Academic literature on the topic 'Manners and customs – History'
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Journal articles on the topic "Manners and customs – History"
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Wesolowski, Christopher. "Table Manners." General: Brock University Undergraduate Journal of History 5 (April 11, 2020): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/tg.v5i1.2359.
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Why do we eat the way we do? It is a simple question, but one that is rooted in a deep history of social customs and politics. This paper surveys the past thousand years of table manners through looking at popular courtesy handbooks both translated and written in late medieval Western Europe. It has been argued that table manners are imposed by the royalty and the upper echelons of society in order to have control over the functions of the middle and lower classes, but this paper extends this idea to explore how the population sought to either make fun of or emulate their higher ups. By looking at the history of table manners a great deal can be explored regarding the way in which medieval peoples thought about how they ate, and why it mattered.
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Green, Judith. "China: A History of the Laws, Manners and Customs of the People (review)." China Review International 12, no. 2 (2005): 426–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cri.2006.0025.
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Thompson, Jason. "Edward William Lane's “Description of Egypt”." International Journal of Middle East Studies 28, no. 4 (November 1996): 565–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800063832.
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Few Western students of the Arab world are as well known as the 19th-century British scholar Edward William Lane (1801–76). During his long career, Lane produced a number of highly influential works: An Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians (1836), a translation of The Thousand and One Nights (1839–41), Selections from the Ḳur-án (1843), and the Arabic–English Lexicon (1863–93). The Arabic–English Lexicon remains a pre-eminent work of its kind, and Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians is still a basic text for both Arab and Western students. Through his published work, Lane contributed substantially to the prevailing Western picture of the Arab world.
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Yunli, M. "Comparative analysis of table manners in China and Russia." ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ 104, no. 3 (2023): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/trnio-12-2023-174.
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The purpose of this paper is to explore the cultural differences in table manners between China and Russia, and to provide some suggestions for improving intercultural communication and understanding in this field. The paper adopts a comparative and analytical approach, using both qualitative and quantitative methods to collect and process data. It identifies several aspects of table manners that differ significantly between the two countries, such as the use of chopsticks and forks, the role of hosts and guests, and the expression of gratitude and satisfaction. The paper also discusses the underlying reasons for these differences, such as historical, religious, and political factors. The article concludes that table manners are an important part of cultural identity and communication, and that both Chinese and Russian people should respect and appreciate each other’s customs and traditions.
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BREWER, JOHN. "BETWEEN DISTANCE AND SYMPATHY: DR JOHN MOORE'S PHILOSOPHICAL TRAVEL WRITING." Modern Intellectual History 11, no. 3 (October 10, 2014): 655–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244314000237.
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Dr John Moore's four-volume account of his Grand Tour in the company of the Duke of Hamilton was one of the most successful European travel books of the late eighteenth century. Moore's text, I argue, is a philosophical travel narrative, an examination of manners, customs and characters, analogous to the philosophical histories of the Scottish Enlightenment. Intended as a critique of the superficial observations of much travel literature, it argues for a greater degree of closeness between the traveler and the native, one based on sympathetic conversation rather than observation, but accompanied by a more distanced analysis, based on conjectural history, of the hidden processes that explain manners and character. Difference should be understood through a combination of sympathy and analysis that makes travel and its accounting valuable.
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Broers, Michael. "Revolution as Vendetta: Napoleonic Piedmont 1801–1814 II." Historical Journal 33, no. 4 (December 1990): 787–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00013765.
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The virus of violent, personal vendetta had poisoned the blood of elite society in Piedmont by the time the country was formally annexed to France in April 1802. The turbulent events of the period 1794–1801 had inflamed and then politicized a society ‘whose customs steadfastly retained something of the unruly and fiercesome’, as Sauli d'Igliano, the son of a petty count from Ceva, chose to describe it when writing of his childhood in the mid-1790s. The revolutionary process unleashed and, finally, entrenched that penchant for violence among ‘men of the second order’ that Giuseppe Baretti had informed the whole of Europe of a generation earlier in his widely read An account of the manners and customs of Italy: ‘they are withal so punctilious and so ready to draw the sword, that more duels are fought in Piedmont than in the rest of Italy taken together’. The venom of revolution mingled with the poison of personal vendettas and brought their ferocity to the centre of political life. It was a virus the French would strive to stamp out, but one that would malinger in the subalpine body politic throughout their own rule and long after they had gone. As late as 1813, a substantial landowner of Bene, in southern Piedmont complained of his patriot maire's ‘despotisme et ses actes arbitraires…sans nombre’.
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Manola, Maria. "Contribution of the Venetian Monuments of Rhodes to Cultural Tourism and the Local Development of the Island." Open Journal for Research in Economics 5, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojre.0502.02035m.
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This article examines the contribution of Italian monuments to the local development of the island of Rhodes. It is an island with tradition which is undoubtedly famous for its history as well as for the manners and customs that represent the contribution of culture to local sustainability. This particular island provides rich cultural as well as natural resources that contribute to tourism development. Our theme is connected to the active role played by the cultural heritage created by the Venetians, the Genoese and the Knights and which the Italians preserved, highlighted and utilized in the period 1912-1948. The quantitative research we carried out deals with the cultural tourism of Rhodes with a focus on the Italian monuments, the visitation and the tourist interest as well as the order of preference of the Italian monuments by the visitors.
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Marinis, Agis. "Roots ancient or medieval? Nikolaos Politis, modern Greek folklore studies and ancient Greek religion." Historical Review/La Revue Historique 16 (April 1, 2020): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hr.22824.
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The question posed by the title can be reformulated in the following manner: to what extent has it been possible or desirable to connect modern Greek customs with ancient ones? not customs in general, but more precisely religious customs. Greek folklore studies typically begin with Nikolaos Politis, professor at the University of Athens, the first to introduce the term λαογραφία (meaning “folklore studies”) towards the end of the nineteenth century. Yet, we need to revert to at least as far back as the time prior to the Greek Revolution, that is, the period of the Greek enlightenment, in order to trace the beginnings of the shaping of the ideological framework of modern Greek folklore studies. it is well known and has aptly been pointed out, also in connection with Greek folklore studies, that for the Greeks the enlightenment movement went hand in hand with a specific form of romanticism. The Greek idea of the nation developed within the framework of the Romantic movement and on the basis of the connection between “us” and “the ancients”. How, then, were modern Greek folk customs that were not firmly related to the orthodox church incorporated in this new cultural narrative?
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Perron, Anthony. "Bad Custom." Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques 47, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/hrrh.2021.470301.
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The place and function of custom as a species of law—distinguished from custom as simply polite manners or cherished cultural traditions—has long been a source of research and debate among legal theorists and historians. One school of thought, reflecting the authority of written statute in modern jurisprudence, has relegated custom in a juridical sense to “primitive” societies, whereas proper law belongs to a world of state sovereignty. Other scholars have revisited the continuing validity of custom, including a trenchant body of work on the use (and manipulation) of custom in modern colonial regimes. At the same time, some have seen benefits in the acknowledgment of custom as a source of norms. A 2006 collection of articles, for instance, explored ways in which customary law might serve as a better foundation for the sustainable development of natural resources. As David Bederman has written, “Custom can be a signal strength for any legal system—preliterate or literate, primitive or modern.”
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Simyan, Tigran S. "The world of Hutsuls through the eyes of Sergei Parajanov: semiotic translation, film language, existential invariants." Rusin, no. 67 (2022): 375–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/67/21.
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The article analyses Parajanov's reflections on semiotic translation, on the example of the life, traditions, and customs of the Hutsuls, as recorded in his article “Eternal Movement” about his film Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors. Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors became a stylistic and semantic invariant for Parajanov's subsequent films. In fact, it became a manifesto movie. Parajanov found his own thematic language and creative constants, such as rituals, traditions, customs, and sacraments. By focusing on the creative invariants of the lives of different peoples (Hutsuls, Armenians, Turks, Tatars, etc.), Parajanov began to aesthetically conjecture and reveal their inner worlds, customs, and more. Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors is based on a deep love of Hutsul culture, as well as I. Savchenko's “method” that assumes a direct cognition and absorption of the object-culture, nature, and the sensual world on different communication channels (visual, auditory, olfactory). Based on the deep knowledge of the Hustsul culture, Parajanov works with the world of values, by translating the text into a visual image, as well as fantasizing visual customs. Through the bearer of culture, an elderly woman, he began to look at the world of the Hutsuls and absorb their spirit for the correct reconstruction of the material in the transnational language of beauty and recoding denotative codes into connotative ones. Parajanov's reflection on the film showed the transition from the amorphous cinematic language of socialist realism to the language of auteur cinematography: the rejection of clear plot reproduction, photographic reproduction of everyday life, manners and customs, “notorious canons”, “old habits, and impressions”. The emergence of the author's cinematic language made his conflict with the Soviet cinematic system and nomendaturai “elite” even clearer. This is evidenced by the fact that Parajanov still had to defend his position and argue against dubbing his film, since in that case, the viewer would lose the authentic auditory world of the Hutsuls.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Manners and customs – History"
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Friesen, Layton Boyd. "Seditions, confusions and tumult sixteenth century Anabaptism as a threat to public order /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.
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許子濱 and Tzu-pin Hsu. "A critical study of the ritual elements in Yang Bojun's (1909-1992) Chunqiu Zuozhuan Zhu." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31237046.
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Whelan, Fiona Elizabeth. "Morals and manners in twelfth-century England : 'Urbanus Magnus' and courtesy literature." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4ccb50b9-7e0e-49c8-b9c5-104dfefa3fea.
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This thesis investigates the twelfth-century Latin poem entitled Urbanus magnus or 'The Book of the Civilised Man', attributed to Daniel of Beccles. This is a poem dedicated to the cultivation of a civilised life, aimed primarily at clerics although its use extends to nobility, and specifically the noble householder. This thesis focuses on the text as a primary source for an understanding of social life in medieval England, and uses the content of the text to explore issues such as the medieval household, social hierarchy, the body, and food and diet. Urbanus magnus is commonly referred to as a 'courtesy text'. This thesis seeks to understand Urbanus magnus outside of that attribution, and to situate the text in the context of twelfth and thirteenth-century England. Thus far, scholarship of courtesy literature has focused on later texts such as thirteenth-century vernacular 'courtesy texts' or humanist works as exemplified by Erasmus's De civilitate morum puerilium. This scholarship looks back to the twelfth century and sees texts such as Urbanus magnus as 'early Latin courtesy texts'. This teleological view relegates such earlier texts to positions at the genesis of the genre and blindly assumes that they belong to the corpus of 'courtesy literature'. This neglects both their individual importance and their respective origins. This thesis examines Urbanus magnus as a didactic text which contains elements of 'courtesy literature', but also displays moral and ethical concerns. At the heart of the thesis is the question: should Urbanus magnus be considered as part of the genre of courtesy literature? This question does not have a simple answer, but this thesis shows that some elements and sections of Urbanus magnus do conform to the characteristics of courtesy literature. However, there are further sections that reflect other literary traditions. In addition to morals and ethics, Urbanus magus reflects other genres such as satire, and also reveals social issues in twelfth-century England such as the rise of anti-curiale sentiment and resentment of upward social mobility. This thesis provides an examination of Urbanus magnus through the most prevalent themes in the text. Firstly, it explores the dynamics of the medieval household, along with issues such as social mobility and hierarchy. Secondly, it focuses on the depiction of the body and bodily restraint, covering topics such as speech, bodily emissions, and sexual activity. Thirdly, it discusses food and diet, including table manners, food consumption, and dietary effects of foodstuffs. The penultimate chapter looks at the manuscript dissemination of the text to investigate the different uses which Urbanus magnus found in subsequent centuries. The delineation of Urbanus magnus as part of the genre of courtesy literature ignores the social, cultural, and literary impact on the creation of the text. In response, this thesis has two aims. The first is to minimise the notion of genre, and treat Urbanus magnus as a text in its own right, and as a product of the twelfth century. The second shows that Urbanus magnus reflects both continuity and change in society in England following the Norman Conquest.
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Olivetti, Paola. "Uses and interpretations of ritual terminology : goos, oimoge, threnos and linos in ancient Greek literature." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3009/.
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The purpose of my thesis is to study the lament in ancient Greek culture, and to show how its ritual meaning is interpreted by literature. The terms goos, oimoge, threnos and linos not only indicate the presence of different ritual attitudes to death but also the existence of different interpretations for each of them. The goos and the oimoge mirror an archaic religiosity and consist of sinister utterances aimed at summoning ghosts, requesting for divine revenge, etc. Aeschylus introduces them as aischrologic acts as he implies the presence of a god or a daimon. Sophocles and Euripides use them as dysphemic elements and censure an approach to death which implies that gods are vindictive, deceitful and unjust. However, they also introduce an euphemic goos consisting in an expression of feelings. The threnos only appears in funerary contexts in Homer while is often introduced as dysphemic in drama. The linos-song is mentioned as a vintage-song in Homer, it appears as a lament and then as a song for some hero’s apotheosis or return to life in drama. The poetic use of these terms serves to understand how the social and political meaning of the ritual was understood and codified by literature.
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Yasui, Hiroshi. "Understanding the background of the political and social movements supporting the United Nations." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1060/.
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Although academic literature predominantly discusses UN centrism as Japan’s foreign policy, this thesis stipulates it as a popular norm supported by the Japanese public. The thesis employs the constructivist approach in understanding UN centrism as a domestic norm. Following the analytical methods employed in existing studies on norm diffusion, it identifies UN centrism is Japan’s interpretation of the international UN norms seen through the lens of its post-war domestic pacifist norm. Building on existing literature on civil society and Japanese studies, it analyses how civil movements supporting UNESCO and UNICEF have worked their way through Japanese society, traditional social behaviours and customs to diffuse the norm. The success of the civil movements has not been in spite of Japan’s weak civil society but because its characteristics have worked in their favour. The UN centrism norm at its core urges individuals to construct peace and international cooperation through the UN. The norm continues to develop, and today it has become a norm which not only urges ordinary Japanese to think about creating and maintaining peace through the UN, but also to make personal financial contributions to support UN humanitarian activities and even dictates where they should visit for their next holiday.
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Woodward, Jennifer Kate Alice. "The ritual management of royal death in Renaissance England, 1570-1625." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1994. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/107560/.
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This thesis represents the most detailed investigation into English royal funeral ceremonies 1570-1625 yet undertaken. It builds on earlier scholarship dealing with the French royal funeral and with the social history of death and burial in early modern England. When gathering my source material I consulted manuscript and early printed material at the British Library, the Bodleian Library, the Library of Westminster Abbey, the College of Arms and the Bibliothèque Nationale. My approach is to consider royal funeral rituals in terms of performance. I endeavour to place each of the royal funerals in its immediate performance and broader cultural context. The evidence is analysed using an approach which seeks to take account of both the political and affective implications of ritual. Preliminary chapters establish the form of the English heraldic funeral and the French royal funeral, and assess the impact of the English Reformation on funeral ritual. I go on to discuss the funerals of Mary Stuart, Elizabeth I, Prince Henry Stuart, Anne of Denmark and James I respectively. Included is a bridging chapter which briefly summarises the religious and cultural changes which took place under James I and their impact on funeral ritual. Royal funerals are seen as flexible rather than fixed. They were modified to meet changing political needs but such modifications were always in accord with broader cultural trends. My thesis demonstrates that royal funeral rituals were highly dependent on their performance and cultural contexts. The Epilogue looks at the implications my research has for readings of stage representations of funeral ritual and funeral symbolism in Elizabethan and Jacobean drama. I show that royal funerals formed an important aspect of playhouse audience experience. Dramatists exploited that experience to show the operative nature of funeral ritual performance and the potency of its symbols for political propaganda.
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Dean, Lucinda H. S. "Crowns, wedding rings, and processions : continuity and change in representations of Scottish royal authority in state ceremony, c.1214-c.1603." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/20198.
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This inter-disciplinary thesis addresses the long term continuity and change found in representations of Scottish royal authority through state ceremonial bridging the gap between medieval and early modern across four centuries. Royal ceremony in Scotland has received very haphazard research to date, with few attempts to draw comparisons that explore how these crucial moments for the representation of royal authority developed over the course of a number of centuries. Three key royal ceremonies – inaugurations/coronations, funerals and weddings (with consort coronations) – form the core of this study of the Scottish monarchy from c.1214 to c.1603, and were chosen due to their integral position in the reign of each monarch. The issues of succession and security of hereditary monarchy dictate that the ceremonies of death and accession are inescapably intertwined, and funerals and coronations have been studied in unison together for other European comparators. However, the frequency of minor accessions, early and violent deaths, absentee kingship and political upheaval in Scotland across the time period determined from an early stage that weddings – often the first occasion for Scottish monarchs to project their personal adult authority and the point at which Scotland had the widest European audience for their display – were essential to forming a rounded view of developments. By offering a detailed analysis of these ceremonial developments across time, this study will provide the framework from which further research into royal ceremony and its place as essential platform for the dissemination of royal power can be undertaken. The thesis focuses upon key questions to illuminate the developments of these ceremonies as both reflectors of a distinct Scottish royal identity and representative of their integration within a broader European language of ceremony. How did these ceremonies reflect the ideals of Scottish kingship? How were they shaped to function within the parameters of Scottish governance and traditions? How was the Scottish crown influenced by other monarchies and the papacy? How did it hope to be perceived by the wider European community and how was royal power exercised over its subjects in this transitional period of Scottish history? The focus upon Scotland’s visual forays on the international stage and varied relations with European actors has required a continual comparison with other European countries across this time period, with particular attention being paid to England, France, Ireland and the Low Countries. Within the context of a highly public and interactive era of display and posturing by great leaders across Europe, crucial points this thesis engages with include: what made the Scottish ceremonies unique? And how can this further our understanding of that which lay beneath such representations of royal authority?
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Tonkiss, Katherine E. "Constitutional patriotism and the post-national paradox : an exploration of migration, identity and loyalty at the local level." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3634/.
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Theorists of constitutional patriotism argue that the binding sentiment of shared national identity can be replaced with allegiance to universal principles, interpreted into particular constitutions through ongoing deliberative processes. In this thesis, I explore the implications of such an approach for the defensibility of restrictions on migration, a subject which has previously received very little attention. I argue that constitutional patriotism implies a commitment to the free movement of individuals across borders; but that freedom of movement itself creates challenges for the implementation of constitutional patriotism. This is because it may increase anti-immigrant, nationalist sentiment in the host community. I term this phenomenon the ‘post-national paradox’. I then draw on independently collected qualitative data on Eastern European migration to English rural communities to explore this post-national paradox. I analyse the argumentative strategies, as the well as the perceptions of difference, evident in justifications of anti-immigrant and nationalist sentiment in these contexts. I highlight both perceptions of cultural and economic threat, as well as a ‘banal’ sense of national loyalty, underpinning such attitudes; and suggest that discursive practice at the most local level is necessary for the bottom up construction, or growth, of an inclusive form of identity and belonging.
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Rădan, Gorska Maria Miruna. "Pensiuni in Romania : rediscovering and reinventing the countryside through tourism." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/54973/.
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Rural tourism is a long-established practice in the industrialised West, but it is a comparatively recent and on-going development in postsocialist contexts. This thesis examines the development of rural tourism in Romania and draws on fieldwork carried out in one of the oldest and most popular destinations of the country, as well as in a newer and less visited location. As homestays are central to rural tourism, my research has an extensive focus on what happens with guesthouses and their owners. Countryside tourism is a practice grounded in a discourse that praises images of unspoilt nature, close-knit communities, material and cultural heritage and natural healthy food. Discourses about rurality also suggest that for city dwellers, village stays in their own countries can provide a way of getting in touch with their national identity, building, at the same time a sense of belonging. In Romania, such discourses are promoted by NGOs, state institutions and tour operators that aim to develop rural tourism. In spite of their efforts, in the destinations that I studied, rural tourism has strayed away from the ideal model. Instead of bucolic cottages inspired by the vernacular architecture of the region, hosts welcome their guests into large, modern villas equipped with state-of-the art amenities. Tourists too show a strong concern with material aspects of their accommodation, they rarely venture in outdoor pursuits and have little interest in notions of ‘heritage’ or ‘traditions’. My findings show that the lived experiences of local entrepreneurs have shaped worldviews that in many respects are at odds with the ideal models and best tourism practices promoted by various institutions. I also show how hosts and guests share similar notions of achievement and success and how this has turned rural tourism into a house-centred event. In explaining why discourses have little grounding in reality, I pay close attention to the economics of tourism, trying to understand guesthouses as businesses interlinked both with the wider forces of the market and with the socio-economic history of rural Romania. I show how the development of pensiuni was influenced by specific material and social constraints, arguing that a long history of living under oppressive regimes actually endowed locals with qualities that made them ready to embark on entrepreneurial pursuits. I also examine how kinship can be both a catalyst for growth and a factor that contributes to the stagnation or decline of businesses. Most notably, however, it was the unstable and burdensome legislative environment that had perhaps the strongest impact over the evolution of guesthouses, determining over half of the owners to stay in the shadow economy. My findings raise questions about the effectiveness and utility of many of the norms currently imposed on tourist entrepreneurs and I conclude by discussing a few ways in which institutions could respond better to the needs of guesthouse owners.
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Stephens, Katherine Bernice. "American Gypsies: Immigration, migration, settlement." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2354.
Full textBooks on the topic "Manners and customs – History"
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M, Freeman James. Manners & customs of the Bible. New Kensington, PA: Whitaker House, 1996.
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Mogridge, George. The history, manners and customs of the North American Indians. Philadelphia: American Sunday-School Union, 1986.
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Humphrey, Old. The history, manners and customs of the North American Indians. Philadelphia: American Sunday-School Union, 1986.
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Groves, Marsha. Manners and customs in the Middle Ages. St. Catherines, ON: Crabtree Pub., 2006.
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Northey, W. Brook. The Gurkhas: Their manners, customs, and country. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, 2001.
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Karaka, Dosabhai Framji. History of the Parsis: Including their manners, customs, religion, and present position. New Delhi: Cosmo Publications, 1999.
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Pickels, Dwayne E. Ancient and annual customs. Philadelphia, Penn: Chelsea House, 1997.
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William, Alexander. Views of 18th century China: Costumes : history : customs. London: Studio Editions, 1988.
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Henry, Mason George, ed. Views of 18th century China: Costumes, history, customs. London: Studio Editions, 1988.
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1741-1811, Pallas Peter Simon, Johnston Robert 1783-1839, and Miller W, eds. Travels in 18th century Russia: Costumes, customs, history. London: Studio Editions, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Manners and customs – History"
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Bird, Isabella L. "Manners and Customs." In Among the Tibetans, 101–29. Social life and customs – 19th century 3.Tibet (~~China) – Description and travel: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315788654-4.
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Lambrecht, Thijs, Joke Verfaillie, and Tom de Waele. "Lords, Peasantries and the remuneration of labour services in the Southern Low Countries, 13th-18th centuries." In Datini Studies in Economic History, 121–38. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0347-0.09.
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In the late medieval and early modern Southern Low Countries, servile work gradually disappeared in most lordships. This contribution researches how and why unfree labour persisted in a minority of seigneuries. The main argument for the survival of so-called corvée labour, is that subjects performing these works received some form of remuneration. From the thirteenth century onward, peasantries were also able to negotiate favourable working conditions. Lords could not claim works during harvest and had to respect reasonable notification intervals. During the performance of the corvée labour, peasantries were usually provided food (and drink) in proportionate quantities to the caloric consumption needs of their respective work and status. Compensation of expenses in coin was rather rare, but lords often offered favourable benefits such as fiscal exemptions or use rights to the performing population or even the whole community. Male breeding animals were provided, and access to the lords domain such as hunting and fishing rights, or pastures could also be heeded. In this manner, small farmers could enjoy additional income streams or cut expenses. The existence of an array of rights and benefits to subjects performing labour indicate favourable negotiation terms of the peasant population. The case studies presented showcase a more nuanced historical reality, where peasants successfully (re-)negotiated labour duties with their lords. This paper reconstructs the negotiation process between lords and subjects as recorded in village customs.
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Wallace, Alfred Russel. "Lombock: Manners and Customs of the People." In The Malay Archipelago Part One, 255–75. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003554585-12.
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Hagglund, Betty. "Manners, Customs, Animals, and Plants, of Abyssinia." In Women's Travel Writings in North Africa and the Middle East, Part II vol 4, 331–45. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003102212-26.
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"Manners and Customs of the North American Indians: Nature and Character." In Frederick Baraga's Short History of the North American Indians, 71–75. University of Calgary Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781552383476-009.
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Sheehan, James J. "Eighteenth-century Society." In German History 1770-1866, 72–143. Oxford University PressOxford, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198204329.003.0003.
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Abstract IN 1765, when Goethe went from Frankfurt to Leipzig to begin studying law, his clothes, speech, and manners marked him as a foreigner; some female companions told him, none too gently, that he looked as if he had ‘dropped down out of another world’. Karl Heinrich Lang had a similar experience when he and his family moved from one Swabian village to another in the 1770s; although their journey lasted no more than four hours, the Langs found themselves in an ‘island of different customs, dialects, and manners’. The same sort of thing struck Georg Forster when he travelled through the Rhineland in 1791. Even in neighbouring towns such as Boppard and Andernach, Forster discovered that people spoke and behaved quite differently. Nowhere else,-wrote Freiherr von Knigge, is it harder to know how to act than in Germany, since ‘nowhere else can one find such a great multiplicity of conversational tones, educational methods, opinions on religion and other matters, and such a great diversity of conditions which claim the attention of various social groups in the different provinces’.
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Berry, Christopher J. "Hume and the Customary Causes of Industry, Knowledge and Humanity." In Essays on Hume, Smith and the Scottish Enlightenment, 184–207. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474415019.003.0011.
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Examines Hume’s account of economic development as a subset of the history of civilisation, which is presented by him as a history of customs and manners. Since Hume believes that the subject matter of ‘economics’ is amenable to scientific analysis, the focus is on his employment of causal analysis and how he elaborates an analysis of customs as causes to account for social change. This is executed chiefly via an examination Hume’s Essays, though the History of England (as a test case) and the Treatise of Human Nature for its expression of Hume’s seminal analysis of causation are also incorporated.
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Lutfi, Huda. "6. Manners and Customs of Fourteenth-Century Cairene Women: Female Anarchy versus Male Shar’i Order in Muslim Prescriptive Treatises." In Women in Middle Eastern History, 99–121. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/9780300157468-008.
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Sweet, Rosemary. "Antiquarian Transformations in Historical Scholarship." In Revisiting The Polite and Commercial People, 153–70. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802631.003.0009.
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One of the most impressive aspects of A Polite and Commercial People is Paul Langford’s skilful synthesis of a bewildering array of lesser known authors and publications to tap into opinion and sentiment on social, economic, political, and cultural questions, including the remarkable popularity of works of antiquarianism (as well as history) amongst eighteenth-century readers. The progress of manners, a thematic undercurrent throughout the book, allowed eighteenth-century antiquaries such as John Brand and Joseph Strutt to look back upon the manners and customs of the past as the expressions of different social mores, characteristic of ruder, less polished times. Through innovative interdisciplinary research which combined written and visual sources, material culture and architectural analysis, this interest developed into historical accounts of manners and customs, sports and pastimes, which documented the everyday practices of the English people from the time of the Roman conquest onwards: it offered in effect a history of the domestic life of the English people. The historicization of domesticity or everyday life was notably elaborated upon in historical novels by antiquarian-minded writers such as Walter Scott (who had himself worked on Strutt’s failed novel Queenhoo Hall), Harrison Ainsworth, and Bulwer Lytton. Rather than focusing upon novels, however, this chapter analyses how ‘domesticity’ and ‘domestic life’, particularly of the middling sorts, became categories of antiquarian and historical research from the later eighteenth century through to the mid-nineteenth century and in the process provided a social history of the mores and lifestyle of Britain’s polite and commercial classes.
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Sheehan, James J. "Eighteenth-century Society." In German History 1770-1866, 72–143. Oxford University PressOxford, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198221203.003.0003.
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Abstract N 1765, when Goethe went from Frankfurt to Leipzig to begin studying law, his clothes, speech, and manners marked him as a foreigner; some female companions told him, none too gently, that he looked as if he had ‘dropped down out of another world’. Karl Heinrich Lang had a similar experience when he and his family moved from one Swabian village to another in the 1770s; although their journey lasted no more than four hours, the Langs found themselves in an ‘island of different customs, dialects, and manners’. The same sort of thing struck Georg Forster when he travelled through the Rhineland in 1791. Even in neighbouring towns such as Boppard and Andernach, Forster discovered that people spoke and behaved quite differently. Nowhere else,-wrote Freiherr von Knigge, is it harder to know how to act than in Germany, since ‘nowhere else can one find such a great multiplicity of conversational tones, educational methods, opinions on religion and other matters, and such a great diversity of conditions which claim the attention of various social groups in the different provinces’. This fragmentation of social experience reflected and was reinforced by the backwardness of the communications system throughout central Europe. Goethe’s trip from Frankfurt to Leipzig, for instance, was filled with delays and discomforts; even so, he was more fortunate than Casanova, who once had to spend three long days trying to traverse eighteen short leagues. Under the best of circumstances, it took nine days to go from Berlin to Frankfurt, two from Augsburg to Munich.
Conference papers on the topic "Manners and customs – History"
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Šebestová, Irena. "Das Volkslied im Hultschiner Ländchen." In Form und Funktion. University of Ostrava, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.15452/fuflit2023.08.
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The Hlučín Region, which today forms part of the Czech Republic, is a region whose name was used in modern times and for the first time in connection with its annexation to the Czechoslovak Republic in 1920. The course of its eventful history, which was determined by various power interests, was significantly influenced over the centuries by the coexistence of the Czech/Moravian population with the German minority. The influence of the German language, culture, customs and manners is reflected in political and social coexistence as well as, among other things. in the regional folk songs. The folk songs in the Hultčín region were collected by a number of collectors of oral tradition. The German-written folk song collection Dreiunddreißig Lieder aus Hultschin. Mährische Volkslieder were compiled by the writer August Scholtis.
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Kirilova Ivanova, Lyubov. "The Cultural Identity of the Region as a Sign of Social Development." In 7th International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2023.373.
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The concept of culture is developed based on many customs, values, traditions, religious characteristics, language and linguistic differences, artifacts, and laws, through the preservation and practice of which the knowledge is transmitted to the population of a given territory, which helps in their rapid adaptation to the local environment and preservation of the local heritage. Cultural heritage is a part of the history of a given territory or region and is a source of social cohesion for the people who inhabit it. In this way, it is a prerequisite for determining the sense of identity of the people, as well as a vitally important factor for the sustainable development of a given territory and its positioning as competitive with other regions. Cultural heritage is specific to each region and is a set of features related to the language, customs, manners, traditions, folklore diversity, natural features, and architectural-historical wealth, typical for a given community or group of people, which build their cultural identity. The preservation of cultural identity is an important mark for distinguishing and understanding the other, the foreign culture. On one hand, through the knowledge of the foreign identity, a collective image of the region is created, and on the other, it emphasizes its characteristics, according to which a given community can define itself and which emphasizes the differences in communication with other cultures and communities.
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Тасуева, Седа Исаевна, and Иман Саидмухмедовна Садулаева. "FEATURES OF COMMUNICATIVE BEHAVIOR OF ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN LINGUOCULTURES." In Поколение будущего: сборник избранных статей Международной студенческой научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Март 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/pb190.2021.27.58.002.
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В статье рассматривается специфика и особенности коммуникативного поведения представителей русских и английских лингвокультур в ситуациях речевого этикета. Этикет относится к правилам, которые применяются в определенной ситуации, в то время как манеры включают в себя более общие поведенческие принципы. Хорошие манеры это отражение того, кем является собеседник, и, в большинстве случаев, они являются схожими в разных культурах. Этикет варьируется в зависимости от культуры и обычаев конкретной страны и должен адаптироваться в соответствии с географическим положением. The article deals with the specifics and features of the communicative behavior of Russian and English linguistic cultures in situations of speech etiquette. Etiquette refers to rules that apply in a particular situation, while manners include more General behavioral principles. Good manners are a reflection of who the other person is and, in most cases, they are similar across cultures. Etiquette varies depending on the culture and customs of a particular country and must adapt according to geographical location.
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Ci, Van. "Comparison of the customs of the wedding ceremony in China and Russia." In Scientific trends: Philology, Culturology, Art history. ЦНК МОАН, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/spc-26-02-2020-03.
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Syamsurijal, Syamsurijal, Andi Miftahul Maulidil Mursyid, Husnul Fahimah Ilyas, and Abdul Kadir Ahmad. "The Encounter of Customs and Religion in Cultivating Religious Moderation in Bugis." In 9th Asbam International Conference (Archeology, History, & Culture In The Nature of Malay) (ASBAM 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220408.099.
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Blidar, Crina-Rozalia. "Traditions and customs in the country of Codru, Maramureş." In Conferinţă ştiinţifică naţională "Salvgardarea şi conservarea digitală a patrimoniului etnografic din Republica Moldova". Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/9789975841856.04.
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The current county of Maramureş is made up of four ethnographic areas, geographically, historically and ethnographically distinct, being an ancient Romanian hearth with history chiseled in wood and stone, in soul and in verb. These are called countries of Maramureş, and namely: Maramureşului Country, or Historical Marmaureşul or Voivodal, Lapuşului Country, Chioarului Country and last but not least, Codrului Country. One of the most controversial countries of Maramureş, Ţara Codrului, covers a rather narrow area compared to other ethno-folkloric areas, the ethno-cultural space of this area currently falls administratively in the counties of Maramureş, Satu Mare and Sălaj, although in in the past they belonged to Sălaj county, most of the localities being integrated into the Cehu Silvaniei network. The identification of ancient customs and traditions preserved to this day or the reconstitution of some long-forgotten customs or traditional occupations from the folklore area of Maramures Ţara Codrului would lead to the valorization of the way of transmitting local values, customs, occupations, beliefs and symbols shared by the community, so that, subsequently, they are implemented in the daily life of the new generations. Being one of the most important traditional dances of our country, the Caluşari dance dates back to the pre-Christian period, being related to the ancient cult of the Sun. Considered by some specialists as the decayed descendant of an ancient ritual, coming from the mists of time, this particularly spectacular Romanian folk dance is included in the heritage of humanity. The ritual dance of the Caluşaris, of high artistic value of Romanian folklore, is our symbol for the scenes of the world; it is the emblem that connects equally to history and myth, without ignoring its semantic and value universality. This living symbol of our culture represents the uniqueness of the Romanian people, both through the movements of the footmen and through their clothing. It must be emphasized that the people regarded the game of the Gags as an unusual fact, because the energy and frenzy that the Gags displayed during the game did not seem natural to them, perpetuating the idea that they are led by a supernatural force that gives them powers. In fact, it’s about the enthusiasm, passion and joy with which everyone interprets the role they have in this show, because in the end, the dance of the Horsemen is a majestic show, performed in the purest and most authentic style. In 1907 George Pop from Băseşti, driven by the desire to have an authentic Romanian dance, brought a master, Dr. Iustin C. Iuga from Alba Iulia, who stayed in Băseşti for three months and trained the troupe group that had its first official representation on the day of the great TRIBUN . Later, the Caluşari bands participated in all Astra events or other important events of the time because leading a national dance band was an occasion of pride and national affirmation, the dance of the Caluşaris from Transylvania becoming a national emblem for the artistic expression of the leading Romanian villages. It was believed, in that day that through this dance one contributes to the formation and strengthening of the spiritual unity of the national consciousness, because those who dance the Căluşarul can only be Romanians in origin. Băseşti commune is an area where the authenticity and values of Romanian folklore are preserved. Included in the community known generically under the term Şara Codrului, an area strongly impregnated with local traditions and customs, Băseşti remains a land of preservation of traditions and customs that have long since passed. For more than 100 years, in Băseşti, the bands of gaggles have appeared on the country’s stages, expressing the desire of Romanians everywhere to be united under a single, unique and unbroken banner, thus perpetuating the dream of the great tribune, George Pop of Băseşti. The stage appearances of the two caluşari formations, the big team and the small team, from Cluj and Baia Mare in the 80s, represented crucial moments for this dance, which has now become a constant habit in the lives of the people of Basăşti. The simultaneous dance of the two generations of gaggles symbolizes its antiquity and continuity in our traditional culture. Thus, the constancy and antiquity of the dance of the Caluşari from Băseşti gives it the right to be called a custom specific to Băseşti, with all the rights that derive from it. The dream of a human intertwined with the beauty of this beautiful dance of the Caluşaris, against the background of passion and dedication of the members of the formations established over time, make history in Băseşti, representing a reason for national and, above all, local pride. If the glorious past is the basic piece in maintaining our national consciousness, the present is the link between it and the young saplings, the future generations that can be formed in the spirit of love for nation and country, with the due place given to the elements of national identity, and of course with love for the perpetuation of traditions and customs, especially arousing and developing the passion to play the dance of the Caluşar from Băseşti, this should be a reason for pride and joy for them, like their ancestors. Any spectator who has the opportunity to watch the dance of the Caluşari from Băseşti can claim that it was shown to him in all its archaic splendor, reinforcing his feeling that Romanians have.
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Wilkman, Göran. "A Short History on Ice Expeditions in the Russian Federation." In SNAME 11th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice. SNAME, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2014-165.
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In the field of ice expeditions, we have three main branches of activity where people go to test, observe, measure and map the ice conditions or performance of certain ship. The practices for conducting such exercise are different depending on the country and region. To organize an expedition or ship testing trip in the Russian Federation and former Soviet Union has always been a challenge. Preparations and planning needs to be started well in advance for getting the permits, and even then when you have all the paperwork done you cannot be sure that the expedition will come true. You need to cross the border to Russia and it may happen that you and the customs officer do not come along in a perfect way. This paper will tell the story of how things should or should not be arranged in the changing legislative atmosphere of Russian Federation. Russian Federation is here only as one example as similar practices can be found also elsewhere on this globe.
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Bhat, Raj Nath. "Language, Culture and History: Towards Building a Khmer Narrative." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.3-2.
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Genetic and geological studies reveal that following the melting of snows 22,000 years ago, the post Ice-age Sundaland peoples’ migrations as well as other peoples’ migrations spread the ancestors of the two distinct ethnic groups Austronesian and Austroasiatic to various East and South–East Asian countries. Some of the Austroasiatic groups must have migrated to Northeast India at a later date, and whose descendants are today’s Munda-speaking people of Northeast, East and Southcentral India. Language is the store-house of one’s ancestral knowledge, the community’s history, its skills, customs, rituals and rites, attire and cuisine, sports and games, pleasantries and sorrows, terrain and geography, climate and seasons, family and neighbourhoods, greetings and address-forms and so on. Language loss leads to loss of social identity and cultural knowledge, loss of ecological knowledge, and much more. Linguistic hegemony marginalizes and subdues the mother-tongues of the peripheral groups of a society, thereby the community’s narratives, histories, skills etc. are erased from their memories, and fabricated narratives are created to replace them. Each social-group has its own norms of extending respect to a hearer, and a stranger. Similarly there are social rules of expressing grief, condoling, consoling, mourning and so on. The emergence of nation-states after the 2nd World War has made it imperative for every social group to build an authentic, indigenous narrative with intellectual rigour to sustain itself politically and ideologically and progress forward peacefully. The present essay will attempt to introduce variants of linguistic-anthropology practiced in the West, and their genesis and importance for the Asian speech communities. An attempt shall be made to outline a Khymer narrative with inputs from Khymer History, Art and Architecture, Agriculture and Language, for the scholars to take into account, for putting Cambodia on the path to peace, progress and development.
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ZHANG, YUSHUANG. "THE FUNCTION OF INHERITING TRADITIONAL CULTURE IN CHINESE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE." In 2023 9TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SOCIAL SCIENCE. Destech Publications, Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/isss2023/36053.
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China has a history of five thousand years, in the long river of history to retain a lot of excellent culture, affecting the generations. Under the background of the new era, China is striving for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, so the excellent traditional culture cannot be forgotten by time but should be passed on continuously. In recent years, with the development of society and the progress of science and technology, the exchanges between countries in the world have become more and more close. In this process, different cultures also blend and collide with each other. China's traditional culture has experienced thousands of years of development, in the new era today has also ushered in a new hope of development. The inheritance of traditional culture mainly depends on three ways, namely: literature, traditional customs and traditional festivals. Specifically, traditional culture relies more on literary forms to inherit and develop. Therefore, the major of Chinese language and literature bears the responsibility of inheriting traditional culture and is also an important part of promoting the development of traditional culture. Chinese language and literature gather the wisdom of ancient, modern, modern and contemporary literati. In the process of learning Chinese language and literature, we can understand the customs and culture. Therefore, this paper takes Chinese language and literature as the entry point to study the function of inheriting traditional culture in Chinese language and literature.
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Neagu, Laurentiumarian, Mihai Dascalu, Stefan Trausanmatu, Eugen Simion, and Lucian Chisu. "AUTOMATED MODELING OF ROMANIAN LITERARY TRENDS IN HISTORY USING TOPICS OVER TIME AND CO-OCCURENCES." In eLSE 2020. University Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-20-019.
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The Chronology of Romanian Literary Life (also referred to as CVLR) is an ambitious effort conducted by the "G. C?linescu" Institute of Literary History and Theory to present the most important literature-related events from Romania, covering a period of 50 years, starting with World War II up until the beginning of the 3rd century. Our work aims to capture the evolution of trends in the Romanian literary space using a custom LDA topic model, focused also on the changes in the structure of topics across time, as well as the relations between the topics. In the Trends Over Time approach, the discovery of topics is related not only to the co-occurrences of words, but also to the timestamps associated to events (temporal information). Our results depicting the dynamics of trends over time are interesting both from an e-learning perspective, but also from literary and historical perspectives. Patterns of co-occurrences are discovered and visualizations of the topics' evolution in time are introduced to provide valuable insights from CVLR. Moreover, topic entropy is used to assess the diversity of ideas covered by a topic. The obtained results are promising, reflecting the most important historical periods and the evolution of trends in a coherent manner in relation to the historical events. By showing trends dynamics over time is interesting both from an eLearning perspective and from Literary and Historical perspective. Our study represents a solid foundation for further analyses on Romanian literary events by relying on automated models grounded in advanced Natural Language Processing techniques.
Reports on the topic "Manners and customs – History"
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Lawson, T. M., and S. A. Erickson. History and Status of the CIS Customs Union. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/792428.
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Ffrench-Davis, Ricardo, and Robert Devlin. Towards an Evaluation of Regional Integration in Latin America in the 1990s. Inter-American Development Bank, December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011085.
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The decade of the 1990s has witnessed a wave of regional integration initiatives in Latin America: more than 14 agreements -free trade areas or customs unions- since 1990 with a handful more in varying degrees of negotiation (see Table 1). However, this was not just a Latin American phenomenon, as regionalism has more than ever become a global trend (Mistry [1996]). Indeed, now Japan, South Korea and Hong Kong are the only World Trade Organization (WTO) members which are not signatories to at least one preferential trade agreement (WTO [1995]). Regional integration is not new to Latin America. Economic integration played an important role in the region¿s early Post-War economic history. The 1960s and 1970s saw a number of very ambitious initiatives inspired by the successful Western European experience (Ffrench-Davis, Muñoz and Palma [1994]). Indeed, at its peak in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the topic of integration was hard to avoid in the discussion of Latin American development. However, disillusionment with integration processes had clearly set in by the late 1970s and the discussion of regional integration was all but silenced by the external crisis of the early 1980s.