on the constant exchange of experiences between all those dealing with sgraffito heritage.
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Shasore, N. E. "‘A Stammering Bundle of Welsh Idealism’: Arthur Trystan Edwards and Principles of Civic Design in Interwar Britain." Architectural History 61 (2018): 175–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/arh.2018.7.
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AbstractThis article provides the first account of key texts and concepts in the theory and criticism of Arthur Trystan Edwards. Edwards's notion of ‘civic design’, which emanated from the Liverpool School of Architecture in the second decade of the twentieth century, was part of a broader international trend (particularly in the US and Europe) towards formal, axial and monumental planning. Edwards imbued civic design with a philosophical and political sophistication that set him apart from many of his non-Modernist contemporaries. The article discusses the underlying precepts — such as ‘subject’, ‘form’, ‘urbanity’ and ‘manners’ — in some of Edwards's critical texts, including Good and Bad Manners in Architecture (1924). The final section traces his pioneering interest in high-density, low-rise housing, which culminated with the establishment of the Hundred New Towns Association in 1933–34.
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Gatti, Maria Paola, and Giorgio Cacciaguerra. "The First Reinforced Concrete Structures in Urban Renewal in an Italian Provincial City." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.187.
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For reinforced concrete, we may consider two histories: one focuses on the influence reinforced concrete has exerted on the process of renewal of the architecture of twentieth century; the other pertains to the manners in which the development of this material effectively came about in various geographic areas. The research group at the University of Trento analysed the complex of military constructions produced in the city, and, specifically, it undertook in-depth study of the manner in which the use of reinforced concrete spread to civilian architecture.
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Xie, X., N. Moretti, J. Merino, J. Y. Chang, P. Pauwels, and A. K. Parlikad. "Enabling building digital twin: Ontology-based information management framework for multi-source data integration." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 9 (November 1, 2022): 092010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/9/092010.
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Abstract The emergence of the digital twin concept can potentially change the way people manage built assets thoroughly. This is because the semantics-based model and linked data approach behind the digital twin, as the successor of classical BIM, provide strong capability in integrating data from fragmented and heterogeneous sources and thus enable better-informed decision-making. Taking buildings as the case, this paper demonstrates the ontology-based Information Management Framework and elaborates on the process to integrate data through a common data model. Specifically, the Foundation Data Model (FDM) representing the operation of buildings and embedded systems is developed and two patterns of integration architecture are compared. To conceptualise all the essential entities and relationships, the building topology ontology and BRICK ontology are reused and merged to serve as a feasible FDM. According to the characteristic of asset management services that digital twins support, two integration architectures are compared, including the data warehouse approach and the mediator approach. A case study is presented to elaborate on the implementation of these two approaches and their applicability. This work sets out the standardised and modularised paradigms for discovering, fetching, and integrating data from disparate sources with different data curation manners.
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Isidoro, Alberto Martín. "Revisitando el orden zoomorfo: diseño decorativo en las riberas del Titicaca." Sztuka Ameryki Łacińskiej 2 (2012): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/sal201201.
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A special kind of wood architecture order for retables and pulpits is developed around the Lake Titicaca. It is possible, to consider it as a part of a regional itinerant aesthetic, i.e., zoomorphic order. Datable between the end of 17th century and 18th century, it is one of the stylems that define hybrid baroque, probably inspired in engraved sources. The above mentioned order already had been identified and documented 40 years ago by the architects José de Mesa and Teresa Gisbert. Nevertheless, to think again about this topic can throw new light to what was already said, extending certain aspects. I especially want to lead to the end one of their hypotheses: This column is also a mannerist survival since it is inspired by treatise writers, so Palladio in his book ‘Quarter of Architecture’ treats Nerva’s temple, on chapter VIII, showing a capital with horses, and Sagredo has a capital with heads of sheeps. This conjecture is founded on the traffic of architecture treatises, but especially on the idea of inspiration and not a faithful reproduction of the engraving sources, since there was only a few holders of those books. On the other hand, it was more possible to have copies in diverse degrees due to their transformations because of transposition process. With that idea, I allow myself to advance on the topic from a new perspective. It is to consider the contribution of a contemporary referrer, already well known and with a great influence in continental Europe in the beginning of the development of these hybrid works: Jean Bérain the Elder (1640–1711). In his repertoire, we find his proposals on variants of capitals of columns and pilasters. Here the arabesque subordinates the acanthus and there is a wide development of fantastic animals or semihuman beings of a classic mythological character – that shows us an evident mannerist influence. I will focus on the research of this order, in two cases: gospel altarpiece in Pomata’s transept and Yunguyo’s major altar and pulpit, two Dominican churches in the former colonial Chucuito in Peru.
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Critchley, Terry. "A Plea for Good Manners." ITNOW 47, no. 6 (November 1, 2005): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/itnow/bwi123.
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Gański, Włodzimierz, and Mariya Fleychuk. "The paradigmatic basis of architectural heritage management in the context of the modern philosophy of cultural property conservation." Bulletin of Lviv National Academy of Arts 50, no. 50 (June 30, 2023): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37131/2524-0943-2023-50-1-11.
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Conservation of cultural property has been defined as all actions aimed at safeguarding cultural property for the future in order to study, record, retain and restore the culturally significant qualities of the object, site or building with the least possible intervention. Architectural conservation constitutes actions that address the repair, restoration, maintenance and display of historic buildings, enclaves of buildings and sites, as well as their associated accoutrements, such as furnishings and fittings. These actions whether conducted on individual buildings or groups of buildings represent investments in the future of such sites. Such regenerative action at historic buildings and sites usually increases values of adjacent properties and local economic conditions as well. Architectural conservation is widely regarded as the predominant activity within the larger and more diverse field of cultural heritage conservation, which is also referred to as cultural heritage (or resource) management. This field is concerned with the documentation and preservation of all forms of human culture, including tangible artifacts such as architecture, archaeological sites, cultural landscapes, arts and crafts, and other objects of material culture. Architectural restoration and rehabilitation offers new practical, educational and growth stimulus possibilities. In addition, cultural heritage conservation addresses intangible manifestations of human activity, including existing manners and customs (folkways); spiritual practices; and musical, craft and cuisine traditions of indigenous populations, all of which are considered living heritage. The general purview of heritage conservation practice is ever expanding which makes the field both dynamic and open to new participants who bring fresh talent and perspectives to the task. As organized heritage conservation practice expands with each passing year formerly disparate facts and representations of history take on new meaning and significance. In relation to this, both cultural and economic values at heritage sites constantly change. Changes posed by nature and humans on physical cultural heritage ensure constant change as well.
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Wang, Degeng, and Michael Gribskov. "Examining the architecture of cellular computing through a comparative study with a computer." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 2, no. 3 (May 16, 2005): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2005.0038.
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The computer and the cell both use information embedded in simple coding, the binary software code and the quadruple genomic code, respectively, to support system operations. A comparative examination of their system architecture as well as their information storage and utilization schemes is performed. On top of the code, both systems display a modular, multi-layered architecture, which, in the case of a computer, arises from human engineering efforts through a combination of hardware implementation and software abstraction. Using the computer as a reference system, a simplistic mapping of the architectural components between the two is easily detected. This comparison also reveals that a cell abolishes the software–hardware barrier through genomic encoding for the constituents of the biochemical network, a cell's ‘hardware’ equivalent to the computer central processing unit (CPU). The information loading (gene expression) process acts as a major determinant of the encoded constituent's abundance, which, in turn, often determines the ‘bandwidth’ of a biochemical pathway. Cellular processes are implemented in biochemical pathways in parallel manners. In a computer, on the other hand, the software provides only instructions and data for the CPU. A process represents just sequentially ordered actions by the CPU and only virtual parallelism can be implemented through CPU time-sharing. Whereas process management in a computer may simply mean job scheduling, coordinating pathway bandwidth through the gene expression machinery represents a major process management scheme in a cell. In summary, a cell can be viewed as a super-parallel computer, which computes through controlled hardware composition. While we have, at best, a very fragmented understanding of cellular operation, we have a thorough understanding of the computer throughout the engineering process. The potential utilization of this knowledge to the benefit of systems biology is discussed.
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Tafahomi, Rahman. "Examination of the Interaction Process between Architecture Students and Supervisors in the Thesis Studio." Journal of Design Studio 5, no. 2 (December 20, 2023): 223–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46474/jds.1366894.
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This paper aims to criticize the current supervision process in the undergraduate thesis project in the architecture program to reveal philosophical contradiction exists in the schools of thought. The architecture programs have adopted an apprenticeship style of education as a tradition that is called learning by doing even in the thesis projects. However, new schools of education and thought are looking for more students’ freedom and flexibility. A qualitative method with focus group workshops and group reporting techniques was applied in the research to discover the opinions of the thesis students about the supervisors and their own works and progress. Data was extracted from the reports of the students. The findings reveal that the students received guidance for the design process and outputs. However, they faced problems in keeping ownership of the thesis project idea, communication, interaction, and motivation with the supervisors. The power of the supervisors over the students resulted in changing the projects, crits, and outputs in the absence of clear guidelines in more personal manners. In conclusion, thesis projects include complicated processes that need clear guidelines and training for supervisors, even undergraduate theses in architecture departments. Despite the apprenticeship tradition in architecture education, new findings in education recommended a knowledge-based orientation for the supervision process.
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Stojanovic, Djordje. "The promise of performative: Relational, genetic and scripted models in architectural design." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 11, no. 1 (2013): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace1301047s.
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This paper investigates the role of performative models within the context of architectural design. Understanding the performances of the built environment can be postulated in rather different manners. It is commonly expected that the built environment complies with the diverse and changing requirements of its users. It is equally required that buildings are economically constructed, easily maintained, energy efficient, safe and aesthetically pleasing. Yet, such expectations are complex and consist of a great number of intertwined effects that are not easy to synchronize during architectural design process. Although they can be precisely evaluated and quantitatively expressed, the values specifying the performances, such as temperature, humidity and intensity of light or sound, in traditionally established course of architectural design are usually only considered throughout the post-rationalization or correction of the architectural design. The research presented in this paper explores design mechanisms, for direct and formative incorporation of feedback information into the very conception of architectural form.
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Moon, Jihyun. "Convergence of Music and Architecture: the works of Iannis Xenakis, György Ligeti, CCY Architects." Korean Society of Human and Nature 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.54913/hn.2022.3.2.85.
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Composers gain structural ideas from their original style of composition for Music and other areas. This tendency has been conspicuous since the twentieth century, and various fields of interdisciplinary studies have been conducted recently: Typical examples of multidisciplinary studies include the integration of Music and architecture, Music and Science, Music and mathematics, and music and fine arts. Music has expanded the horizon to unattempted areas by developing unconventional ideas and creative composition techniques.
This study investigated three works: two for composition and one for architecture. The orchestral piece, Metastasis by Iannis Xenakis, piano work, Columna Infinita by György Ligeti and the architecture Music Box, located in Aspen, Colorado, the United States are significantly studied in the paper to explore composers and architects’intentions, structural manners and the background of the works.
Research implications suggest integrating independent theories in different fields of study to create a new multidisciplinary field. We can expand traditional boundaries in academic areas without limitations, and research on interdisciplinary studies needs to be carried out further. It will inspire and drive researchers in numerous fields who want to try something new and creative.
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Prudden, Anthony R., Lin Liu, Chantelle J. Capicciotti, Margreet A. Wolfert, Shuo Wang, Zhongwei Gao, Lu Meng, Kelley W. Moremen, and Geert-Jan Boons. "Synthesis of asymmetrical multiantennary human milk oligosaccharides." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 27 (June 19, 2017): 6954–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701785114.
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Despite mammalian glycans typically having highly complex asymmetrical multiantennary architectures, chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis has almost exclusively focused on the preparation of simpler symmetrical structures. This deficiency hampers investigations into the biology of glycan-binding proteins, which in turn complicates the biomedical use of this class of biomolecules. Herein, we describe an enzymatic strategy, using a limited number of human glycosyltransferases, to access a collection of 60 asymmetric, multiantennary human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which were used to develop a glycan microarray. Probing the array with several glycan-binding proteins uncovered that not only terminal glycoepitopes but also complex architectures of glycans can influence binding selectivity in unanticipated manners. N- and O-linked glycans express structural elements of HMOs, and thus, the reported synthetic principles will find broad applicability.
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Tarlinskaja, Marina. "Evolution of Verse Form, Plots and Characters in English Plays (mid-16th to mid-19th centuries)." Studia Metrica et Poetica 6, no. 1 (August 29, 2019): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/smp.2019.6.1.01.
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The aim of this essay is to demonstrate how the rhythmical evolution of English dramatic iambic pentameter parallelled the changes of aesthetic tastes and social values of English society from the mid-sixteenth to mid-nineteenth century. During 250 years the evolution of such features as the abundance or absence of enjambments, the use of constrained or loose iambs, and some others corresponds to the changes in the architecture of the theaters, the social structure of the audience, the manners of declamation, the complexity of poetic language, and the types of characters and plots the playwrights used.
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Jasmin Salma, S., and B. Aysha Banu. "Revealing of Reducing Manners in Ad Hoc Networks with Crosslayer Approach Using SVM and FDA in Distributed Architecture." Asian Journal of Computer Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (May 5, 2012): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajcst-2012.1.1.1666.
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Ad hoc network is a structure less network with independent nodes. In the ad hoc network, the nodes have to cooperate for services like routing and data forwarding. The routing attacks in ad hoc networks have given rise to the need for designing novel intrusion detection algorithms, different from those present in conventional networks. In this work, distributed intrusion detection system (IDS) have proposed for detecting malicious sinking behavior in ad hoc network. Detection process of that sinking behavior node is very important to do the further forwarding process in network. Intrusion detection system use linear classifiers for training the intrusion detection model. Cross -layer approach is involved to increase the accuracy of intrusion detection process in ad hoc network. A machine learning algorithm in non linear manner named as Support Vector Machine (SVM) involved for training the detection system and used together with Fisher Discriminant Analysis (FDA). The proposed cross-layer approach aided by a combination of SVM and FDA reduces the feature set of MAC layer without reducing information content.
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Agustin, Selvia Noer, and A. A. Ayu Oka Saraswati. "Reading the Meaning of the Realization of a Residential House in Tenganan Pegringsingan Village, Bali using the Hermeneutic Method." ASTONJADRO 13, no. 1 (January 8, 2024): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/astonjadro.v13i1.14450.
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Discussion of traditional architecture is still interesting to do because of the high meaning in it. Including traditional Balinese architecture, more precisely the house in Tenganan Pegringsingan Village. The house for the indigenous people of Tenganan Pegingsringan Village consists of several building periods, including Bale Buga, Sanggah, Bale Meten, Bale Tengah and Paon. The aim of the study was to analyze the meaning of the embodiment of a residential house in Tenganan Pegringsingan Village, Bali using the hermeneutic method. The research method used is a qualitative method with primary data from direct observation in the form of photographs, interviews and secondary data from literacy which is then compiled, the two data can be analyzed using a hermeneutic approach to obtain results and conclusions. The meaning of the house in the village of Tenganan Pegingsringan was born from the activities of its users who have the same values and expressions. Different users from community groups based on village manners have the same residential meaning. The meaning of the house form in Tenganan Pegingsringan Village has ritual, symbolic, ethical, religious and sustainable meanings.
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Gao, Xiang, Xuexi Zhang, Mingfang Qian, Aibin Li, Guisong Wang, Lin Geng, and Hua-Xin Peng. "Enhanced stress concentration sensitivity of SiCp/Al composite with network architecture." Journal of Composite Materials 56, no. 8 (February 10, 2022): 1165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219983211072955.
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For network architecture design, stress concentration sensitivity caused by particle shape may change, which is rarely studied. Here, the particle shape dependent stress concentration and its effect on the deformation, fracture, and mechanical properties were investigated. Three particle shapes including hexahedron, twenty-six face polyhedron, and sphere were utilized to generate different stress distribution states in the matrix. A numerical composite model showing network architecture (like grain boundary) was applied. A strong correlation between particle shape, stress concentration factor ( R SiC), and mechanical properties of network composite was built. The particle shape affected the load-bearing capability due to the stress concentration state generated at particle edges. Near the yield point, hexahedron particle wall parallel to the load direction (PaW) was more effective in carrying loads (∼1000 MPa) than that of twenty-six face polyhedron (750–1000 MPa) and sphere (600–1000 MPa) particles. In network composites reinforced by different shape particles, the main crack always initiated in perpendicular network walls (PeW), but propagated along different paths: in Al matrix for hexahedron particle, along macro-interface of SiC/Al–Al for twenty-six face polyhedron particle, and in PeW for sphere particle. Such crack propagation manners contributed to the different elongations of network composites by various particle shapes: sphere > twenty-six face polyhedron > hexahedron particles. Selection of round particle and adjustment of local volume fraction improved elongation with a sacrifice of modulus and strength.
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Tang, Ting Qiang. "Theoretical Analysis on Modern Park Landscape Design and Evaluation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 1295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.1295.
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Based on the unique geographical environment, local manners, architectural styles, historical and cultural traditions, aesthetic taste and landscape, the writer involves landscape ecological studies into the utterance of natural elements and landscape characteristics in design of park landscape, which may achieves the self-development of environment by maintaining diversity of ecology to a certain extent. The landscape planning focus on diversity of landscape based on sustainable development, and forms up the evaluation standards and design principals on park landscape design.
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Wright, G. R. H. "Architectural Details from the Asklepeion at Balagrae (Beida)." Libyan Studies 23 (1992): 45–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900001746.
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AbstractDrawings made in 1958 of the Beida Sanctuary peristyle afford a basis for comment on characteristic architectural developments in Cyrenaica, seen as part of the Oriental Hellenistic world.Since this complex is dated epigraphically to Hadrianic times it offers information on the chronological compass of forms and motifs which are well established at a much earlier period (3rd century BC). Notable features are the mixing of elements from different orders and the use of the cordiform angle pier often in association with the Rhodian-type peristyle.The emergence of these devices can be seen in the Apollo Temple at Bassae, and they are subsequently formalised in the so-called Argolid School. This style was spread about the Hellenised Orient in the wake of Alexander's conquests. It can be seen particularly in Ptolemaic Alexandria, but owing to the destruction of almost all the free-standing building at Alexandria the bulk of the evidence comes from the Ptolemaic provinces, notably Cyrenaica, Cyprus and Southern Palestine/Arabia.The details of the Balagrae peristyle also show the retention of some old established Cyrenaican regional manners (Doric Capital with moulded abacus, simplified Ionic Capital, etc) and the complete absence of any specifically Roman innovations either of design or construction.
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Vandаlovskyi, V. "Artistic and technical features of the lithographic manner mixed technique." Research and methodological works of the National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture, no. 27 (February 27, 2019): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33838/naoma.27.2018.92-98.
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Nowadays the problem of improving the artistic and technical features of the lithographic manner of mixed technique has matured already. The author of this study expanded and supplemented the ways of combining a variety of manners of lithographic techniques through practical experiments to achieve positive results in this area. Mixed technique is one of the types of lithography, in which a certain combination of lithographic manners engraving on stone with pencil, blurring ink, root paper, color lithography is used on one stone depending on the intent of the author, his artistic taste and possession of a large number of techniques in lithography, such as shading, sketching, blurring ink, pen, prints of cloth and other textures and the like. Lithography got the greatest spread in France, the gifted artists on stone included T. Géricault, Antoine-Jean Gros, Claude Joseph Vernet, Nicolas-Toussaint Charlet, O. Raffet, Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix, Louis-Léopold Boilly, Paul Gavarni, Henri Grévedon, A. Toulouse-Lautrec and many others. Famous Ukrainian artists, namely M. Deregus, M. Popov, S. Yakutovich, and others worked in lithographic mixed technique. In particular, N. Popov in the creation of graphic works used the author's manner of execution of lithographs – drawing with acid. In artistic creativity to the main lithographic technique artists add elements of other graphic techniques: combine with etching, woodcut, monotype and other techniques. The program of teaching lithography in National Academy of Fine Arts and Architecture in methodical terms is designed so that the student of the specialty "Free graphics, design and illustration of the book", mastering lithographic technique and getting acquainted with her manners, could be able to do on this basis a mixed lithographic technique. Mixed technique is the final task, in which the student is given the opportunity to choose and combine the manners of lithography. Senior students improve their knowledge in the field of technical and technological capabilities of lithography. Due to the rich, original technique lithography has unlimited visual possibilities. It met the requirements of different artists, despite the difference in styles, language and artistic techniques. Lithography makes it possible to solve the composition in black and white, dashed, tonal, color techniques through the use of different manners.
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Sokolov, B. M. "Religious iconography and topography in the garden art of Early Modern Europe. Sources, interpretation, cultural context." Journal of Visual Theology 6, no. 1 (2024): 129–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34680/vistheo-2024-6-1-129-149.
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The paper analyzes gardens and landscapes of the Renaissance, Mannerism and Baroque with particular attention to moral themes and Christian symbols. I follow the devel-opment of moral topography in the gardens by examples of Villa Hadriana, Villa d’Este in Tivoli, Versailles, Tsarskoye Selo, Désert de Retz, Sanspareil, Regaleira. The two types of gar-dens are identified: architectural (Castelo Branco, Bom Jesus do Monte in Braga) and land-scaping (Bomarzo, Cetinale, Esztergom, Buçaco, Kuks, Valsanzibio). The paper then turns to “sacred mountains” created in the foothills of Italian Alps as a symbolic barrier at the bor-der of Protestant lands. The interplay of gardens themselves and their descriptions, such as in “The Path of Purification”, the treatise by Francesco de’ Vieri on Pratolino, 1587 and in the inscriptions in Valsanzibio, is also discussed. Further in the paper I wonder about how moral programs of gardens can be studied and incorporated in the history of ideas and religiosity. The work is based on the materials of author’s travels and is illustrated with his photographs. Translations into Russian are by B. Sokolov.
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de Ventós, Xavier Rubert. "LA URBANITZACIÓ CONTRA LA URBANITAT." Catalan Review 18, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2004): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.18.1-2.3.
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Taking his cue from diverse yet complementary quotes from José Ortega y Gasset and Eugeni d’Ors, famed philosopher and cultural critic Xavier Rubert de Ventós examines some of the ties and tensions between urbanization as a geo-architectural and political practice and urbanity as a social, even moral, practice. Offering what he presents as an archeological and etymological review of terms and concepts, and addressing the widespread perception of a crisis in civic values, the author examines the relations between the city as material and symbolic space and tact, respect, manners, conduct, and sociability.
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Machado, Denise Del´Prá Netto, and Acilão Gonçalves Antunes. "ESTILOS DE LIDERANÇA: UM ESTUDO NAS AGÊNCIAS DE UM BANCO DE VAREJO PÚBLICO EM SANTA CATARINA." Revista de Negócios 12, no. 3 (February 24, 2008): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7867/1980-4431.2007v12n3p88-104.
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This paper deals with the verification of the profiles of the managers in the organizational units of a Public retail Bank. The theoretical references for the verification restrict to: Theories of Personality Features (TPF), Mannering Styles (MS), Situational Systematics (SS), Direction Management (DM), and Organizational Architecture (OA). The research methodology is a survey, with the application of a questionnaire with 30 pairs of affirmations; each one of theoretical lines is represented by 12 affirmations. The objective is to identify and to evaluate the styles of management adopted by group 9 managers, in agencies located in Santa Catarina State. The searched agencies keep similarities in relation to its structure and to the public-focus; they act in the interior and have between 15 e 30 employees. The objectives integrally had been reached, being possible to the end of the work to trace the profile of the managers of the studied units. The research did not disclose to significant differences in relations to the profiles tracings for the study. It had a bigger superiority in frequencies in relation to the typologies Direction Management (DM) and Organizational Architecture (OA). It was not evidencing that the demographic variable as time of bank, scholarly, marital status and kind had relation with the gotten results. Key words: Managers Profiles. Retail Public Bank. Leadership.
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IMAMURA, Yoichi. "THE OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THE UNWRITTEN DESIGN MANNERS OF THE DESIGN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM WITHOUT GUIDELINE BY FIXED MEMBERS." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 29, no. 71 (February 20, 2023): 394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.29.394.
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Velásquez Zambrano, Vinicio, Álvaro Guzmán Rodríguez, Gabriela Mejía Gómez, and Ramiro Rosón Mesa. "Una aproximación educativa al aparejo en los edificios históricos como elemento estructural y formal del patrimonio arquitectónico = An educational approach to the bonding of walls as a structural and formal element of architectural heritage." Advances in Building Education 3, no. 3 (February 14, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/abe.2019.3.4234.
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La presente investigación se dirige a realizar una identificación detallada de las fuerzas externas (factores de deterioro naturales y humanos) e internas (materiales constructivos) que afectan a los aparejos en los edificios históricos. Desde este punto de vista, la estructura de un edificio puede definirse como una combinación estable de elementos que se conciben como una unidad, para soportar y transmitir al terreno las cargas correspondientes de forma segura y sin exceder los límites de resistencia de cada uno de estos elementos.En concordancia con este enfoque, se estudiarán las relaciones entre ambos tipos de fuerzas, tomando en cuenta que las fuerzas internas poseen la misión de contrarrestar las externas para conservar el equilibrio estructural de un edificio. La adecuada comprensión de estas relaciones permitirá elaborar una aproximación metodológica para intervenir sobre los aparejos en edificios históricos, desde el respeto a su autenticidad como elementos estructurales y formales del patrimonio arquitectónico. En este sentido, el respeto a la autenticidad solamente puede alcanzarse investigando las técnicas y los materiales constructivos que se utilizaron en la época a la que pertenece un edificio histórico determinado, lo cual facilita que el proceso de restauración y reestructuración del patrimonio arquitectónico se lleve a cabo preservando sus valores históricos y artísticos.Dado que la estructura distingue a la arquitectura del resto de las artes, toda intervención sobre el patrimonio arquitectónico debe partir de la idea de que los elementos estructurales desempeñan una función práctica, contribuyendo de manera decisiva a la conservación de un edificio a través del tiempo, pero también se les puede atribuir una función estética, expresando con ellos los valores artísticos de la época a la que pertenecen. Esta idea se ha reflejado en la historia de la arquitectura desde la Grecia clásica, de modo que los elementos estructurales de cada época se han convertido en símbolos de su arquitectura. En el desarrollo de esta actividad, siempre se puede resolver un problema de varias formas igualmente válidas, pues la atención y el esfuerzo que se dedican a los detalles formales, más allá de las exigencias del cálculo estructural, rebasan el ámbito meramente técnico y aportan valores artísticos de manera deliberada o fortuita.AbstractThis research is aimed to carry out a detailed identification of the external forces (natural and human factors of deterioration) and internal (building materials) which affect the bonding of walls in historical buildings. From this point of view, the structure of a building can be defined as a stable combination of elements which are conceived as a whole, in order to bear and transmit the pertinent loads to the ground in a safe manner and without exceeding the resistance limits of each one of these elements.According to this approach, relations between both types of forces will be studied, considering that internal forces have the purpose of counteracting the external ones in order to preserve the structural balance of a building. The appropriate understanding of these relations will allow to make up a methodological approach to operate on the bonding of walls in historical buildings, from the respect to its authenticity as structural and formal elements of architectural heritage. In this sense, respect to authenticity can only be achieved doing research on the building techniques and materials which were used in the time which a specific historical building belongs to, which facilitates to carry out the restoration and restructuration process of architectural heritage preserving its historical and artistic values.Given that structure differentiates architecture from the other arts, every operation on architectural heritage must start from the idea that structural elements accomplish a practical function, making a crucial contribution to preserve a building through ages, but they can also have an aesthetic function, expressing the artistic values of the time which they belong to. This idea has been reflected in history of architecture from the classical Greece, in a way that the structural elements of each time have become symbols of its architecture. In the development of this task, a problem can always be solved in different manners which are equally acceptable, because the attention and the effort which are invested in formal problems, beyond the requirements of structure calculation, overtake the sphere of mere technique and provide artistic values in an intentional or accidental way.
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Fallica, Simone, Raissa Garozzo, and Cettina Santagati. "Retraced memories - virtual reconstruction of an architectural landmark." Virtual Archaeology Review 12, no. 25 (July 14, 2021): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2021.15302.
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<p class="VARAbstract">This paper addresses the challenge of digitally reconstructing ruined architectural sites and retracing their history, in order to virtually recompose their geometrical, stylistic and material integrity. To this end, the research team analyzed the ruins of the church of Santa Maria de Monasterio Albo, located in the ancient village of Misterbianco (Sicily) and destroyed (together with the entire hamlet) by the 1669 eruption of Mount Etna. In the last years, some excavation campaigns brought the church to the light, unveiling the remains of the main portal and six altars, which are one of the most remarkable examples of Mannerist art in eastern Sicily. This research aimed to three-dimensional (3D) reconstruct both the altars and the portal, ideally reviving their original 17<sup>th</sup> century configuration. This goal was achieved through an in-depth archival research (documents dating back to the years between 1300 and 1666 were consulted), an analysis of Classic and Renaissance treatises, and two integrated digital survey campaigns (laser scans and photogrammetry). The outcome is represented by the 3D models of the seven artifacts, which include surviving parts reconstructed as photogrammetric meshes, several fragments were placed in their likely early location through a virtual anastylosis, and NURBS (Non Uniform Rational Basis-Splines) surfaces (recreating the no longer existing elements). The latter were 3D modelled based on the treatises (which provided information on the correct proportioning) or in analogy with other coeval similar artifacts. Overall, the digital reconstruction was based on the ethical principles of transparency of the intervention, recognition of non-original additions and distinction between evidence and hypothesis, according to the London Charter and the Seville Principles. The experimentation provides a valid support for possible interventions in the real world and is the starting point to develop a digital archive of the site, which would make the different accuracy levels the reconstruction explicit.</p><p><strong>Highlights:</strong></p><ul><li><p>3D virtual reconstruction is effective to visualize and bring back to life ruined architectural artefacts.</p></li><li><p>Information about the artefacts original appearance was harvested through digital survey campaigns, archival documents, and comparisons with iconographic sources and coeval buildings.</p></li><li><p>The 3D reconstruction follows ethical principles of transparency and combines photogrammetric meshes (partly relocated through a virtual anastylosis) and NURBS surfaces.</p></li></ul>
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Chirilă, Oana Cristina, Alexandru Eugen Petre, and Mihaela Rodica Păuna. "The role of virtual articulators in dental occlusion analysis." Romanian Journal of Stomatology 63, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjs.2017.1.5.
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Today, virtual reality has a broad spectrum of applications in fields as diverse as architecture, sports, arts or medicine. One of the applications of virtual reality in medicine is the virtual articulator, a digital instrument that was designed as a tool for comprehensive analysis of static and dynamic occlusal relations, the purpose being to substitute the use of mechanical articulators and consequently, of the mechanical errors involved by their use. This paper is a systematic review of the literature on published studies about the functionality and application of the virtual articulators in the analysis of dental occlusion. An electronic search was conducted based on a combination of keywords, using the search engines of Pubmed/Medline and ScienceDirect. Most of the identified studies show that the reproduction of occlusal contacts using virtual articulators has superior, or at least similar, fidelity compared to the conventional techniques, both in static or dynamic manners.
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Wang, Yuxian, Yuan Fang, Wenlong Zhong, Rongming Zhuo, Junhuan Peng, and Linlin Xu. "A Spatial–Temporal Depth-Wise Residual Network for Crop Sub-Pixel Mapping from MODIS Images." Remote Sensing 14, no. 21 (November 7, 2022): 5605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14215605.
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To address the problem caused by mixed pixels in MODIS images for high-resolution crop mapping, this paper presents a novel spatial–temporal deep learning-based approach for sub-pixel mapping (SPM) of different crop types within mixed pixels from MODIS images. High-resolution cropland data layer (CDL) data were used as ground references. The contributions of this paper are summarized as follows. First, we designed a novel spatial–temporal depth-wise residual network (ST-DRes) model that can simultaneously address both spatial and temporal data in MODIS images in efficient and effective manners for improving SPM accuracy. Second, we systematically compared different ST-DRes architecture variations with fine-tuned parameters for identifying and utilizing the best neural network architecture and hyperparameters. We also compared the proposed method with several classical SPM methods and state-of-the-art (SOTA) deep learning approaches. Third, we evaluated feature importance by comparing model performances with inputs of different satellite-derived metrics and different combinations of reflectance bands in MODIS. Last, we conducted spatial and temporal transfer experiments to evaluate model generalization abilities across different regions and years. Our experiments show that the ST-DRes outperforms the other classical SPM methods and SOTA backbone-based methods, particularly in fragmented categories, with the mean intersection over union (mIoU) of 0.8639 and overall accuracy (OA) of 0.8894 in Sherman County. Experiments in the datasets of transfer areas and transfer years also demonstrate better spatial–temporal generalization capabilities of the proposed method.
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Piatov, Danila, Sven Helmer, Anton Dignös, and Fabio Persia. "Cache-efficient sweeping-based interval joins for extended Allen relation predicates." VLDB Journal 30, no. 3 (February 13, 2021): 379–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00778-020-00650-5.
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AbstractWe develop a family of efficient plane-sweeping interval join algorithms for evaluating a wide range of interval predicates such as Allen’s relationships and parameterized relationships. Our technique is based on a framework, components of which can be flexibly combined in different manners to support the required interval relation. In temporal databases, our algorithms can exploit a well-known and flexible access method, the Timeline Index, thus expanding the set of operations it supports even further. Additionally, employing a compact data structure, the gapless hash map, we utilize the CPU cache efficiently. In an experimental evaluation, we show that our approach is several times faster and scales better than state-of-the-art techniques, while being much better suited for real-time event processing.
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Bogart, Michele H. "Manhattan Manners: Architecture and Style, 1850-1900. M. Christine BoyerElegant New York: The Builders and the Buildings, 1885-1915. John Tauranac , Christopher Little." Winterthur Portfolio 22, no. 1 (April 1987): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/496317.
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