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Соні, Доллар, and Агравал Ануша. "Traditions, manners and customs of India, interesting facts." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2019. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/77275.
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India is a striking land with centuries of history and an amazing
cultural heritage. This is a huge country in South Asia with a diverse relief:
on its territory are located both the mountain peaks of the Himalayas, as
well as the coast of the Indian Ocean. India is the seventh largest and
second largest country in the world, which occupies most of the Hindustan
peninsula and is the cradle of ancient civilizations and religions. India is an
original and original country. For the traveler who has come here for the
first time, it will be interesting and useful to learn some interesting
traditions of India. In this country, respect for traditions is very
enthusiastic, they pass it from generation to generation, and ignorance or
violation of any tradition of India can even be regarded as a crime.
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Homick, Alexandra Victoria. "An exploration of gift giving re-gifting as a gift-giving behavior /." Greensboro, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2007. http://libres.uncg.edu/edocs/etd/1425/umi-uncg-1425.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2007.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 22, 2007). Directed by Barbara Dyer; submitted to the School of Human Environmental Sciences. Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-70).
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Tosun, Neşe Ceren. "Performing home : à la Turca foodscapes in London." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/110344/.
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The research at hand investigates how home is performed through foodscapes by focusing on the Turkish speaking communities in London. It is based on the premises that food has a strong connection to not just where home is, but how it manifests itself at different scales and registers of food activities in the ‘here and now’ of so-called migrant communities. Home is therefore taken as an act of dwelling that is both constitutive of and constituted by the specificities of the site of habitation. Based on Ingold’s conceptualisation of dwelling perspective, the research argues that the migrant skills deployed around food are trained and practiced in response to the environment of habitation (1993, 2000) as opposed to being imported as innate skills from the country of origin. Explored through the acts of eating, cooking, serving, sharing, celebrating and talking about food puissantly problematises the frameworks of host & guest migrants and home & host nations. Reflecting upon the constitution of home through food therefore has a double function: it liberates migrant homes from the geographical dominance of a past country where they are from and at the same time recognises the site-specific manifestations of their skills “within the current of their involved activity, in the specific relational contexts of their practical engagement with their surroundings” (Ingold 2000, p. 186). The economic, social, cultural and affective mobilisations of the members of Turkish Speaking Community in London display the dynamism and heterogeneity that is inherent to both food and home. The variety of the ways in which the ethnically and linguistically diverse members of this vaguely framed group relate to themselves, to each other, to the city and to the larger discourses of community and nation are explored in this research through performative and multi-sited ethnographic tools. From shopping together with the participants for the dinner ingredients to formal interview settings, from cooking along to temporarily managing an eating out establishment, practicing with and within the contexts of the participants contributed to the knowledge formation for this research. Three interrelated yet distinct foodscape clusters emerged out of this research: Restaurants, British Kebab Awards and the households. The term foodscape here aims at encapsulating the multiscalar, interconnected, always in-the-making and at times inconsistent practices and discourses that emerge in each of these sites. Even though all ethnographic encounters took place in London, in a seemingly singular site, the research gained a multi-sited character due to the different power dynamics, ethnographic requirements, and different imaginaries offered by each of these clusters. These three registers, in their heterogeneity, show that home, looked especially through the lens of food, appears to be re-creative, generative, tactical, site-specific, and multifold series of dwelling acts, rather than being the geographical elsewhere of a migrant. By means of food, the migrant becomes the skillful dweller, and London becomes home.
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Stewart, Frances Louise. "The sweet banquet in early modern England." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33750/.
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In early modern England, the ‘banquet’ was a distinct meal type consisted solely of confectionery and fruit, accompanied by alcoholic distilled waters and wine. This dining practice has thus far received little scholarly attention, and this thesis provides the first full study of the sweet banquet. It takes account of a wide range of primary sources, including visual and material culture, architecture, household papers, inventories and literature in tracing the development of the banquet at court and its dissemination to the nobility, gentry and ‘middling’ sorts. That the practice of banqueting was ubiquitous at this time is a major new finding. The banquet is revealed to have fulfilled a range of well-defined social functions. An important element of court ceremony under both Henry VIII and Elizabeth I, it expressed contemporary ideas about kingship and articulated England’s place on a European stage. From the mid sixteenth century, the banquet is shown to have been central to elite sociability beyond the court. It was an important indicator of group membership, and a key site for relationship building and the demonstration of social status. Close attention to primary sources reveals that the banquet was intended as a recreation of the ancient symposium, a new finding which undermines the widely held assumption that Tudor visual culture did not engage with the continental renaissance. Finally the gendered nature of the banquet is considered in relation to feminist theory. This sheds new light on the relationship between public and private in early modern England, the gendered nature of space within the country house, and the extent to which feminine agency was possible in a patriarchal society. Overall, this study of the banquet is indicative of the value of studying ephemeral cultural practices, and the wide range of insights that this can generate.
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Costa, Granell Xavier. "Sociability and the public sphere in the Fallas of Valencia." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/71202/.
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This thesis is an empirical study of the sociability and the public sphere in the Festival of the Fallas of Valencia (Mediterranean Spain). It argues (a) that festive traditions are not necessarily opposed to modernity but may be successfully interwoven with present-day experience, (b) that festive traditions have a 'festive sociability' which is 'reflexive' and (c) that this reflexivity generates a distinctive public sphere. Extensive interviews, participant observation and involvement in the work of several Fallas show that they are community associations which permanently deploy festive sociability in preparing an annual Festivity which reaches its climax between the 15th and 19th of March. These communities are widespread throughout the Valencian Region and beyond. There are 750 associations which, in the City of Valencia alone, have more than 100,000 members. Their main objective is to construct the gigantic satirical and artistic monuments which are burned on the night of the 19th of March in celebration of St. Joseph's Day. A network of close families and groups of friends are the main agents of the festive tradition of the Fallas; and the core mechanisms for transmitting it across space and time are play, humour, comensalism and 'festive work'. The tradition is flexible enough to link its permanent festive sociability with modem institutions such as schools or the City Council and rich enough to include modem economics, administration and voluntary associationalism in its community based action. This festive sociability makes selective use of forms of modem, critical reflexivity which feed into its corresponding public sphere, thereby preserving and modernising a form of European popular culture heavily influenced by Carnival. Fallas' sociable debates, their reflexive relation with the mass media, their satirical and critical parades with fancy dress and their satirical, artistic and ephemeral monuments are the centre of this public sphere. It incorporates modern experiences into a tradition which structures its social criticism in terms of myths and the symbols of the grotesque body.
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Li, Meng. "An investigation of home cooking practices to deal with food-related anxieties in China : issues of embodiment and intergenerational transmission." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/40282/.
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In recent decades, many Chinese have experienced changes in their eating as a result of a shift from food shortages to an expansion of food markets. Many urban Chinese make choices from a variety of food, and food safety incidents frequently reported in the media have raised consumer concerns with food quality and the potential effects of foods on human health. Meanwhile, some urban dwellers worry about overweight, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and other health threats as a result of, for example, diets that are high in fats and sugar. Some studies have examined how consumers respond to food-related anxieties in China. These studies have suggested that they may change their eating or shopping patterns and rely on external indicators such as, brands and vendor types. A number of these studies are based on quantitative calculations of patterns of participants’ behaviours or perceptions. However, they pay little attention to how ordinary people experience and deal with food-related anxieties. Moreover, individuals seem to be passive and dependent on institutional efforts to control food-related anxieties. With the use of interview and participant observation data, this research analyses how participants deal with the food-related anxieties they experience in everyday life through their daily food and eating practices. The research demonstrates participants’ activity to deal with their food safety and health concerns in light of Mauss’s (1973) concept of ‘body techniques’, and de Certeau’s (1984) discussion of ‘strategies’ and ‘tactics’. By drawing on Mauss’s (1973) concept, the study offers an understanding of food-related anxieties and the practice of home cooking to deal with those anxieties through the perspective of embodiment. My research also challenges the existing literature which suggests ordinary people are passive and subject to institutional strategies to deal with food-related anxieties. With reference to Mauss (1973) and de Certeau (1984), participants have agency to respond to food safety and health concerns according to their acquired eating habits and the social circumstances to which they belong. The findings suggest that participants tactically use embodied knowledge and techniques of home cooking transmitted across generations to deal with food safety and health concerns in contemporary China.
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Markiewicz, Emma. "Hair, wigs and wig wearing in eighteenth-century England." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/66909/.
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This thesis explores the period of prominence experienced by wigs and wig wearing in England from the late seventeenth to the latter decades of the eighteenth century. Its primary focus is the ‘raw material’ from which wigs were made: human hair. Being produced from a part of the body placed wigs in a unique position as fashionable items. The act of ‘making’ a wig entailed taking a natural entity growing on the head, and turning it into an intrinsically unnatural artefact. ‘Wearing’ a wig meant for the wearer to invest time in shaving or cutting his own hair. Questions about why this became such an important and fashionable practice are explored here by starting with the hair itself, a topic not generally considered by the extensive literature on eighteenth-century wigs and wig-wearing. My thesis highlights the diverse functions a wig could fulfil, by presenting hair in the context of eighteenth-century understanding of medicine and the body. These functions included protecting the wearer from the elements and potential contagion, projecting a more healthy or youthful appearance, and marking status or profession. This thesis considers how hair - as part of the body - became a highly desirable commodity, and the moral and physical implications this entailed. The physicality of the raw material affected those who traded in human hair and made a living out of producing wigs, as well as those who wore wigs that defined their public image. This thesis challenges existing work, which has tended to focus on gender and dress, by emphasising the connection of hair to the body and how this was translated into the conspicuous fashion for wigs.
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Chalmers, Claire. "Regulatory compliance in Scotland's tattooing and cosmetic body piercing industry : a concurrent mixed methods study." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2011. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/4361.
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The objective of any regulation is to realise the goal(s) that justified its intervention. One means of demonstrating this is to determine the extent of regulatory compliance. This study intended to determine the extent of regulatory compliance with the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982 (Licensing of skin piercing and tattooing) Order 2006 in Scotland's tattooing and cosmetic body piercing industry. Implemented in Scotland in 2006, its aim was to minimise risk to health from skin piercing and tattooing. Philosophically underpinned by pragmatism, a concurrent mixed methods study was undertaken. All 220 practitioners and 78 enforcers engaging with this regulation across Scotland were invited to participate. Through analysis and interpretation of data from semi-structured questionnaires (n=107, 36%), qualitative focused interviews (n=35) and non-participant observations (n=8), users' experiences of regulatory implementation were explored and explained, to more fully understand regulatory compliance. Integrative analysis and interpretation of this study's mixed methods data determined neither substantive compliance (compliance with the collective goals of regulation) nor rule compliance (compliance with the regulatory standards) had been achieved following implementation of this new regulation. The existence of a significant level of shared activity between practitioners and enforcers during regulatory implementation was however established, where partnership working had derived from the ‘specialist' nature of industry practice. Consequently, it was deduced that ‘compliance' (defined in this context as ‘doing what was asked to conform to the law') poorly reflected the events of regulatory implementation. Instead, ‘concordance' has been discerned as the primary activity. The concept of concordance as ‘working towards agreement' more accurately depicted the experiences of practitioners and enforcers during the process of regulatory implementation. Subsequently, the extent of ‘concordance' was determined: The divergent attitudes/ experiences on the consistency of regulatory implementation and its ability to achieve its aim, coupled with the ambiguous understanding of ‘risk to health' and converse working perspectives of practitioners and enforcers led to the conclusion that goal concordance (agreement on the collective goal(s) of the regulation) had not been achieved. On the other hand, despite evidence of apparent inadequacies and omissions in industry practices, practitioner and enforcer confidence in industry infection control practices led to the conclusion that rule concordance (agreement on the regulatory standards to be met) had been achieved. From these collective findings, a ‘Specialist Industry Concordance-Compliance Model' was developed to explain the achievements of practitioners and enforcers as a result of implementing new regulation/ meeting regulatory requirements within a specialist industry. Complementing rather than conflicting with existing literature, this study offers ‘concordance' as an alternative and/or intermediate output of regulatory implementation, explaining the process by which practitioners and enforcers implement new regulation/meet regulatory requirements within a specialist industry. Moreover, the study findings provide a framework to support better understanding of the potential output from implementation, monitoring and review of regulatory interventions, frequently associated with sub-optimal compliance. In turn, through combined understanding of concordance and compliance, the design of good regulation can be promoted, thereby facilitating maximum reduction in risk/ risk to health through regulatory intervention.
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Etherington, James Edward. "The sociology of a recurrent ceremonial drama : Lewes Guy Fawkes night, 1800-1913." n.p, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Brennan, Michael. "Mourning identities : Hillsborough, Diana and the production of meaning." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2003. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/50750/.
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‘Mourning Identities: Hillsborough, Diana and the Production of Meaning’ explores the meaning-making processes which contributed to the widespread public mourning that followed the Hillsborough stadium disaster of 1989 and the death of Princess Diana in 1997. It does so by the textual analysis of a sample of the public condolence books signed following these events and by drawing upon autobiographical stories related to each of them produced using the method known as ‘memory work’. Drawing upon a variety of theoretical frameworks, including psychoanalytic, poststructuralist and Bakhtinian influenced dialogics, it suggests that a range of social identities were ‘hailed’ and discursively mobilised in the public mourning events that followed the Hillsborough disaster and the death of Princess Diana. It further suggests that identification is an indispensable and precursory aspect of public mourning, which is summoned and given shape by epistolary and narrative practices of the self. Public mourning of the sort considered here is theorised along two principal lines: the iconic and the totemic. The former, it is argued, can be seen to relate to the largely feminine global structures of feeling through which the public mourning for Princess Diana were articulated, whilst the latter can be seen to relate to the largely masculine local structures of feeling through which the public mourning following the Hillsborough disaster were configured. In turn, it suggests that aspects of resistance to the public mourning following each of the events considered as case studies here can in themselves be considered as aspects of mourning, albeit for something other than the obvious referents of loss during these events. It further points to the situated social identity of the researcher as both instrumental not only to the motivation for, but to the outcomes of social research.
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Mirrington, Alexander. "Transformations of identity and society in Essex, c.AD 400-1066." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13443/.
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This study examines the archaeological reflections of group identity and socio-economic networks in the region of Essex and London in the Anglo-Saxon period, between c.400 and 1066. Given its location in the south-east of England, Essex was a key zone of socio-political interaction during the early medieval period. This doctoral research has brought together the stray and excavated archaeological material from the region for the first time. The thesis presented here is centred on diachronic, quantified distributional analyses of three key material culture classes: dress accessories, pottery, and coinage. The discussion synthesises the results of these analyses, examining the observed patterns within their broader archaeological context. The thesis reveals the emergence of a hybrid dress style in the 5th and 6th centuries. This appears to have been actively created in Essex to reflect a diverse cultural inheritance, but not a specific ethnic identity. However, from the mid-7th century these styles were rejected in favour of dynamic fashions, reflecting the maritime focus of the region, and especially links with the Merovingian/Carolingian Continent. From the later 9th century, Scandinavian dress and cultural practice are also apparent, particularly in north Essex This Continental orientation reflects the emergence and transformation of the North Sea network. The engagement of Essex communities with this network is studied in detail in this thesis. The coinage and pottery analyses reveal the emergence of several exchange hubs along the North Sea coast, as well as a generalized engagement with long-distance exchange among coastal communities. This system was disrupted, but not destroyed, by the Vikings, who linked Essex with wider Scandinavian networks. However, the long-term pattern shows the decline of coastal sites in favour of urban centres from the later 9th century.
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Kilmartin, James G. "Popular rejoicing and public ritual in Norwich and Coventry, 1660-c1835." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1987. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/97287/.
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This thesis is about popular rejoicing and public ritual in Norwich and Coventry from the Restoration of Charles II in 1660 to the Reform of the Municipal Corporations in 1835. It is distinctive in at least two ways; first in its attention to the local context, and second in its examination of public festivity as a separate, but not an isolated, cultural form. Previous studies of the subject have generally looked at rejoicing and ritual as but one strand of a larger, fairly amorphous, popular culture and done so on a national or even a continental level. The study is divided into three parts. The first is largely descriptive; an account of the festive events, whether on the annual holiday calendar or not, which took place in Norwich and Coventry at or about 1750. This not only sets the scene for the analysis which follows, it also indicates the extent to which rejoicing and ritual was subject to social, political and economic change. That this was so will become clear in the second part of this study which identifies the three major developments to affect the conduct of and attitudes to public festivity at Norwich and Coventry in this period; commercialisation, political change and the divergence of polite and plebeian cultures. The extent to which the impact of these developments varied between the two cities is also explored in this section, as it is in part three of the thesis which is made of two case studies, one of the Norwich Guild and the other of the Coventry Show Fair. The very different form and fortune of these two events will be seen to confirm the importance of studying rejoicing and ritual in relation to the most immediate context in which it was performed.
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Jackson, Victoria Ann. "The material culture and social practice of dining in England, c.1550-c.1670." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5839/.
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This thesis provides the first sustained study of the material culture of dining among the gentry and ‘middling sort’ in early modern England. It focuses on the religious and ritual significance of the shared dining experience, interrogating the role objects played in engendering domestic commensality. The project establishes that through their material properties and ritualized uses, objects such as salt-cellars, eating utensils and banqueting trenchers, were essential instruments in the construction and communication of personal and social identities. I argue that developments in the material paraphernalia of dining functioned to create a sense of continuity and community during this period of profound religious and social change. Chapter One applies the anthropological theory of ‘distributed personhood’ to salt-cellars, offering new insights into why salts were considered particularly effective objects for conveying identity. Chapter Two draws connections between eating utensils and significant moments in the life cycle and argues that utensils could have strong ‘personal’ associations, which commemorated essential rites of passage and functioned as perpetual reminders of familial ties. Chapter Three investigates banqueting trenchers as tools for sociability and collective spiritual contemplation and examines how their visual and material qualities required a specific ‘performance’ from diners. As a whole, the thesis provides a framework for interpreting a neglected body of historical artefacts and it contributes new knowledge about how specific types of crafted objects communicated identity within the context of ritualized social activities.
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Reynolds, Rebecca Virginia. "Food for the soul : the dynamics of fishing and fish consumption in Anglo-Saxon England, c. A.D. 410-1066." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29001/.
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The taste for fish in England and the British Isles as a whole has fluctuated on several occasions and understanding the reasons behind these changes is vital, especially in light of the great importance fish held in later medieval diet and society. The beginnings of marine fishing have usually been thought to lie in the late Anglo-Saxon period and are believed to lie with economic changes. Indeed, most studies of fish in archaeology have centred around economic approaches. However it is extremely unlikely for economics to have been the sole reason. This thesis will attempt to fill in the gap currently extant in early medieval fish studies by taking a multidisciplinary approach to exploring the character of fishing and fish consumption in Anglo-Saxon England. Zooarchaeological data alongside isotope evidence, artefactual, structural and textual will be considered together to explore not just economic but also social factors, in effect, exploring the dynamics of fishing and fish consumption. This multidisciplinary approach will also hopefully highlight the fact that fish cannot just be studied in isolation; to gain a full understanding of the implications freshwater and marine fishing will have on communities and society as a whole all aspects of fishing must be considered.
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Friesen, Layton Boyd. "Seditions, confusions and tumult sixteenth century Anabaptism as a threat to public order /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.
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Maddra, Sam Ann. "'Hostiles' : the Lakota Ghost Dance and the 1891-92 tour of Britain by Buffalo Bill's Wild West." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3973/.
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This dissertation concentrates on both the Lakota Ghost Dance of 1890 and on Buffalo Bill’s Wild West from 1890 through to 1892, exploring the nature, the significance and the consequence of their interaction at this particularly crucial time in American Indian history. The association of William F. Cody’s Wild West with the Lakota Ghost Dance has produced evidence that offers a new insight into the religion in South Dakota. Further, it questions the traditional portrayal of the Lakota Ghost Dance, which maintains that the leaders ‘perverted’ Wovoka’s doctrine of peace into one of war. It is clear that his traditional interpretation has been based upon primary source material derived from the testimony of those who had actively worked to suppress the religion. In contrast sources narrated by Short Bull, a prominent Lakota Ghost Dancer, demonstrate that it has been a peaceful religion combining white religion and culture with traditional Lakota ones, and as such was an example of Lakota accommodation. At the same time as the Ghost Dance was sweeping across the western Indian reservations, Buffalo Bill’s Wild West faced a crisis over its continued success. When William F. Cody and his Wild West’s Indian performers were forced to return from their tour of Continental Europe to refute charges of mistreatment and neglect, they became involved in the suppression of the Lakota ghost Dance. In consequence those Ghost Dancers removed and confined to fort Sheridan, Illinois were then released into Cody’s custody. Ironically, the closest these Ghost Dancers got to armed rebellion was when they played the role of ‘Hostiles’ in the Wile West’s arena. This research reveals some of the different forms of accommodation employed by the Lakota to deal with the demands of the dominant society at the close of the nineteenth century. The Ghost Dance and the Wild West shows presented the Lakota with various alternatives to the dependency that the government’s Indian policy had brought about, while also enabling them to retain their Indian identity. As such Indian policymakers viewed both the Ghost Dance and the Wild West shows to be a threat to their programmes of assimilation, which they perceived to be the Indians only route towards independence.
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Barrett, Carla. "Queering the home : the domestic labour of LGBTQ couples in contemporary England." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/384996/.
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許子濱 and Tzu-pin Hsu. "A critical study of the ritual elements in Yang Bojun's (1909-1992) Chunqiu Zuozhuan Zhu." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31237046.
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Love, Dennis Henry. "Identifying attitudes leading to a feeling of global citizenship : a mixed methods study of Saudi students studying English in higher education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/63381/.
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This study is a mixed methods approach, consisting of a questionnaire and narrative interviews that opened the opportunity to investigate motivation in KSA by employing a post-positivist stance. This study is specifically aimed at investigating the attitudes and perceptions underpinning the motivation of Saudi students studying English in higher education. This study was limited to male students studying English in a preparatory programme at a private university in the Eastern Provence of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The scope of this study was to identify social, cultural, personal and emotional factors that underpinned the attitudes and perceptions of Saudi students studying English in higher education and thereby this study established a foundation for motivational studies in Saudi Arabia. In addition, this study established a first time approach to employ the Dialogical Self Theory to triangulate data between multiple methods so that the interpretation and analysis of data could lead to expanding the previous definitions of integrative and instrumental orientations of motivated behaviour in motivation and SLA studies. Furthermore, this study established DST's debut in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The advantage of employing DST in this study was to ensure as much as possible that the voices of the research participants were genuinely reflected in the analysis and interpretation of data. In accordance with the literature search during this research, this study marks the first attempt to describe the constructs of a motivational profile of Saudi students studying English in higher education. The data suggested that Saudis demonstrated strong adherences to cultural and social supportive positions associated with or intertwined with high religious values toward constructing their self-identities. However, there are at least two succinct strategies that the students employ to lessen their internal social power struggles between their local selves and their reaching out to the global community that communicates in English with their global selves. The group that was less likely to reach outwards to the global community and feel being a part of it generated strategies around various degrees of strict cultural compliance to achieve feelings of safety within the self's society of the mind. The participants who were more likely to feel global through employing English constructed strategies and plans around hybrid-models within their self-identity to balance their desire to be part of the world community and to be true to their desire of compliance to cultural values. Students who were less likely to feel a belonging to the global community were more influenced by internal factors such as: a fear of assimilation and a fear losing Arab identity, which led to constructing strategies aimed at a greater adherence to cultural compliance. In addition, this study utilized Sullivan's (2010) theory that Vygotsky's (1978) dialectic understanding of juxtaposed positions and Bakhtin's (1984) dialogical understanding of vertically regulated values are not mutually exclusive, rather mutually inclusive. The result was that motivation can be imagined as a dynamic 3-D construction occurring within a certain context with other. This research employed a 29 item motivational questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale constructed by using formerly employed themes that were shown to have had a greater impact on motivation and language acquisition. This study is unique as it triangulated quantitative data with narrative interviews by allowing common themes formerly associated with motivation and SLA to be expanded by the participants voices, which not only expanded some definitions formerly associated with motivation and SLA, but also subjected them to the refutability. This study concluded that effort and self-confidence were the attributes that most likely underpinned the construction of a hybrid model of the self, which opened opportunities of English acquisition both within the classroom setting and outside of it. Those who were less likely to feel a belonging to the global community that communicates in English were more likely to construct strategies around local Arab traditions and were shown to have to a greater fear of integrating themselves into international scenarios related to English use. Through triangulating multiple data sources, it was possible to assess the values students attached between their internal and external positions at four distinct levels: cultural, social, personal and emotional.
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Bui, Ngoc Thi Quynh. "Accomodating traditions of hospitality in a tourist region : the Mekong Delta, Vietnam." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8593/.
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While there has been a significant focus on how hospitality was commodified, commercialised and standardised in the literature, less attention is given to the extent of which local traditions and hospitality change and adapt to the demand of tourists. Through an empirically grounded investigation, this thesis at micro-level gives an insight to how local hospitality and traditions in Mekong Delta (Vietnam) transform in homestay practice under the pressure of tourism development. Normally, the local traditions and hospitality are offered by the host and experienced by the guests. However by focusing on contact zone, the settings and decoration of homestays, this thesis shows this mechanism in Mekong Delta is not one way but a dynamic process. The guests do not only passively receive but also have influences on what the hosts can offer. In fact, the homestay providers have capitalised on what tourists want to see. As consequence, local traditions and hospitality are changing and subject to re-invention to adapt to legal requirements, tourists demands, and social context. Ironically, tourists are using homestay believing they are experiencing true Vietnamese culture, while actually the local Vietnamese people are changing their traditional home styles and behaviour to accommodate the tourists.
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Hammond, Lynne J. "An investigation of micro-business management practices and their links to competitiveness in emerging fashion businesses." Thesis, University of Kent, 2006. http://www.research.ucreative.ac.uk/id/eprint/1083.
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Britain produces some of the best designers in the world, and UK fashion education systems provide a continuous flow of exceptional talent into the industry. However, the numbers of British designer brands being created are low in comparison to the high number of graduates being educated. Often fashion start-ups are not able to sustain a presence in the market place after their intial entry, and are not able to realise and recognise their growth potential.
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Gray, Marianne. "'Man is a dining animal' : the archaeology of the English at table, c.1750-1900." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2009. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/1366/.
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This study investigates the role of gender and, within that, class in changing English dining styles in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The period c.1750-1900 has been chosen to cover a major period for dining change, as it is during this time that service à la Russe superseded service à la Française as the dominant formal dining style. This change has been much discussed by food historians and sociologists, but the materiality of change has not hitherto been placed within an archaeologically-informed framework. Equally, while the artefacts of dining are among the most frequently recorded finds in domestic contexts in the historical period, archaeologists have rarely considered them in the context of long-term dining development. Drawing on data from country houses, collections, and published material on middle class and elite settings, this thesis investigates the hypothesis that dining change was driven by women, specifically middle class wives; and that dining-related ephemera must therefore be understood in its relationship with women. It also proposes a narrative of stylistic change using historical archaeological paradigms, introducing the concept of a third, clearly identifiable stage between à la Française and à la Russe. After introducing the data sets and giving a background to dining in the historical period, the first part of the study uses table plans and etiquette, together with depictions of dishes, food moulds and experimental archaeology in the form of historic cookery, to demonstrate the way in which the process of change was driven by middle class women. It argues that à la Russe suited gender and class-specific needs and that, far from being emulative, as has hitherto been assumed, the adaption of à la Russe broke with aristocratic habits. It proposes that a transitional stage in dining style should be recognised, and interprets food design and serving style in the light of this intermediate phase. The setting of dining is explored next, with data on dining décor, plates and physical location interpreted to support the conclusions of the previous section. Following this, the impact of change on food preparation will be used to demonstrate that à la Russe was the result of changes in underlying mentalities which also affected household structure and organisation. The ways women used the materiality of food, including cookbooks, to negotiate status will be demonstrated. A final section will broaden the discussion of gender, class and food. Tea has been chosen as a case study for the further testing of the conclusions drawn from the study of dinner for two reasons: firstly it was, from its introduction, immediately associated with women; and, secondly, tea-related artefacts are among the commonest of archaeological finds, but are rarely understood as engendered and active objects in a domestic context.
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Wallis, Lucy. "An exploration of the work of David Bintley, a very 'English' choreographer, with particular reference to his use of English Morris dance in Still Life at the Penguin Café and the process of translating 'genuine' English Morris dance to a theatrical environment." Thesis, City, University of London, 2010. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/17616/.
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The study explores the work of the English choreographer and Director of the Birmingham Royal Ballet, David Bintley. Particular reference is made to Bintley’s ballet Still Life at the Penguin Café (1988) and the extent to which he has drawn from English Cotswold Morris dance in the Humboldt’s Hog-nosed Skunk Flea section of the ballet. The comparison between Bintley’s selection of movements and their traditional Morris dance counterparts is based on findings from extensive fieldwork conducted with Morris dance teams and in particular the Ravensbourne Morris Men of Keston in Kent, as well as a study of Bintley’s creative practice. The research draws from ethnographic modes of study including participant observation, embodiment and notions of reflexivity. Following an analysis of the results from the creation and performance of a more authentically ‘Morris’ version of Bintley’s dance for eight female dancers, entitled Still Life at the Folk Café, the study offers a series of recommendations for the translation of English Morris into a theatrical setting. The thesis is divided into six chapters. The first explores the methods involved in the development of the analytical model for the study, including those of the Hungarian scholars György Martin and Erno Pesovár during their folk dance research in the Upper-Tisza region of Hungry, and the categorisation of the various aspects of Morris dance using Morris dancer Lionel Bacon's motif catalogue, A handbook of Morris dances. It also reviews the work of folk dance theorists such as John Forrest and Chris Bearman. The second chapter discusses the concept of Englishness to define the importance of the English ballet tradition as advocated from 1926 by the founder of the Royal Ballet, Dame Ninette De Valois. It looks at Bintley's influences, ideological inheritance, creative process and place as a protector of the English ballet tradition. Chapter three focuses on the fieldwork conducted with the Ravensbourne Morris Men, and compares Bintley’s movements in Humboldt’s Hog-nosed Skunk Flea dance with their counterparts from the Cotswold Morris tradition. Chapter four details the practice based element of the research and analyses the findings from a series of Morris dance workshops in which the eight female dancers representing the field of professional dance were introduced to the Morris dance form. It also investigates the results from the creation and performance of Still Life at the Folk Café. Chapter five discusses the benefits of conducting a workshop with the Ravensbourne Morris dance team and some of the dancers involved in the performance process. Finally chapter six explores the conclusions drawn from the research and explains how choreographers or dancers wishing to work with Morris dance should immerse themselves in the source language of its practitioners, and draw from aspects of the tradition in rehearsals and performances in order to extend their choreological and physical vocabulary and attain the stylistic and social qualities associated with the dance form. These aspects include working with live musical accompaniment, using the performance space informally to maintain close interaction with the audience and challenging the dancer’s personal response to their own movement style.
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Whelan, Fiona Elizabeth. "Morals and manners in twelfth-century England : 'Urbanus Magnus' and courtesy literature." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4ccb50b9-7e0e-49c8-b9c5-104dfefa3fea.
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This thesis investigates the twelfth-century Latin poem entitled Urbanus magnus or 'The Book of the Civilised Man', attributed to Daniel of Beccles. This is a poem dedicated to the cultivation of a civilised life, aimed primarily at clerics although its use extends to nobility, and specifically the noble householder. This thesis focuses on the text as a primary source for an understanding of social life in medieval England, and uses the content of the text to explore issues such as the medieval household, social hierarchy, the body, and food and diet. Urbanus magnus is commonly referred to as a 'courtesy text'. This thesis seeks to understand Urbanus magnus outside of that attribution, and to situate the text in the context of twelfth and thirteenth-century England. Thus far, scholarship of courtesy literature has focused on later texts such as thirteenth-century vernacular 'courtesy texts' or humanist works as exemplified by Erasmus's De civilitate morum puerilium. This scholarship looks back to the twelfth century and sees texts such as Urbanus magnus as 'early Latin courtesy texts'. This teleological view relegates such earlier texts to positions at the genesis of the genre and blindly assumes that they belong to the corpus of 'courtesy literature'. This neglects both their individual importance and their respective origins. This thesis examines Urbanus magnus as a didactic text which contains elements of 'courtesy literature', but also displays moral and ethical concerns. At the heart of the thesis is the question: should Urbanus magnus be considered as part of the genre of courtesy literature? This question does not have a simple answer, but this thesis shows that some elements and sections of Urbanus magnus do conform to the characteristics of courtesy literature. However, there are further sections that reflect other literary traditions. In addition to morals and ethics, Urbanus magus reflects other genres such as satire, and also reveals social issues in twelfth-century England such as the rise of anti-curiale sentiment and resentment of upward social mobility. This thesis provides an examination of Urbanus magnus through the most prevalent themes in the text. Firstly, it explores the dynamics of the medieval household, along with issues such as social mobility and hierarchy. Secondly, it focuses on the depiction of the body and bodily restraint, covering topics such as speech, bodily emissions, and sexual activity. Thirdly, it discusses food and diet, including table manners, food consumption, and dietary effects of foodstuffs. The penultimate chapter looks at the manuscript dissemination of the text to investigate the different uses which Urbanus magnus found in subsequent centuries. The delineation of Urbanus magnus as part of the genre of courtesy literature ignores the social, cultural, and literary impact on the creation of the text. In response, this thesis has two aims. The first is to minimise the notion of genre, and treat Urbanus magnus as a text in its own right, and as a product of the twelfth century. The second shows that Urbanus magnus reflects both continuity and change in society in England following the Norman Conquest.
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Perriam, Geraldine. ""Impudent scribblers" : place and the unlikely heroines of the interwar years." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2515/.
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The central focus of this thesis is the storytelling of place and the place of storytelling. These elements comprise the geoliterary terrains of narrative, the cultural matrix in which texts are sited, produced and received, including the lifeworld of the author. The texts under scrutiny in this research have been written by women during the interwar years of the 20th Century in Britain and Australia. One of the primary aims of the thesis is to explore the geoliterary terrains (including the space known as the middlebrow) of these texts in light of their relative neglect by contemporary critics in comparison with the prominence given to works written by men during this period. Analysis of the texts through the lens of locational feminism (Friedman, 1998, p.5) provides the framework for an interdisciplinary inquiry that draws on geography, feminist literary criticism and new historicism. The examination of the first of the texts, Hostages to Fortune (1933), is centred on the politics of the domestic space and the main character, Catherine’s experiences of domestic life. The chapter dealing with the second novel, A Charmed Circle (1929), while still engaging with the politics of domesticity and the everyday, also pursues the more psychological space of individual and family life as well as locating the interior spaces of the author’s lifeworld. The inquiry broadens out into spiritual and regional landscapes in the probing of The Nine Tailors (1934) which is set in the Fens of East Anglia. Expanding still further into empire, nation and identity, the fourth of the novels, The Invaluable Mystery, set in Australia, is explored in terms of the politics of place. More discussion of these sub-themes ensues as the therapeutic landscape of High Rising (1933) located in an imagined setting, is investigated and the links between the author and the writing of the novel are under scrutiny. The substantive themes of domesticity, home and nation are found to be embedded in these works and in the lifeworlds of their authors. The critical neglect of the texts is located within a set of cultural and material practices that marginalised women writers during this period. This marginalisation is in turn located within a longer historical practice of attempting to silence women’s narratives. Operating beside/against these practices are the imperative of storytelling and women’s ‘will to be known’ through narrative.
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Hernandez, Jimenez Natalia. "Con el nopal pegado en la frente : a psychosocial study of prejudice and discrimination among Mexican immigrants and Mexican Americans in Arizona." Thesis, University of Essex, 2016. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/19410/.
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In this thesis I develop a psychosocial approach to prejudice and discrimination among the Mexican-origin population in the U.S. state of Arizona. I argue that although the Mexican-origin population has been oppressed and discriminated against by the dominant white population for centuries, this minority group has its own history of intra-group prejudice and discrimination. Moreover, I argue that the attitudes and behaviours of Mexican immigrants and Mexican Americans, and the interactions between them, are influenced by three main elements: 1) structural factors (such as exploitation and inequality); 2) dominant ideologies (such as colonisation and white supremacy/superiority) and; 3) cultural commonalities between Mexican immigrants and Mexican Americans (in particular, the Spanish language). Within this context, I employed approximately thirty free association narrative interviews, notes based on ethnographic and participant observations, amongst other data sources (such as newspaper articles and informal interviews), to reveal much about the unconscious dynamics and processes under which Mexican immigrants and Mexican Americans interact. In the first half of the thesis I describe the social and political context of Arizona, which includes the history of the Mexican-origin population in that state as well as the implementation of the anti-immigration law, Senate Bill 1070 and its effects on the Mexican-origin population. In addition to this, I describe the methodology I used to conduct this research (participants, types of interviews and analysis of the collected data). In the second half of the thesis, I analyse prejudice and discrimination coming from ‘outside’ and ‘inside’ the Mexican-origin population with the use of psychoanalytic (Freud, Klein, Dalal), sociological (Douglas, Jimenez, Clarke) and post-colonial theories (Fanon, Memmi, Bhabha). In conclusion, I argue that the phenomenon of prejudice and discrimination among Mexican immigrants and Mexican Americans in Arizona cannot be reduced to psychological nor sociological explanations but that it needs to be addressed and approached by several disciplines.
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Kent, Alexander James. "An analysis of the cartographic language of European state topographic maps : aesthetics, style, and identity." Thesis, University of Kent, 2007. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/9462/.
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This thesis investigates stylistic diversity in European 1:50 000 state topographic maps and explores the extent to which national conditions, such as socio-economic, cultural, and demographic characteristics, are intrinsically expressed in their symbolization of the national landscape. The separation of the topographic map from its assumed objectivity and the poststructuralist handling of maps as ‘texts’ provide the point of departure for the theoretical framework, which includes a discussion of the role of aesthetic judgment and the nature of style in cartography, and subsequently develops a new language paradigm for understanding national differences in cartographic expression. The methodology involves the construction of a typology for the classification of the legend symbologies of 1:50 000 paper topographic maps from 20 different European national mapping organizations. In addition to providing a quantitative assessment of the symbols devoted to each type of feature, this incorporates a qualitative classification of their appearance according to the criteria of colour, visual hierarchy, ‘white’ space, and lettering in the search for supranational styles. Although it was possible to group countries using a cluster analysis based on the proportion of symbols within each class, the findings reveal much stylistic diversity in European 1:50 000 state topographical mapping, which is demonstrated further in the graphical appearance of each symbology. Tests of association between the symbol classification data and various national statistics suggest a very general reflection of national conditions and do not support some more plausible links, but nevertheless imply the influence of specifically national circumstances. In order to understand the possible influences of wider geopolitical factors on the design and production of state topographic maps, recent initiatives in Latvia and Slovenia were examined and interviews were conducted with those involved. The findings suggest that even with fundamental changes such as the achievement of political independence, the legacy of former styles of topographic cartography persist, especially concerning how the landscape is classified. The development of national styles in state topographic maps appears to be a process in which only broader, more permanent supranational characteristics, such as functional dependencies within core-periphery systems, may be reflected more accurately.
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Gauthier, Josée. "Évolution des pratiques coutumières entourant la naissance au Saguenay et dans Charlevoix (1900-1950) /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1991. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Lopes, Mayara Marin. "Caracterização de jovens livres de cárie /." São José dos Campos, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183589.
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Orientador: Symone Cristina TeixeiraBanca: João Carlos da Rocha
Resumo: O trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar o perfil socioeconômico e hábitos alimentares e de higiene de jovens, com idade entre 18 e 24 anos, livres de cárie, beneficiando a odontologia no sentido de estudar dados relacionados à saúde e não a doença como já bem relatado na literatura. Através de exame clínico simples foram selecionados os alunos livres de cárie (88) que então responderam a um questionário com questões sobre o perfil socioeconômico da família, os hábitos alimentares, de higiene, de rotina ao consultório odontológico e incentivo dos responsáveis da infância até os dias atuais. O perfil socioeconômico mais prevalente foi entre os estratos A a B2, com o nível de escolaridade dos pais entre médio completo e pós-graduação. Em relação à água fluoretada e a informações sobre saúde bucal 93% responderam ter tido acesso. As escovações foram relatadas no mínimo de 1 a 3 vezes por dia, chegando até a 5 vezes. Os consultórios particulares foram os mais visitados, com um intervalo de 3 a 6 meses entre as consultas por motivo de prevenção. A escovação foi supervisionada pelos pais até os 7 anos de idade por 63,64% dos entrevistados. Desta forma, os dados colhidos durante esta pesquisa podem auxiliar na formação, reorientação ou adaptação de políticas públicas de saúde através da organização do serviço, planejamento de estratégias para os trabalhos principalmente de educação, atenção e prevenção em saúde bucal, trazendo benefícios não só a odontologia, mas à toda população
The objective of this study was to characterize the socioeconomic profile and eating and hygiene habits of young people., aged 18 to 24 years old, caries-free, benefiting dentistry in order to study data related to health and not the disease as already reported in the literature. Through a simple clinical examination, caries-free students were selected (88), who then answered a questionnaire with questions about the family's socioeconomic profile, eating habits, hygiene, routine dental appointments, and indulcement of parents or guardians for childhood to the present day. The most prevalent socioeconomic profile was between the strata A and B2, with the level of schooling of the parents between full middle and postgraduate. Regarding fluoridated water and oral health information, 93% said they had access. Brushing has been reported at least 1 to 3 times a day, up to 5 times. Private practices were the most visited, with a 3-6 month interval between consultations due to prevention. Brushing was supervised by parents up to 7 years of age by 63.64% of the interviewees. Therefore, the data collected during this research can help in the formation, reorientation or adaptation of public health policies through the organization of the service, planning strategies for the work mainly education, attention and prevention in oral health, bringing benefits not only dentistry, but the entire population
Mestre
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Ferreira, Da Silva Maria Joana. "Hunting pressure and the population genetic patterns and sex-mediated dispersal in the Guinea Baboon in Guinea-Bissau." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/37322/.
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In Guinea-Bissau (GB) the Guinea baboon (Papio hamadryas papio) is threatened by hunting pressure. Along with local extinctions, these practices may be inducing long-term genetic changes and disrupting underlying social structure. In this study, the bushmeat trade in GB was evaluated for the first time and the effect of hunting practices on the genetic diversity and population structure was investigated. By following the bushmeat trade at urban markets, we found baboons to be the third most traded primate species. Male baboon carcasses were sold at a price 60% higher than any other primate due to their larger body mass. Semi-structured interviews conducted with hunters revealed a preference towards male baboons and recent difficulty in finding this primates species. Non-invasive DNA sampling in southern GB and two different genetic markers (fourteen microsatellite loci and a fragment of the mitochondrial control region) suggested substantial levels of genetic diversity and recent genetic contact between different populations. However, geographic distances had a weak effect on population structure and the genetic discontinuities found were not related with landscape features. A contact zone was identified. Here, gene flow seems to be unidirectional and admixed individuals were in higher proportion. Hunting pressure may have induced recent contact between genetically differentiated individuals, which now co-exist in the same social unit. Additionally, the sex-specific patterns of gene flow and the composition of social units were compared with a non-hunted Guinea baboon population, using a molecular sex determination protocol and thirteen microsatellite loci. GB displayed a lower ratio of males within social units, which are formed in some cases by unrelated individuals. The clear female-biased dispersal pattern displayed in Senegal was less intense in GB, where gene flow seems to be mediated through both sexes. The aforementioned contact zone resulted from male immigration. Male baboon dispersal in GB could be the result of flight behaviour or a consequence of an altered sex ratio induced by hunting practices. The GB baboons displayed signs of a disrupted population and its future conservation requires specific actions to reduce or eliminate this activity.
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Chapman, Sarah Lynn. "The embalming ritual of late period through Ptolemaic Egypt." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7771/.
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This thesis explores the embalming ritual of the Egyptian Late Period through Ptolemaic era (664 – 30 BC). Using an interdisciplinary approach, I incorporate primary and secondary texts, Egyptian funerary art and archaeological remains into my study. I utilize these lines of evidence to reconstruct the embalming ritual to the degree possible and analyze the ways in which its various stages were believed to fulfill the ultimate goal of this rite: preservation of the physical body and eternal life for the deceased. I focus particularly on the archaeological material and explore the visibility of religious practice in the archaeological record. I identify key changes and developments in the embalming ritual from the Late Period through the Ptolemaic Period in order to highlight religious significance placed on embalming during this time period. Funerary art, literature, and archaeological material of the Late through Greco-Roman Periods illustrate an increased focus on the integrity of the corpse as well as the manifestation of decay, the liquid \(rDw\). I examine these ancient sources in order to better understand the nature and development of body-centered funerary practices during this period of Egyptian history.
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Roberts, Gregory John. "Entrepreneurship : an African Caribbean perspective." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1754/.
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This study set out to take a definitive look at African Caribbean entrepreneurship by delineating the broad spectrum of historical and contemporary theories of ethnic entrepreneurship. It also looked in particular on the phenomenon of African Caribbean entrepreneurship through the lens of Pentecostalism, which is the most popular religious expression of African Caribbean peoples in the UK. The extent to which the socio‐cultural and psycho‐religious underpinnings of the African Caribbean person are amenable to entrepreneurial engagement was also subjected to analysis. This analysis focused on themes and perspectives, which are general to African Caribbean experience – individual, family and community. They were presented as age, gender or sex, education, family structure, motivation, and funding of entrepreneurial ventures. Also in connection with these were a number of factors, which operate at the nexus of African Caribbean Pentecostalism and entrepreneurship. These include historical antecedents, socioeconomic situations up to the 1950s, the ambiguity of Scriptures towards wealth as well as the impact of the psychology of time on the African Caribbean mind. All these provide a framework in which the existential and transcendental interact in the community of faith.
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Al-Gailani, Noorah. "The Shrine of ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī in Baghdad & the Shrine of ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Jīlānī in ʿAqra : mapping the multiple orientations of two Qādirī Sufi shrines in Iraq." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7663/.
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This thesis charts the stakeholder communities, physical environment and daily life of two little studied Qādiriyya Sufi shrines associated with Shaikh ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī (1077 – 1165 AD), a 12th century Ḥanbalī Muslim theologian and the posthumous founder of one of the oldest Sufi orders in Islam. The first shrine is based in Baghdad and houses his burial chamber; and the second shrine, on the outskirts of the city of ‘Aqra in the Kurdish region of northern Iraq, is that of his son Shaikh ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (died 1206 AD). The latter was also known for lecturing in Ḥanbalī theology in the region, and venerated for this as well as his association with Shaikh ʿAbd al-Qādir. Driven by the research question “What shapes the identity orientations of these two Qādiriyya Sufi shrines in modern times?” the findings presented here are the result of field research carried out between November 2009 and February 2014. This field research revealed a complex context in which the two shrines existed and interacted, influenced by both Sufi and non-Sufi stakeholders who identified with and accessed these shrines to satisfy a variety of spiritual and practical needs, which in turn influenced the way each considered and viewed the two shrines from a number of orientations. These overlapping orientations include the Qādirī Sufi entity and the resting place of its patron saint; the orthodox Sunnī mosque with its muftī-imams, who are employed by the Iraqi government; the local Shīʿa community’s neighbourhood saint’s shrine and its destination for spiritual and practical aid; and the local provider of welfare to the poor of the city (soup kitchen, funeral parlour and electricity-generation amongst other services). The research findings also revealed a continuously changing and adapting Qādirī Sufi scene not immune from the national and regional socio-religio-political environments in which the two shrines exist: a non-Sufi national political class vying to influence and manipulate these shrines for their own purposes; and powerful national sectarian factions jostling to do the same. The mixture of stakeholders using and associating with the two shrines were found to be influential shapers of these entities, both physically and spiritually. Through encountering and interacting with each other, most stakeholders contributed to maintaining and rejuvenating the two shrines, but some also sought to adapt and change them driven by their particular orientation’s perspective.
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Slusarenko, Edith Kay. "Alterations." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5089.
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My work is not about making big declamatory statements. It's about looking around within my home environment and noticing something and thinking about it. At times (it) is noticed by me as I am passing by a storefront window or browsing through a second-hand store. I never have a clue to what I am looking for until I see it and buy it. Many times I will live with the object for years before deciding to use it as part of my art. Yet when I decide to use the object(s) I find it important to understand how they have been used, under used and why they are tossed away and given little notice in our day-to-day lives. In September, I was given Studio 244. Located in Shattuck Hall, Studio 244 was a former women's dressing room for the Theater Department. As soon as I saw it I realized this was "home" to my installation. The opportunity to work in this studio for nine months and to create an environment that would alter the look of the original space was extremely exciting and challenging. I divided the studio into three separate rooms. I built a long, narrow corridor, a tall windowed room (Domestic Goddess Room) and another room which was windowless but bright and cheery (Dressed For Success Room). These three rooms contained objects and texts which gave information to the way many women have lived and continue to live in the institution of home. Life is predicated on change. Many objects and concepts that we once took for granted as part of everyday life either have vanished or now seem destined to disappear. Others should have disappeared but keep popping up in each new generation disguised in new words and new packaging. I am a carrier and conservator of my culture, the good and the bad. As a visual artist I have the opportunity to tell my point of view, my passions and my story within the confines of a space which I have built and created for the sole purpose of saying, "Look at this. Please."
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Dias, Aida Costa de Sousa. "O corpo feminino na escultura dos anos 50 em Portugal-(escultores formados pala ESBAL)." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UL-Universidade de Lisboa -- -Faculdade de Belas Artes, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29370.
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Mitchell, Sharon Claire. "Moral posturing body language, rhetoric, and the performance of identity in late medieval French and English conduct manuals /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1172854315.
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Olivetti, Paola. "Uses and interpretations of ritual terminology : goos, oimoge, threnos and linos in ancient Greek literature." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3009/.
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The purpose of my thesis is to study the lament in ancient Greek culture, and to show how its ritual meaning is interpreted by literature. The terms goos, oimoge, threnos and linos not only indicate the presence of different ritual attitudes to death but also the existence of different interpretations for each of them. The goos and the oimoge mirror an archaic religiosity and consist of sinister utterances aimed at summoning ghosts, requesting for divine revenge, etc. Aeschylus introduces them as aischrologic acts as he implies the presence of a god or a daimon. Sophocles and Euripides use them as dysphemic elements and censure an approach to death which implies that gods are vindictive, deceitful and unjust. However, they also introduce an euphemic goos consisting in an expression of feelings. The threnos only appears in funerary contexts in Homer while is often introduced as dysphemic in drama. The linos-song is mentioned as a vintage-song in Homer, it appears as a lament and then as a song for some hero’s apotheosis or return to life in drama. The poetic use of these terms serves to understand how the social and political meaning of the ritual was understood and codified by literature.
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Wang, Jen Jessica. "Efficient social perception in adults : studies on visual perspective-taking and visual working memory." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3070/.
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Ten experiments examined the way that automatic processing of the visual perspectives and eye gaze of others affects adults‘ perception and encoding of the social world. I investigated the amount of flexibility that automatic visual perspective computation accommodates. Experiments 1, 2, and 3 demonstrate that automatic visual perspective-computation shows some flexibility for enumerating and representing perspective contents. Experiments 4 and 5 further indicate that automatic visual perspective-taking allows selection of relevant perspective information. I also examined whether observing others‘ eye gaze affects adults‘ visual working memory encoding. Experiments 6, 7, and 8 indicate that agents‘ object-oriented gaze does not lead to more efficient encoding of agent and object information. Experiments 9 and 10 demonstrate that observing others‘ participant-oriented gaze disrupts visual working memory encoding. I argue that although adults have minimal conscious control over the activation of visual perspective-computation and processing of participantoriented gaze, the efficient mindreading system shows some flexibility.
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Yasui, Hiroshi. "Understanding the background of the political and social movements supporting the United Nations." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1060/.
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Although academic literature predominantly discusses UN centrism as Japan’s foreign policy, this thesis stipulates it as a popular norm supported by the Japanese public. The thesis employs the constructivist approach in understanding UN centrism as a domestic norm. Following the analytical methods employed in existing studies on norm diffusion, it identifies UN centrism is Japan’s interpretation of the international UN norms seen through the lens of its post-war domestic pacifist norm. Building on existing literature on civil society and Japanese studies, it analyses how civil movements supporting UNESCO and UNICEF have worked their way through Japanese society, traditional social behaviours and customs to diffuse the norm. The success of the civil movements has not been in spite of Japan’s weak civil society but because its characteristics have worked in their favour. The UN centrism norm at its core urges individuals to construct peace and international cooperation through the UN. The norm continues to develop, and today it has become a norm which not only urges ordinary Japanese to think about creating and maintaining peace through the UN, but also to make personal financial contributions to support UN humanitarian activities and even dictates where they should visit for their next holiday.
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Chen, Shih-Yu. "Representing indigenous peoples of Taiwan : the role of museums." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7801/.
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This thesis situates the issue of representing minority groups in the debate over the role of museum spaces in the contemporary society. In particular, the thesis explores the shifting relationships between the indigenous peoples and the wider Taiwanese society which is considered to be influential in forming indigenous representations. I conducted fieldwork in case-study museums, which are considered to be leading museums that are more resourceful and influential, and places beyond museum spaces, such as local cultural centres, indigenous communities and public occasions. In this thesis, I suggest that indigenous representations cannot be understood without considering the power relationships between the represented subjects and their surrounding parties, for example, colonial history and political changes. Because of the nature of museums, this thesis has shown that although there are limitations of museum representations, museums still play a symbolic role in Taiwanese society. I also expanded my examination of indigenous representations beyond museum spaces. I discovered that compared to museum representations, these representations are more responsive to the needs of both indigenous peoples and their audience. I also argued that although indigenous peoples obtain a greater autonomy in self-representing, internal power relationships and hierarchy also play a critical role in these self-representations.
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Huang, Lan Fen. "Discourse markers in spoken English : a corpus study of native speakers and Chinese non-native speakers." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/2969/.
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This thesis explores the use of discourse markers (DMs) in the speech of Chinese non-native speakers (NNSs) of English and native speakers (NSs), using corpus methodologies, the 'Linear Unit Grammar' analysis (Sinclair and Mauranen 2006) and text-based analyses. It reports that the DMs for analysis, 'like', 'oh', 'well', 'you know', 'I mean', 'you see', 'I think' and 'now', occur more frequently in the dialogic genres than in the monologic genres extracted from the three corpora, SECCL, MICASE and ICE-GB. The co-occurrence of DMs is taken as evidence to determine the categories for discussion with the suggested functions being secondary interpretations. Surprisingly, there are similarities in the use of DMs between Chinese NNSs and NSs. For the differences, some require NSs to become more tolerant and inclusive of the versions of English and some require pedagogical interventions for the Chinese NNSs. This thesis demonstrates that the use of DMs correlates with the genre, context, type of activity and identity of the speaker. All such factors affect the speakers' choice of a DM to use when giving priority to discourse organisation, fluency, the engagement of the listeners, the construction of the speaker‟s persona and the creation of solidarity.
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Du, Plooy Frederik Simon. "Perceptions of HIV/AIDS prevention workers in Soshanguve of the role of traditional African beliefs in HIV/AIDS prevention." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02172005-103325.
Full text
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Eliot, Rosemary Elizabeth. ""Destructive but sweet" : cigarette smoking among women 1890-1990." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1091/.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the vast literature surrounding tobacco use, there is little work looking at the question of smoking among women in a historical context. The work which has been done on women and smoking has largely looked at the issue from a sociological viewpoint. In addressing this gap, I have drawn from both disciplines to explore the history of smoking among women from 1890 until the end of the 20th century and to historicise existing sociological literature on women and smoking. I have aimed to integrate women into the history of tobacco more generally and to explore women’s own interpretations of smoking in the past. In doing so, I have focused on the relationship between smoking among women and the socio-cultural position of smoking in Britain from the 19th century until the end of the 20th. I have also explored the relationship between smoking and the changing social position of women. Drawing on archival material from a variety of sources and interviews with epidemiologists and health professionals, I have shown the changing, often ambiguous, public discourses surrounding smoking from the late 19th century until the end of the twentieth. I have also shown, through oral history interviews with women aged between 40 and 85, how these discourses have shaped individual women’s interpretations of smoking in their lives and the personal experiences of smoking which they recollect. What I found is that the social meaning of smoking has undergone a series of redefinitions over this period. The advent of the cigarette in the 1880s and its subsequent popularity in the decades following was crucial to this. From having been a recreational pastime, suited to certain times and occasions, in the nineteenth century, smoking permeated every aspect of public and private life for most of the twentieth. The First World War was pivotal in this expansion, as smoking, particularly cigarette smoking, was defined as a necessity to men’s lives, both at the Front and at home. Its increasing prevalence in the interwar period and the priority accorded to tobacco supplies during and immediately after the Second World War served to reinforce the idea that smoking was integral to every day life.
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Augusti, Marcelo Roberto Andrade [UNESP]. "Caminhada e estilo de vida: implicações no lazer e na qualidade de vida." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108771.
Full textAbstract:
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000768117.pdf: 1284864 bytes, checksum: 808e8ff0d64ff956bfb9dc15cb9d12ef (MD5)A pesquisa teve o propósito de investigar a caminhada como um elemento característico de um estilo de vida, direcionado para a qualidade de vida e o lazer. A partir de uma perspectiva histórica foi possível localizar a caminhada no âmbito social e, assim, determinar uma trajetória de seus usos e apropriações culturais no Brasil. Estabelecido o percurso desta prática e das atividades adjacentes, foi possível estabelecer relações entre a caminhada, os modos de vida e os estilos de vida que emergem desses contextos. Posteriormente à elaboração desse panorama histórico, buscamos, nos domínios eletrônicos, verificar a existência de grupos de caminhantes que atendessem ao perfil procurado, encontrando o grupo Peregrinosrp, de Ribeirão Preto/SP, que evidenciou elementos que consideramos adequados ao propósito da investigação, ou seja, a caminhada como forma de lazer, expressão de um estilo de vida e reverberando na qualidade de vida, porém, como algo compreendido além do contexto do exercício físico. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada durante um evento do grupo, uma caminhada entre os municípios de Analândia/SP e São Carlos/SP, em percurso rural de, aproximadamente, dezenove quilômetros, onde, ao final da atividade, foi feita a coleta dos dados a partir de uma amostra de quinze sujeitos, via questionário e, posteriormente, uma entrevista via e-mail com os idealizadores e organizadores da proposta. Os resultados obtidos das análises das informações, fundamentados nos conceitos e definições de lazer, qualidade de vida e estilo de vida, apontaram que a caminhada do Peregrinosrp manifesta característica que, a princípio, podemos interpretá-las como expressão de estilo de vida voltado para a qualidade de vida. Entretanto, sugerimos que outras investigações se sucedam, com tal proposta e em maior escala, pois a amostra considerada nos permitiu apenas interpretações parciais do fenômeno abordado, inviabilizando...
The research aimed to investigate the walk as a feature of a lifestyle, focused on quality of life and leisure. From a historical perspective be found walking in the social sphere and thus determine a trajectory of its uses and cultural appropriations in Brazil. Established the route of this practice and adjacent activities, it was possible to establish relationships between walking, livelihoods and lifestyles that emerge from these contexts. Subsequent to the preparation of this historical overview, we seek, in the electronic domain, check for groups of hikers who met the profile sought. Peregrinosrp found the group of Ribeirão Preto / SP, which revealed elements that we consider appropriate to the purpose of the investigation, ie, walking as leisure, expression of a lifestyle and reverberating quality of life, but as something understood beyond the context of the exercise. The field research was carried out for a group event, a hike between the towns of Analândia / SP and São Carlos / SP, rural route in approximately nineteen kilometers, where, at the end of the activity, was taken to collect data from a sample of fifteen subjects via questionnaire and later an interview via email with the creators and organizers of the proposal. The results of the analysis of information, based on the concepts and definitions of leisure, quality of life and lifestyle, showed that walking Peregrinosrp expresses the feature that, in principle, we can interpret them as an expression of lifestyle focused on quality of life. However, we suggest that further investigation is succeeding with this proposal and on a larger scale, for the considered sample allowed us only partial interpretations of the phenomenon addressed, preventing generalizing considerations
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Parker, Mike. "Cultural icons : a case study analysis of their formation and reception." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2012. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/5312/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis addresses the contested and poorly defined subject area of cultural iconicity. Careful consideration of three specific uses of the term - in the popular media, as a new way of articulating national identity, and in academic publications - reveals the extent to which the term is currently poorly comprehended and misapplied. The research proposes the introduction of tighter defining parameters to cultural iconography and presents an original definition against existing work in the field. The main aim, therefore, is straightforward; to attempt to answer the general question, what are cultural icons? To meet this end a definition of iconicity will be proposed consisting of four inter-connected conditions comprising, a) distinctness of image, b) durability of image, c) reproducibility of image and d) the tragic-dramatic narrative inherent in the image. The decision to implement such a definition is supported by a range of theoretical influences, from the ideas on perception developed by the German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, to recent work on the dramatic impact of tele-visual images. The philosophical influence applies the idea that human perception is strongly drawn towards tragic-dramatic forms - the tragic-dramatic narrative of cultural icons being an essential component of the definition - while new research into how images impact on common memory supports this application. The method adopted attacks the central question in three ways. Firstly, by applying throughout the work an original and practical working definition of cultural iconicity. Secondly, by differentiating the properties of primary cultural icons from other important cultural symbols (as in, for example, comparing cultural icons to photographic iconography and non-image based cultural myths). Third, a series of in-depth case studies applying the definition to real examples, which will be the crux of the project and, if successful, may prove not only an original contribution to knowledge in this new and exciting area of research, but should also appeal to a wider, non-academic readership.
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Silva, Miguel Pereira da. "Ideais de civilidade : os manuais de etiqueta e o disciplinamento dos comportamentos na sociedade contemporânea." Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6267.
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The analysis of the manuals of etiquette in the |new| social settings was the research object of the present study, specifically, with regard to forms of discipline of behavior in contemporary society. We assumed that the speeches contained in these manuals of etiquette generate senses and meanings among the social groups producing interchangeable roles in manners and behaviors of individuals who supposedly coexist harmonically in any spheres of social conviviality. Thus, we investigated if the printed label manuals would occupy some space in contemporary Brazilian society amid a media information multidimensional universe, where face-to-face interaction can be mediated by virtual interactions. And why the manuals of etiquette? By performing as the more traditional means of teaching and playing rules of civility. In a large universe of information within the virtual space and networked, they continue to be extensively published in Brazil, even with quick reprints and code updates. Analyzing the forms of aesthetic and functional discipline of the body in the society of consumption, with empirical reference manuals of etiquette in the 21st century, was the general objective that has guided this study. We opted for the bibliographical research supported in AD-discourse analysis, because it enabled us to understand what the speeches of etiquette manuals have to say about the society in which it operates, since it´s a parcel her that legislates these codes and extends the exercise of reproduction. Finally, we consider that the manuals of etiquette more than a |tom| providential used today are not simply certain rules; for everything there is an argument. A range of options is shown to readers. Fitting the same mediate the right decisions. If there is a concept of right; There are preconditions. If the editorial market invests in segment, is because there are expansive consumers, even with the widespread speech of the individualities, subjectivities, the freedom of action.A análise da influência dos manuais de etiqueta nas novas configurações sociais constituiu o objeto de pesquisa do presente estudo, especificamente, no tocante às formas de disciplinamento dos comportamentos na sociedade contemporânea. Partimos do pressuposto que os discursos contidos nesses manuais de etiqueta geram sentidos e significações entre os grupos sociais engendrando papéis intercambiáveis nos modos e comportamentos dos indivíduos que, supostamente, coexistem harmonicamente em quaisquer esferas do convívio social. Desse modo, investigamos se os manuais de etiqueta impresso ocupariam ainda algum espaço na sociedade brasileira contemporânea em meio a um universo midiático de informações multidimensionais, onde a interação face a face pode ser mediada pelas interações virtuais. E por que os manuais de etiqueta? Por se apresentar como o mais tradicional meio de ensinamento e reprodução de regras de civilidade. Num amplo universo de informações dentro do espaço digital e em rede, eles continuam sendo extensivamente publicados no Brasil, inclusive com rápidas reedições e atualizações de códigos. Analisar as formas de disciplinamento estético e funcional do corpo na sociedade do consumo, tendo como referência empírica os manuais de etiqueta do século XXI, foi o objetivo geral que norteou esse estudo. Optamos pela pesquisa bibliográfica apoiada na AD - Análise do Discurso, porque nos possibilitou compreender o quê os discursos dos manuais de etiqueta tem a dizer sobre a sociedade em que se insere, já que é uma parcela dela que legisla esses códigos e amplia o exercício da reprodução. Por fim, consideramos que os manuais de etiqueta muito mais do que um tom providencial utilizado na atualidade, não são regras simplesmente determinadas; para tudo existe uma explicação, uma informação a mais, uma argumentação. Pois, um leque de opções é demostrado aos leitores. Cabendo aos mesmos mediar às decisões certas. Se existe um conceito de certo, existem predeterminações. Se o mercado editorial investe no segmento, é porque há público consumidor expansivo, mesmo com o propagado discurso do respeito às individualidades, às subjetividades, á liberdade de ação.
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Siqueira, Uassyr de. "Entre sindicatos, clubes e botequins : identidades, associações e lazer dos trabalhadores paulistanos (1890-1920)." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280229.
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Orientador: Claudio Henrique de Moraes BatalhaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: O objetivo dessa tese é estudar algumas das associações fundadas e freqüentadas pelos trabalhadores paulistanos, entre 1890 e 1920, como os sindicatos e os clubes recreativos, e também os espaços de lazer, como os armazéns e os botequins. Dessa maneira, é possível perceber diferentes identidades ¿ sejam as articuladas em torno do trabalho, sejam as articuladas em torno de outras categorias, como italianos e negros ¿ e também os conflitos que marcaram o processo de formação da classe trabalhadora paulistana
Abstract: This thesis intend to study some associations created and attended by workers of São Paulo City, between 1890 and 1920. Through those associations such as the trade unions and recreational clubs, and also other leisure places such as the bars and grocery stores, is possible to perceive different identities ¿ whether around work or other identities categories, like italians and blacks groups ¿ as well as the conflicts that marked the working class formation process in São Paulo city
Doutorado
Historia Social
Doutor em História
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Augusti, Marcelo Roberto Andrade. "Caminhada e estilo de vida : implicações no lazer e na qualidade de vida /." Rio Claro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108771.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Carmen Maria AguiarBanca: Paulo Roberto da Silva
Banca: Sara Quenzer Matthiesen
Resumo: A pesquisa teve o propósito de investigar a caminhada como um elemento característico de um estilo de vida, direcionado para a qualidade de vida e o lazer. A partir de uma perspectiva histórica foi possível localizar a caminhada no âmbito social e, assim, determinar uma trajetória de seus usos e apropriações culturais no Brasil. Estabelecido o percurso desta prática e das atividades adjacentes, foi possível estabelecer relações entre a caminhada, os modos de vida e os estilos de vida que emergem desses contextos. Posteriormente à elaboração desse panorama histórico, buscamos, nos domínios eletrônicos, verificar a existência de grupos de caminhantes que atendessem ao perfil procurado, encontrando o grupo Peregrinosrp, de Ribeirão Preto/SP, que evidenciou elementos que consideramos adequados ao propósito da investigação, ou seja, a caminhada como forma de lazer, expressão de um estilo de vida e reverberando na qualidade de vida, porém, como algo compreendido além do contexto do exercício físico. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada durante um evento do grupo, uma caminhada entre os municípios de Analândia/SP e São Carlos/SP, em percurso rural de, aproximadamente, dezenove quilômetros, onde, ao final da atividade, foi feita a coleta dos dados a partir de uma amostra de quinze sujeitos, via questionário e, posteriormente, uma entrevista via e-mail com os idealizadores e organizadores da proposta. Os resultados obtidos das análises das informações, fundamentados nos conceitos e definições de lazer, qualidade de vida e estilo de vida, apontaram que a caminhada do Peregrinosrp manifesta característica que, a princípio, podemos interpretá-las como expressão de estilo de vida voltado para a qualidade de vida. Entretanto, sugerimos que outras investigações se sucedam, com tal proposta e em maior escala, pois a amostra considerada nos permitiu apenas interpretações parciais do fenômeno abordado, inviabilizando...
Abstract: The research aimed to investigate the walk as a feature of a lifestyle, focused on quality of life and leisure. From a historical perspective be found walking in the social sphere and thus determine a trajectory of its uses and cultural appropriations in Brazil. Established the route of this practice and adjacent activities, it was possible to establish relationships between walking, livelihoods and lifestyles that emerge from these contexts. Subsequent to the preparation of this historical overview, we seek, in the electronic domain, check for groups of hikers who met the profile sought. Peregrinosrp found the group of Ribeirão Preto / SP, which revealed elements that we consider appropriate to the purpose of the investigation, ie, walking as leisure, expression of a lifestyle and reverberating quality of life, but as something understood beyond the context of the exercise. The field research was carried out for a group event, a hike between the towns of Analândia / SP and São Carlos / SP, rural route in approximately nineteen kilometers, where, at the end of the activity, was taken to collect data from a sample of fifteen subjects via questionnaire and later an interview via email with the creators and organizers of the proposal. The results of the analysis of information, based on the concepts and definitions of leisure, quality of life and lifestyle, showed that walking Peregrinosrp expresses the feature that, in principle, we can interpret them as an expression of lifestyle focused on quality of life. However, we suggest that further investigation is succeeding with this proposal and on a larger scale, for the considered sample allowed us only partial interpretations of the phenomenon addressed, preventing generalizing considerations
Mestre
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Skulsuthavong, Merisa. "'Thainess' and bridal perfection in Thai wedding magazines." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/93695/.
Full textAbstract:
The object of this thesis is to explore the representation of ‘ Thainess ’ in Thai wedding magazines. The thesis adopts semiotic and multimodal analysis as methods to examine how cover pages, photographs, editorial contents and advertisement s in the magazines communicate their denotative and connotative meanings through primary markers and modality markers such as pose, objects, setting, framing, lights, shadow and colour tone. Subsequently , each image is examined through its depiction of people in the image to determine any st ereotypical cultural attributes that highlight a distinction between the traditionalised Thai and modernised Thai bride. This thesis argues that the legacy of Thailand ’ s semi colonial history constructs an ambivalent relationship with the West and Thailand ’ s self - orientalising tendency, as well as the diffusion of hybrid cultures and modern Thai beauty ideals. Self - orientalising tendencies and the desire to encapsulate ‘ Thainess ’ are thusly observed in the magazines ’ representation of traditional ‘ Thainess ’ with a nostalgic overtone, by linking the ideals of traditional beauty to the imagined qualities of heroines in Thai classic literature and aristocratic ladies from pre-modern Siam through fashion and traditional beautifying remedies.
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Woodward, Jennifer Kate Alice. "The ritual management of royal death in Renaissance England, 1570-1625." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1994. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/107560/.
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This thesis represents the most detailed investigation into English royal funeral ceremonies 1570-1625 yet undertaken. It builds on earlier scholarship dealing with the French royal funeral and with the social history of death and burial in early modern England. When gathering my source material I consulted manuscript and early printed material at the British Library, the Bodleian Library, the Library of Westminster Abbey, the College of Arms and the Bibliothèque Nationale. My approach is to consider royal funeral rituals in terms of performance. I endeavour to place each of the royal funerals in its immediate performance and broader cultural context. The evidence is analysed using an approach which seeks to take account of both the political and affective implications of ritual. Preliminary chapters establish the form of the English heraldic funeral and the French royal funeral, and assess the impact of the English Reformation on funeral ritual. I go on to discuss the funerals of Mary Stuart, Elizabeth I, Prince Henry Stuart, Anne of Denmark and James I respectively. Included is a bridging chapter which briefly summarises the religious and cultural changes which took place under James I and their impact on funeral ritual. Royal funerals are seen as flexible rather than fixed. They were modified to meet changing political needs but such modifications were always in accord with broader cultural trends. My thesis demonstrates that royal funeral rituals were highly dependent on their performance and cultural contexts. The Epilogue looks at the implications my research has for readings of stage representations of funeral ritual and funeral symbolism in Elizabethan and Jacobean drama. I show that royal funerals formed an important aspect of playhouse audience experience. Dramatists exploited that experience to show the operative nature of funeral ritual performance and the potency of its symbols for political propaganda.