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1
Ray, Pranabesh. "Book Review: Industrial Relations and Collective Bargaining: Training Manual for Trade Union Leaders." Management and Labour Studies 25, no. 4 (October 2000): 300–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0258042x0002500410.
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Kerri, Kenneth D. "An industrial pretreatment facility inspector training program." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 5 (September 1, 1994): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0244.
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The US federal pretreatment regulations have created a demand for qualified pretreatment facility inspectors. The objectives of the General Pretreatment Regulations are to protect publicly owned treatment works (POTWs), prevent pollutants from upsetting treatment processes, improve opportunities to reclaim or recycle wastewaters and sludges and reduce health and environmental risks from discharge of toxic pollutants to POTWs. Pretreatment inspectors have the responsibility of protecting municipal wastewater collection systems, treatment plants and the environment from the damage that may occur when industries discharge hazardous or toxic materials into a wastewater collection system. The inspectors must possess the knowledge and skills to perform their jobs safely and fairly. To meet this need, a training program using the independent-study (correspondence) format was developed and field tested. Experienced inspectors active in the field prepared the training material on the basis of what pretreatment facility inspectors “need to know” to do their job. The training program has been implemented and used by inspectors as home-study or self-paced instruction (correspondence) as well as by colleges and universities as a textbook in formal classes. Since 1988 over 1600 persons have successfully completed this training program and over 7000 copies of the training manual have been sold throughout the world. In areas where the training program has been used, the results of an effective pretreatment program using qualified inspectors is very impressive. An agency with a training program that produces competent inspectors can have an effective pretreatment program.
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Mohd Rashid, Norhidayah, Hairunnisa Ma’amor, Norshima Humaidi, and Wan Soraya Wan Abdul Ghani. "The Development of Students Industrial Training Information System (FBM-STIS)." ADVANCES IN BUSINESS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 7, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/abrij.v7i1.14308.
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Student Industrial Training Information System (FBM-STIS) purposely developed for final year students from Faculty of Business and Management (FBM), Puncak Alam Campus who searching for industrial placement that fit with their studied background. It is aim to increase the accuracy and efficiency of the industrial placement process. The manual process required 107 days to complete and due to this long process, its increase the workload of administrative staff, workflow inefficiency and lead to poor record management. Through FBM-STIS, students need to fill up the internship application via online and this is in-line with Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0) emerged worldwide. This system allowed students to request and check the status of the Application Letter (AL), dan Conformation Letter (CL) online without visiting FBM - Industrial Training Unit (FBM-ITU) counter physically. Hence, FBM-STIS also help internship coordinator to manage and monitor the application process online because of the easy access of the system; FBM-STIS can be accessed anytime and anywhere.
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Loch, Frieder, Ulrich Ziegler, and Birgit Vogel-Heuser. "Integrating Haptic Interaction into a Virtual Training System for Manual Procedures in Industrial Environments." IFAC-PapersOnLine 51, no. 11 (2018): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.08.235.
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Bridger, R. S. "Abdominal belts for manual handling in industry: The evidence for and against." South African Journal of Physiotherapy 54, no. 2 (May 31, 1998): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajp.v54i2.594.
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The paper reviews research on the use of abdominal belts for industrial back injury prevention programmes. The evidence for biomechanical, physiological and psychophysical effects of belt use is presented, following a brief theoretical discussion. Although there is some laboratory evidence that abdominal belts protect the spine when lifting, the findings of field studies are equivocal. Previously injured workers seem to benefit the most both from "back school" training combined with wearing abdominal belts at work. However, far from being the solution to industrial manual handling problems, abdominal belts have only a small part to play in comprehensive risk management programmes aimed at reducing back problems in the workplace.
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Le Bellu, Sophie, Saadi Lahlou, Valery Nosulenko, and Elena Samoylenko. "Studying activity in manual work: a framework for analysis and training." Le travail humain 79, no. 1 (2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/th.791.0007.
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Hoedt, Steven, Arno Claeys, Hendrik Van Landeghem, and Johannes Cottyn. "The evaluation of an elementary virtual training system for manual assembly." International Journal of Production Research 55, no. 24 (September 11, 2017): 7496–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2017.1374572.
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Mahlamäki, Katrine, and Marko Nieminen. "Analysis of manual data collection in maintenance context." Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering 26, no. 1 (March 6, 2019): 104–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jqme-12-2017-0091.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify details of technological, organizational and people (TOP) factors affecting maintenance technicians’ use of computerized maintenance management systems (CMMS) in manual collection of asset data. Design/methodology/approach In addition to TOP factor details, results from six case studies in Finland, India and the Caribbean are presented. Interviews and observations clarify the role of TOP factors in CMMS use in industrial maintenance. Findings In total, 17 detailed TOP factors are identified and criteria for analyzing CMMS contexts with them are defined. Analyzing the cases with these factors reveals that technicians who collect good quality data have received good training and instructions for the CMMS, are competent, and understand how manually collected data benefits them in their own work. However, even these sites struggle with the usability of the CMMS. Research limitations/implications The 17 TOP factors and the criteria for CMMS evaluation extend understanding on context and usability in manual data collection. Case study method does not imply the relative importance of the TOP factors, which calls for future research using quantitative methods. Practical implications Management can use the criteria to analyze the context of manual data collection for improvements, e.g., in CMMS usability. Originality/value Insights from industrial environments and a new way of studying contextual factors of CMMS use are presented. The results extend a data quality research framework with details to manual data collection and define the TOP factors in CMMS context.
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Paterson, Andrew. "“The Gospel Of Work Does Not Save Souls”: Conceptions Of Industrial And Agricultural Education For Africans In the Cape Colony, 1890–1930." History of Education Quarterly 45, no. 3 (2005): 377–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2005.tb00040.x.
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Charles T. Loram was an important proponent of fashioning African education in ways that would best meet the needs of the colonial system. In the 1920s, Loram championed adapting the colonial curriculum away from “bookishness” towards a manual and agricultural orientation in order to meet the “needs” of rural Africans, as white settlers defined them. As his ideas on adaptation matured, Loram wrote an influential book, The Education of the South African Native in 1917, in which he stated: “On the necessity of industrial training for the Natives of South Africa there is remarkable unanimity. Government commissions and officials, missionaries and students of the Native Question, and the general public all agree that industrial training should be made the chief end of Native education.” What is interesting about this statement is the certainty with which Loram attributed consensus on the question of industrial training to all white colonial interest groups. Loram claimed “unanimity” in order to strengthen his argument for the particular form of industrial education that he favored. Yet, even though colonial actors ostensibly agreed on the need for “industrial education,” they lacked a common definition of “industrial education” which raises the question: were they agreeing to the same thing?
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Jiao, Zeyu, Guozhu Jia, and Yingjie Cai. "Ensuring Computers Understand Manual Operations in Production: Deep-Learning-Based Action Recognition in Industrial Workflows." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 2, 2020): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030966.
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In this study, we consider fully automated action recognition based on deep learning in the industrial environment. In contrast to most existing methods, which rely on professional knowledge to construct complex hand-crafted features, or only use basic deep-learning methods, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), to extract information from images in the production process, we exploit a novel and effective method, which integrates multiple deep-learning networks including CNNs, spatial transformer networks (STNs), and graph convolutional networks (GCNs) to process video data in industrial workflows. The proposed method extracts both spatial and temporal information from video data. The spatial information is extracted by estimating the human pose of each frame, and the skeleton image of the human body in each frame is obtained. Furthermore, multi-frame skeleton images are processed by GCN to obtain temporal information, meaning the action recognition results are predicted automatically. By training on a large human action dataset, Kinetics, we apply the proposed method to the real-world industrial environment and achieve superior performance compared with the existing methods.
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Erden, Mustafa Suphi, and Aude Billard. "Robotic training for hand movements during manual welding with real-time alarm feedback." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 42, no. 6 (October 19, 2015): 554–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-04-2015-0083.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to develop a robotic training system for the hand movements during manual welding. The system provides real-time notice-feedback with sound or light alarms, whenever the welding hand vibrates beyond the nominal level observed with professional welders. Design/methodology/approach – The large variations of hand movements are detected by monitoring the deviation of the tool position from a smooth curve estimated in real time by a Kalman filter. An alarm is generated in the form of a flashing light or beep sound whenever the deviations exceed a predetermined threshold. The performance of hand movements is measured in terms of the variations of the position data. Twelve novice and five professional welders took part in the experiments and answered a questionnaire that assessed the usability and work load of the system. Findings – Compared to the sound alarms, the light alarms resulted in a larger and statistically significant decrease in the variation of hand movements of the novice welders and brought the level of variation close to that of the professional welders. The alarms did not result in a significant decrease in the variation of hand movements of the professional welders. The responses to the questionnaire indicated that both professional and novice welders found the system useful and they did not experience any significant work load. Social implications – The system developed in this study can ease the training of novice welders, by speeding up the learning and reducing the need for human tutors. Originality/value – This study is first to provide real-time notice-feedback for training while manual welding, based on a comparison of the performances of novice and professional welders.
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Frahm, Jan-Peter, TAMAS POCS, BRIAN O´SHEA, TIMO KOPONEN, SINIKKA PIIPPO, JOHANNES ENROTH, PENGCHENG RAO, and YIN-MING FANG. "Manual of Tropical Bryology." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 23, no. 1 (August 20, 2003): 1–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.23.1.1.
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It is still a fact that most bryologists per area are found in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, who have spent up to 200 years (as in Europe) in the exploration of their bryofloras with the result that these countries have not only floras for identification of the comparably low number of species but some countries have already detailed grid maps of the distribution of all species. On the other hand, there are vast regions in the tropics which are very insufficiently explored. So far, the knowledge of bryophytes in these regions was predominantly provided by scientists from North America, Europe or Japan. Still much work is done by scientists and - during the past decades also increasingly - even by advanced amateurs from these countries. Regretably, these activities are often misunderstood by local biologists in the tropics and especially by the authorities of these states as scientific exploitation, and recently collecting of material for genetic studies as plundering of genetic ressources, which is nonsense but makes research difficult or even impossible in such countries. In this regard, the question raises why there are so few bryologists in tropical countries and even no bryologists in many countries? Usually, the lack of ressources such as laboratories, money, libraries, herbaria etc. is presented as arguments, which does not match the point, since many bryologists in industrial countries suffer from similar restrictions and sometimes have worth working consitions than colleagues in tropical countries, but make nevertheless valuable contributions to tropical bryology. Even amateurs have contributed a lot to tropical bryology in the past. The fewest bryologists work in such famous places as Missouri or New York Botanical Garden. Many of them are from eastern, former communistic countries and never gave up to promote tropical bryology under these conditions. In my opinion, the most crucial point is that students in tropical countries get not in contact with bryophytes, and mainly because of the lack of literature. Nobody can expect that students pick up a subject for their thesis if there is no literature available. This manual is therefore devoted to these students. Possibilities to gain a bryological training in industrial countries and paid by these countries were used only by few students, although available. And if these students do not come to us, we have to go to them (which is even cheaper). This is the reason for the increased number of courses on tropical bryology in the past.
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Subramaniam, Velusamy, Geok soon Hong, and Kwee Boon Low. "Adaptive use of training aids to improve operators performance in manual tracking." International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology 14, no. 1/2/3 (2001): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcat.2001.000265.
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Srividhya, R., K. Shanmugapriya, and K. Sindhu Priya. "Automatic Detection of Surface Defects in Industrial Materials Based on Image Processing." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.34 (September 1, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.34.18717.
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In the field of industry, corrosion and defects are amongst the most frequent operations. Industrial Materials have periodic defects that are difficult to detect during production even by experienced human inspectors. Defects are difficult to detect during production even by experienced human inspectors. Usually, the colour transfer process contains an image segmentation phase and an image construction phase. Therefore, we introduce an image processing method for automatically detecting the defects in surfaces. We show how barely visible defect can be optically enhanced to improve annual assessment as well as how descriptor-based image processing and machine learning can be used to allow automated detection. Image enhancement is performed by applying manual calculation. We implement this simulation using MATLAB R2013a. Results show that the proposed allows training both tested classifiers with good classification rates around 98.9%.
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Flägel, Kristina. "Medical Students’ Attitudes, Experiences and Future Perspectives on Complementary Medicine - an Exploratory Study." Alternative, Complementary & Integrative Medicine 7, no. 2 (May 28, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/acim-7562/100151.
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To conclude, universities should react to the medical students‘ needs by extending their CM curriculum allowing for positive, personal experiences. Nutrition therapy, manual medicine and relaxation techniques should be included in medical education since most students imagined to use these CM therapies as physicians. Critical appraisal of and training in homeopathy and manual medicine might positively influence students‘ attitudes towards CM.
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Tang, Gilbert, and Phil Webb. "The Design and Evaluation of an Ergonomic Contactless Gesture Control System for Industrial Robots." Journal of Robotics 2018 (May 14, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9791286.
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In industrial human-robot collaboration, variability commonly exists in the operation environment and the components, which induces uncertainty and error that require frequent manual intervention for rectification. Conventional teach pendants can be physically demanding to use and require user training prior to operation. Thus, a more effective control interface is required. In this paper, the design and evaluation of a contactless gesture control system using Leap Motion is described. The design process involves the use of RULA human factor analysis tool. Separately, an exploratory usability test was conducted to compare three usability aspects between the developed gesture control system and an off-the-shelf conventional touchscreen teach pendant. This paper focuses on the user-centred design methodology of the gesture control system. The novelties of this research are the use of human factor analysis tools in the human-centred development process, as well as the gesture control design that enable users to control industrial robot’s motion by its joints and tool centre point position. The system has potential to use as an input device for industrial robot control in a human-robot collaboration scene. The developed gesture control system was targeting applications in system recovery and error correction in flexible manufacturing environment shared between humans and robots. The system allows operators to control an industrial robot without the requirement of significant training.
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Zharkimbekova, Aizhan, Ademi Ospanova, Kakim Sagindykov, and Makhabbat Kokkoz. "Implementation and Commercialization of the Results of the “Multidisciplinary Mobile Computer Classroom Based on Raspberry Pi” Project." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 15, no. 13 (July 10, 2020): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i13.14665.
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This paper describes the developed technology for using the Raspberry Pi micro-computer to teach practical skills on computer networks and operating systems. The effectiveness of acquiring skills using the proposed technology is due to the fact that it allows organizing the workshops with personal support with the necessary special tools. The paper presents a largely implemented project on an initiative basis, preceding the work on commercialization of the described results. In the present work a full detailed content of the steps for implementation and subsequent commercialization of the solutions presented in the project is given. There was assembled a prototype of the hardware-software device. There were developed individual training kits for distribution to students in the classroom. To study the disciplines “Computer Networks” and “Operating Systems”, methodological recommendations on the operation and maintenance of the described computer class were prepared; a methodological manual is being prepared for studying these disciplines using these training kits; the guidelines for operation of devices and components were developed. The work also prepared boot files with the predefined working environment for each discipline. These files include the needed operating systems, the needed preinstalled software, a customized user interface, the needed literature, a training manual, and methodological recommendations. In terms of commercialization, the calculations were carried out on the costs of organizing a computer class based on the Raspberry Pi: implementation of the developed technology; the effectiveness of its implementation was evaluated. A commercial plan was drawn up and calculations were made on the current date with the reference mainly to Kazakhstan; the trial design and layout of the packaging case, information stickers and cover (as well as layout) of the training manual were completed; industrial designs were developed in order to prepare the project for commercialization. The results are practically significant, when they were received, widespread methodology and development tools were used, they can be universally used, including in the field of education without any restrictions.
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Lipka, Melanie, David Meinel, Stefan Müller, Erik Sippel, Jörg Franke, and Martin Vossiek. "A Wireless Angle and Position Tracking Concept for Live Data Control of Advanced, Semi-Automated Manufacturing Processes." Sensors 20, no. 9 (May 2, 2020): 2589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092589.
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Despite recent industrial automation advances, small series production still requires a considerable amount of manual work, and training, and monitoring of workers is consuming a significant amount of time and manpower. Adopting live monitoring of the stages in manual production, along with the comprehensive representation of production steps, may help resolve this problem. For ergonomic live support, the overall system presented in this paper combines localization, torque control, and a rotation counter in a novel approach to monitor of semi-automated manufacturing processes. A major challenge in this context is tracking, especially hand-guided tools, without the disruptions and restrictions necessary with rigid position encoders. In this paper, a promising measurement concept involving wireless wave-based sensors for close-range position tracking in industrial surroundings is proposed. By using simple beacons, the major share of processing is transferred to fixed nodes, allowing for reduced hardware size and power consumption for the wireless mobile units. This requires designated localization approaches relying on only relative phase information, similar to the proposed Kalman-filter-based-beam-tracking approach. Measurement results show a beam-tracking accuracy of about 0.58 ∘ in azimuth and 0.89 ∘ in elevation, resulting in an overall tracking accuracy of about 3.18 cm.
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Morozenko, Olena, and Natalia Gribanova. "Innovative approaches and information technologies to improve the quality of teaching graphic disciplines for students with hearing impairments in the specialties "Industrial engineering" and "Applied mechanics"." System technologies 4, no. 135 (April 5, 2021): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34185/1562-9945-4-135-2021-05.
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The article raises the problem of teaching hearing impaired and describes the experi-ence of the application of methodical system of student-oriented training to graphic disci-plines.Ways to increase the efficiency of training for people with hearing impairments are considered, the importance of knowledge of graphic disciplines in the technical education for this category of students is shown, features of teaching engineering and graphic disciplines for students are analyzed.We consider the educational technology of graphic disciplines using innovative teach-ing methods that contribute to the informatization of education for this category of students; conceptual basis for improving the quality of graphic training of young professionals with technical education; innovative methods of lecturing, conducting practical classes in graphic disciplines; applied computer programs and their practical application in the study of graphic disciplines. Various approaches to teaching graphic disciplines for students with hearing impair-ments are shown, and the chosen teaching method training area is substantiated. It is most efficient to organize the learning process in parallel, optimally connecting the manual and computer execution of the drawings. The use of information and communication technologies in special education opens up new perspectives for training, to optimize the process of learning by students ; stimulating the emergence of new learning technologies facilitates the communication process allows to realize their potential , promotes the expansion of social ties.
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Hyland, Terry. "The Repair Shop as a Sign of the Cultural Resurgence of Craft and Manual Work." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 3 (April 1, 2021): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.84.9894.
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Given the low standing of vocational studies in English education and other systems around the world at the present time, it is refreshing to note the resurgence of interest in craft and manual work. The currently popular BBC programme, The Repair Shop, is a celebration of this renewed interest and offers an especially graphic representation of the virtues and values of craft and handwork. It is suggested that such example of cultural practice can help towards the enhancement of vocational education and training in schools and colleges, and assist in bridging of the divisions between academic and vocational studies at all levels of education systems.
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Goddard, Connie. "The Bordentown School as Institution and Idea: The Manual Training and Industrial School Honored Educational Priorities of Washington, Du Bois, and Dewey." New Jersey Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 4, no. 2 (July 20, 2018): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14713/njs.v4i2.125.
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Given its various accomplishments and distinctions, the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth in Bordentown, New Jersey (which existed from 1886-1955), is surprisingly little known in the state or among historians of education. A state-supported boarding school for boys and girls, it combined a solid academic program with practical work experience through a highly structured school day and a dedicated faculty that also lived on campus. Its mission was to direct students, many from unstable backgrounds, into stable jobs or further education. Though frequently called “Tuskegee of the North,” the school as led by long-time principal William R. Valentine was arguably influenced as much by John Dewey, who in a 1915 book about progressive education had praised another school Valentine headed earlier. As a meeting place for black cultural leaders in the state from the 1920s through the 1940s, the school also exposed its students to avenues through life that could enable them to become leaders themselves. Thus, the school can be viewed as manifesting the priorities articulated by Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois, as well as by Dewey.
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Batliner, M., S. Hess, C. Ehrlich-Adám, Q. Lohmeyer, and M. Meboldt. "Automated areas of interest analysis for usability studies of tangible screen-based user interfaces using mobile eye tracking." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 34, no. 4 (September 11, 2020): 505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060420000372.
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AbstractThe user's gaze can provide important information for human–machine interaction, but the analysis of manual gaze data is extremely time-consuming, inhibiting wide adoption in usability studies. Existing methods for automated areas of interest (AOI) analysis cannot be applied to tangible products with a screen-based user interface (UI), which have become ubiquitous in everyday life. The objective of this paper is to present and evaluate a method to automatically map the user's gaze to dynamic AOIs on tangible screen-based UIs based on computer vision and deep learning. This paper presents an algorithm for automated Dynamic AOI Mapping (aDAM), which allows the automated mapping of gaze data recorded with mobile eye tracking to the predefined AOIs on tangible screen-based UIs. The evaluation of the algorithm is performed using two medical devices, which represent two extreme examples of tangible screen-based UIs. The different elements of aDAM are examined for accuracy and robustness, as well as the time saved compared to manual mapping. The break-even point for an analyst's effort for aDAM compared to manual analysis is found to be 8.9 min gaze data time. The accuracy and robustness of both the automated gaze mapping and the screen matching indicate that aDAM can be applied to a wide range of products. aDAM allows, for the first time, automated AOI analysis of tangible screen-based UIs with AOIs that dynamically change over time. The algorithm requires some additional initial input for the setup and training, but analyzed gaze data duration and effort is only determined by computation time and does not require any additional manual work thereafter. The efficiency of the approach has the potential for a broader adoption of mobile eye tracking in usability testing for the development of new products and may contribute to a more data-driven usability engineering process in the future.
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Sene-Mir, Anna M., Mariona Portell, M. Teresa Anguera, and Salvador Chacón-Moscoso. "Manual Material Handling Training: The Effect of Self-Observation, Hetero-Observational and Intrinsic Feedback on Workers’ Knowledge and Behaviour." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (November 3, 2020): 8095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218095.
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This study aimed to assess the effect of systematic self-observation, hetero-observational feedback, and feedforward and intrinsic feedback (SsObserWork components) on workers’ knowledge and behaviour of a manual material handling (MMH) technique in the industrial sector. Blue-collar workers recruited from a food processing company in Catalonia (Spain) were randomized into SsObserWork (N = 31) and control (N = 30) groups. SsObserWork group members participated individually in two sessions and a three-week follow-up between sessions where they received the SsObserWork components. The control group participated individually in two sessions where they received a standard MMH training. An ad hoc instrumentcalled the MMH-SsObserWork instrument was used to assess the MMH behaviour, and an adaption of the instrument was done to assess the workers’ knowledge. Significant differences were found between groups for the identification of recommended back positions in the first session and also on comparing both sessions. However, no differences were found for the rest of the criteria. There also were significant differences between groups in the score changes of the back, knee joints, elbow joints, and interaction criterion, indicating that the SsObserWork group improved the MMH performance in these criteria (behaviour). SsObserWork intervention showed a positive effect on improving the knowledge and behaviour of the MMH technique, specifically on back posture.
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Evans, Susan M., and Don B. Chaffin. "Organizational and Process Differences Influencing Ergonomic Design." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 30, no. 8 (September 1986): 734–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128603000801.
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A study of current design practices was conducted to identify organizational and design process differences influencing the use of ergonomic information in manual workspace design. Significant differences regarding the design information sources and objectives existed between preliminary, or division-level, and detailed, or plant-level, design activities. Ergonomic concerns, e.g., health and safety factors and operator feedback, were most clearly present in plant-level design; unfortunately, plant designers also had the least flexibility, in terms of design parameters to vary, and dollars to spend, to retrofit inadequate designs. Results indicate specific factors, (such as designer temporal and geographic proximity to the design implementation), to consider during the development of an effective industrial ergonomics training program.
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Abramovich, Gil, Juyang Weng, and Debasish Dutta. "Adaptive Part Inspection Through Developmental Vision." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 127, no. 4 (March 8, 2005): 846–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2039103.
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We present a novel online inspection method for manufacturing processes that automatically adapts to variations in part and environmental properties. This method is based on a developmental learning architecture comprising a procedure that focuses attention to apparently defective regions, a recognition method that performs automatic feature derivation based on a set of training images and hierarchical classification, and an action step that controls attention and further decision processes. The method adapts to variations incrementally by updating rather than recreating the training information. Also, the method is capable of inspecting and training simultaneously. Addressing new inspection tasks requires neither re-programming and compatibility tests, nor quantitative knowledge about the image set, from a human developer. Instead, automatic or manual training of the inspection system according to simple guidelines is applied. These attributes allow the method to improve online performance with minimal ramp-up time. Our system performed inspection of three applications with low error rate and fast recognition, confirming its suitability for general-purpose, real-time, online inspection.
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García Vázquez, Xóchitl Ninel. "El impulso a la formación del personal técnico para la industria mexicana: las aportaciones de Gonzalo Robles y Manuel Bravo Jiménez, 1945-1960." Tiempo y economía 8, no. 1 (January 2021): 42–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21789/24222704.1687.
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This paper seeks to reconstruct Gonzalo Robles and Manuel Bravo’s contributions in the training of technical personnel during 1945-1960, a period known as the “Mexican miracle,” when growth was based on industrial development. The dynamics of the industrial process encountered several obstacles, such as the lack of technical staff and the continuous training of the existing personnel, among others. As a result, Robles and Bravo undertook, from the Department of Industrial Research at Banco de México (central bank of Mexico), a series of research and strategies both to understand the structure of the employed technical staff and the recommendations to be made as part of national economic planning efforts.
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Zou, Shuizhong, Bo Pan, Yili Fu, and Shuixiang Guo. "Improving backdrivability in preoperative manual manipulability of minimally invasive surgery robot." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 45, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-02-2017-0031.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a control algorithm to improve the backdrivability performance of minimally invasive surgical robotic arms, so that precise manual manipulations of robotic arms can be performed in the preoperative operation. Design/methodology/approach First, the flexible-joint dynamic model of the 3-degree of freedom remote center motion (RCM) mechanisms of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) robot is derived and its dynamic parameters and friction parameters are identified. Next, the angular velocities and angular accelerations of joints are estimated in real time by the designed Kalman filter. Finally, a control algorithm based on Kalman filter is proposed to enhance the backdrivability of RCM mechanisms by compensating for the internally generated gravitational, frictional and inertial resistances experienced during the positioning and orientating. Findings The parameter identification for RCM mechanisms can be experimentally evaluated from comparison between the measured torques and the reconstructed torques. The accuracy and convergence of the real-time estimation of angular velocity and acceleration of the joint by the designed Kalman filter can be verified from corresponding simulation experiments. Manual adjustment experiments and animal experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed backdrivability control algorithm. Research limitations/implications The backdrivability control algorithm presented in this paper is a universal method to enhance the manual operation performance of robots, which can be used not only in the medical robot preoperative manual manipulation but also in robot haptic interaction, industrial robot direct teaching and active rehabilitation training of rehabilitation robot and so on. Originality/value Compared with other backdrivability design methods, the proposed algorithm achieves good backdrivability for RCM mechanisms without using force sensors and accelerometers. In addition, this paper presents a new static friction compensation approach for a joint moving with very low velocity.
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Li, Jianfeng, Wenpei Fan, Mingjie Dong, and Xi Rong. "Implementation of passive compliance training on a parallel ankle rehabilitation robot to enhance safety." Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 47, no. 5 (May 11, 2020): 747–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-02-2020-0040.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to implement a passive compliance training strategy for our newly designed 2-UPS/RRR parallel ankle rehabilitation robot (PARR) to enhance its rehabilitation training safety. Design/methodology/approach First, a kinematic analysis of the PARR is introduced, and the mechanism ensures that the rotation centre of the ankle joint complex (AJC) coincides with robot’s rotation centre. Then, a passive compliance training strategy based on admittance control is described in detail and is implemented on our PARR. Findings Experiments involving healthy subjects were conducted, and the performance of trajectory tracking was quantitatively evaluated, with the results showing excellent compliance and trajectory tracking accuracy, which can ensure that a secondary injury to the AJC during passive rehabilitation training is avoided. The influence of different admittance parameters was also simulated and analysed, which can contribute to the development of adaptive parameter adjustment research. Originality/value The paper can be used to improve the effectiveness of ankle rehabilitation, to alleviate manual therapy problems in terms of labour intensiveness, precision and subjectivity and to ensure safety and comfort during rehabilitation sessions.
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Asiati, Devi, Gutomo Bayu Aji, Vanda Ningrum, Ngadi Ngadi, Triyono Triyono, Fuat Edi Kurniawan, Norman Luther Aruan, and Yanti Astrelina Purba. "Employment Opportunities And Human Resources Development In Digital Era: A Case Study In Industrial Sector." Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences and Humanities 8, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jissh.v8i2.138.
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Transformation of digitalization in large industries has an impact on the automation of production equipment, including the replacement of production machines from conventional machines (manual) to digital machines. Meanwhile, automation of production equipment requires workers with higher skills, in fact the existing workforce does not have expertise in carrying out all-digital equipment. The impact is a reduction in labor (layoffs). Machine replacement is done in stages so that the reduction of workforce (PHK) in bulk is not visible. However, the inconsistency between the preparation in the world of education and the needs in the world of work continues to occur today. Until now, vocational development based on local resources has not been operating optimally and needs serious attention from the local government. The government on various occasions mentioned four leading sectors that will be strengthened in the development of vocational institutions, namely maritime, tourism, agriculture (food security), and the creative industry. In addition, the government is also developing a policy scheme for Skill Development Funds (SDF), which is a skills improvement program for workers affected by automation (PHK), including through Vocational Training Center (BLK).
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P, RAJMOHAN, and P. S. S. Srinivasan. "Safety Analysis of different industries using Fuzzy AHP." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 13, no. 11 (March 9, 2017): 5967–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v13i11.5761.
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In recent days, we march towards a new occupational health and safety era in which work cultures are directed towards positive safety values. It is predicted that the safety analysis techniques now in place are quite difficult to address the potential risks which weakens the era. A novel approach of analyzing different crucial criteria in different industrial sectors is analyzed carefully in this paper. In this unique approach, fuzzy AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) technique is applied to determine the respective weights of three main criteria and seventeen sub-criteria as a way of enriching the decision making process while in a dilemma. A survey was initiated in different industrial sectors to obtain reliable data for the research. The results shows that the main criteria ‘human safety’ acquired a weight of 72.5% while the respective weights of main criteria machine safety and work environment safety falls to 8.9% and 18.4%. The weight of the main criteria, human safety indicates that the sub-criteria such as eye protection, manual lifting, material handling practices, fire fighting drills, training and safety officers are implemented to a greater extent in most of the surveyed industries.
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Wang, Jichun, Guodong Yi, Shuyou Zhang, and Yang Wang. "An Unsupervised Generative Adversarial Network-Based Method for Defect Inspection of Texture Surfaces." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010283.
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Recently, deep learning-based defect inspection methods have begun to receive more attention—from both researchers and the industrial community—due to their powerful representation and learning capabilities. These methods, however, require a large number of samples and manual annotation to achieve an acceptable detection rate. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised method of detecting and locating defects on patterned texture surface images which, in the training phase, needs only a moderate number of defect-free samples. An extended deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DCGAN) is utilized to reconstruct input image patches; the resulting residual map can be used to realize the initial segmentation defects. To further improve the accuracy of defect segmentation, a submodule termed “local difference analysis” (LDA) is embedded into the overall module to eliminate false positives. We conduct comparative experiments on a series of datasets and the final results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Navarro, José Luis, and Francisco Felip Miralles. "Sketching as a communication tool and a vehicle for exploring new ideas in Higher Education of industrial design. Implementation and analysis of new methodologies." Multidisciplinary Journal for Education, Social and Technological Sciences 4, no. 2 (September 27, 2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/muse.2017.6349.
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<p class="Textoindependiente21">Freehand drawing is a basic tool to explore shapes and visualize ideas during the first phase of projective process in industrial design. Sketches, expressive and quickly executed, allow designers to highlight the most interesting aspects of the product to be designed and help to define its shape and general features. Due to the immediacy that characterizes the manual drafting industrial designers in training learn to become able to translate any ideas graphically and thus able to communicate with other designers, initiating a dialogue on the product to be designed. In the Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Design and Product Development Engineering at the Jaume I University of Castellón (Spain), the subject 'Artistic Expression II' maintains and strengthens the knowledge gained in other subjects about the different graphic techniques, making drawing a means of expression for represent, synthesize and define the shape of objects. However, it has been found that the subject procedures were not adequate to achieve the learning results proposed, so it was necessary to apply a new approach. This paper describes the implementation of a new methodological strategy on this subject, adapting it to the European Higher Education Area, with the aim that students in Industrial Design acquire the four core competences of this matter. We describe the activities designed to achieve each of the competences and the implemented methodology for each of these activities. Finally, the results are analyzed and the overall positive impact of the measures taken is discussed.</p>
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Teimouri, Hessamodin, Abbas S. Milani, Jason Loeppky, and Rudolf Seethaler. "A Gaussian process–based approach to cope with uncertainty in structural health monitoring." Structural Health Monitoring 16, no. 2 (October 6, 2016): 174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921716669722.
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Structural health monitoring is widely applied in industrial sectors as it reduces costs associated with maintenance intervals and manual inspections of damage in sensitive structures, while enhancing their operation safety. A major concern and current challenge in developing “robust” structural health monitoring systems, however, is the impact of uncertainty in the input training parameters on the accuracy and reliability of predictions. The aim of this article is to adapt an advanced statistical pattern recognition technique capable of considering variations in input parameters and arriving at a new structural health monitoring system more immune to the effect of uncertainty. Gaussian processes have been implemented to predict the state of damage in a typical composite airfoil structure. Different covariance functions were evaluated during the training stage of structural health monitoring. Results through a case study showed a remarkable capability of the Gaussian process–based approach to deal with uncertainty in the pattern recognition problem in structural health monitoring of a multi-layer composite airfoil structure. To illustrate robustness advantage of the approach as compared to conventional neural network models, the damage size and location prediction accuracy of the Gaussian process structural health monitoring has been compared to multi-layer perceptron neural networks. Some practical insights and limitations of the approach have also been outlined.
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Li, Yue, Wei Yu, Chao Zhang, and Baojun Yang. "Low-frequency noise suppression for desert seismic data based on a wide inference network." Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 16, no. 4 (July 26, 2019): 801–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jge/gxz051.
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Abstract The importance of seismic exploration has been recognized by geophysicists. At present, low-frequency noise usually exists in seismic exploration, especially in desert seismic records. This low-frequency noise shares the same frequency band with effective signals. This leads to the limitation or failure of traditional methods. In order to overcome the shortcomings of traditional denoising methods, we propose a novel desert seismic data denoising method based on a Wide Inference Network (WIN). The WIN aims to minimize the error between the prediction and target by residual learning during training, and it can obtain a set of optimal parameters, such as weights and biases. In this article, we construct a high-quality training set for a desert seismic record and this ensures the effective training of a WIN. In this way, each layer of the trained WIN can automatically extract a set of time–space characteristics without manual adjustment. These characteristics are transmitted layer by layer. Finally, they are utilized to extract effective signals. To verify the effectiveness of the WIN, we apply it to synthetic and real desert seismic records, respectively. In addition, we compare WIN with f – x deconvolution, variational mode decomposition (VMD) and shearlet transform. The results show that WIN has the best denoising performance in suppressing low-frequency noise and preserving effective signals.
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Bender, Klavs, and Robert Taylor. "OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANNING IN THAILAND." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1987, no. 1 (April 1, 1987): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1987-1-161.
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ABSTRACT In 1986, an oil contingency plan was developed for the Kingdom of Thailand. The plan includes several aspects, such as:Important fishing grounds, and breeding areas for species of fish, shellfish, and crustaceans of commercial valueAquaculture and mangrove forest areas along the coast of ThailandDistribution of coral reefAreas with rare and endangered reptiles and mammalsSocio-economic information, i.e. amenity beaches and other tourist areas, marine parks, seabird colonies, and industrial sitesDescription of wind patterns, surface current, seawater temperatures, and hydrocarbon levels in marine water and sedimentsAn assessment of the risk of oil pollution in Thai waters, including an evaluation of the frequency and size of a range of possible hydrocarbon releases in Thai waters The results of the study cover an evaluation of the existing oil spill control capabilities in Thailand as well as recommendations for a national oil spill contingency plan including organization, staffing, reporting, alarm and communication arrangements, oil spill control equipment, recommendations for training and exercises and a cost estimate for the implementation. A separate manual for oil spill combating operations has been developed as well.
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Gold, Kenneth M. "From Vacation to Summer School: The Transformation of Summer Education in New York City, 1894–1915." History of Education Quarterly 42, no. 1 (2002): 18–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2002.tb00099.x.
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A noted but rarely explored axiom of the history of American education is that public school practices often originate in private sector settings. As David B. Tyack suggested in his influential study The One Best System, “Many of the innovations designed to offer differentiated schooling in the nineteenth century stemmed not so much from career educators as from wealthy philanthropists, merchants, and industrialists.” Certainly the very organizational structure of many urban school systems grew out of a network of private charity schools formed in the early nineteenth century. After the Civil War, new educational features like kindergartens, manual training, and vocational counseling all began as charitable endeavors but soon worked their way into urban public schools. By the century's end, vacation schools offering summer recreation and industrial education to the children of the urban, immigrant poor became yet another philanthropic program to enter the public school domain. What happened to vacation schools in New York City as a consequence of public administration is the focus of this article.
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Morozov, N. M. "The Organization of Labor of Disabled People in the Kuznetsk District in the Second Half of the 1920-s-1930-s." Izvestiya of Altai State University, no. 3(119) (July 9, 2021): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2021)3-03.
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The organization of labor activities of disabled people in the territory of the Kuznetsk District in the second half of the 1920s - 1930s is being considered in the article. The dynamics of the development of the system of disability cooperation is shown. The study examined working conditions, the pay system, its advantages compared to the receipt of a tiny pension. Opportunities to train persons with disabilities in professions within the technical training plant have been identified. The main types of production activities in which disabled artels specialized were established, these are: artisanal production of food, basic necessities, trade and household services. The conclusion is drawn that economic problems of artels arose in connection with weak financial support from social securities, supply with raw materials and materials by the residual principle, domination of manual work, formal work of local councils with chairmen of the artels allowing cases of mismanagement and abuse of official position. In general, the level of organization of work of persons with disabilities in the Kuznetsk District was in line with the State’s policy of pragmatising their productive potential during the period of intensive industrial construction in the region.
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Chao, Fei, Gan Lin, Ling Zheng, Xiang Chang, Chih-Min Lin, Longzhi Yang, and Changjing Shang. "An LSTM Based Generative Adversarial Architecture for Robotic Calligraphy Learning System." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 31, 2020): 9092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219092.
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Robotic calligraphy is a very challenging task for the robotic manipulators, which can sustain industrial manufacturing. The active mechanism of writing robots require a large sized training set including sequence information of the writing trajectory. However, manual labelling work on those training data may cause the time wasting for researchers. This paper proposes a machine calligraphy learning system using a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network and a generative adversarial network (GAN), which enables the robots to learn and generate the sequences of Chinese character stroke (i.e., writing trajectory). In order to reduce the size of the training set, a generative adversarial architecture combining an LSTM network and a discrimination network is established for a robotic manipulator to learn the Chinese calligraphy regarding its strokes. In particular, this learning system converts Chinese character stroke image into the trajectory sequences in the absence of the stroke trajectory writing sequence information. Due to its powerful learning ability in handling motion sequences, the LSTM network is used to explore the trajectory point writing sequences. Each generation process of the generative adversarial architecture contains a number of loops of LSTM. In each loop, the robot continues to write by following a new trajectory point, which is generated by LSTM according to the previously written strokes. The written stroke in an image format is taken as input to the next loop of the LSTM network until the complete stroke is finally written. Then, the final output of the LSTM network is evaluated by the discriminative network. In addition, a policy gradient algorithm based on reinforcement learning is employed to aid the robot to find the best policy. The experimental results show that the proposed learning system can effectively produce a variety of high-quality Chinese stroke writing.
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Akkas, Oguz, Yu Hen Hu, Cheng-Hsien Lee, Stephen Bao, Carisa Harris-Adamson, Jia-Hua Lin, Alysha Meyers, David Rempel, and Robert G. Radwin. "How Do Computer Vision Upper Extremity Exposure Measures Compare Against Manual Measures?" Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (September 2018): 960–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621221.
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Background Various quantification methods have been used to measure exposure to risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries, including observation, video-based frame-by-frame analysis, and direct measurements. Each technique has advantages and disadvantages. The American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (2017) Threshold Limit Value® (TLV®) uses the hand activity level (HAL) rating scale, a 10-point visual analog scale based on hand speed and rest pauses. HAL may be determined subjectively by an observer or from a lookup table, or an equation by measuring exertion frequency ( F) and percent duty cycle ( D). This study compares task level physical exposure variables measured manually and using video computer vision for jobs selected from a selected subset of the Upper Limb MSD Consortium prospective study. We compared F and D, calculated both using manual single-frame MVTA analysis and automatic computer vision (Akkas et al., 2015, Akkas et al., 2016, Akkas et al., 2017, Greene et al., 2017). Methods This study utilized exposure data from prospective studies conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the Safety & Health Assessment & Research for Prevention (SHARP) in the State of Washington, and the University of California -San Francisco (UCSF). Some data from these prospective cohort studies had been previously pooled and analyzed as part of the Upper Limb MSD Consortium, a group of seven prospective cohort studies (Bao et al., 2015; Harris-Adamson et. al., 2013a, 2013b; Harris-Adamson et. al., 2014; Kapellusch et al., 2013, 2014; Fan et al., 2015). Because the videos were created for a different purpose, not all were suitable for computer vision analysis. We selected 1001 videos where we applied hand tracking and data checking to date. Thus, not all study sites are equally represented. The occurrence of each exertion was first identified in all the videos by human analysts for manually calculating the frequency (exertions/ second) and duty cycle (percent exertion time/ cycle time). The hands were tracked using marker-less video tracking and a feature vector training (FVT) algorithm (Akkas et al., 2016 Akkas et al., 2017) was trained using the first cycle exertions identified by an analyst, for automatically estimating subsequent exertions in the videos. We then applied the FVT algorithm to the 1001 videos clips and automatically identified video frames representing exertions of the dominant hand. As a result, we counted total frames of exertions as well as the total number of exertions to calculate F and D. Results The calculated D (%) and F (Hz) errors were the average difference between the manual frame-by-frame and the computer vision estimates. We found an average error of 12.7% (SD=36.8%) for D and 0.06 Hz (SD=0.38 Hz) for F. The average HAL error was 1.3 (SD=2.2), which is considered negligible. Conclusions The results indicate that computer vision can reliably estimate important exposure variables for many tasks. Since the videos used in this study were taken for a different purpose, we anticipate the algorithms will perform better when videos are recorded specifically for computer vision analysis.
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Li, Yan, Miao Hu, and Taiyong Wang. "Weld Image Recognition Algorithm Based on Deep Learning." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 08 (November 7, 2019): 2052004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001420520047.
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As an important part of metal processing, welding is widely used in industrial manufacturing activities, and its application scenarios are very extensive. Due to technical limitations, the welding process always unavoidably leaves weld defects. Weld defects are extremely hazardous, and the work used must be guaranteed to be defect-free, regardless of the field. However, manual weld inspection has subjective factors such as inefficiency and easy missed detection, and although some automatic weld inspection methods have appeared, these traditional methods still do not meet actual demand in terms of detection time and detection accuracy. Therefore, there is a need for a higher quality weld image automatic detection method to replace the manual method and the traditional automatic detection method. In view of the above, this paper proposes a weld seam image recognition algorithm based on deep learning. The Adam adaptive moment estimation algorithm is chosen as the backpropagation optimization algorithm to accelerate the training of convolutional neural networks and design an independent adaptive learning rate. Through the simulation of the collected 4500 tube images, the adaptive threshold-based method is used for weld seam extraction. The algorithm proposed in this paper is compared with the weld seam recognition method based on image texture feature value distribution (ITFVD) and the SUSAN-based weld defect target detection method. The results show that the proposed method can identify weld defects in a short time on different sizes of weld images, and can further detect the type of weld defects. In addition, the method in this paper is better than the other two methods in the false detection rate, recall rate and overall recognition accuracy, which shows that the experimental results have achieved the expected results.
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Guo, Yinling, Suping Peng, Wenfeng Du, and Dong Li. "Fault and horizon automatic interpretation by CNN: a case study of coalfield." Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 17, no. 6 (December 2020): 1016–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jge/gxaa060.
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Abstract A convolutional neural network (CNN) is a powerful tool used for seismic interpretation. It does not require manual intervention and can automatically detect geological structures using the pattern features of the original seismic data. In this study, we presented the development history of seismic interpretation and the application of CNN in seismic exploration. We proposed a set of CNN prediction methods and processes for coalfield seismic interpretation and realised automatic interpretation of faults and horizons based on the relationship between faults and horizons. We defined a CNN model training method based on structural geological modelling, which allowed rapid and accurate establishment of fault and horizon labels by using structural modelling. We used two examples to verify the accuracy of the algorithm, one to test for synthetic 3D seismic data and one to test for real coalfield seismic data. The results showed that CNNs can effectively predict both faults and horizons at the same time and has high accuracy. Thus, CNNs are potentially novel interpretation tools for coalfield seismic interpretation.
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Hammer, Ann G., Gerald G. Birdwell, Harry L. Snyder, and R. H. Bogle. "Optimization of User and System Knowledge." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 5 (October 1988): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128803200537.
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This paper presents the perspective of a user system knowledge continuum which recasts traditional user system components (user interface, context-sensitive help, completion aids, manuals, training) as interrelated knowledge components tasked with appropriately distributing required knowledge between user and system. It suggests that maximizing user system effectiveness is best viewed as optimization of a set of such knowledge components. The paper relies upon a case study showing this perspective at work in the development of APT - Applications Productivity Tool™, an integrated software environment for industrial automation applications.
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Castillo, Eduardo. "The School of Arts and Trades in Santiago (EAO), 1849–1977." Design Issues 32, no. 1 (January 2016): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00362.
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The School of Arts and Trades (Escuela de Artes y Oficios, EAO) in Santiago is one of the earliest examples of how enlightenment-based ideas of education, developed during the industrial revolution, reached Latin American states at the dawn of their independence. The School was founded in 1849 at the behest of President Manuel Bulnes to promote the development of the “mechanical arts” among the “sons of honest and industrious artisans”, with the intention of training a workforce for a fledgling domestic industry through the teaching of four trades: carpentry, blacksmithing, foundry and mechanics. From the beginning until well into the twentieth century, a polytechnical approach was repeatedly considered and rejected in favour of a solid industrial formation rather than specialization in a particular trade. This discussion began early on and continued throughout the life of the EAO, with various specialtes added over time to the basic structure of the school; the initial four workshops, however, were a constant presence throughout.
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Madinei, Saman, Sunwook Kim, Mohammad Mehdi Alemi, Divya Srinivasan, and Maury A. Nussbaum. "Assessment of Two Passive Back-Support Exoskeletons in a Simulated Precision Manual Assembly Task." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (November 2019): 1078–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631192.
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Low back pain (LBP) remains the most prevalent and costly work-related disability in the United States, accounting for ~40% of annual musculoskeletal disorders (BLS, 2018) and imposing an economic burden of over $50 billion (Davis, 2012). Many intervention approaches have been explored to reduce the physical requirements of occupational tasks. Examples include training in work methods, modifying work stations, re-organizing work processes, and using mechanical aids such as cranes and power-lift tables (Chaffin et al., 1999; Lavender et al., 2013; Madinei et al., 2018). While these approaches can be effective, they can also be excessively costly or even infeasible for certain work environments (Graham et al., 2009). Industrial back-support exoskeletons (BSEs) – designed to augment the back and hip muscles – have been introduced as an alternative intervention to reduce the physical demands on the back muscles and consequently mitigate the risk of LBP (De Looze et al., 2016). However, there is limited evidence regarding the efficacy of BSEs in work scenarios that require sustained and/or non-neutral trunk bending (such as manual assembly), which are well-known LBP risk factors (e.g., Norman et al., 1998; Fathallah et al., 2008). The efficacy of two passive BSE designs (i.e., BackX™ and Laevo™) was examined by quantifying trunk extensor muscle activity during a lab-based simulation of a precision manual assembly task. Both devices incorporate a passive torque generation mechanism about the hip joint that is intended to augment the torso extensor muscles. Yet, the devices differ in specific design characteristics, such as major body anchor points for the torque generation mechanism (upper back, waist, and thigh [BackX™ AC] vs. chest, waist, and thigh [Laevo™]). Eighteen (gender-balanced) participants, with no recent musculoskeletal injuries or disorders, completed a simulated assembly task using a “grooved pegboard” (Lafayette Instruments, IN, USA) in 20 different pegboard locations. These locations were defined by four different heights (waist, knee, ankle, and below floor levels), three horizontal distances (0, 20, and 40 cm away from the feet), and three orientation angles (0°, 45°, and 90° to the right of the mid-sagittal plane). For a given pegboard location condition, participants were asked to complete the assembly task “as quickly as possible”. Muscle activity was monitored bilaterally from two trunk extensors (i.e., iliocostalis lumborum [ILL] and thoracic erector spinae [TES]) using a telemetered surface electromyography (EMG) system (TeleMyo Desktop DTS, Noraxon, AZ, USA). Note that before performing the assembly task in any of the pegboard location conditions, participants completed trials of maximum isometric voluntary contractions for those muscle groups for normalizing EMG. Outcome measures were the median level of left-side back muscle activity (LBM = mean of 50th percentile normalized EMGs [nEMGs] of left TES and ILL) and the median level of right-side back muscle activity (RBM). Overall, BackX™ use (vs. Laevo™) led to a larger reduction in median levels of back muscle activity levels (≤ 37.9% vs. ≤ 23.9% reduction), and a significant reduction in activity was observed in a larger set of conditions (15 vs. 7 conditions). Additionally, the largest reductions when using BackX™ were found at the ankle level (≤ 38% vs. no reductions for Laevo™), followed by knee level (≤ 32% vs. ≤ 24% for Laevo™), waist level (≤ 30% vs. ≤ 14% for Laevo™), and below floor level (≤ 29% vs. ≤ 10% for Laevo™). Our findings suggest that the beneficial effects of a BSE can be task-specific and that such effects may also be specific to BSE design approaches. Notably, the effects of BSE use found here can be considered practically meaningful. For context, the magnitude of median levels of bilateral low-back muscle activities ranged from ~4-18% nEMG, and using a BSE yielded reductions up to ~5% nEMG, depending upon the specific BSE and task condition. More research is warranted, though, to characterize the task specificity and generalizability of different BSE design approaches in terms of physical demands and task performance.
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Benouis, Mohamed, Leandro D. Medus, Mohamed Saban, Abdessattar Ghemougui, and Alfredo Rosado-Muñoz. "Food Tray Sealing Fault Detection in Multi-Spectral Images Using Data Fusion and Deep Learning Techniques." Journal of Imaging 7, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging7090186.
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A correct food tray sealing is required to preserve food properties and safety for consumers. Traditional food packaging inspections are made by human operators to detect seal defects. Recent advances in the field of food inspection have been related to the use of hyperspectral imaging technology and automated vision-based inspection systems. A deep learning-based approach for food tray sealing fault detection using hyperspectral images is described. Several pixel-based image fusion methods are proposed to obtain 2D images from the 3D hyperspectral image datacube, which feeds the deep learning (DL) algorithms. Instead of considering all spectral bands in region of interest around a contaminated or faulty seal area, only relevant bands are selected using data fusion. These techniques greatly improve the computation time while maintaining a high classification ratio, showing that the fused image contains enough information for checking a food tray sealing state (faulty or normal), avoiding feeding a large image datacube to the DL algorithms. Additionally, the proposed DL algorithms do not require any prior handcraft approach, i.e., no manual tuning of the parameters in the algorithms are required since the training process adjusts the algorithm. The experimental results, validated using an industrial dataset for food trays, along with different deep learning methods, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. In the studied dataset, an accuracy of 88.7%, 88.3%, 89.3%, and 90.1% was achieved for Deep Belief Network (DBN), Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), Stacked Auto Encoder (SAE), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), respectively.
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Ivanchenko, Yevheniia, and Oleksandra Sviridiuk. "Strengthening the natural disciplines’ training with the application of STEM-education technologies in the process of training sessions conducting at higher military educational institutions." Professional Education: Methodology, Theory and Technologies, no. 10 (November 19, 2019): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2415-3729-2019-10-75-92.
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The Armed Forces of Ukraine have recently undergone cardinal changes; this concerns the issues of equipment, personnel training and other issues related to the defence and industrial complex development. The military equipment and weapons are becoming more and more complex, and the wars themselves are changing from «classic» to «hybrid» with the centre shifting into the information and communication space. Such changes are naturally reflected in the Armed Forces of Ukraine future officers’ professional training system, requiring a rethinking of the natural disciplines’ role.
The purpose of the article is to publish the results of the theoretical study on the identification of pedagogical conditions for forming the Armed Forces of Ukraine future officers’ readiness for using STEM-technologies in professional activities, in particular, strengthening of the natural disciplines’ training with the application of STEM-education technologies in the process of training sessions conducting in higher military educational institutions.
Methods of research: analysis, synthesis, systematization of scientific and pedagogical manuals, generalization.
Results. The study identifies the following directions of strengthening natural disciplines’ training in the process of conducting training with using STEM-technologies: transforming the content of the existing disciplines from the point of view of strengthening the natural sciences’ training; creating the new applied training courses taking into account the integrative method of teaching the material; developing the problematic tasks of military-applied character, the solution of which requires a system of knowledge from different scientific fields; holding a series of seminars with future officers on the general theme of «Applying new information technology to military applications»; organizing and conducting instructor-methodical sessions with scientific-pedagogical staff on acquaintance of all educational process’ participants with STEM-technologies; publishing the results of research on the implementation of STEM-technologies at scientific seminars and conferences; the advisable and prudent STEM-technologies introducing during training at higher military educational institutions.
Conclusion. The research proves that the natural disciplines’ training strengthening with the application of STEM-education technologies in the process of training sessions conducting at higher military educational institutions can be defined as a pedagogical condition for successful forming the Armed Forces of Ukraine future officers’ readiness for using STEM-technologies in professional activities.
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Short, Michael. "Managing human risk during an oiled wildlife response." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 2164–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.2164.
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ABSTRACT 2017-066 Human risks during an oiled wildlife response (OWR) can be divided principally amongst physical, chemical and biological hazards. This paper identifies the risks associated with these hazards to oiled wildlife responders, other responders and the general public. Hazards and risks are managed by specific risk management procedures. These commonly include identifying individual steps in the activity, identifying associated hazards and risks, quantifying the risks and then applying treatments and controls to eliminate or reduce risk exposure to an acceptable level. For treatments and controls to manage risks effectively these are applied as a part of pre-incident contingency planning, during incidents and post incidents. Treatments and controls identified in the paper include responder training, registration of personnel, incident planning, use of safety data sheet recommendations, personal protection equipment, minimising exposure times, applying call in procedures and communication systems, making available emergency supportive equipment, providing food and fluids, vaccinations for responders, applying dangerous wildlife risk reduction practices, safe manual handling and transportation practices, safe motor driving and vessel handling practices, fatigue management practices, working in pairs as a minimum requirement, safety precautions when working near water and at industrial sites, equipment maintenance and safe use, safe practices around sharps, compliant waste disposal practices, reporting mechanisms for near misses and injuries and the systems to prevent their re-occurrence. Mental health hazards during incidents and post incident phases are also a key feature to manage and are often overlooked. Risks associated with mental health include stress and trauma. Supportive treatments and controls include response planning, professional counselling and medical support. The information to develop this paper was taken from a range of international responses.
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SUNG, RAYMOND CW, JAMES M. RITCHIE, THEODORE LIM, YING LIU, and ZOE KOSMADOUDI. "THE AUTOMATED GENERATION OF ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE USING A DIGITAL ENGINEERING TOOL: AN INDUSTRIAL EVALUATION CASE STUDY." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 09, no. 06 (December 2012): 1271001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877012710010.
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In a knowledge-based economy, it will be crucial to capture expertise and rationale in working environments of all kinds as the need develops to understand how people are working, the intuitive processes they use as they carry out tasks and make decisions and trying to determine the most effective methods and rationales for solving problems. Key outputs from this will be the capability to automate decision making activities and supporting training and learning in competitive business environments. Knowledge capture in knowledge-based economies will also be important in a wide range of sectors from the financial and business domains through to engineering and construction. In traditional expert environments, current manual knowledge capture techniques tend to be time-consuming, turgid and, if applied during an activity, interrupt the "expert" whilst they are carrying out the task. The alternative is to do this after the event, which loses important information about the process due to the individual usually forgetting a great deal of the decisions and alternatives they have used during a task session. With the advent and widespread use of computerized technology within business, this paper contends that new opportunities exist with regard to user logging and subsequent data analysis which mean that there is considerable potential for automating or semi-automating this kind of knowledge capture. As a case study demonstrating the possibility of attaining automated knowledge capture, this work investigates product design. Within long lifecycle products of all kinds there is a need to capture the engineering rationale, process, information and knowledge created during a design session. Once these data has been captured, in an automated and unobtrusive manner, it must be represented in a fashion which allows it to be easily accessible, understandable, stored and reused at a later date. This can subsequently be used to inform experienced engineers of decisions taken much earlier in the design process or used to train and support inexperienced engineers while they are moving up the learning curve. Having these data available is especially important in long lifecycle projects since many design decisions are made early on in the process and are then required to be understood by engineers a number of years down the line. There is also the likelihood that if an engineer were to leave during the project, any undocumented design knowledge relating to their contribution to the design process will leave with them. This paper describes research on non-intrusively capturing and formalizing product lifecycle knowledge by demonstrating the automated capture of engineering processes through user logging using an immersive virtual reality (VR) system for cable harness design and assembly planning. Furthermore, several industrial collaborators of the project have been visited to determine what their knowledge capture practices are; these findings are also detailed. Computerized technology and business management systems in the knowledge-based economies of the future will require the capture of expertise as quickly and effectively as possible with minimum overhead to the company along with the formal storage and access to such key data. The application of the techniques and knowledge representations presented in this paper demonstrate the potential for doing this in both engineering and non-engineering domains.
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Richter, Carel J. J. "Aquaculture training manual." Aquaculture 120, no. 3-4 (March 1994): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(94)90091-4.
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Tan, Zhongsheng. "Comparative analysis of legislation in the field of labor protection in Russia and China." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 17, no. 4 (December 2020): 583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2020-4-583-590.
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Objective: Analysis of labor legislation on labor protection in the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China with the aim of constantly improving working conditions, ensuring safety and harmlessness of operations which are unsafe and harmful to health, mechanization and automation of heavy manual labor, as well as the implementation of safe and civilized production. Methods: An analysis of legislation on labor protection was applied in terms of employment, labor contracts, working hours and rest breaks, wages, labor protection, social insurance, vocational training, etc. Based on its results, negative and positive consequences of legislation on labor protection in China and Russia were identifi ed. Results: The constitutions and labor legislation of both countries contain the rights of workers to legal protection, including the right to work in conditions that meet safety requirements, there are standards for investigating accidents at work, and special attention is paid to the labor protection of women and children. It was revealed that in the Russian Federation, in contrast to China, a greater number of regulatory laws and regulations were developed, and special labor assessments were effectively regulated, therefore, the safety level in the Russian workplace is higher. Practical importance: In accordance with the legislation on labor protection, state bodies, economic departments, enterprises and their leaders at all levels must take various organizational and technical measures to create safe, hygienic and comfortable working conditions for workers which prevent and eliminate accidents, industrial poisoning and occupational diseases, protect the health and safety of workers, maintain and improve their long-term working capacity, avoid unnecessary losses of social labor and material benefi ts. Constantly improving labor legislation allows working safely and protects the legal rights of employees.