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Shikwambana, Lerato, Xolile Ncipha, Sivakumar Kandasami Sangeetha, Venkataraman Sivakumar, and Paidamwoyo Mhangara. "Qualitative Study on the Observations of Emissions, Transport and the Influence of Climatic Factors from Sugarcane Burning: A South African Perspective." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 19, 2021): 7672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147672.
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There are two methods of harvesting sugarcane—manual or mechanical. Manual harvesting requires the burning of the standing sugarcane crop. Burning of the crop results in the emission of aerosols and harmful trace gases into the atmosphere. This work makes use of a long-term dataset (1980–2019) to study (1) the atmospheric spatial and vertical distribution of pollutants; (2) the spatial distribution and temporal change of biomass emissions; and (3) the impact/influence of climatic factors on temporal change in atmospheric pollutant loading and biomass emissions over the Mpumalanga and KwaZulu Natal provinces in South Africa, where sugarcane farming is rife. Black carbon (BC) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are two dominant pollutants in the JJA and SON seasons due to sugarcane burning. Overall, there was an increasing trend in the emissions of BC, SO2, and carbon dioxide (CO2) from 1980 to 2019. Climatic conditions, such as warm temperature, high wind speed, dry conditions in the JJA, and SON season, favor the intensity and spread of the fire, which is controlled. The emitted pollutants are transported to neighboring countries and can travel over the Atlantic Ocean, as far as ~6600 km from the source site.
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Nkomo, Hloni, Ivan Niranjan, and Poovendhree Reddy. "Effectiveness of Health and Safety Training in Reducing Occupational Injuries Among Harvesting Forestry Contractors in KwaZulu-Natal." Workplace Health & Safety 66, no. 10 (July 2, 2018): 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2165079918774367.
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Forestry work is generally characterized by a combination of personal and environmental risks in health and safety. Employers need to ensure intensive and continuous safety training to mitigate these risks; however, the efficacy of this training is seldom evaluated. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of health and safety training in reducing injuries and improving knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions toward safety among forestry workers in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 harvesting contract workers employed at a forestry company in KZN. A questionnaire to assess the efficiency of health and safety training was administered. In addition, a retrospective review of the injury register and medical records of employees who sustained work-related injuries from 2009 to 2013 was completed. The company injury data for harvesting contractors reported 68 lost-time injuries during postcommencement of training. Slip, trip, and fall injuries were the most reported cause of injuries, particularly among manual harvesters. Respondents who were male, younger in age, and with less experience had an increased risk of occupational injury. Most participants displayed adequate knowledge of safety and were able to translate training into practice. The health and safety training initiative was successful in reducing injuries and increasing workers’ awareness of, and responsibility for, health and safety issues.
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Marlow, Christine, and Colin Van Rooyen. "How green is the environment in social work?" International Social Work 44, no. 2 (April 2001): 241–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002087280104400208.
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This research explores environmental issues in social work practice in New Mexico, USA and KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. A total of 113 social workers responded to a mailed questionnaire. The majority of respondents from both regions thought that environmental issues are important personally and professionally and are relevant to the social work profession. However, approaches to practice concerning environmental issues differ between the two regions.
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Seidel, Gill. "Decisions and advice about infant feeding: findings from sociological work in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." African Journal of AIDS Research 3, no. 2 (November 2004): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085900409490331.
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Raniga, Tanusha. "Participatory Experiences of Women in Economic Development Cooperatives in Bhambayi, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Research on Social Work Practice 27, no. 2 (October 5, 2016): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731516671595.
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Purpose: Nation states in both the Global North and South have debated the human rights and liberatory function as opposed to the dependency and economically viable function of social protection policy. This article is an attempt to advance empirical knowledge in the field of social protection policy and poverty alleviation. Method: Using participatory action methodology, I present evidence from 11 women who were involved in an arts and craft economic development cooperative in a community named Bhambayi in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Results: Underscored by the asset-based community development and sustainable livelihood frameworks, this article presents three themes: positive contributions to human capacity development, supportive intersectoral collaboration, and striving for economic self-reliance. Conclusions: This article proposes fresh strategies for women who find themselves outside the circle of secure economic livelihoods to move beyond short-term and survival strategies and work toward economic inclusion.
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Pillay, Yogan G., and Patrick Bond. "Health and Social Policies in the New South Africa." International Journal of Health Services 25, no. 4 (October 1995): 727–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/yju7-0hdm-7tyw-xlmf.
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South Africa's first democratic government is today confronted with the challenge of recasting apartheid social and health policies, transforming a moribund bureaucracy's mode of governance, and restructuring a variety of public and private institutions, including the national Department of Health. In the attempt to redress racial, gender, and class inequities, enormous barriers confront health policy analysts and planners, progressive politicians, and activists within civil society who work in the field of health. This article sets the broad social policy context for the emerging strategies, documents some of the continuing inequities in the health sector, and recounts some recent experiences in one of the nine provinces (KwaZulu-Natal), to illustrate the difficulties and potentials that change of this magnitude presents under the prevailing conditions of neoliberal politics and economics.
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Mbatha, Blessing T., Dennis N. Ocholla, and Jerry Le Roux. "Diffusion and adoption of ICTs in selected government departments in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Information Development 27, no. 4 (November 2011): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266666911424864.
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This study reports on the use, types, and availability of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in four government departments in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, in the context of work productivity and creativity. Roger’s Diffusion of Innovations Theory was used to inform the study in an attempt to understand the diffusion and use of modern ICTs in the government departments under investigation. Through a survey, government departments that are considered to be central to service delivery were targeted. Due to the dispersed nature of the public sector in South Africa, the study was confined to government departments in KwaZulu-Natal. The study used multistage probability sampling to select the elements for the survey method. The sample size for the study was 260 managers. One hundred and fifty-two questionnaires were completed and returned. The data collected was analyzed using thematic categorization and tabulation and the findings presented descriptively. The results indicate that a variety of ICTs have been adopted in the sector for interaction and communication. The respondents' level of interaction with some of the ICTs was very high, while the use of ICTs such as video conferencing, television and radio was very poor. The most common obstacles to the effective use of ICTs in government departments were found to be lack of skills or competence, the lack of an ICT policy, and the lack of proper planning for the adoption and diffusion of ICTs in the sector. Recommendations for the way forward are provided.
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MAHOMED, S., M. ARCHARY, P. MUTEVEDZI, Y. MAHABEER, P. GOVENDER, G. NTSHOE, W. KUHN, et al. "An isolated outbreak of diphtheria in South Africa, 2015." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 10 (May 8, 2017): 2100–2108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268817000851.
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SUMMARYAn outbreak of respiratory diphtheria occurred in two health districts in the province of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa in 2015. A multidisciplinary outbreak response team was involved in the investigation and management of the outbreak. Fifteen cases of diphtheria were identified, with ages ranging from 4 to 41 years. Of the 12 cases that were under the age of 18 years, 9 (75%) were not fully immunized for diphtheria. The case fatality was 27%. Ninety-three household contacts, 981 school or work contacts and 595 healthcare worker contacts were identified and given prophylaxis against Corynebacterium diphtheriae infection. A targeted vaccination campaign for children aged 6–15 years was carried out at schools in the two districts. The outbreak highlighted the need to improve diphtheria vaccination coverage in the province and to investigate the feasibility of offering diphtheria vaccines to healthcare workers.
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Adeagbo, Oluwafemi Atanda, Nondumiso Mthiyane, Carina Herbst, Paul Mee, Melissa Neuman, Jaco Dreyer, Natsayi Chimbindi, et al. "Cluster randomised controlled trial to determine the effect of peer delivery HIV self-testing to support linkage to HIV prevention among young women in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a study protocol." BMJ Open 9, no. 12 (December 2019): e033435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033435.
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IntroductionA cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT) to determine whether HIV self-testing (HIVST) delivered by peers either directly or through incentivised peer-networks, could increase the uptake of antiretroviral therapy and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among young women (18 to 24 years) is being undertaken in an HIV hyperendemic area in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Methods and analysisA three-arm cRCT started mid-March 2019, in 24 areas in rural KwaZulu-Natal. Twenty-four pairs of peer navigators working with ~12 000 young people aged 18 to 30 years over a period of 6 months were randomised to: (1) incentivised-peer-networks: peer-navigators recruited participants ‘seeds’ to distribute up to five HIVST packs and HIV prevention information to peers within their social networks. Seeds receive an incentive (20 Rand = US$1.5) for each respondent who contacts a peer-navigator for additional HIVST packs to distribute; (2) peer-navigator-distribution: peer-navigators distribute HIVST packs and information directly to young people; (3) standard of care: peer-navigators distribute referral slips and information. All arms promote sexual health information and provide barcoded clinic referral slips to facilitate linkage to HIV testing, prevention and care services. The primary outcome is the difference in linkage rate between arms, defined as the number of women (18 to 24 years) per peer-navigators month of outreach work (/pnm) who linked to clinic-based PrEP eligibility screening or started antiretroviral, based on HIV-status, within 90 days of receiving the clinic referral slip.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at the WHO, Switzerland (Protocol ID: STAR CRT, South Africa), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK (Reference: 15 990–1), University of KwaZulu-Natal (BFC311/18) and the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health (Reference: KZ_201901_012), South Africa. The findings of this trial will be disseminated at local, regional and international meetings and through peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberNCT03751826; Pre-results.
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Gordon, M., T. De Oliveira, K. Bishop, H. M. Coovadia, L. Madurai, S. Engelbrecht, E. Janse van Rensburg, A. Mosam, A. Smith, and S. Cassol. "Molecular Characteristics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C Viruses from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Implications for Vaccine and Antiretroviral Control Strategies." Journal of Virology 77, no. 4 (February 15, 2003): 2587–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.4.2587-2599.2003.
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ABSTRACT The KwaZulu-Natal region of South Africa is experiencing an explosive outbreak of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype C infections. Understanding the genetic diversity of C viruses and the biological consequences of this diversity is important for the design of effective control strategies. We analyzed the protease gene, the first 935 nucleotides of reverse transcriptase, and the C2V5 envelope region of a representative set of 72 treatment-naïve patients from KwaZulu-Natal and correlated the results with amino acid signature and resistance patterns. Phylogenetic analysis revealed multiple clusters or “lineages” of HIV-1 subtype C that segregated with other C viruses from southern Africa. The same pattern was observed for both black and Indian subgroups and for retrospective specimens collected prior to 1990, indicating that multiple sublineages of HIV-1 C have been present in KwaZulu-Natal since the early stages of the epidemic. With the exception of three nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutations, no primary resistance mutations were identified. Numerous accessory polymorphisms were present in the protease, but none were located at drug-binding or active sites of the enzyme. One frequent polymorphism, I93L, was located near the protease/reverse transcriptase cleavage site. In the envelope, disruption of the glycosylation motif at the beginning of V3 was associated with the presence of an extra protein kinase C phosphorylation site at codon 11. Many polymorphisms were embedded within cytotoxic T lymphocyte or overlapping cytotoxic T-lymphocyte/T-helper epitopes, as defined for subtype B. This work forms a baseline for future studies aimed at understanding the impact of genetic diversity on vaccine efficacy and on natural susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs.
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Borges, Antonádia. "Land as Home in South Africa: The Living and the Dead in Ritual Conversations." Agrarian South: Journal of Political Economy: A triannual Journal of Agrarian South Network and CARES 9, no. 3 (December 2020): 275–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277976020965796.
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Apartheid segregated not only the living, but also the dead. Taking a wedding ritual as its departure point, the article explores the conversations between the living and the dead taking place in a redistributed farm in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Conviviality between the living and the dead challenges the idea of pecuniary compensation as an adequate land reform policy insofar its beneficiary population expands to the infinite, including those now alive, the living who have already died, and those yet to be born. If these ritual conversations suggest that the past and future are experiential moments beyond what is lived today, it would appear our duty to devise alternatives to the linear, flat, and cumulative narratives that currently dominate our academic work and our political practice.
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Manda, Charles. "Becoming better humans in a world that lacks humanity: Working through trauma in post-apartheid South Africa." Oral History Journal of South Africa 2, no. 2 (March 22, 2015): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2309-5792/77.
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This article shares the work of the Trauma Healing Project in Pietermaritzburg and its surrounding areas in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. In exploring how individuals and families face and work through trauma in post-apartheid South Africa, a pilot project was set up at Pietermaritzburg Agency for Christian Social Awareness (PACSA), which ran from 2009 to 2014. Despite the change from Apartheid to a democratic government, South Africa continues to experience multiple-woundedness through domestic and gender-based violence, injuries, HIV and AIDS, xenophobia and crime. These hamper true political and economic development as so many people have to live with pain. This pain prevents them from making a significant contribution to their communities. This article argues that creating safe spaces, narrating our trauma, writing life narratives and restoring social and religious support systems make significant contribution to the healing of South Africa’s multiple-woundedness and empowering of traumatized individuals and communities to restore relationships, recover faith, hope, meaning and dignity. This type of healing is transformative.
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Adeagbo, Oluwafemi, and Kammila Naidoo. "Engaging the ‘Missing Men’ in the HIV Treatment Cascade: Creating a Tailored Intervention to Improve Men’s Uptake of HIV Care Services in Rural South Africa: A Study Protocol." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (April 2, 2021): 3709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073709.
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Men, especially young men, have been consistently missing from the HIV care cascade, leading to poor health outcomes in men and ongoing transmission of HIV in young women in South Africa. Although these men may not be missing for the same reasons across the cascade and may need different interventions, early work has shown similar trends in men’s low uptake of HIV care services and suggested that the social costs of testing and accessing care are extremely high for men, particularly in South Africa. Interventions and data collection have hitherto, by and large, focused on men in relation to HIV prevention in women and have not approached the problem through the male lens. Using the participatory method, the overall aim of this study is to improve health outcomes in men and women through formative work to co-create male-specific interventions in an HIV-hyper endemic setting in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
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Dube, Misheck. "Poverty, Gender and Primary Education: Experiences of Learners in Elandskop, KwaZulu Natal." Global Journal of Health Science 11, no. 5 (April 8, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n5p67.
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This article discusses the interconnectedness of poverty and gender and learning at primary school level in KwaZulu Natal Province of South Africa. A qualitative study was conducted in two schools in the poverty stricken Elandskop area where data were collected using in-depth face-to-face interviews from purposely selected participants comprising of learners, educators and the headmasters. The aim was to analyse how male and female learners experience poverty, gender role socialisation and the effect on children’ bio-psychosocial health of both sexes. While the findings of the study revealed that poverty and gender socialisation of boys and girls have bio-psychosocial negative influences on them, the gender dimension of poverty had the most negative influence on girls. It was found that primary school learners grapple with coping mechanisms when confronted with poverty coupled with limited family and professional support. Gendered family roles and oppressive religious beliefs have been found to have influence on early marriages and teenage pregnancies resulting in school dropouts. The findings of the study imply that school social work is vehemently lacking yet necessary in schools in the area to assist educators in addressing the psychosocial ill-health of learners which educators are less equipped to professionally handle. The study recommends appropriate bio-psychosocial interventions early in the lives of learners to curtail lifelong developmental predicaments.
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van Wyk, P. S., L. Herselman, and E. J. Van der Linde. "First Report of Ascochyta spp. on Soybean in South Africa." Plant Disease 85, no. 3 (March 2001): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.3.334b.
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During February 2000 soybean fields over a wide area in South Africa were affected by a previously unreported disease. A typical target spot developed on leaves and many became blighted. Elongated dark brown to black lesions developed on the stems, often resulting in wilting of young shoots. Petioles and leaf axils were colonized, resulting in premature leaf drop. The most severe manifestation was on pedicels where infection suppressed podfill and plants remained green as ripening was delayed. Two distinct groups of isolates were obtained from lesions. In both groups an Ascochyta anamorph was present, while from some lesions collected in Kwazulu-Natal and Mpumalanga, a teliomorph (Mycosphaerella) was also present. Since dry beans are produced in these areas and M. phaseolorum is common on this crop, it was believed that the pathogen might have moved to soybean. In cross inoculations, both soybean and dry bean isolates were pathogenic to both hosts. However, M. phaseolorum isolates were more aggressive to both hosts than the Ascochyta sp. Morphologically the anamorphs of two types of isolates were indistinguishable. DNA was isolated from freeze dried mycelia using a modified version of the CTAB-method described by Graham et al. (1). The DNA concentration and purity were estimated by measuring absorbances at A260 and A280. Genetic difference between both isolates were determined using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique. The AFLP analysis was performed following the protocol described by Vos et al. (2) and the product manual supplied by Life Technologies Inc. (Gaithersburg, MD) with minor modifications. Five randomly selected primer pair combinations were tested for their ability to reveal polymorphisms between the isolates. The gel electrophoresis for AFLP products was as described by Vos et al. (2). AFLP gels were silver stained following the protocol described by silver sequence DNA sequencing system manual (Promega, Madison, WI). All five primer pairs revealed only polymorphisms between isolates. No corresponding bands between the two isolates were detected using these five primer pair combinations. It is concluded that both M. phaseolorum and an unidentified Ascochyta sp. were the cause of the epidemic. Ascochyta spp. have not previously been reported on soybean in South Africa. References: (1) G. C. Graham et al. Biotechniques 16:48-50, 1994. (2) P. Vos et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 21:4407-4414, 1995.
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Amolo, John, and Andrisha Beharry-Ramraj. "Unplanned obsolescence: consumer’s attitudes and perceptions of lifestyle brands in Durban, South Africa." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 3 (July 29, 2016): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(3).2016.13.
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Planned obsolescence has become a strategy adopted by large corporations, for products to be produced with surprisingly short useful life spans. These shorter than expected product life spans ensure that consumers make regular repeat purchases of their favorite items. The monopoly of obsolescence of products is no longer the producers’ prerogative and this by itself leads to unplanned obsolescence basically led by the consumers choice. This research study looks into consumer’s attitudes and perceptions of their favorite lifestyle brands. This is on the basis that less is known on unplanned obsolescence, which arises from the consumers conduct. This work also investigates why consumers replace products, even though these products are most often still seen as fully functional. This social constructivism study has adopted a quantitative approach through the use of self-administered questionnaires. The 300 participants of the study on which this article is based were selected from the Durban of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, and were chosen through stratified random sampling. The study was further cross generational, in order to examine how consumers attitudes change as they become older. It was found that despite knowing the truth relating to the phenomenon consumers were willing to remain loyal
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Mashau, Pfano, and Jennifer Houghton. "The potential for reducing youth unemployment through informal business development in the eThekwini municipality, KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa." Journal of Governance and Regulation 4, no. 4 (2015): 596–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v4_i4_c5_p4.
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Youth unemployment is a problem that requires different diagnoses from different stakeholders, and informal business is important for local economic development. However, the youth are not much involved in the informal sector. Youth involvement in the informal sector will help address youth unemployment. This article aims to evaluate the impact of informal business development on reducing youth unemployment in the eThekwini Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Through in-depth interviews with eThekwini Municipality officials, business support organisations and unemployed youth, assessment of supporting documents and site visits, enough data were collected to support the notion that informal business development can work to address unemployment in the municipality. The findings showed that the informal economy does not have a significant impact on completely mitigating the unemployment problem in the municipality. However, the sector is very important for economic growth and development, as well as job creation, which will begin to alleviate the unemployment problem. Thus both the formal and informal sectors of the economy need to be examined as potentially providing the first steps to achieving the long-term employment goals for the eThekwini Municipality.
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Kristine Field, Lyndsay, and Johanna Hendrina Buitendach. "Work Engagement, Organisational Commitment, Job Resources and Job Demands of Teachers Working Within Disadvantaged High Schools in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa." Journal of Psychology in Africa 22, no. 1 (January 2012): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2012.10874525.
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Darroch, MAG, and T. Mushayanyama. "Smallholder farmers’ perceptions of factors that constrain the competitiveness of a formal organic crop supply chain in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 9, no. 4 (May 22, 2014): 498–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v9i4.1049.
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The 48 organic-certified members of the Ezemvelo Farmers’ Organisation in KwaZulu-Natal were surveyed during October-November 2004 to assess what factors they perceive constrain the competitiveness of a formal supply chain that markets their amadumbe, potatoes and sweet potatoes. They identified uncertain climate, tractor not available when needed, delays in payments for crops sent to the pack-house, lack of cash and credit to finance inputs, and more work than the family can handle as the current top five constraints. Principal Component Analysis further identified three valid institutional dimensions of perceived constraints and two valid farm-level dimensions. Potential solutions to better manage these constraints are discussed, including the need for the farmers to renegotiate the terms of their incomplete business contract with the pack-house agent.
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Poliah, Vinola, and Saeeda Paruk. "Depression, anxiety symptoms and substance use amongst sex workers attending a non-governmental organisation in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." South African Family Practice 59, no. 3 (July 10, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v59i3.4538.
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Background: Sex work is a high-risk occupation for mental health problems as sex workers are vulnerable to high rates of violence, sexual coercion, stigma and HIV.
Aim: To determine the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms and substance use in sex workers.Method: A crosssectional questionnaire survey of all men and women attending the Sisonke health initiative, a non-profit non-governmental organisation (NGO), for sex workers was conducted over three months. A socio-demographic questionnaire, the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ 20), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ 9) and the WHO Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST V3.0) were administered.
Results: A total of 155 participants were surveyed. The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms on the SRQ 20 and PHQ 9 total scores were 78.4% and 80.9% respectively. Some 40% of sex workers reported suicidal ideation in the year preceding the study. High rates of violence (n = 112, 72%) and childhood abuse (n = 107, 69%) were reported. The prevalence of HIV was 76.1%. The lifetime prevalence of substance use for nicotine (87.8%), alcohol (87.8%) and cannabis (87.7%) was high. Despite the high prevalence of psychiatric symptoms reported, only 15 (9.7%) participants were receiving psychiatric treatment at the time of the survey.
Conclusions: The high prevalence of anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, substance use and co-morbid HIV infection reported by sex workers and the significant treatment gap suggests an urgent need to provide an integrated health service that targets physical and mental health in sex workers.
(Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp)
S Afr Fam Pract 2017; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2016.1272247
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Kwazi Majola, Brian, and Rubby Dhunpath. "The development of disability-related employment policies in the South African public service." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 1 (April 11, 2016): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(1-1).2016.02.
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Worldwide, the employment of people with disabilities has been challenged by the slow development of ‘workplace specific’ disability employment policies. The focus has been on formulating legislation to overcome barriers and the implementation of national disability policies without ensuring that workplaces formulate such policies. While laws regarding disability have been on the statute books for two decades in South Africa, little is known about how effective they have been and their impact in the workplace. This article examines whether South African government departments have developed or reviewed employment policies for the benefit of people with disabilities, and determines whether policy makers were aware of the existence of the Disability Code (Republic of South Africa, 2002) and the Technical Assistance Manual (Republic of South Africa, 2005) when the policies were developed or reviewed. Human Resource Managers from 16 government departments in KwaZulu-Natal Province were interviewed. It was found that although HR policies were in place and some were being developed, very little has been done in terms of reviewing and/or developing disability employment policies. Furthermore, the existing prescripts were not extensively used as a resource during the development of disability-related employment policies. This has negatively affected the employment of people with disabilities in the public service. It is hoped that the results will assist management, HR practitioners as policy makers, and line managers to develop disability employment policies in order to attract and retain people with disabilities. The research also contributes to the existing body of literature on disability
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Govindasamy, Tamara Rosemary, and Naven Chetty. "Quantifying the global solar radiation received in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal to motivate the consumption of solar technologies." Open Physics 16, no. 1 (December 26, 2018): 786–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2018-0098.
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Abstract In South Africa, power outages and scheduled load shedding are common practices in a bid to safeguard power resources. With the increase in cost of conventional energy sources, and the depletion of fossil fuels, attempts to use renewable resources to their full potential are underway. South Africa and in particular Pietermaritzburg receives sunshine throughout the year, making it suitable for harnessing solar power. In this work we estimate the amount of Global Solar Radiation (GSR) received in Pietermaritzburg which is the capital of the KwaZulu-Natal province. An air temperature model (Hargreaves-Samani) is used to approximate the GSR received in Bisley in comparison to measured data obtained from the ARC, for a period of one calendar year (July 2014 – June 2015). We proceed to apply the Angstrom-Prescott model to evaluate the competence of the initial prediction method. The primary aim of this study is to validate the efficiency and accuracy of the above-mentioned forecasting models, for areas within close proximity. Our results compare fairly well with the observed data provided by the ARC. Both models prove to sufficiently estimate the amount of GSR incident in Bisley. The deviations from the actual measured values suggest that a model which incorporates both variables may improve the accuracy of GSR estimations. The use of comprehensive prediction and forecasting models will allow for optimal placement of solar technologies for the harnessing of GSR within Pietermaritzburg. Though Pietermaritzburg may not be suitable for large scale solar power plants, the employment of solar panels in both industrial and residential areas will contribute greatly to a decrease in demand of grid electricity.
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Aracil, Andrea, Celeste Pérez-Bañón, Ximo Mengual, Snežana Radenković, Gunilla Ståhls, Ante Vujić, and Santos Rojo. "New information about the pre-imaginal morphology of genus Graptomyza (Diptera, Syrphidae, Volucellini): description of third-instar larva and re-description of puparium of G. signata (Walker, 1860)." African Invertebrates 60, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.31521.
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Pre-imaginal morphology of the flower fly species Graptomyzasignata (Walker) is described and figured in detail based on specimens collected on a decomposed Aloe-like plant in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. Third-instar larva is described for the first time and the puparium morphology is re-described using both light (optical) and electron microscopy. The present work represents the second larval description for a species of the genus Graptomyza, after the description of the larva of G.alabeta Séguy. The immatures of these two Graptomyza species were examined and compared to the pre-imaginal stages of the other members of the tribe Volucellini, pointing out the possible diagnostic characters of the genus Graptomyza. Moreover, new DNA barcodes are provided for G.signata and deposited in the NCBI GenBank.
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Lekhanya, Lawrence Mpele, and Roger B. Mason. "The use of marketing strategies by Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises in rural KwaZulu-Natal." Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management 6, no. 1 (December 31, 2013): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajesbm.v6i1.32.
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<p>This paper examines the use of marketing strategies by Small, Micro and Medium Enterprises (SMMEs) in rural areas and identifies how they are limited by various internal and external factors. The study aimed to determine whether rural SMMEs have formal marketing strategies, the factors that constrain their marketing activities, their understanding of what marketing entails and the marketing communications techniques that they use. The study was conducted in rural KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), using a survey method. The sample consisted of 374 SMME owners/managers, selected using quota sampling, with respondents completing a questionnaire with the assistance of an interviewer. The results of the research revealed that marketing knowledge and expertise is lacking, with limited use of marketing strategies by the rural SMMEs. The paper will benefit SMME marketers by assisting them to better understand the marketing tactics to use, dependent on the nature of their environment. Most work on SMME marketing has concentrated on urban entrepreneurial marketing, with little emphasis on marketing strategies used in rural areas. Findings were limited by the study’s exploratory nature and the small sample. Further research with larger samples and the consideration of other provinces is recommended.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong> – Marketing strategy, Rural, Marketing tactics, South Africa, SMME, KZN</p>
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Harrison, Abigail, Jenni Smit, Susie Hoffman, Thobile Nzama, Cheng-Shiun Leu, Joanne Mantell, Zena Stein, and Theresa Exner. "Gender, peer and partner influences on adolescent HIV risk in rural South Africa." Sexual Health 9, no. 2 (2012): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh10150.
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Background and methods In preparation for a school-based intervention in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, a cross-sectional survey of potential HIV risk factors in youth aged 14–17 (n = 983) was conducted. Results: Boys were significantly more likely than girls to report lifetime sexual activity (37.7% v. 13.8%, P < 0.01). Among boys and girls, 46.1% reported condom use at last sex. Discussion of condom use with a partner was the strongest predictor of condom use (boys, odds ratio (OR) = 7.39; girls, OR = 5.58, P < 0.0001). Age was independently associated with sexual activity for boys (OR = 1.49, P < 0.0001) and girls (OR = 1.74, P = 0.02). For boys, perceptions of male peer behaviour were associated with both ever having participated in sexual activity (OR = 1.48, P < 0.01) and condom use at last sex (OR = 1.79, P < 0.01). Girls who equated condom use with having numerous partners were more likely to use them. Among boys, results challenged some expected gender beliefs: support for girls’ initiative in relationship formation and refusal of sex were significant predictors of sexual activity. Among girls, higher pregnancy risk perception (OR = 1.32, P = 0.02) and knowledge (OR = 4.85, P = 0.055) were associated with sexual activity. Conclusions: Creating more gender equitable norms can reduce HIV risk behaviours. HIV prevention interventions should build on existing gender equitable beliefs, and work to promote others, including sexual communication and negotiation skills, and modelling of positive peer norms.
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Govender, Rubendri, Deshini Naidoo, and Pragashnie Govender. "Return to Work following Ill Health or Disability in a Public-Private Health Care Facility: A Study in South Africa." Global Journal of Health Science 11, no. 9 (July 31, 2019): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n9p170.
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INTRODUCTION: Disability management involves is dynamic interactional strategies used to promote an individual’s return to work. These strategies revolve around the person’s health condition and contextual factors for example their employer and the work environment. However, there remains limited literature on the strategies used in the public healthcare sector. Objective: To explore the return to work strategies used at a public sector facility in the province of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.
METHOD: A case study design, with multiple sources of data contributed towards profiling disability management strategies implemented at a central quaternary health care facility. Data collection methods included a file audit, work ability index assessments and semi-structured interviews with employees. Saturation sampling was used to recruit n = 23 employees who had been referred for occupational therapy vocational assessments over a period of 10 years. Data from the file audit were analysed using descriptive statistics and interviews were analysed using thematic analysis.
RESULTS: Fifty six percent (n = 38) of the participants that were currently employed at the institution scored between 28 and 38 (moderate) on the Work Ability Index and required job realignments and reasonable accommodations within their current vocations. Twenty two percent (n = 5) scored 7–9 (poor) and were medically boarded or on long-term incapacity leave.
CONCLUSIONS: Occupational therapists play a significant role in disability management within public health care facilities. Return to work strategies and reasonable accommodations can improve productivity in the workplace.
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Lüdemann, Ernst-August. "THE MAKING OF A BISHOP: PERSONAL REFLECTIONS BY A COMPANION ALONG THE WAY." Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 42, no. 1 (September 19, 2016): 142–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2412-4265/513.
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With this text a German missionary, originating from the Lutheran Hermannsburg Mission, describes his way of service in southern Africa through which he is getting ever closer to Dr Manas Buthelezi. From the outset of Lüdemann’s ministry in KwaZulu-Natal he got to know the young but already widely acclaimed theologian (Buthelezi) in the same diocese. The intensive involvement of Buthelezi in the Black Consciousness Movement gave Lüdemann a deeper insight into his own challenges in apartheid South Africa, and at the same time he understood the critical position in which he had to see himself as a foreigner from Europe.Buthelezi ─ through various positions in his own Lutheran Church (Bishop of ELCSA-Central Diocese, Lutheran World Federation) and in the ecumenical context (Christian Institute, South African Council of Churches) ─ deepened his theological expression in view of the endangered society, and at the same time formulated the specific prophetic message of a relevant Christian gospel. This meant that he was severely challenged in conflicts between various interest groups. More and more he realised that he could with his ministry only survive through a clear scripture-related spirituality as part of the work of the Holy Spirit.
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Dhanraj, Dayanath, and Sanjana Brijball Parumasur. "Employee perceptions of job characteristics and challenges of job rotation." Corporate Ownership and Control 12, no. 1 (2014): 733–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i1c8p6.
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This study assesses employees’ level of satisfaction with the nature of work and specific job characteristics (task variety, challenge, remuneration, recognition and skills variety) and their perceived challenges of job rotation. Biographical influences on these were also assessed. The study was undertaken in an operations environment of a textile company in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The population includes 77 full time shift employees in the organization and due to the small population size consensus sampling was used. Data was collected using a self-developed, pre-coded, self-administered questionnaire whose reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results reflect some doubt regarding the potential for job rotation to reduce work pressure and stress and, indicate the potential of job rotation to disrupt work flow in the short-term and reduce productivity as a result of a reduction in motivation of those employees that are not rotating. Recommendations presented aim to enhance the implementation of job rotation as a work design such that its potential benefits may be realized.
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Green, Paul. "The perceived influence on organizational productivity: a perspective of a public entity." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 2 (June 13, 2016): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(2-2).2016.10.
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In an economic climate characterized by volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity, organizational productivity plays a more central role in determining success. There are many factors that impinge upon employees in their daily execution of duties that affect output. The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that influence organizational productivity, specifically, from the viewpoint of its employees. The study draws upon a quantitative paradigm using a non-probability sampling technique. Data were collected from a total of 161 employees using a structured questionnaire across two different office sites in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Statistical correlation tests were administered, and the findings indicate an association between organizational policies and employee benefit; organizational policies and performance appraisal; and performance appraisal and employee benefit. This research also confirms the findings of others, more significantly, in terms of reinforcing the perceptions of leadership and work-life balance as influential factors
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Rencken, Camerin A., Abigail D. Harrison, Adam R. Aluisio, and Nikki Allorto. "A Qualitative Analysis of Burn Injury Patient and Caregiver Experiences in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa: Enduring the Transition to a Post-Burn Life." European Burn Journal 2, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ebj2030007.
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Over 95% of fire-related burns occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), an important and frequently overlooked global health disparity, yet research is limited from LMICs on how survivors and their caregivers recover and successfully return to their pre-burn lives. This study examines the lived experiences of burn patients and caregivers, the most challenging aspects of their recoveries, and factors that have assisted in recovery. This qualitative study was conducted in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa at a 900-bed district hospital. Participants (n = 35) included burn patients (n = 13) and caregivers (n = 22) after discharge. In-depth interviews addressed the recovery process after a burn injury. Data were coded using NVivo 12. Analysis revealed three major thematic categories. Coded data were triangulated to analyze caregiver and patient perspectives jointly. The participants’ lived experiences fell into three main categories: (1) psychological impacts of the burn, (2) enduring the transition into daily life, and (3) reflections on difficulties survivors face in returning for aftercare. The most notable discussions regarded stigma, difficulty accepting self-image, loss of relationships, returning to work, and barriers in receiving long-term aftercare at the hospital outpatient clinic. Patients and caregivers face significant adversities integrating into society. This study highlights areas in which burn survivors may benefit from assistance to inform future interventions and international health policy.
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Mpele Lekhanya, Lawrence. "Business characteristics of small and medium enterprises in rural areas: a case study on southern region of KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 3 (July 29, 2016): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(3).2016.11.
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This paper reports on the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) business characteristics in rural places of Southern KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province. It was intended to identify and discuss the various characteristics and the implications they have on the survival and growth of rural enterprises. The study was conducted in five areas (uMuziwabantu, Ubuhlebezwe, Sisonke, Zingolweni and uMzimkhulu) Southern Region of KZN province. The sample consisted of 127 SMEs owners/managers operating in the selected areas using a quota sampling method, with respondents completing a five-point Likert scale questionnaire with the assistance of an interviewer. The findings indicated that most employees within the business are unskilled; the business operations are run by using modern facilities; most of business investment strategies are hindered by a lack of finance; and the local market is very small in selling rural SMEs’ products. SPSS (23.0) version was used for data analysis. The findings presented in the figures and tables. Statistical analysis revealed that business characteristics of SMEs in rural were tested and found to be significant (P = .000*). The paper will be useful tool for the policy-makers, business financial support institutions, and business stakeholders, government policy agencies in underlining a new way to consider future growth of SMEs in rural places, to understand challenges properly and to adjust growth strategies for the remote and under-developed areas. Most work has been focusing on SMEs in the urban and metropolitans areas with less emphasis on the rural SMEs with specific reference to KZN. The findings are limited by the quantitative nature, small sample and exploratory study. Therefore, generalization of these results should be done with care and more research with larger samples extended to other provinces is highly recommended
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Collings, Steven J. "Where the streets have no names: factors associated with the provision of counselling and social work services for child rape survivors in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Journal of Child & Adolescent Mental Health 21, no. 2 (December 2009): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/jcamh.2009.21.2.5.1013.
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Hannaford, Alisse, Bulelani Khoza, Anthony P. Moll, and Sheela V. Shenoi. "1300. Young Heterosexual Men in Rural South Africa Want Access to PrEP." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (November 2018): S397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.1133.
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Abstract Background While many HIV prevention services in South Africa specifically support women and girls, substantial gaps exist in HIV prevention, testing and treatment services targeting men and boys. We aimed to characterize HIV prevention knowledge, sexual-risk behaviors and interest in HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among young men in rural KwaZulu-Natal. Methods Men were identified at community settings such as taverns, fast-food restaurants, and local stores. Interviews were conducted confidentially and anonymously in Zulu, and were recorded, translated and transcribed. Transcripts were coded to identify themes. Results Thirty-one HIV negative men (median age 26, IQR 23–31) were interviewed, 52% with a history of STI and 77% unemployed. While most (61%) perceived themselves to be at risk for HIV, less than half had tested for HIV in the prior 3 months (36%), the majority reported inconsistent condom use (87%), and most reported partners outside their relationship (84%). While only a quarter had previously heard of PrEP, all were interested in initiating. Four participants felt PrEP should only be for men because polygamy is acceptable. While most men wanted their partners on PrEP (77%), they also felt that their female partners initiating PrEP would signify a lack of trust in the relationship, while paradoxically acknowledging that their own multiple sexual relationships put their partner at risk. Men expressed fear of destabilizing new relationships by asking about HIV status, and admitted being less likely to discuss HIV status and condoms during sexual encounters involving alcohol. Men felt that using PrEP might lead to decreased condom use and enable their female partners to be sexually active with other men. Men were concerned that if they initiated PrEP they would be mistaken as HIV positive. Conclusion Men in heterosexual relationships in rural South Africa acknowledge engaging in high HIV risk behaviors and feel that they should have access to PrEP. They report contradictory perspectives about their female partners accessing PrEP, and are concerned about PrEP increasing HIV risk behaviors, which needs further exploration. Heterosexual men in sub-Saharan Africa should be targeted for combination HIV prevention services, including PrEP. Disclosures S. V. Shenoi, Amgen Pharmaceuticals: Spouse does part-time contract work, Salary.
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Kanyangale, MacDonald, and Reason Sibanda. "Recipe of Poor Performance: Case of a Misaligned Organisational Architecture of a TVET Campus." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 10, no. 1 (January 17, 2021): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0008.
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The objective of this qualitative study was to explore the nature of the organisational architecture of a Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) campus according to the perspectives of students in KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. Twenty-two students in a TVET campus were selected using purposive sampling and interviewed to collect data. Thematic analysis was used to deduce relevant themes. The results reveal that the organisational architecture of the TVET campus had a twin strategy of active learning and assessment-led teaching that was cardinal, but inadequate for the learning needs of students, and misaligned by unsupportive systems, distant and disconnected style of management to respond to student's problems, shortage of good lecturers and lack of critical resources. Predominantly, students who had already failed in their course were active in cultivating dropout behaviour and culture among peers. The absence of workplace learning by students was a significant gap in the organisational architecture. Critical changes in management style, systems, staff, resources, student peer relations, and reinforcement of workplace learning are imperative if the organisational architecture of the TVET campus is to be re-aligned and effective as a pathway to work for the South African youths.
Received: 19 August 2020 / Accepted: 25 October 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021
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Nkosi, Sidwell Sabelo, Rosemary Sibanda, and Ankit Katrodia. "Mobile Technology as a Learning Tool in the Academic Environment." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 11, no. 2(J) (May 13, 2019): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v11i2(j).2823.
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Education in South Africa is not equally accessible, and the quality of education is not the same across all educational institutions. Students from low-income societies are scoring lower marks in contrast to students from higher income societies. The influence on this is the unavailability of efficient educational resources and infrastructure. This study uses a focus group of 300 students from the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) School of Economics. It attempts to examine and explain the effect of the use of mobile technology in academic activities within the school of economics at UKZN. The study divides the sample size into two groups, half is given mobile technology and the remaining group is deprived of mobile technology. The data is recorded in two educational production functions, namely Ordinary Least Squares and Logistic Regression Model. The cumulative distribution function examines the probability, in form of Logit, that a student passes economic if using mobile technology for academic activities or studying. Study findings indicate that it is imperative that institutions invest in mobile technology as their learning tool to improve throughput rate and it allows efficiency in all academic activities. Mobile technology enables students to be disciplined, effective and work ready.
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Reddy, Atasha, and Sanjana Brijball Parumasur. "Employee perceptions of the influence of diversity dimensions on co-worker interactions and daily organizational operations." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 4, no. 4 (2014): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv4i4art3.
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This study assesses employee perceptions of the influence of diversity dimensions (race, gender, religion, language, sexual orientation, attitudes, values, work experience, physical ability, economic status, personality) on their interactiions with co-workers as well as on their organization in its daily operations. These perceptions were also compared and gender related correlates were assessed. The study was undertaken in a public sector Electricity Department in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The population includes 100 employees in the organization, from which a sample of 81 was drawn using simple random sampling. Data was collected using a self-developed, pre-coded, self-administered questionnaire whose reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings reflect that employees perceive that their interactions with co-workers are most likely to be influenced by attitudes, work experience and personality and that daily organizational operations are most likely to be influenced by race, work experience and attitudes. Furthermore, religion and sexual orientation are perceived as having the least influence on co-worker interaction and day-to-day organizational operations. In the study it was also found that employees perceive that race followed by gender influences day-to-day organizational operations to a larger extent than it influences co-worker interactions. Recommendations made have the potential to enhance the management of workforce diversity.
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Reddy, Atasha, and Sanjana Brijball Parumasur. "Employee perceptions of the influence of diversity dimensions on co-worker interactions and daily organizational operations." Corporate Ownership and Control 12, no. 1 (2014): 810–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i1c9p5.
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This study assesses employee perceptions of the influence of diversity dimensions (race, gender, religion, language, sexual orientation, attitudes, values, work experience, physical ability, economic status, personality) on their interactiions with co-workers as well as on their organization in its daily operations. These perceptions were also compared and gender related correlates were assessed. The study was undertaken in a public sector Electricity Department in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The population includes 100 employees in the organization, from which a sample of 81 was drawn using simple random sampling. Data was collected using a self-developed, pre-coded, self-administered questionnaire whose reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings reflect that employees perceive that their interactions with co-workers are most likely to be influenced by attitudes, work experience and personality and that daily organizational operations are most likely to be influenced by race, work experience and attitudes. Furthermore, religion and sexual orientation are perceived as having the least influence on co-worker interaction and day-to-day organizational operations. In the study it was also found that employees perceive that race followed by gender influences day-to-day organizational operations to a larger extent than it influences co-worker interactions. Recommendations made have the potential to enhance the management of workforce diversity
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Zacharia Mhlanga, Mfanimpela, Elias Munapo, and Nehemiah Mavetera. "Investigating causes of delays and cost escalation in project execution during turnarounds." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, no. 2 (July 14, 2016): 334–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(2-2).2016.08.
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Engen Refinery plant is part of the Engen Petroleum Limited, with operations in Southern Africa. The plant is situated in KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa and it operates 24 hours a day, every day, including weekends. Although Engen operates 24 hours 7 days a week, the plant has to be shut down occasionally for maintenance. These shutdown periods are also used as an opportunity to implement most projects, especially those that could not be implemented during the normal run of the plant. In order to ensure that the plant operations are not interrupted, it is preferable to work on the equipment while the plant is not operational. The shutdown periods are very limited in time, so it is of utmost importance to complete tasks within the given turnaround period in order to get the plant back on line in time to deliver products as scheduled to customers. The main objective of this study is to explore the causes and consequences of delays in project execution and their impact on the success of the project. The study identified poor communication, repetition of tasks, resource allocation, scope change, procurement process management, inadequate planning and poor budget estimates as major contributors to delays and cost escalation during project execution. It is recommended that Engen Refinery put some means together to improve the above-mentioned issues
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De Lange, Naydene, and Claudia Mitchell. "Community Health Workers Working the Digital Archive: A Case for Looking at Participatory Archiving in Studying Stigma in the Context of HIV and AIDS." Sociological Research Online 17, no. 1 (January 29, 2012): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.2591.
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Addressing the issue of HIV-stigma is recognised as essential to reducing the spread of HIV and AIDS, enabling community members to access prevention, treatment and care. Often the very people who are able to contribute to solving the problem, are marginalised and do not see ways to insert themselves into dialogues related to combating stigma. Community health workers in rural South Africa are one such group. At the heart of the research discussed in this article is an intervention based on participatory analysis through participatory archiving ( Shilton and Srinivasan 2008 ). Drawing on participatory work with thirteen community health workers in rural KwaZulu-Natal, we use a digital archive containing HIV-stigma visual data - generated five years earlier by youth in the community - to engage the participants in the analysis. Drawing on such participatory work as Jenkins’ participatory cultures framework, we focus on the idea of re-using, re-coding, and re-mixing visual data. One participant stated that “these pictures talk about the real issues faced by our communities”, highlighting the value of resources generated by community members themselves. They also indicate that they “could use [the resources] to teach the cons of stigmatising”. A key concern in work related to visual images (particularly in projects such as ours where a large amount of visual data is produced) is to consider ways of extending its life through the use of community-based digital archives.
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Govender, I., E. Mutunzi, and H. I. Okonta. "Stress among medical doctors working in public hospitals of the Ngaka Modiri Molema district (Mafikeng health region), North West province, South Africa." South African Journal of Psychiatry 18, no. 2 (May 1, 2012): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v18i2.337.
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<p><strong>Introduction.</strong> Stress and burnout are common among healthcare professionals, including doctors and nurses. Work-related stress rates among the general working population average 18%, while among doctors the rate is reported to be around 28%. Stress in doctors can result in multiple negative consequences. Detecting stress early may have positive outcomes for doctors, their families and the patients they care for. There is growing concern about stress in doctors working in public hospitals, yet there is a paucity of studies on stress among these doctors in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods.</strong> A cross-sectional, descriptive study using a self-administered, standardised questionnaire (12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12)) was conducted among medical doctors working in four hospitals of the Ngaka Modiri Molema (NMM) district, North West province. The research questionnaire was distributed and returned anonymously to ensure confidentiality.</p><p><strong>Results.</strong> Of the 67 doctors in the study, 34 (51%) were found to be stressed; 18 (27%) of the participants were highly stressed (morbidly stressed). This result was compared with figures obtained by Govender in an earlier study conducted among private general practitioners in KwaDukuza, KwaZulu-Natal, in which 38% were stressed according to the GHQ-12; 23% of the subjects were morbidly stressed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> The rate of stress among doctors working in the four hospitals of the NMM district is higher than that found in other studies, which report a stress prevalence of 28 - 38% among doctors.</p>
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Mutereko, Sybert. "Marketisation, managerialism and high-stake testing." International Journal of Educational Management 32, no. 4 (May 14, 2018): 568–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-04-2017-0096.
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Purpose Using a South African district of education as a case study, the purpose of this paper is to explore how high-stake assessments informed by marketisation and managerialism have been embedded in the South African education system. Design/methodology/approach This papers draws on data that were collected through a mixed method approach in the secondary schools of the uMgungundlovu District, which is in Kwazulu-Natal province (KZN) in the eastern part of South Africa. This paper emerged from multiple sources of data, that is, from documents, interviews, questionnaires, and observation as well as secondary sources. Findings The paper demonstrates how the pincer movement of markets and managerialism have used high-stake testing as a mechanism of performativity. It illustrates how test scores are published in newspapers to provide consumers with information that is needed for full participation in the marketised education system. Practical implications The insights from this paper have profound implications for school managers and policy makers. While high-stake tests are logically consistent and theoretically defensible, overdependence on them portends the replacement of traditional values of schools by the market value of the education. Originality/value The study contributes profound insights into how the high-stake testing serves the purpose of social control and subjugation mechanisms for students, schools, and teachers by the state and the invisible arm of the markets. The problem with the use of high-stakes testing as performativity mechanisms is not just that they hinders learning and teaching, but it changes the work of schools and teachers who are at the chalkface of education system.
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Enakrire, Rexwhite Tega. "USING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES IN THE UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULUNATAL AND UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARIES." Mousaion: South African Journal of Information Studies 33, no. 4 (March 10, 2016): 38–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0027-2639/147.
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The use of information and communications technologies (ICTs) for knowledge management (KM) has become a critical success factor in present-day university libraries. University libraries have continued to use ICTs to foster and enhance the operations of information services on a daily basis in the library environment. The use of ICTs requires librarians to have proven knowledge and skills in order to achieve effective and efficient work performance in the libraries. This article focuses on the two research questions, namely: ‘What are the skills needed for ICTs by librarians at the university libraries?’ and ‘What are the challenges faced by librarians in the use of ICTs for KM at the university libraries?’ The research specifically targeted the libraries at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), South Africa, and the University of Ibadan (UI), Nigeria. Quantitative and qualitative research approaches were adopted in order to conduct data collection and data analysis. The research findings were that, when compared, the two university libraries showed a correlation in the skills required by librarians. This is accompanied by knowledge of ICT hardware and software; various subject areas in librarianship; structure and process of cataloguing, and classification, to function better in the library environment. Several challenges, including the high cost of hardware and software; lack of implementation of ICT policies; and inadequate in-depth knowledge of the library holdings were observed. In conclusion, the dynamic information environment requires librarians to be proactive and have enhanced education that would enable them to address change management, leadership roles, and technical information skills. Librarians need to constantly update their knowledge and skill-sets to keep up with current trends of technology in library and information services.
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Van Jaarsveld, Leentjie, P. J. (Kobus) Mentz, and Suria Ellis. "Implementing the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) in a challenging context." International Journal of Educational Management 33, no. 4 (May 7, 2019): 604–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-02-2018-0041.
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Purpose An emphasis on school performance is not just a national issue, but must be examined within the global context. Successful leadership is ensured by school leaders’ compliance to a set of basic practices within particular school contexts. The impact of leadership styles on performance, the work environment and job satisfaction is emphasized, while the appropriate leadership style could make teachers more effective in terms of job productivity. The adoption of different leadership styles by school leaders shows positive results with regard to school effectiveness. The purpose of this paper is to describe school leadership styles and the influence the styles have on school performance. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative approach with a post-positive paradigm was followed. A systematic random sample of 72 secondary schools in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, was selected. The Cronbach’s α coefficient, statistical significance (p-values) and effect size (d-values) were calculated, and a factor analysis was conducted. Findings The results show a difference between teachers and principals regarding the transformational leadership style. The principals in the high-performing schools were perceived as less passive-avoidant in practice than those in the low-performing schools. A principal manages and leads a school effectively by applying an appropriate leadership style. Research limitations/implications For future research, it will be advisable to make use of a mixed-method design. Although the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire addressed numerous aspects of leadership and leadership styles, the “voice” of the respondents lacked. Furthermore, more leadership styles could be investigated in different contexts. Practical implications A chosen principal leadership style is not necessarily the best style for this purpose. School principals and teachers interpret leadership styles differently. Communication is therefore important. Social implications The principal leadership style is not always necessarily the teachers’ and learners’ choice. It is important that schools keep up with a constantly changing world. Originality/value If school principals and teachers agree upon a specific leadership style, there may be better collaboration which enhances better academic performance as well as effectiveness regarding schools.
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van der Spuy, Elrena. "Transforming the Robocops: Changing Police in South Africa. By Monique Marks (2005, Durban: University of Kwazulu-Natal Press, 320pp, £25.95). The Dirty Work of Democracy: A Year on the Streets with the Sap. By Anthony Altbeker, (2005, Cape Town: Jonathan Ball Publishers, 274pp, R149.95)." British Journal of Criminology 46, no. 4 (June 30, 2006): 762–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azl045.
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Garaba, Francis. "Preparing collections for digitisation: The case of religious archives in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Verbum et Ecclesia 35, no. 1 (January 14, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v35i1.1319.
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This article seeks to suggest some of the steps that archival repositories with religious archives should adopt when preparing collections for digitisation. The proposed resource manual is based on a survey using questionnaires, observation and interviews that was conducted between 2011 and 2012 in archival repositories with religious archives in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa to ascertain their readiness for digitisation. The findings revealed that the lack of adequate housing facilities and the need to promote access were incentivising the need to pursue this expensive but noble venture. In other words, the two models of digitisation preferred by these archival repositories were on demand and user initiated, respectively. Despite the great enthusiasm by these surveyed institutions to leapfrog into the digital era, the study concluded, inter alia, that there was a need for the repositories to ensure that their analogue material was meticulously organised before embarking on digitisation. Other pertinent issues included the need for pragmatism, laying parameters in as far as the scope and purpose of what such a project would aim at, identifying resources (human, technical and financial), the benefits to be derived from the digitisation, time framing, transforming the organisational culture, copyright issues, metadata provision, collaborating and selection of content to be digitised. These recommendations come against a backdrop of the poor state of religious archives in the Pietermaritzburg Cluster of Theological Libraries (PCTL) and the need for these repositories to strategically position themselves for the inevitable digitisation, thus ensuring the survival of this record in the long term. It was Bailey who advocated that information professionals need to recognise that although technology moves quickly, with organisations slow to change, we need to work to expedite our responsiveness to change, whatever its pace.Intradisciplinary and/or�interdisciplinary�implications: There is need for archival repositories to move with the times in search of relevance in this InfoTech world; hence, in some academic circles digitisation has been viewed as the microfilm of the new millennium. The proposed resource manual could therefore promote best practices in their digitisation efforts.
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Kyle, R. "The status of and some notes on the Gaboon adder Bitis gabonica in northern KwaZulu/Natal, South Africa and southern Mozambique." Koedoe 46, no. 2 (December 18, 2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v46i2.56.
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Simon, Margit H., Martin Ziegler, Joyce Bosmans, Stephen Barker, Chris J. C. Reason, and Ian R. Hall. "Eastern South African hydroclimate over the past 270,000 years." Scientific Reports 5, no. 1 (December 21, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep18153.
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Abstract Processes that control the hydrological balance in eastern South Africa on orbital to millennial timescales remain poorly understood because proxy records documenting its variability at high resolution are scarce. In this work, we present a detailed 270,000 year-long record of terrestrial climate variability in the KwaZulu-Natal province based on elemental ratios of Fe/K from the southwest Indian Ocean, derived from X-ray fluorescence core scanning. Eastern South African climate variability on these time scales reflects both the long-term effect of regional insolation changes driven by orbital precession and the effects associated with high-latitude abrupt climate forcing over the past two glacial-interglacial cycles, including millennial-scale events not previously identified. Rapid changes towards more humid conditions in eastern South Africa as the Northern Hemisphere entered phases of extreme cooling were potentially driven by a combination of warming in the Agulhas Current and shifts of the subtropical anticyclones. These climate oscillations appear coherent with other Southern Hemisphere records but are anti-phased with respect to the East Asian Monsoon. Numerical modelling results reveal that higher precipitation in the KwaZulu-Natal province during precession maxima is driven by a combination of increased local evaporation and elevated moisture transport into eastern South Africa from the coast of Mozambique.
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Labulo, Ayomide Hassan, Elijah Temitope Adesuji, Charles Ojiefoh Oseghale, Elias Emeka Elemike, Adamu Usman, Akinola Kehinde Akinola, and Enock Olugbenga Dare. "Corrigendum to "Effect of benzophenone on the physicochemical properties of N-CNTs synthesized from 1-ferrocenylmethyl (2-methylimidazole) catalyst" [J. Nig. Soc. Phys. Sci. 2 (2020) 205-217]." Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences, May 29, 2021, 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2021.213.
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In the acknowledgment section of this article, the first and second sentences that read “This research was financially supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) South Africa. We are grateful to the School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) for creating a conducive research laboratory for this work” should have read “The authors acknowledge the School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) for creating a conducive research laboratory for this work”. In addition, the sentence that reads “Ayomide is grateful to Prof. Vincent Nyamori, Prof. Bernand Omondi, and Mrs. Rashidat Labulo for proofreading this manuscript” should have read “Ayomide is grateful to Mrs. Rashidat Labulo for proofreading this manuscript”. DOI of the original article: 10.46481/jnsps.2020.105
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Ramson, Prasidh, Pirindha Govender, and Kovin Naidoo. "Recruitment and retention strategies for public sector optometrists in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa." African Vision and Eye Health 75, no. 1 (March 24, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/aveh.v75i1.349.
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Background: In South Africa, there is a paucity of optometrists serving the needs of the larger public sector. KwaZulu-Natal is one of the most densely populated provinces and home to several of the poorest districts. Despite an optometry school in the province, and with a lack of compulsory community service for new graduates, more optometrists are needed to serve the public sector. While studies on the recruitment and retention of medical and allied health professionals have been conducted, limited evidence exists on work trends of public sector optometrists.Methods: A cross-sectional study design using both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods was used. All public sector optometrists and local district health co-ordinators in the province were contacted, with an 80% (41 out of 51) and 75% (9 out of 12) response rate, respectively. Questionnaires containing demographic, recruitment, retention and open-ended questions were distributed by post, fax and email and via an online survey to both groups. Telephonic interviews were also conducted using semi-structured techniques. Frequency distributions, Fisher’s exact test and odds ratios were used to statistically describe the demographic data, while qualitative responses were recorded and analysed for commonly occurring themes.Results: The present public sector optometry workforce comprises mainly young (73%), black (70%), women (66%). They chose to work in the public sector to ‘make a difference’ and were attracted by ‘good working hours’ and ‘job security’. Fifty-three percent of optometrists work in the public sector due to a study bursary, for which there was a statistically significant association for race (p = 0.01), gender (p = 0.05) and background origin (p = 0.05). To aid their retention in public service, improved salaries, career progression, recognition, improved management relations and improved instrumentation were ranked highest by these optometrists.Conclusion: The demographic profile of presently serving public sector optometrists poses many human resource (HR) challenges and opportunities. Universities should pay attention to rural origin of students and provide exposure to rural clinical experiences during study. Departments of Health use study bursary incentives to recruit optometrists, but need to consider financial and non-financial incentives for their retention. At hospital level, a responsive HR management system should be implemented with emphasis on career management, recognition, improving infrastructure and supporting professional development.
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Ruggunan, Shaun. "The labour market for histopathologists in KwaZulu- Natal: Emerging issues." Health SA Gesondheid 17, no. 1 (November 22, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v17i1.646.
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The aim of this article was to assess the factors that shape the labour market for histopathologists in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. The literature on the labour market and labour processes of histopathologists is dominated by North American and European literature. This gap is most acutely felt on the African continent. This article attempts to fill this gap by shifting the focus towards understanding the factors that shape the professional milieu and labour market for histopathologists in South Africa. This study through a qualitative, descriptive and contextual design engaged in in-depth interviews with 70% of the population of histopathologists in KZN. The interviews were analysed thematically. These interviews were triangulated against labour market statistics for histopathologists in South Africa as well as a range of documentary evidence. The outcome of the study has demonstrated four key challenges facing the labour market for histopathologists: racial inequities persist in the labour market, gender inequities also persist, there is unfettered public-private sector mobility, and poor curriculum design at medical school level accounts for a limited input of registrars into the profession. The article concludes that there needs to be a shift from only studying the labour market and work organisation of clinical doctors to empirical research on the role of medical laboratory specialists in the healthcare chain, which will render South African histopathologists and their work visible. A set of labour market interventions is also suggested.Die artikel bestudeer die faktore wat die arbeidsmark vir histopatoloë in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), Suid-Afrika beïnvloed. Die literatuur oor die arbeidsmark en arbeidsprosesse van histopatoloë word gedomineer deur Noord-Amerikaanse en Europese literatuur. Hierdie gaping is veral akuut op die Afrika kontinent. Die artikel poog om hierdie gaping te vul deur die fokus te verksuif na die faktore wat die professionele millieu en die arbeidsmark van histopatoloë in Suid-Afrika beïnvloed. Die studie het gebruik gemaak van ‘n kwalitatiewe, beskrywende en kontekstuele ontwerp. In-diepte onderhoude is gevoer met 70% van die histopatoloë in KZN. Die onderhoude is tematies geanaliseer. Hierdie onderhoude is getrianguleer teen arbeidsmark statistieke vir histopatoloë in Suid-Afrika, sowel as ‘n reeks dokumentêre bronne. Die uitkoms van die studie het vier belangrike struikelblokke geïdentifiseer wat die arbeidsmark vir histopatoloë in die gesig staar: rasse-ongelykhede duur voort in die arbeidsmark, so ook geslagsongelykheid, daar is vrylike beweging tussen die publieke- en privaatsektors, en ‘n sleg ontwikkelde kurrikulum by mediese skole het lae toetrede getalle vir registrateurs in die professie tot gevolg. Die artikel kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat dit onvoldoende is om slegs die mark en werksoraganisasies van kliniese dokters te bestudeer – empiriese navorsing is ook nodig om die rol van die mediese labaratorium spesialiste in die gesondheidsorg ketting te bestudeer. ‘n Stel arbeidsmark ingrypings word ook voorgestel.