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Journal articles on the topic 'Manpower policy – Great Britain – 20th century'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Gajic, Aleksandar. "Тhe impact of Werner Sombart`s Merchants and Heroes on the conception of geopolitical dualism of tellurocracy and thalassocracy". Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, № 171 (2019): 423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1971423g.

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This paper examines the connection between the war pamphlet ?Merchants and Heroes? (1915) of Werner Sombart, one of the greatest European sociologists of the 20th century, and geopolitical theories about the conflict between land and sea powers. Although Sombart?s pamphlet emphasizes the spiritual-moral and cultural-sociological dualism between Germany and England in the First World War, where the first represents the characteristics of heroes and idealists and the other of merchants and opportunists, the paper shows that this conflict was primarily a war for the territories - a geopolitical c

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Ageeva, Elena, Natalia Alekseeva, Georgii Bernatskii, Sergei Borodin, and Victoria Kalinovskaya. "British citizenship: a history of reform in the 20th century." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, no. 5-1 (2022): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202205statyi12.

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The article examines the development of citizenship legislation in Great Britain from the 20th century to the present day. The authors analyze the influence of the historical context and political events on the formation of the current system of categories of British citizenship and on changes in the legislation on citizenship. Special attention is paid to understanding the institution of citizenship in the context of contemporary social cultural problems of British society, migration policy and the formation of national identity.

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Wiegel, Maria. ""Tea first. Then war!" Alan Ayckbourn's Neighbourhood Watch (2011): A reflection on Great Britain's 21st century internal security policy and its citizens' need for safety?" Cultural Intertexts 7/2017 (December 22, 2017): 219–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7854906.

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In a time when terrorism has become a regular topic in newspapers and on television, security appears as a recent and urgent issue. CCTV cameras and surveillance operate in a great part of Western public space and life. This article focuses on the ways in which the radicalized internal security policy of the Bluebell Hill Development, in Alan Ayckbourn‘s play <em>Neighbourhood Watch</em> (2011), reflects on Great Britain‘s security policy and society‘s need for safety and security throughout the early 21st century. Security policy is one of the main issues in the Western coun

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4

Kudelin, Andrey. "The Policy of Great Britain and the Ottoman Empire in South Arabia in the Second Half of the 19th Century." ISTORIYA 16, no. 2 (148) (2025): 0. https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840034800-9.

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The study is devoted to the peculiarities of the policy of the British and Ottoman Empires in the 19th century in South Arabia. The article highlights the creation of the British colony of Aden and the restoration of Ottoman sovereignty over Yemen in the second half of the 19th century. It also reveals the reforms that Great Britain carried out in the colony of Aden and the Ottoman Empire carried out in Yemen in the field of administration, judicial, tax and military systems. It is concluded that the Ottoman Empire, trying to fully integrate Yemen into the empire and make it an ordinary provin

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İlqar oğlu İlyasov, Mirpaşa. "Foreign policy of Great Britain in modern period." SCIENTIFIC WORK 77, no. 4 (2022): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/77/232-236.

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Bu məqalədə XXI əsrdə Böyük Britaniyanın xarici siyasətində strategiyaları, əsas istiqamətləri, siyasi arenada fəaliyyəti analiz ediləcək. Böyük Britaniyanın qarşısına qoyduğu məqsədlər, Avropa İttifaqından ayrılması prosesi, xarici siyasəti ilə bağlı yanaşmalar və xarici siyasətdə dövlətlərlə olan əlaqələrinin təhlil olunması aparılacaq. Brexit-ə səbəb olan amillər, Böyük Britaniyanın Avropa İttifaqından ayrılması və Brexit-nin səbəb olduğu reaksiyaların analizləri öz əksini bu yazıda tapacaq. ABŞ və Rusiya ilə olan münasibətləri, gələcək geosiyasi mənzərəsi, marağı və əməkdaşlıq etmək istədi

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6

Pidbereznykh, Inna, and Evgeny Kostyuk. "THE CONCEPT OF SPLENDID ISOLATION: A CONTEMPORARY APPROACH." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 65, no. 4 (2024): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/6523.

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The article deals with the concept of «splendid isolation», traditionally associated with British foreign policy in the late 19th century, refers to the period when Britain distanced itself from European alliances. This article examines the rationale and consequences of this policy through a contemporary lens, drawing on contemporary scholarship to reassess the motivations and outcomes of Britain's diplomatic posture in that era. Analyzing the concept of «splendid isolation», the study focuses on the political, economic and military factors that determined British strategy. The focus of the st

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Petrosova, T. G. "THE RUSSIAN-JAPANESE WAR OF 1904-1905. IN THE REFLECTION OF THE BRITISH PRESS." Vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 08, no. 02 (2024): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2024-08-02-131-141.

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The article examines the position of Great Britain during the Russian-Japanese war. At the end of the 19th century, the balance of power in the international arena was changing. This is due to the desire to strengthen the positions of Germany, the USA, Italy, Japan, to preserve and strengthen their position as the leading powers of Great Britain, France and Russia. At the beginning of the 20th century, Britain's geopolitical interests shifted to the Far East against the background of socio-economic and political changes after the death of Queen Victoria. The Far East became one of the prioriti

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8

Goncharenko, A. V., and T. O. Safonova. "Great Britain and the tvolution of the colonial system (end 19th – beginning 20th centuries)." SUMY HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL JOURNAL, no. 35 (2020): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/shaj.2020.i35.p.60.

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The article investigates the impact of Great Britain on the evolution of colonialism in the late ХІХ and early ХХ centuries. It is analyzed the sources and scientific literature on the policy of the United Kingdom in the colonial question in the late ХІХ – early ХХ century. The reasons, course and consequences of the intensification of British policy in the colonial problem are described. The process of formation and implementation of London’s initiatives in the colonial question during the period under study is studied. It is considered the position of Great Britain on the transformation of t

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9

Gmurczyk-Wrońska, Małgorzata. "France in International Relations of the Second Half of the 20th Century and the Early 21st Century – Priorities in Foreign Policy." Athenaeum Polskie Studia Politologiczne 4, no. 44 (2014): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/athena.2014.44.03.

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After the Second World War France lost temporarily her position as a decision-maker in international relations. Soon enough, though, her diplomacy adapted to a bipolar system. Her foreign policy was to manoeuvre between the USSR, the United States and Great Britain, and to jointly create the structures of future European Union. It was in the EU that France has found the place to strengthen her role of mediator and arbiter. Nowadays, the foreign policy of France has numerous continuities originating from the 19th century and the years of 1918 – 1939, but also some modifications related to new d

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Zherlitsina, Natalia. "French and English Methods of Colonial Expansion in the Maghreb on the Example of the Franco-Moroccan Crisis of the Late 1840s — Early 1850s." ISTORIYA 14, S23 (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840025637-9.

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The article is devoted to the Franco-Moroccan crisis of the late 1840s — early 1850s, in which Great Britain was directly involved. This historical event is not covered at all in Russian/Soviet historiography and only in the few works of French and English scientists. The research is based on the study of published documents of archives and works of historians of France and Great Britain of the late 19th — early 20th centuries — the heyday of European colonial empires. The analysis of the causes, course and consequences of the crisis allows the author to compare the methods of colonial expansi

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11

Karimova, Natalia Ermanovna, and Natalia Ermanovna Karimova. "THE ARAB GULF STATES IN BRITISH FOREIGN POLICY." Results of National Scientific Research International Journal 3, no. 10 (2024): 28–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13930615.

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This article analyzes the role of the Arab Gulf States in British foreign policy. Historically established relations between Great Britain and the Gulf States significantly impact the political, economic and military aspects of the interaction between these regions. The article examines the key stages and directions of British policy in the region, from the colonial period to the present day, focusing on the strategic interests of Great Britain, including security issues, energy resources and trade. It also analyzes the factors that make the Persian Gulf region attractive to Western countries,

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Krekhivskyi, Oleh. "Dependences and ways to eliminate them: a past that resonates with the present." Ekonomìka ì prognozuvannâ 2023, no. 1 (2023): 31–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/eip2023.01.031.

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The invasion of Russian troops into Ukraine has showed, on the one hand, the high cohesion and patriotism of Ukrainian society and their perception of independence as a higher value; on the other hand - the inability to preserve it with the resources of the national economy alone, and therefore - a high external dependence on the decisions of global leaders on the provision of aid and the use of the industrial base of the West to ensure the defense and security of Ukraine. Updated by S. Mariotti, the issue of "global protectionism" needs to be considered via the prism of the contextual economi

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Krekhivskyi, Oleh. "Dependences and ways to eliminate them: a past that resonates with the present." Economy and forecasting 2023, no. 1 (2023): 27–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2023.01.027.

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The invasion of Russian troops into Ukraine has showed, on the one hand, the high cohesion and patriotism of Ukrainian society and their perception of independence as a higher value; on the other hand - the inability to preserve it with the resources of the national economy alone, and therefore - a high external dependence on the decisions of global leaders on the provision of aid and the use of the industrial base of the West to ensure the defense and security of Ukraine. Updated by S. Mariotti, the issue of "global protectionism" needs to be considered via the prism of the contextual economi

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14

Levin, Yaroslav A. "Image of Ally." Galactica Media: Journal of Media Studies 4, no. 4 (2022): 210–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46539/gmd.v4i4.267.

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World War II was a time of increased rapprochement between the United States and Great Britain. After a long rivalry and outright hostility in the XVIII-XIX centuries, by the beginning of the 20th century, these two countries began to get closer with time, which was reflected in the gradual design of the concept of “Special Relations” between the United States and the United Kingdom. The rapprochement required strong propaganda support to explain political changes to the population. Due to its accessibility, clarity and brightness, cinema has become one of the main tools for promoting the new

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15

Pavlenko, Valerii, and Oleksandr Komarenko. "HISTORY REPEATS ITSELF: THE INABILITY OF THE FORCES OF PEACE AND DEMOCRACY AROUND THE WORLD TO PREVENT THE OUTBREAK OF A PLANETARY WAR IN THE 2ND HALF OF THE 1930S." European Historical Studies, no. 21 (2022): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2022.21.6.

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In this paper the international political situation, which was established in Europe and in the world in the latter half of the 30s of the 20th century, is investigated. The authors draw a comparison between the 20s and 30s of the 20th century, pointing out that the 30s brought a series of military conflicts, as well as say that the fear of a new great war has been appeared throughout the world. Attention is drawn to the inactivity of the League of Nations, which failed to ensure a collective security policy between 1936 and 1938. Special attention has been drawn to the appeasement policy and

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16

Ivanov, Nikolai. "The Monroe Doctrine and Anglo-American Rivalry in Latin America, 19th – early 20th centuries." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 5 (2023): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640028070-5.

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In the article, the author analyses the issues related to the US adoption of the Monroe Doctrine in 1823 in the context of Anglo-American confrontation and rivalry in Latin America. The author examines the relations between the USA and Great Britain during the Spanish American wars of independence, the main aspects of the policy of “neutrality”, the actual support of Latin American patriots in their struggle against the Spanish metropole. Despite the common interest in preventing European competitors from entering South America, the Americans did not sign a joint document with the British, des

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17

Boyko, Oleg. "The German Threat and Discussions about European Unions: Features of the Liberal Political and Ideological Continuity of the Leaders of the Liberal Party from W. Gladstone to G. Asquith in the Late XIX – Early XX Centuries." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 2(62) (December 18, 2023): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-211-222.

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The subject of the research is the foreign policy of Great Britain in the late 19th – early 20th centuries and the continuity of the foreign policy course of liberal political figures. The purpose of the analysis is the views and activities of significant British liberal politicians on foreign policy issues against the background of the transformation of the philosophy of liberalism and unprecedented competition in colonial expansion among major European powers. A number of trends in the development of the political and ideological course of the Liberal Party of Great Britain are demonst

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18

Savelyev, Mikhail, Mikhail Kozyrev, Andrey Savchenko, Vladimir Koretsky, and Rail Galiakhmetov. "Macroeconomic signs of an innovative economy by the case of Great Britain." SHS Web of Conferences 116 (2021): 00072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111600072.

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By the case of the economic development of Great Britain, the hypothesis was verified that innovations at the macroeconomic level should accelerate economic growth and at the same time reduce development risks, stabilizing this growth, reducing its fluctuations under the influence of market factors. The economic development of Great Britain is investigated in 25 economic cycles for the period from 1830-2020. Economic development was investigated according to the parameters of economic growth and development risk in each of the considered cycles. Four types of economic development policy are th

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19

KREKHIVSKYI, Oleh. "PROTECTIONISM AS DETERMINANT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURING IN GREAT BRITAIN." Economy of Ukraine 2023, no. 10 (2023): 58–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2023.10.058.

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The tariff policy on imports, which was introduced in Great Britain at the beginning of the World War I and was in force for about 60 years, is considered. Based on historical facts and figures, it is substantiated on the example of the automotive industry that the so-called McKenna duties in the long term had an impact on the growth of production, employment, and budget revenues; led to a decrease in prices on the domestic market, a reduction in imports and an increase in exports, promoted foreign investments, the transfer of advanced technologies, and the wider engagement of local potential

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20

Walker, Alan. "Enlarging the Caring Capacity of the Community: Informal Support Networks and the Welfare State." International Journal of Health Services 17, no. 3 (1987): 369–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/q4x5-ac1d-lbg0-5l63.

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In common with most modern industrial societies, Great Britain is facing the unique late 20th century phenomenon of rapidly increasing numbers of people, especially very elderly people, requiring health and social care. The response in Britain has been to search for ways to enlarge the caring capacity of the “community” and, thereby, reduce the demands on public health and social services. Similar policy responses have been developed in other capitalist societies such as Canada, France, and the United States. Although a policy of “community care”-the provision of state services in people's own

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21

Boyko, Oleg O. "The Views of H. Campbell-Bannerman and the Liberal-Radical Fraction in the Period of the Liberals in Opposition on Issues of the English-German Containment and the Colonial Struggle in the End of the 19th - Beginning of the 20th Century." IZVESTIYA VUZOV SEVERO-KAVKAZSKII REGION SOCIAL SCIENCE, no. 2 (218) (June 23, 2023): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2687-0770-2023-2-62-71.

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The article is devoted to the study of the activities of politicians of the radical faction of the Liberal Party and their direct role in the development of the foreign policy of Great Britain in the late 19th - early 20th century. The author analyzes the causes and conditions that influenced the polarization of opinions within the radical faction of the Liberal Party during the period when the liberals were in opposition to state policy abroad. The study is based on a wide range of sources: memoirs of participants of the events, public speeches of election campaigns, materials of private corr

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Malkin, Stanislav Gennadyevich. "Methodological features of asymmetric conflicts historical modeling studying." Samara Journal of Science 7, no. 2 (2018): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201872216.

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The following paper deals with methodological features of studying of empires legacy role in policy of the leading powers in the countries of the third world through a prism of asymmetric conflicts historical modeling. The author pays special attention to the role of Great Britain and the USA foreign policy course defining after World War II during Cold War in the second half of the 20th century and Global War on Terror at the beginning of the 21st century. The author pays attention to methodological traps (such as the probability of the research problem on the given variable and terminologica

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Яблонская, О. В. "Underage “Builders of Great Britain”: Child Migration in the British Empire." Historia provinciae - the journal of regional history 7, no. 3 (2023): 870–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/2587-8344-2023-7-3-3.

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Статья посвящена британской детской миграции в XIX – первой половине ХХ в. Исследованы причины и условия переезда, а также значение, которое придавалось расселению молодежи на периферии британского мира. Показано, что на миграционную политику влияли филантропические, социально-экономические факторы, империалистические, национальные и расовые соображения – акценты менялись с течением времени. До середины XIX в. переселение было вызвано желанием помочь бедным детям или стремлением депортировать лишних и опасных жителей из метрополии, со второй половины XIX в. в мигрантах стали видеть инструмент

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A.G., Kholliev. "BRITISH CAPITAL IN THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY (LAST QUARTER OF THE 19th - EARLY 20th CENTURY)." Look to the past 1, SI 2 (2022): 3. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7219807.

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The main stages and directions of the penetration of British capital into the economy of the Russian Empire in the last quarter of the 19th - early 20th centuries are considered in the presented article. The widespread attraction of foreign, including British, capital to the most important branches of industry and trade has become an important component of the overall economic development of Russia in the period under study. Therefore, a detailed consideration of this topic allows us to analyze the historical evolution of Russia's policy for the implementation of economic relations with fo

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25

Komorowska, Hanna. "Origins of modern language teacher education: The influence of related disciplines on the educational breakthrough of the 1990s. Bridging past and future." Neofilolog, no. 58/1 (April 27, 2022): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/n.2022.58.1.2.

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The article aims at identifying the roots of the dramatic changes which took place in the philosophy, curricula and methods of pre- and in-service teacher education in the early 1990s. Integration of teacher training programmes with university education, balanced introduction of theory and field experience, skills- and competence-based professional development of language teachers based on the concept of the reflective practitioner, trainee-centred teaching methodology, i.e. innovative solutions marking the breakthrough in language teacher education of the last decade of the 20th century were

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Ermakov, O. V. "Economic relations between Russia and Finland in the late XIX – beginning of XX centuries." Гуманитарные и юридические исследования 12, no. 1 (2025): 80–86. https://doi.org/10.37493/2409-1030.2025.1.9.

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Introduction. This article examines the economic development of Finland in the late 19th – early 20th centuries and the impact on this process of the growing crisis in relations between the Russian Empire and the Grand Duchy of Finland after Emperor Nicholas II came to power. Materials and methods. This article is written within the framework of an interdisciplinary approach using scientific approaches of historical science and economics. Analysis. In the last third of the 19th century, the national economy of Finland achieved significant results in its development. The article emphasizes that

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Mironov, Victor V. "«INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY» AND «GLOBAL BRITAIN». SOME PRACTICAL ASPECT OF APPLYING THE CONCEPT ENGLISH SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS." History and Modern Perspectives 3, no. 2 (2021): 57–64. https://doi.org/10.33693/2658-4654-2021-3-2-57-64.

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This article is devote to the possibilities of applying the concept of international society to the analysis individual problems in International relations and Foreign policy of the modern Great Britain. The English school of international relations recognized by modern science as a vivid example of a kind of autonomous theoretical approach to international politics. The ideas of the school began to develop in the middle of the last century, acquired the character of a scientific concept by the end of the 1970s. and today they have been developing for three generations of researchers. The conc

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Hrubinko, Andriy. "Formation of the Foreign Policy Dimension of European Integration in the 40’s – 80’s Years of the 20th Century." European Historical Studies, no. 15 (2020): 6–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2020.15.1.

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The article is devoted to study history of formation mechanisms of foreign policy of the European Communities in the period before creation of the European Union (40s – 80s of the XXth century). The dynamics formation of the foreign and security component of European integration from the first postwar projects of political association of the leading states of Western Europe (France and Great Britain) to creation in the early 1970s of a mechanism of European political cooperation (EPC) and its further activity are traced. The article analyzes political and legal status, evolution of the organiz

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LIVTSOV, V. A., and S. P. FEDOTOV. "PILGRIMAGE TO THE HOLY LAND IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIONS BETWEEN THE RUSSIAN CHURCH AND THE ANGLICANS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY." JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AND MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION 13, no. 4 (2024): 88–100. https://doi.org/10.22394/2225-8272-2024-13-4-88-100.

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The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the development of pilgrimage to the Holy Land in the context of the dialogue between the Russian Church and the Anglicans in the second half of the 19th century. This process was inextricably linked with the diplomatic relations of the Russian Empire and Great Britain. In the 19th century, the territory of Central Asia and the Middle East attracted the attention of Russia and England. In addition to diplomatic methods of expanding the sphere of influence in this region, missionary work was also used. The problem of the article is to

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Bessonova, Maryna. "Central and Eastern Europe in Canadian Foreign Policy." International Relations: Theory and Practical Aspects, no. 10 (December 24, 2022): 6–33. https://doi.org/10.31866/2616-745X.10.2022.269475.

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This article examines the place of Central and Eastern Europe among Canadian foreign policy priorities. Canada’s active involvement in international events started in the 20th century and evolved from the monocentric orientation on Great Britain/the United States towards multilateralism and active participation in international organisations and institutions. During the Cold War, the main vector of Canadian policy towards the region was to prevent the spread of communism and to weaken the ties of these countries with the Soviet bloc. At that time, policy towards Central and Eastern Europ

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Поршнева, О. С. "First World War in the British “Ritual Policy” of the second half of 20th - early 21st century: traditions and innovations." Диалог со временем, no. 75(75) (May 12, 2021): 253–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2021.75.75.012.

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В статье сквозь призму мемориальных практик рассматриваются проблемы эволюции политики памяти в отношении I мировой войны в Великобритании второй половины ХХ – начала XXI в. Показаны роль и взаимодействие акторов политики памяти: государства, агентов гражданского общества в процессе установления, поддержания и изменения ритуалов коммемораций и воплощенных в них «посланий». Характеризуется фактор Второй мировой в переосмыслении Великой войны и трансформации мемориальных практик, создании новых ритуалов, объединяющих память о павших в обеих войнах. Рассматриваются общественные дискуссии 1960–198

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Danilov, Alexey Vitalievich. "US public diplomacy in the Republic of Cyprus 1974-2004." RUDN Journal of World History 12, no. 2 (2020): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2020-12-2-136-146.

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The article covers the period of the development of public diplomacy of the United States of America in the Republic of Cyprus. The chronological framework is determined by the process of historical formation of the US public policy and the beginning of the active implementation of public diplomacy programs on the island as a means of fulfilling foreign policy tasks. The author points out that the political course of the leadership of the United States from the second half of the 20th century was focused on more active inclusion of the country in international politics and the rejection of iso

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Naumov, Alexander Olegovich. "The Commonwealth of Nations as an actor of the soft power of the British Empire." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 4 (April 2025): 126–34. https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2025.4.70978.

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The object of the study is the soft power of the British Empire in the 20th century; the subject is a unique interstate organization, which has been functioning under the name of the Commonwealth of Nations since 1949. The author examines such aspects of the topic as the potential of the soft power of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, key success factors of London's policy in this area, including the historical legacy of the British Empire; the process of creating the British Commonwealth of Nations, the activities of the renewed Commonwealth of Nations in the second ha

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Papenko, Nataliia. "Colonial Policy of German Empire in China and Oceania in the Last Third of XIX – Beginning of XX Century." European Historical Studies, no. 13 (2019): 157–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2019.13.157-182.

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The relevance of the topic is determined by the historical significance of the problems that are raised in it. In the article the author discovers the methods and forms of Germany’s colonial policy in the last third part of the 19th – in the beginning of the 20th centuries in China and Oceania. The German Empire was the last from the world’s leading states that entered the path of colonial seizures. The author emphasizes that German politicians generally were satisfied with the development of the country after 1871. For a long time, the range of interests of an imperial chancellor O. von Bisma

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Nikitin, D. S. "Indian National Congress in the years of the Curzon’s government (1899–1905): problems of development." Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (History and political science), no. 2 (May 2, 2022): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-676x-2022-2-96-103.

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Aim. To study the influence of the Indian policy of Viceroy Curzon on the development of the Indian National Congress and the national movement in British India in the late 19th – early 20th centuries.Methodology. Based on the annual reports on the sessions of the Indian National Congress, the works of the Congress leaders (A. O. Hume, G. K. Gokhale) and Curzon, the author considers the problem of the relationship between the INC and the government, Curzon’s views on India’s place in the British Empire, the influence of the Viceroy’s administrative decisions on the processes of internal develo

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Malkin, S. G., and A. I. Lezin. "FROM THE GREAT GAME TO THE COLD WAR: SMALL WARS ON THE EAST IN THE BRITISH AND RUSSIAN MILITARY THOUGHT IN THE FIRST THIRD OF THE 20TH CENTURY." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. History Sciences 4, no. 4 (2022): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/2658-4816-2022-4-4-77-81.

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The understanding of a small war as a model of a colonial insurgency was a characteristic feature of the development of the military thought of European empires that were expanding their borders. The authors see this process as a reflection of discussions about the role of military authorities in ensuring the colonial order. Comparison of the Russian and British cases in the first third of the 20th century allows us to move beyond the traditional framework of the “Great Game” in studying the peculiarities of the use of military force in the eastern outskirts of the Russian and British empires.

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Romanova, Natalia G., and Keemya V. Orlova. "PRESENTATION OF THE COLLECTIVE MONOGRAPH “COMINTERN AND THE EAST: TO THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDATION OF THE COMINTERN” IN THE INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES, RAS." Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, no. 1 (19) (2022): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2022-1-245-251.

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The collective monograph “Comintern and the East: To the 100th Anniversary of the Foundation of the Comintern” focuses on the activities of the Comintern in the Eastern countries. Based on the newly discovered documents and materials from Russian and foreign archives, the collective of authors proposes to look at the events of the early 20th century from the perspective of the 21st century, and to expand the understanding of the place and role of the Communist International in the context of internal political, geopolitical, economic, national liberation processes as well as the main direction

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Kryuchkov, Igor V., Natalia D. Kryuchkova та Ashot A. Melkonyan. "Внешняя торговля Британской Индии на рубеже XIX–XX вв. (по материалам дипломатических представительств России)". Oriental studies 15, № 2 (2022): 200–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2022-60-2-200-213.

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Introduction. The history of British Raj’s foreign economic activity development at the turn of the 20th century remains somewhat understudied both in Russian and foreign historiography. Since the 1880s, India significantly increased foreign trade to become Asia’s leader in this regard. Goals. The paper aims at examining dynamics of India’s export-import operations and foreign trade by countries. Materials and methods. The article analyzes reports and accounts of Russian diplomats to have worked in British Raj, the Near East, and Great Britain. The employed research methods include the histori

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Krause, Oliver. "Mackinder's “heartland” – legitimation of US foreign policy in World War II and the Cold War of the 1950s." Geographica Helvetica 78, no. 1 (2023): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-78-183-2023.

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Abstract. The British geographer Halford J. Mackinder developed two different concepts of a dystopian new global order. The first, developed in 1904 and known as the pivot area concept, was adopted by German geopolitician Karl Haushofer in the 1920s. The second, developed in 1919, was named the heartland theory and was adopted in Great Britain and the USA. Haushofer reversed the dystopian vision of the pivot area concept into a utopian concept for German world power. Due to Haushofer's adaptation, interest in Mackinder's theories rose in the USA in the 1940s. Within the process of adaptation i

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Mironov, V. V. "«The Children of Darkness» and «International Community»: Colonial Policy from the Perspective of the English School of International Relations." Izvestiya of Altai State University, no. 6(116) (December 18, 2020): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2020)6-05.

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The article is devoted to the evaluation of the role of colonial policy in the works of historians of the English School of international relations. The aim of the article is to highlight the main stages in the study of colonial problems in the concept of international society and to show the specifics of the evaluation of colonialism in the historiographic aspect. The sources of the work were texts of leading representatives of this scientific community. The historiographical analysis shows that there are three stages in the study of colonial issues in the English School of international rela

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Suzdaltsev, Ilya. "Modern English Historiography of the Communist International: A General Overview." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 4 (2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640013465-9.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the 21st-century English-language historiography of the Communist International. Contemporary historians are showing increasing interest in the study of this international organization. Three available conceptual approaches to this topic (“traditionalist”, “revisionist”, and “post-revisionist”) are considered and characterized, the works of historians from Great Britain, the USA, Canada, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand are analyzed. The article demonstrates an increase in research interest in the Communist International. In a fairly large volume of stu

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Ogarkova, I. V., and G. N. Rykun. "Historical background of the formation of social policy in Spain in the late XIXearly XX centuries." Гуманитарные и юридические исследования 11, no. 4 (2024): 680–86. https://doi.org/10.37493/2409-1030.2024.4.9.

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Introduction. The article studies the identification of historical prerequisites for the formation of social policy in Spain in the late XIX-early XX centuries. The authors believe that the historical approach to this topic allows a comprehensive approach to the peculiarities of the formation of social policy in the modern world. The study of this problem since the 19th century is due to the fact that it was from that time in such European countries as Great Britain, France and Germany that the issues of the formation of social policy and its importance in society became significant. Materials

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Horowitz, Michael M. "Dams, Cows, and Vulnerable People: Anthropological Contributions to Sustainable Development (The Distinguishedl Lecture)." Pakistan Development Review 34, no. 4I (1995): 481–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v34i4ipp.481-508.

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It is with considerable trepidation that I agreed to address so distinguished a gathering of development economists, theoreticians, and practitioners. I was enormously honoured when Professor Naqvi invited me to make this presentation, and at the same time impressed with my own temerity at having accepted. I am not an economist; at best, I contribute to the emerging discipline of economic anthropology, that subfield of anthropology that some have baptised as the “dismal science of the 20th century.” I locate my research within a subfield of that subfield, in a specifically development anthropo

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Krekhivskyi, O. V. "Statistics of Industrial Protectionism. Part I: The Formation of Organizational and Institutional Mechanisms." Statistics of Ukraine 102, no. 3-4 (2023): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/10.31767/su.3-4(102-103)2023.03-04.04.

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Numerous decisions made by the Ukrainian government in the conditions of a state of war require high-quality data. Among the identified priorities for the recovery of the domestic economy is the development of strategic industries, the implementation of which will necessitate new state decisions, along with statistical data to assess their outcomes. Historical parallels between the situation at the beginning of the 20th century and recent events serve as the basis for the assumption that the answer to the question of "How to accelerate the economic recovery of Ukraine?" should be sought not in

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Korunova, E. V. "Neutrality or Involvement? World War II and Evolution of Foreign Policy Concepts of the Nordic Countries." Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 12, no. 3 (2020): 222–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2020-12-3-222-256.

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In the middle of the 20th century a unique subsystem of international relations emerged in the Northern Europe, which has turned it into one of the stablest and most peaceful regions during the Cold War period. Nowadays, rising international tensions bring new relevance to the history lessons of World War II, its origins and aftermaths. The paper examines the evolution of the Nordic countries’ views on the issue of neutrality from mid-1930s to the end of 1940s. The ﬁrst section considers the approaches of the Scandinavian countries to the establishment of a collective security system in the re

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Renner, Judith. "Animal protection as animal welfare and anti-cruelty: a genealogical re-examination of the EU seal products ban." International Relations 37, no. 3 (2023): 538–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00471178231191290.

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This article suggests a way to inquire into animal protection politics as a specific field of international politics which regulates human-animal relations. Based on a genealogical analysis of the emergence of animal protection thinking in 19th and 20th century Great Britain, it argues that animal protection is structured by two specific strategies, anti-cruelty and animal welfare, that constitute our knowledge of what animal protection is and how it can be achieved. Whereas animal welfare suggests that animal protection means the meticulous technical standardisation of animal use along the sc

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Тихонов, А. С. "Германская колониальная экспансия в Китай в конце XIX в." Historia provinciae - the journal of regional history 8, № 4 (2024): 1175–97. https://doi.org/10.23859/2587-8344-2024-8-4-3.

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В статье рассматривается германская политика, которая проводилась в восточноазиатском регионе в конце XIX в. и была направлена на приобретение незамерзающего порта в Китае с целью дальнейшей экономической экспансии в регионе. Проанализированы экономические и военно-политические причины расширения влияния Второго рейха на Восточную Азию в конце XIX – начале XX в. Выявлены основания выбора порта Цзяочжоу в качестве основной цели германской колониальной политики в Восточной Азии и роль Альфреда фон Тирпица в выборе данного порта. Кроме того, обозначена степень влияния германского военно-морского

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Lanskoy, Grigorii. "Fundamental and applied aspects of geopolitical studies in USA and their influence on contemporary practice of international relations." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International relations 16, no. 2 (2023): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.203.

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Paper is devoted to methodology and content of geopolitical studies realizing in United States of America. In their complex are analyzing historical and political studies of theoretical and practical type oriented to analysis of forms and directions of expansion and governance of different territories by state power institutions. In quality of examples having from point of contemporary development of international relations evident actuality in paper are selected monographs and articles devoted to external policy of Russian Empire in period of second half of 19th and beginning of 20th century.

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MARUSYNETS, Marianna. "CHARACTERISTICS OF IRISH IDENTITYAND THE PARTICIPATION OF THE IRISH DIASPORA IN THE POLITICAL PROCESS IN THE USA." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. International relations, no. 1 (58) (2024): 79–85. https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2292.2024/1-58/79-85.

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Background. At the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century Irish–Americans became a powerful political force in US cities. Based on the principles of loyalty to the individual and the organization, they helped to create the so–called “political machines” capable of winning votes in various elections. The history of both Ireland and the United States are intertwined through migration, trade and economic ties, and diplomatic pressure from governments and non–state actors. The two young nations were united by a common history of British colonialism. Methods. The methodolo

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Koterov, A. N., O. A. Tikhonova, L. N. Ushenkova, and A. P. Biryukov. "History of controlled trials in medicine: real priorities are little-known. Report 3. Quasi-randomized and randomized trials in humans and animals." FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology 14, no. 4 (2022): 593–631. http://dx.doi.org/10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2021.091.

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The three-report review is aimed to describe the historical development of clinical trials, controlled trials (CT) and randomized controlled trials (RCT), and the inclusion of these approaches in health-related disciplines (Medicine and Epidemiology). Report 3 summarizes historical milestones (ideas and studies) for quasi-randomized CT (‘alternate allocation’; 88 milestones) and RCT (37 milestones). It was found that although the ideas of both designs are a thing of the past (from A. Lesassier Hamilton (1816) and J.B. Van Helmont (1648), respectively), the bulk of the tests were carried out in

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