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1

Roy, Eric A., and Digby Elliott. "Manual Asymmetries in Aimed Movements." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 41, no. 3 (1989): 501–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640748908402379.

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Three hypotheses for the right-hand advantage in aiming movements were examined in these experiments: (1) the right-hand system is more efficient at processing visual information during the movement; (2) subjects make more use of visual information prior to movement initiation when using the right hand; (3) the right hand is less variable in generating force in initiating the pointing response as force demands increase. In the first experiment subjects pointed at a target located directly in front of them from two starting positions which defined short (25-cm) and long (35-cm) movements. The m
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2

Beehler, Pamela J. Hoyes. "Effects of Skill Level, Hand Laterality and Movement Direction during Visuomotor Processing of Female Athletes Performing Manual Aiming Tasks." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 3, no. 1 (1994): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.3.1.15.

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Hand laterality research efforts have shown a performance advantage in terms of pointing accuracy and limb speed (movement time—MVT) for the preferred hand (right-hand), and a slight reaction time (RT) performance advantage for the non-preferred hand (left-hand) for rapid manual aiming movements (Flowers, 1975; Roy, 1983; Roy & Elliott, 1986). These performance advantages for the right and left-hands, respectively, are considered an enigma in the motor behavior literature (Magill, 1993) and were investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of skill level, hand later
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3

Keer, Rosemary. "Manual of Combined Movements." Physiotherapy 86, no. 7 (2000): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(05)60652-9.

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4

Nicholson, Karen G., and Doreen Kimura. "Sex Differences for Speech and Manual Skill." Perceptual and Motor Skills 82, no. 1 (1996): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.82.1.3.

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Young men and women were compared on the speeded repetition of speech ( ns = 20 and 18, respectively) and manual movements ( ns = 37 and 38). The repetition of a single speech or manual movement was used as a measure of baseline speed, against which to compare a sequence of movements. Males tended to be faster at repeating a single movement, but using baseline speed as a covariate resulted in a female advantage for the repetition of a sequence of movements. It was concluded that men have a basic motor-speed advantage, but that women may be faster at programming a sequence of speech or manual m
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5

Proteau, Luc, and Patrick Bédard. "Movement planning of video and of manual aiming movements." Spatial Vision 18, no. 3 (2005): 275–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568568054089366.

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6

Inui, Nobuyuki. "Interactions of Speech and Manual Movement in a Syncopated Task." Perceptual and Motor Skills 105, no. 2 (2007): 447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.105.2.447-457.

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The present study examined interactions of speech production and finger-tapping movement, using a syncopated motor task with two movements in 10 male right-handed undergraduate students ( M age = 21.0 yr.; SD =1.4). On the syncopated task, participants were required to produce one movement exactly midway between two other movements (target interresponse interval: 250 msec.). They were divided into two groups, the tap-preceding group and speech-preceding group. The author observed that the right hand showed a more variable peak force and intertap interval than the left hand in the speech-preced
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7

Zhao, Yangke, Chuansheng Chen, and Xiuying Qian. "The Role of Hand Movement in Spatial Serial Order Memory." Multisensory Research 33, no. 3 (2020): 313–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-20191350.

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Abstract Research on serial order memory has traditionally used tasks where participants passively view the items. A few studies that included hand movement showed that such movement interfered with serial order memory. In the present study of three experiments, we investigated whether and how hand movements improved spatial serial order memory. Experiment 1 showed that manual tracing (i.e., hand movements that traced the presentation of stimuli on the modified eCorsi block tapping task) improved the performance of backward recall as compared to no manual tracing (the control condition). Exper
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8

Silva, Flávia Priscila de Paiva, Sandra Maria Sbeghen Ferreira de Freitas, Emelli da Silva Comenalle, and Sandra Regina Alouche. "Uncertainty in aiming movements and its association to hand function." Motriz: Revista de Educação Física 21, no. 3 (2015): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-65742015000300001.

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AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of the uncertainty of target location on the planning and execution of aiming movements performed towards the ipsilateral and contralateral directions by the right and left upper limbs. In addition, the association between the performance of aiming movements and the performance of functional manual tasks was investigated. Two tasks were proposed: with prior knowledge of the movement direction (simple reaction time) or not (choice reaction time). The grip strength and manual dexterity were measured. The choice option in response (i.
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9

Boessenkool, J. J., E. J. Nijhof, and C. J. Erkelens. "Correlations between bi-manual pointing movements." Journal of Biomechanics 31 (July 1998): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(98)80095-x.

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10

Rafal, R. D., J. H. Friedman, and M. C. Lannon. "Preparation of manual movements in hemiparkinsonism." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 52, no. 3 (1989): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.52.3.399.

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11

Feys, P., W. F. Helsen, A. Lavrysen, B. Nuttin, and P. Ketelaer. "Intention tremor during manual aiming: a study of eye and hand movements." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 9, no. 1 (2003): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1352458503ms863oa.

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A ccurate goal-directed movements toward a visual target require a precise coordination of both the oculomotor and limb motor systems. Intentio n tremor and eye movement deficits are frequently observed in multiple sclerosis (MS). The goal of this study was to examine the characteristics of intentio n tremor and simultaneously produced eye movements during rapid goal-directed movements. Eye and hand movements were synchronously measured in 16 MS patients with intentio n tremor and 16 control subjects. Manual performances of the patient group were character ized by a delayed onset, slower execu
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12

Kreyenmeier, Philipp, Jolande Fooken, and Miriam Spering. "Context effects on smooth pursuit and manual interception of a disappearing target." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 1 (2017): 404–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00217.2017.

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In our natural environment, we interact with moving objects that are surrounded by richly textured, dynamic visual contexts. Yet most laboratory studies on vision and movement show visual objects in front of uniform gray backgrounds. Context effects on eye movements have been widely studied, but it is less well known how visual contexts affect hand movements. Here we ask whether eye and hand movements integrate motion signals from target and context similarly or differently, and whether context effects on eye and hand change over time. We developed a track-intercept task requiring participants
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13

Elliott, Digby, Barbara J. Pollock, James Lyons, and Romeo Chua. "Intermittent Vision and Discrete Manual Aiming." Perceptual and Motor Skills 80, no. 3_suppl (1995): 1203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.80.3c.1203.

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This study was designed to assess how the precision requirements of discrete aiming movements affect the utility of brief visual samples provided during execution of movement. Subjects pointed with a hand-held stylus to targets with indices of difficulty of 3, 4, 5, and 6 bits with full vision, no vision, and in conditions in which 20-msec. visual samples were provided every 80, 140, or 200 msec. While intermittent vision required slightly longer movement times for targets with a high index of difficulty, subjects' accuracy was similar to the full-vision situation. Moreover, with intermittent
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14

Fischer, Martin H., Jay Pratt, and Sebastiaan F. W. Neggers. "Inhibition of return and manual pointing movements." Perception & Psychophysics 65, no. 3 (2003): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03194569.

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15

Niehorster, Diederick C., Wilfred W. F. Siu, and Li Li. "Manual tracking enhances smooth pursuit eye movements." Journal of Vision 15, no. 15 (2015): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/15.15.11.

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16

Petty, N. J., C. Maher, J. Latimer, and M. Lee. "Manual examination of accessory movements–seeking R1." Manual Therapy 7, no. 1 (2002): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/math.2001.0431.

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17

Niehorster, D. C., W. W. F. Siu, and L. Li. "Concurrent manual tracking enhances pursuit eye movements." Journal of Vision 13, no. 9 (2013): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/13.9.112.

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18

Vainio, Lari, Kaisa Tiippana, Mikko Tiainen, Aleksi Rantala, and Martti Vainio. "Reaching and grasping with the tongue: Shared motor planning between hand actions and articulatory gestures." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 10 (2018): 2129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021817738732.

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Research has shown connections between articulatory mouth actions and manual actions. This study investigates whether forward–backward hand movements could be associated with vowel production processes that programme tongue fronting/backing, lip rounding/spreading (Experiment 1), and/or consonant production processes that programme tongue tip and tongue dorsum actions (Experiment 2). The participants had to perform either forward or backward hand movement and simultaneously pronounce different vowels or consonants. The results revealed a response benefit, measured in vocal and manual reaction
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19

Boulton, Hayley, and Suvobrata Mitra. "Body posture modulates imagined arm movements and responds to them." Journal of Neurophysiology 110, no. 11 (2013): 2617–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00488.2013.

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Imagined movements are thought to simulate physical ones, with similar behavioral constraints and neurophysiological activation patterns and with an inhibition mechanism that suppresses movement execution. When upper body movements such as reaching with the arm are made from an upright stance, lower body and trunk muscles are also activated to maintain body posture. It is not clear to what extent parameters of imagined manual movements are sensitive to the postural adjustments their execution would necessitate, nor whether such postural responses are as effectively inhibited as the imagined mo
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20

Clair, David A. Le, and Digby Elliott. "Movement Preparation and the Costs and Benefits Associated with Advance Information for Adults with Down Syndrome." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 12, no. 3 (1995): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.12.3.239.

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This study examined the extent to which individuals with Down syndrome benefit from visual and verbal advance information about a manual aiming movement. Adults with Down syndrome as well as control subjects with and without mental handicaps performed 10.5-cm manual aiming movements with their preferred hand. On each trial subjects were cued about the specific movement either visually or verbally. On different trial blocks, the cue provided either 50% or 80% certainty. Nonhandicapped control subjects initiated and completed their manual aiming movements more quickly than subjects with mental h
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21

Lyons, James, Digby Elliott, Laurie R. Swanson, and Romeo Chua. "The Use of Vision in Manual Aiming by Young and Older Adults." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 4, no. 2 (1996): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.4.2.165.

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This study was designed to examine the influence of age and the availability of vision on the performance and kinematic characteristics of discrete aiming movements. Twelve young adults (19–25 years old) and 12 healthy older adults (62–82 years old) performed 130-mm aiming movements to targets with diameters of 5, 10, and 20 mm. On half the trial blocks, visual feedback about the aiming movement was eliminated upon movement initiation. Surprisingly, older adults were both as fast and as accurate as young adults regardless of the vision or target condition. While the velocity profiles of young
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22

Sailer, Uta, Florian Güldenpfennig, and Thomas Eggert. "Saccade-Related Potentials During Eye-Hand Coordination: Effects of Hand Movements on Saccade Preparation." Motor Control 20, no. 3 (2016): 316–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/mc.2015-0018.

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This study investigated the effect of hand movements on behavioral and electro-physiological parameters of saccade preparation. While event-related potentials were recorded in 17 subjects, they performed saccades to a visual target either together with a hand movement in the same direction, a hand movement in the opposite direction, a hand movement to a third, independent direction, or without any accompanying hand movements. Saccade latencies increased with any kind of accompanying hand movement. Both saccade and manual latencies were largest when both movements aimed at opposite directions.
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23

Boessenkool, J. Jasper, Evert-Jan Nijhof, and Casper J. Erkelens. "Variability and correlations in bi-manual pointing movements." Human Movement Science 18, no. 4 (1999): 525–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-9457(99)00021-4.

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24

Halewyck, Florian Van, Ann Lavrysen, Oron Levin, Digby Elliott, and Werner F. Helsen. "The Impact of Age and Physical Activity Level on Manual Aiming Performance." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 23, no. 2 (2015): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2013-0104.

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Older adults traditionally adapt their discrete aiming movements, thereby traveling a larger proportion of the movement under closed-loop control. As the beneficial impact of a physically active lifestyle in older age has been described for several aspects of motor control, we compared the aiming performance of young controls to active and sedentary older adults. To additionally determine the contribution of visual feedback, aiming movements were executed with and without saccades. Results showed only sedentary older adults adopted the typical movement changes, highlighting the impact of a phy
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25

Deubel, H., W. X. Schneider, and I. Paprotta. "Visual Attention and Manual Aiming: Evidence for Obligatory and Selective Spatial Coupling." Perception 25, no. 1_suppl (1996): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v96l0312.

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We recently demonstrated that visual attention before saccadic eye movements is focused on the saccade target, allowing for spatially selective object recognition (Deubel and Schneider Vision Research in press). Here we investigate the role of visual selective attention in the preparation of aiming hand movements. The interaction of visual attention and manual aiming was studied in a dual-task paradigm that required manual pointing to a target in combination with a letter discrimination task. Subjects were asked to keep fixation in the centre of a screen. Upon offset of a central cue, they had
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26

Deubel, H., S. Shimojo, and I. Paprotta. "The Preparation of Goal-Directed Movements Requires Selective Visual Attention: Evidence from the Line-Motion Illusion." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (1997): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970060.

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Previous research has demonstrated that visual attention is focused on the movement target, both before saccadic eye movements and before manual reaching, allowing for spatially selective object recognition (Deubel and Schneider, 1996 Vision Research36 1827 – 1837; Deubel, Schneider, and Paprotta, 1996 Perception Supplement, 13 – 19). Here we study the illusory line motion effect (Hikosaka et al, 1993 Vision Research33 1219 – 1240) in a dual-task paradigm to further investigate the coupling of attention and movement target selection. Subjects were presented a display with two potential movemen
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27

Huang, Felix C., James L. Patton, and Ferdinando A. Mussa-Ivaldi. "Manual Skill Generalization Enhanced by Negative Viscosity." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 4 (2010): 2008–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00433.2009.

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Recent human-machine interaction studies have suggested that movement augmented with negative viscosity can enhance performance and can even promote better motor learning. To test this, we investigated how negative viscosity influences motor adaptation to an environment where forces acted only in one axis of motion. Using a force-feedback device, subjects performed free exploratory movements with a purely inertia generating forces proportional to hand acceleration, negative viscosity generating destabilizing forces proportional to hand velocity, or a combination of the acceleration and velocit
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28

Soechting, John F., and Martha Flanders. "Extrapolation of Visual Motion for Manual Interception." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 6 (2008): 2956–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90308.2008.

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A frequent goal of hand movement is to touch a moving target or to make contact with a stationary object that is in motion relative to the moving head and body. This process requires a prediction of the target's motion, since the initial direction of the hand movement anticipates target motion. This experiment was designed to define the visual motion parameters that are incorporated in this prediction of target motion. On seeing a go signal (a change in target color), human subjects slid the right index finger along a touch-sensitive computer monitor to intercept a target moving along an unsee
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29

Steinberg, Fabian, and Otmar Bock. "Context Dependence of Manual Grasping Movements in Near Weightlessness." Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 84, no. 5 (2013): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/asem.3348.2013.

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30

Yildirim, F., and F. W. Cornelissen. "Crowding is similar for eye movements and manual responses." Journal of Vision 14, no. 10 (2014): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/14.10.789.

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31

Barrett, Nicholas C., and Denis J. Glencross. "The Double Step Analysis of Rapid Manual Aiming Movements." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 40, no. 2 (1988): 299–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724988843000131.

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The present paper examines the control principles underlying rapid manual tracking responses to horizontal double-step stimuli. The paper reports an experiment concerned with responses made to step-stimuli presented in quick succession. The amplitude of the second-step was varied between the initial step-position and the home-base. Double-step response parameters were analysed as a function of the determinant time interval (D) between the second step and the onset of the initial response. The initial response amplitude was observed to vary as a function of D. Amplitude transition functions wer
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32

Viviani, Paolo, Paola Campadelli, and Pierre Mounoud. "Visuo-manual pursuit tracking of human two-dimensional movements." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 13, no. 1 (1987): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.13.1.62.

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33

Grigorova, V., and O. Bock. "The role of eye movements in visuo-manual adaptation." Experimental Brain Research 171, no. 4 (2006): 524–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-005-0301-x.

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34

Roy, E. A., L. Kalbfleisch, and D. Elliott. "Kinematic Analyses of Manual Asymmetries in Visual Aiming Movements." Brain and Cognition 24, no. 2 (1994): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/brcg.1994.1017.

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35

Lloyd-Fox, Sarah, Anna Blasi, Nick Everdell, Clare E. Elwell, and Mark H. Johnson. "Selective Cortical Mapping of Biological Motion Processing in Young Infants." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 9 (2011): 2521–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21598.

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How specialized is the infant brain for perceiving the facial and manual movements displayed by others? Although there is evidence for a network of regions that process biological motion in adults—including individuated responses to the perception of differing facial and manual movements—how this cortical specialization develops remains unknown. We used functional near-infrared spectroscopy [Lloyd-Fox, S., Blasi, A., & Elwell, C. Illuminating the developing brain: The past, present and future of functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 34, 269–284, 201
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36

Maraj, Brian K. V., Digby Elliott, James Lyons, Eric A. Roy, and Tamara Winchester. "Influence of Spatial Mapping on Manual Aiming Asymmetries." Perceptual and Motor Skills 86, no. 3 (1998): 967–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.86.3.967.

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Two experiments were conducted to examine manual asymmetries in a one-dimensional aiming task. In Exp. 1, 10 right-handed adults slid a computer mouse 13 cm on a graphics tablet with both the right and left hands to targets of 3 different diameters. Under these conditions, the movement time for the right hand was significantly faster as expected. In Exp. 2, subjects performed similar movements to move a cursor 13 cm on a computer monitor. Thus the study was identical except the stimulus-response mapping was indirect. In this situation, there were no significant differences for either movement
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37

Stephan, Denise Nadine, Iring Koch, Jessica Hendler, and Lynn Huestegge. "Task Switching, Modality Compatibility, and the Supra-Modal Function of Eye Movements." Experimental Psychology 60, no. 2 (2013): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000175.

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Previous research suggested that specific pairings of stimulus and response modalities (visual-manual and auditory-vocal tasks) lead to better dual-task performance than other pairings (visual-vocal and auditory-manual tasks). In the present task-switching study, we further examined this modality compatibility effect and investigated the role of response modality by additionally studying oculomotor responses as an alternative to manual responses. Interestingly, the switch cost pattern revealed a much stronger modality compatibility effect for groups in which vocal and manual responses were com
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38

Kobayashi, Hiroaki, and Kikuko Hayasaka. "Coordinative Movements in Children with Stuttering and Phonological Disorders. Based on Ability of Manual Diadochokinesis in Interfering Manual Movements with the Opposite Hand." Japan Journal of Logopedics and Phoniatrics 41, no. 3 (2000): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5112/jjlp.41.229.

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39

Rose, Paige. "Effects of movement, tempo, and gender on steady beat performance of kindergarten children." International Journal of Music Education 34, no. 1 (2014): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0255761414533309.

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The purposes of this research were to discover the effects of manual (hand) and pedal (foot) movements, tempo, and gender on steady beat accuracy. Participants ( N = 119) consisted of male ( n = 63) and female ( n = 56) kindergarten students randomly divided into two groups, counterbalanced with regard to school, homeroom, and gender. Participants performed steady beat by either tapping or stepping on MIDI controllers. Given a visual model, students were asked to synchronize to the steady beat of musical examples at slow (80 bpm), medium (100 bpm), and fast (120 bpm) tempi. Participants had lo
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40

de Boer, Casper, Johan J. M. Pel, Johannes van der Steen, and Francesco Mattace-Raso. "Delays in Manual Reaching Are Associated with Impaired Functional Abilities in Early Dementia Patients." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 40, no. 1-2 (2015): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000377674.

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Background/Aims: Recent evidence shows that early dementia patients have deficits in manual reaching tasks. It is important to understand the impact of these functional disabilities on their quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate if there is an association between manual reaching and measures of (instrumental) activities of daily living (IADL) in a group of patients with cognitive complaints. Methods: The manual reaching performance of 27 patients was assessed in detail with eye and hand tracking devices. Patients were divided into three groups based on self-reported loss of
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41

Helsen, Werner F., Janet L. Starkes, Digby Elliott, and Martinus J. Buekers. "Manual Asymmetries and Saccadic Eye Movements in Right-Handers During Single and Reciprocal Aiming Movements." Cortex 34, no. 4 (1998): 513–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70511-2.

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42

Kulatunga-Moruzi, Chandani, and Digby Elliott. "Manual and Attentional Asymmetries in Goal-Directed Movements in Adults with Down Syndrome." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 16, no. 2 (1999): 138–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.16.2.138.

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The present study was designed to investigate attentional processes and performance asymmetries in goal-directed aiming in individuals with Down syndrome (DS; n = 6 in each group). Using the right and left hands, young adults with and without DS completed rapid aiming movements to small targets in ipsilateral and contralateral space. On some trials, a visual distractor was present. As attention and action were assumed to be coupled, the impact of distractors on reaction time (RT) and movement kinematics was examined. The performance of individuals with DS was quantitatively and qualitatively d
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43

Morrice, Betty-Lynn, Werner J. Becker, J. A. Hoffer, and Robert G. Lee. "Manual Tracking Performance in Patients with Cerebellar Incoordination: Effects of Mechanical Loading." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 17, no. 3 (1990): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100030572.

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ABSTRACT:Manual tracking performance was studied in five patients with cerebellar incoordination due to unilateral cerebellar hemisphere lesions. The subjects were required to track a target on an oscilloscope screen by moving a cursor controlled by flexion-extension movements of the wrist. In comparison to normal subjects, the cerebellar patients, using their clinically affected arm, demonstrated irregular tracking patterns with inappropriate accelerations and decelerations, numerous high velocity peaks of movement, and an increased time lag between the cursor and the target.The addition of a
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44

Hussein El-Gendy, Mohamed, Yousra Mohamed Abdulla, Ghada Abd Elmonaem Abdalla, and Mohamed M. Elmeligie. "Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy and Manual Exercises on Shoulder Impingement Syndrome: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research 9, no. 4 (2021): 3913–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2021.143.

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Background: The aim of this work was to systematically review the influence of low level laser therapy and manual exercises used on the patients with shoulder impingement syndrome. Methods: Systematic review of all published studies with all research designs except expert opinions. A search was made in Pubmed, Medline, Cochrane library, PEDro and Google scholar; from the earliest date to September 2019. Intervention: Low level laser therapy and manual exercises programs performed by the physical therapist. Results: Only 4 studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis could be done and find
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45

Elliott, Digby, and John Madalena. "The Influence of Premovement Visual Information on Manual Aiming." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 39, no. 3 (1987): 541–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640748708401802.

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Three experiments were conducted to determine whether a visual representation of the movement environment, useful for movement control, exists after visual occlusion. In Experiment 1 subjects moved a stylus to small targets in five different visual conditions. As in other studies (e.g. Elliott and Allard, 1985), subjects moved to the targets in a condition involving full visual information (lights on) and a condition in which the lights were extinguished upon movement initiation (lights off). Subjects also pointed to the targets under conditions in which the lights went off 2, 5 and 10 sec pri
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KOBAYASHI, Hiroaki, and Kikuko HAYASAKA. "Manual Diadochokinetic Movements in Children with Stuttering and Phonological Disorders." Japanese Journal of Special Education 40, no. 6 (2003): 649–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.6033/tokkyou.40.649.

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Elliott, Digby, Eric A. Roy, David Goodman, Richard G. Carson, Romeo Chua, and Brian K. V. Maraj. "Asymmetries in the preparation and control of manual aiming movements." Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale 47, no. 3 (1993): 570–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0078856.

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Elliott, Digby, Randy Calvert, Melanie Jaeger, and Ruth Jones. "A Visual Representation and the Control of Manual Aiming Movements." Journal of Motor Behavior 22, no. 3 (1990): 327–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222895.1990.10735517.

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Rolfs, M., B. Lawrence, and M. Carrasco. "Changes in visual performance and appearance before manual reach movements." Journal of Vision 12, no. 9 (2012): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/12.9.829.

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Kalar, D., D. Liston, B. Adelstein, and L. Stone. "Shared positional noise in manual reaching and saccadic eye movements." Journal of Vision 13, no. 9 (2013): 1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/13.9.1223.

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