Academic literature on the topic 'Manufacture of chains'
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Journal articles on the topic "Manufacture of chains"
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Brooks, Chester K. "THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST STEEL CHAINS.*." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 30, no. 4 (March 18, 2009): 852–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1918.tb01110.x.
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Chen, Chien I., Huan Ming Chuang, and Kuo En Huang. "The Relationship among Manufacture Procedure, Manufacture Result and Customers Loyalty in Supply Chains." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 4434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.4434.
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The present study examines the relationships between manufacture procedures, manufacture results and customers loyalty. And investigates key drivers that establish maintain customers loyalty. The survey instrument the form of a questionnaire to the function managers of manufacturing firms in Taiwan. These firms are listed in the Business Weekly (Taiwans leading business magazine) as the top manufacturing firms of 2013. There is analysis of confirmatory factor in 410 questionnaires were conducted. LISREL with structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test and analyze the hypothesized relationships of the research model. This study empirically demonstrates the importance of the Manufacture procedure and Manufacture Results dimensions of manufacture quality on Customers Loyalty behavior. Both Manufacture Procedure and Manufacture Results quality are important determinants of Customers Loyalty.
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Rupp, T. M., and M. Ristic. "Fine planning for supply chains in semiconductor manufacture." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 107, no. 1-3 (November 2000): 390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(00)00724-x.
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Swierczek, Artur, and Danuta Kisperska-Moron. "The role and attributes of manufacturing companies in virtual supply chains." International Journal of Logistics Management 27, no. 2 (August 8, 2016): 511–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-12-2013-0162.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the role and main attributes of manufacturing companies which operate in virtual supply chains. Design/methodology/approach – In order to identify the role and main attributes of manufacturing companies enabling to operate in a virtual supply chain, a three-step statistical analysis was employed, namely exploratory factor analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and non-hierarchical clustering technique. Findings – The findings show that virtual supply chain operations would not be supported by manufacturing companies offering highly customized products achieved by a unit production, developed in details and engineered to order. On the contrary, the large manufacturing companies of virtual supply chains report a high level of flexibility stemming from a wide scope of more standardized products offered to the market. The conducted study show that better ability of manufacturers supporting virtual supply chains is not industry specific. Research limitations/implications – The list of investigated attributes is not complete, and other characteristics of manufacturers in virtual supply chains should be identified. Another important shortcoming of the study is its quantitative character and generalization of the findings. Each “virtual” environment in supply chains may be unique and some of the compared characteristics may differ significantly. Therefore, the aforementioned attributes should be considered separately with a conscious focus on the environmental context. The quantitative study may be greatly enhanced by applying the case study approach, showing detailed solutions and practices, and thus making the study more valuable from the theoretical and managerial standpoints. Practical implications – The conducted study showed that better ability of manufacturers to support virtual supply chains is not industry specific, since the branch of electronic products and electrical equipment and components was represented by an equal share of manufacturers, both in non-virtual and virtual clusters. Furthermore, in order to operate in virtual supply chains, managers should pay attention to the structure and range of products delivered to the market. The managers should also be aware that apart from considering cost and efficiency, operating in a virtual supply chain environment also requires quality of products and processes in order to manufacture and deliver a superior value for the customers. Originality/value – Having recognized major groups of indicators demonstrating the level of ability of manufacturing companies to operate in a virtual supply chain, the attributes of three clusters of manufacturers possessing different bunch of features, significant for virtual supply chains, have been distinguished.
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Jarvis, Michael C. "Structure of native cellulose microfibrils, the starting point for nanocellulose manufacture." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2112 (December 25, 2017): 20170045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0045.
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There is an emerging consensus that higher plants synthesize cellulose microfibrils that initially comprise 18 chains. However, the mean number of chains per microfibrilin situis usually greater than 18, sometimes much greater. Microfibrils from woody tissues of conifers, grasses and dicotyledonous plants, and from organs like cotton hairs, all differ in detailed structure and mean diameter. Diameters increase further when aggregated microfibrils are isolated. Because surface chains differ, the tensile properties of the cellulose may be augmented by increasing microfibril diameter. Association of microfibrils with anionic polysaccharides in primary cell walls and mucilages leads toin vivomechanisms of disaggregation that may be relevant to the preparation of nanofibrillar cellulose products. For the preparation of nanocrystalline celluloses, the key issue is the nature and axial spacing of disordered domains at which axial scission can be initiated. These disordered domains do not, as has often been suggested, take the form of large blocks occupying much of the length of the microfibril. They are more likely to be located at chain ends or at places where the microfibril has been mechanically damaged, but their structure and the reasons for their sensitivity to acid hydrolysis need better characterization.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘New horizons for cellulose nanotechnology’.
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Jenkins, Gareth P., and Derek S. Wright. "Managing Inflexible Supply Chains." International Journal of Logistics Management 9, no. 2 (July 1, 1998): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09574099810805852.
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Logistics managers are faced with greater customer volatility, higher customer service expectations and pressure to reduce costs. If these conflicting pressures are to be reconciled, increased supply chain flexibility is vital. Enhanced flexibility is achieved through two types of changes to the supply chain: structural changes, including processes, physical resources and linkages/relationships; and, system changes, including how information is used and decisions taken. Structural changes include reducing lead‐times from suppliers, JIT manufacture, and holding stocks at customers' sites. System changes may include speeding information flow and deploying information technology to improve planning and control of the supply chain.
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Aarabi, Majid, Muhamad Zameri Mat Saman, and Kuan Yew Wong. "The Use of Multi-Agent Systems in Managing Sustainable Supply Chain." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.108.
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The main purposes and challenges in supply chain management are reducing cost and time. Significantly, factors such as the competition of markets in the globe, limitation of energy, raw and virgin materials, environmental protection crisis and increasing of global population dramatically are causing unprecedented issues for the worldwide supply chains for providing goods and services to customers efficiently and effectively. The sustainability approach for Supply Chain Management (SCM) considers the 6Rs principles in four main stages of the supply chains: Pre-manufacture, Manufacture, Use and Post-use. The use of Multi-Agent System (MAS) prepares the most important requirements of an effective sustainable supply chain. At the same time, this agent-based approach provides reliable and agile systems, which will enable enterprises to accommodate ever changing needs of their customers in the future. In this article, the use of MAS for optimal Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) is reviewed and the integrated functioning of certain agents resulting in information sharing is also demonstrated. With this idea, an attempt is made to provide a MAS model for the SSCM. In the proposed model, each agent performs a specific function of the organization and shares information with other agents. In order to describe this multi-agent based approach, a simple case study is given to illustrate the sustainable supply chain operations.
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Klocke, F., R. Schmitt, M. Zeis, L. Heidemanns, J. Kerkhoff, D. Heinen, and A. Klink. "Technological and Economical Assessment of Alternative Process Chains for Blisk Manufacture." Procedia CIRP 35 (2015): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2015.08.052.
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Castillo, Joel A., Jorge Flores-Troncoso, Rigoberto Jáuregui, Jorge Simón, and José L. Alvarez-Flores. "Signal Conditioning Stage in S-Band Communication Subsystem for CubeSat Applications." Electronics 10, no. 14 (July 7, 2021): 1627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10141627.
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This work presents the design, performance evaluation, manufacture, and characterization of an RF front-end signal conditioning chain on a substrate that achieves the best performance at S-band frequencies and complies with the dimensions of the international standard for CubeSat-type nanosatellites. In this development, the signal conditioning chains were carried out on the high-frequency substrates RO4350B, CuClad 250, and RT/duroid 5880, considering scattering parameters in a small-signal regime. Concerning the power output, after the filtering and amplifying stages, the conditioning chain delivered 2 watts at 2.25 GHz. Moreover, up to 40 dB gain was achieved, and a good impedance matching at −20 dB for both input and output ports was observed. The numerical simulations and experimental results showed that an RO4350B substrate allows the smallest design dimensions, and these comply with the dimensions of the CubeSat standard. The manufactured RF front-end signal conditioning chain on RO4350B requires an area of 95 mm2, and it is ready to be used in a proof-of-concept space mission in a CubeSat.
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Dimitrov, D., W. van Wijck, N. de Beer, and J. Dietrich. "Development, evaluation, and selection of rapid tooling process chains for sand casting of functional prototypes." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 221, no. 9 (September 1, 2007): 1441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544054jem728.
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This paper discusses the results obtained from studies on different rapid tooling process chains for improved design and manufacture of foundry equipment for sand casting of prototypes in final material for functional and pre-production tests of vehicles, using the three-dimensional printing process as core technology. Subsequently, while considering aspects such as time, cost, quality (accuracy and surface roughness), and tool life, a framework for evaluation and selection of the most suitable process chain in accordance to specific requirements is presented. Apart from only using these process chains for prototype manufacturing, initial results from a study to apply one of these process chains in automated sand casting full production is also presented. This research builds on an in-depth characterization of the accuracy and repeatability of a three-dimensional printing process.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Manufacture of chains"
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Van, der Horst Frank. "South African automotive industry: globalisation, re-structuring and world-class manufacture." University of the Western Cape, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7900.
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Magister Commercii - MComPolitical and economic sanctions between 1970 and 1994 isolated the inward-oriented economy of South Africa from global trends. A variety of factors, such as a challenging new global competitive environment, production overcapacity, falling protectionist tariff barriers in a period of liberalisation, world-class manufacture and globalisation, are contributing to the reform of the economy and the automotive industry. The South African automotive industry therefore faces a major reform in trade policy. The South African government introduced the Motor Industry Development Plan (MIDP) in 1995, to create the necessary levels of competitiveness, promote world class manufacture practices, increase levels of investments and exports that would consequently lead to the successful reconstruction and development of this sector of the South African economy. Subsequent research has shown that the successful adoption of world-class manufacture (or lean production) processes in the South African automotive industry is necessary not only for survival, but also for increased competitiveness of the industry and the improved economic performance of automotive firms. However, complicated links exist between the adoption of world-class manufacture for improved levels of operational competitiveness. for firm-level success, on the one hand, and long-term sustainability of the industry, on the other hand. Combined firm level economic success and long-term sustainability of the industry depend on factors such as international trends, connectivity to global value chains, modern technological capabilities, lean production and enterprise systems, substantial investments, increased exports, world-wide quality standards, as well as customer satisfaction, human resource development, advanced education, skills development, worker participation, government policy and institutional support. This is borne out by a recent study of the auto component sector, utilising a lean , production 'market driver' toolkit. The study found that although component manufacturers significantly improved their operational competitiveness, they have not necessarily experienced improved economic performance levels. More important is connectedness and integration into global value chains, via intermediaries, mergers and acquisitions. The changing political economy of automotive value chains is also important in shaping fum-level operational success and industry sustainability. In this research paper, we review global automotive industry trends which influenced the introduction of the government's visionary MIDP. We then discuss their impact on the performance of the South African assembly and component sectors at industry and finn level. This leads to a series of recommendations for improved performance to world-class manufacture, world-wide quality standards and global competitiveness
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van, der Horst Frank A. "South African automotive industry: Globalisation, re-structuring and world-class manufacture." University of the Western Cape, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7901.
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Magister Commercii - MComPolitical and economic sanctions between 1970 and 1994 isolated the inward-oriented economy of South Africa from global trends. A variety of factors, such as a challenging new global competitive environment, production overcapacity, falling protectionist tariff barriers in a period of liberalisation, world-class manufacture and globalisation, are contributing to the reform of the economy and the automotive industry. The South African automotive industry therefore faces a major reform in trade policy. The South African government introduced the Motor Industry Development Plan (MIDP) in 1995, to create the necessary levels of competitiveness, promote worldclass manufacture practices, increase levels of investments and exports that would consequently lead to the successful reconstruction and development of this sector of the South African economy. Subsequent research has shown that the successful adoption of world-class manufacture (or lean production) processes in the South African automotive industry is necessary not only for survival, but also for increased competitiveness of the industry and the improved economic performance of automotive firms. However, complicated links exist between the adoption of world-class manufacture for improved levels of operational competitiveness. for firm-level success, on the one hand, and long-term sustainability of the industry, on the other hand. Combined firm level economic success and long-term sustainability of the industry depend on factors such as international trends, connectivity to global value chains, modern technological capabilities, lean production and enterprise systems, substantial investments, increased exports, world-wide quality standards, as well as customer satisfaction, human resource development, advanced education, skills development, worker participation, government policy and institutional support. This is borne out by a recent study of the auto component sector, utilising a lean , production 'market driver' toolkit. The study found that although component manufacturers significantly improved their operational competitiveness, they have not necessarily experienced improved economic performance levels. More important is connectedness and integration into global value chains, via intermediaries, mergers and acquisitions. The changing political economy of automotive value chains is also important in shaping fum-level operational success and industry sustainability.
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Borbon, Galvez Yari. "Capabilities meet regulation : the compliance processes of Mexican food supply chains with United States biosecurity regulations." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/45518/.
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This thesis explores how Mexican fresh produce supply chains have responded to US bio-security regulations designed to prevent the intentional and accidental contamination of imported food. It explores the compliance processes, which are theorised using a framework drawn from the Resource-Based View (RBV) and the Supply Chain Governance (SCG) literatures. The constructs developed herein regarding capabilities and supply chain ‘governance structures' complement previous Regulation Studies (RS) explaining compliance behaviour. The thesis analysed 12 case studies, and tested causal conditions of compliance using a multi-value Qualitative Comparative Analysis (mvQCA) method. The main results show: 1) the pathways to meet the regulatory requirements; 2) the limited diversity of capabilities associated with higher levels of compliance; and 3) the importance of tight supply chain coordination to source and exchange knowledge for compliance, regardless of how or who governs the supply chain. The thesis contributes to various academic debates. It removes the RVB assumptions that resources and capabilities are intrinsically valuable and complementary, and therefore contributes towards making the theory less tautological. It shows how SCG benefits when the effects of supply chain integration and coordination are examined independently. It differentiates between firms lacking willingness and firms lacking capabilities to comply, making it possible to define suitable regulatory strategies for each type of firm. The thesis makes a methodological contribution as it is one of the first studies applying the mvQCA in Science, Technology and Innovations Studies (STIs). The new methodology is used here to test the causal conditions of compliance, but can also be applied to innovative performance more generally. The thesis concludes by showing how US regulations were effective in achieving their regulatory aims without significant negative consequences, and suggesting that STI regulatory policies can be used to increase business engagement to prevent the intentional and accidental contamination of the food chain.
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Hostinský, Michal. "Nekonvenční technologie výroby řetězů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232064.
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Unconventional technologies and their continual development brings along new possibilities in the manufacturing process. The submitted project is focused on solving problems in the procession of sheet metals in the manufacture of special parts of roller and conveyor chains. In the assessment of the technology of components, laser cutting was evaluated as the most optimal technology. With this goal, there was a public tender in terms of the purchase of a new machine designed for the manufacturing operations of the company of RETEZY Vamberk. This company ranks among the most major manufacturers of conveyor, roller and special chains in Europe.
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Er, Mahendrawathi. "Managing product variety in international supply chains." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11208/.
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In today's business environment, firms increasingly think in the context of a supply chain rather than a single factory and operate globally rather than in a single nation. At the same time, we have also witnessed increasing breadth in product ranges and accelerating rates of new product introduction in the marketplace. While there are potentially strong interrelationships between product variety and international supply chain management, the issues have been addressed separately in the research literature. Owing to this shortfall, this study investigates the issue of product variety in the context of international supply networks. More specifically, the study seeks to gain insights on different types of co-ordination and configuration of international supply network and to more deeply understand the impact of, and the interrelationships between, product variety, supply lead-time and demand uncertainty on the performance of an international supply chain. Empirical and simulation studies have been conducted to fulfil the above objectives. The empirical study involves eleven manufacturing companies in Indonesia, belonging to both Multinational Corporations (MNC) and contract manufacturers, and one company in the UK operating internationally that owns manufacturing units as well as contracting out. The empirical study generated findings on configuration structures, co-ordination policies, and product variety impact and management. Based on their configuration and coordination strategies, MNC supply networks involved in the empirical study can be classified as supply networks that have regional autonomous subsidiaries, regional clusters of subsidiaries and purely global supply network. Contract manufacturers' configurations may change from one selling period to another. More co-ordination efforts are found to be necessary in MNC supply networks compared to contract manufacturer supply networks. Although companies face different challenges with respect to product variety and uncertainties in demand and supply, the evidence shows that product variety principally affects the procurement of materials, as various products require different materials and parts. Product variety also affects production due to the need to conduct set-up activities. To obtain a deeper understanding of the impacts of product variety, supply lead time and demand uncertainty on supply chain performance, a simulation study has been conducted. A simulation model was developed based on the insights obtained from the empirical study. The model represents a three-stage MNC supply network producing consumer goods in discrete manufacturing processes. Product variety is represented in the model by the use of different types of material required at different stages of the production process. An extensive set of simulation experiments concentrated on flow time and inventory performance. Results from the simulation experiments show that increases in product variety extend the average flow time due to the need to conduct set-up activities. The impact of product variety on flow time depends on the severity of set-up and the stage at which variety occurs in the production processes. Variety occurring early in the production process and generating long set-up times has a more pernicious impact on average flow time compared to variety occurring later and requiring shorter set-ups. Supply and demand uncertainty may affect the supply chain performance as it may delay the manufacturing processes. When supply lead-time is subject to uncertainty, materials may not be available at the right time for production. Similarly, demand uncertainty may lead to a situation where the available materials may not be adequate to meet the production requirements. The simulation results show that producing high variety when material delivery time is subject to uncertainty has a damaging impact on the two supply chain performance metrics - flow time and inventory level. The supply chain performance worsens with increasing level of supply uncertainty. Producing high variety when either aggregate-level or product-level demand is subject to uncertainty results in a higher level of inventory and longer average flow time. The worst performance in terms of average flow time and average inventory is evident when the supply chain produces maximum variety and both supply and demand are subject to uncertainty. The simulation study provides a guide to the magnitude of the impact in each case. Findings from the empirical and simulation study are synthesised into a framework for understanding and managing product variety in international supply chains. The framework can be used to understand interrelationships between key factors in managing product variety in international supply networks and to identify potential strategies to mitigate the negative impact of those factors on performance.
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Afshar, Saman. "Investigating product acquisition strategies in closed-loop supply chains." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33496/.
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Remanufacturing is one of the main recovery operations in Closed-Loop Supply Chains (CLSCs) that not only can contribute to a more sustainable environment, but also has significant economic and social benefits. A key factor for having an efficient remanufacturing operation is to control the heterogeneous characteristics of product returns in terms of quantity, quality and timing. Product Acquisition Management is an essential process in CLSCs, which aims to deal with these characteristics of product returns. The present study extends knowledge in Product Acquisition Management, by developing quantitative models that generate meaningful insights into the economics of proactive product acquisitioning. In addition, case studies inform the present study with the current status of product acquisition management in practice and the relevant challenges. The economic-oriented decision about operating a proactive or passive strategy is explored under quantity and quality-based incentive approaches. Closed-form solutions and quality thresholds are derived for the optimal return rate and optimal quality rate that minimises the total cost of the proactive strategy. The analysis of the infinite planning horizon models show that, the optimal acquisition strategy depends on a trade-off between the relevant remanufacturing cost advantage and the acquisition cost structure. A diseconomy of scale in the acquisition of returns leads to a decrease of the remanufacturing amount. Sensitivity analysis further highlights the differences between the quantity and the quality-based incentive approaches. This study extends its investigation on the economic viability of the proactive acquisition strategy under the finite planning horizon. Using the product life cycle as a basis for matching demand and supply, the analysis shows that delays in the processing of returns will reduce the cost advantages of a proactive acquisition strategy and that applying a dynamic acquisition policy will increase the cost improvement of the proactive strategy. Finally, the study investigates a dynamic manufacturing-remanufacturing system with a responsive buy-back policy by considering multiple quality levels and decay rates. The model is formulated using optimal control theory, and shows that the optimal acquisition strategy depends on the manufacturing-remanufacturing cost difference and price sensitivity of the return response function for high and low quality used products. The sensitivity analysis indicates that in general it is beneficial to obtain a higher rate of high quality returns in the beginning of the planning horizon, and a higher rate of low quality returns towards the end. The fluctuation in demand is mainly absorbed by manufacturing new products and much less by remanufacturing returns. Within the optimal buy-back policy, the result has indicated that it is the acquisition of high quality of returns that mirror the fluctuation in the demand, while the acquisition of low quality of returns show a relatively stable trend.
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Afazov, Shukri. "Simulation of manufacturing processes and manufacturing chains using finite element techniques." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10827/.
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This thesis presents work on the simulation of manufacturing chains, simulation of manufacturing processes (casting, forging, shot-peening and heat treatment) and fatigue life prediction by using the finite element method (FEM). The objectives and the contributions of this thesis consist of development of mathematical algorithms and techniques for mapping and transferring FE data (stresses, strains, displacements, etc.) from macro-to-macro and micro-to-macro FE models among different FE solvers and meshes. All these features have been implemented into a new finite element data exchange system (FEDES). FEDES has been developed to simulate manufacturing chains by using FE techniques. Extensive research has been carried out on the simulation of investment casting processes of aero-engine parts under equiaxed and directional cooling. Methodologies for predicting the component life undergoing low cycle fatigue (LCF) and high cycle fatigue (HCF) have been developed. Life prediction based on the effect of the residual stresses obtained from micro machining and shot-peening processes has been investigated. FEDES has been used to simulate two manufacturing chains where the residual stresses and the distortions after each manufacturing process have been passed to the next process of the chain. Manufacturing chain simulation including casting, forging and heat treatment has been carried out on a simple parallelepiped geometry. A second manufacturing chain simulation has been performed on an aero-engine vane component which includes the following manufacturing processes: metal deposition, welding, heat treatment, machining and shot-peening. An investment casting simulation under equiaxed cooling of the bottom core vane (BCV) component of the aero-engines vane has been performed. The gap formation and the gap conductance have been studied and implemented in the analyses. The main goal is to investigate the residual stresses in the BCV cast with Inconel 718 material. Two FE solvers (ABAQUS and ProCAST) have been used for validation purposes. An investment casting simulation under directional cooling in a Bridgman furnace of a high pressure turbine blade (HPTB) with CMSX-4 material has been carried out. The effect of the withdrawal velocity on the temperature and the residual stresses of the HPTB cast has been investigated.
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Farooq, Sami. "Manufacturing technology selection : a supply chain perspective." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11033/.
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This thesis describes a technology selection framework for manufacturing technology selection. Technology selection has been identified as a major area of decision making in a company's manufacturing strategy and is highlighted as a manufacturing objective that can provide competitive advantage to a company. The research identifies the emergence of global supply chains as a major phenomenon that has revolutionised the global business environment. Considering the presence of global supply chains and their ever increasing importance the research has proposed a process for manufacturing technology selection keeping in view the supply chain perspective. The technology selection framework introduces the concept of risk evaluation of available technology alternatives for strategic technology selection. The risk associated with technology alternatives is evaluated in the shape of opportunities and threats. The decision making environment for technology selection is divided in a way to consider intra as well as inter-organisational factors. The classification of the decision making environment, inclusion of risk calculations and consideration of a supply chain perspective enables the developed technology selection framework to thoroughly evaluate a technology alternative before its strategic selection. The research presented in this thesis is composed of two main sections. The first section deals with the development of the technology selection framework, whereas the second section describes the application of the developed framework in an aerospace manufacturing company in detail. The application of the framework in industry helped in understanding the issues surrounding the technology selection process and provided an insight into how the existing technology selection processes can be improved and why it is necessary to address the supply chain factors functionally as well as holistically in manufacturing technology selection. The major contribution of this research is a technology selection framework integrating manufacturing and the supply chain. Academically the research establishes a link between manufacturing technology selection and the supply chain and emphasises the importance of alignment between manufacturing and supply chain objectives.
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Abushaikha, Ismail. "Supply chain integration from a resource-based view perspective : empirical evidence from Jordan's garment manufacturers international supply chains." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2773.
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Despite the large body of research devoted to the topic of supply chain integration in operations and supply chain management literature, most studies agree that the concept is still undertheorised. There is also a dearth of empirical research on supply chain integration comprising external suppliers and customers and internal company integration, and weaknesses in our understanding of the interrelationships between the levels of supply chain integration. This research addresses these gaps in literature and investigates how supply chain integration might lead to improved competitive advantage. A theoretical framework was developed from the literature and encompassed three levels of external supplier and customer and internal company integration. This framework is anchored by the resource-based view (RBV) addressing a theoretical gap in the way this theory might be used across the supply chain to enhance competitive advantage. Following a pilot case study, five case studies were conducted in the context of garment manufacturers supply chains. The data collection process adopted a novel methodological approach through obtaining evidence from manufacturers, suppliers and customers across each case study supply chain. The outcome of the case study research is an empirical model of supply chain integration. The empirical findings suggest that supply chain integration is achieved through integration at the three levels of internal, supplier and customer, and that the benefits reaped from internal company integration is higher in the presence of customer integration. The importance of this finding is that it addresses a frequently asked question in recent literature about the relevance of internal company integration to the successful implementation of supply chain integration. Moreover, this research contributed to supply chain management literature through theoretical and practical application of RBV across geographically dispersed garment manufacturers’ supply chains. The empirical findings suggest that garment manufacturers benefited from inbound spillover (unintended) rents through integrating with their international customers. The findings also suggest that the developed empirical model informs the concept of supply chain visibility; an emerging area of research in recent years. Finally, this thesis provides practical implications and some directions for future research.
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Abubakar, Tijjani. "A study of sustainability in the oil and gas supply chain." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2014. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/11807/.
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There is a general consensus that human activity has significant impact on global climate change with significant consequences to the environment. Although there has been relatively limited research on the relationship between corporate environmental performance and corporate financial performance, empirical of the relationship between proactive corporate climate change strategies and economic performance is still in need of clear delineation. It is in light of this hat this research examines the impacts of sustainability adoption on competitive performance of oil and gas companies. The research explores the notion of market driven sustainability by establishing an empirical link between sustainable supply chains characteristics and organisational competitiveness. The overall aim is to develop an empirical model of sustainable supply chain characteristics that improves resource utilisation, profit maximization and competitiveness in the oil and gas industry. The research reviews existing literature on supply chain management, sustainability and competitive objectives in order to generate an appropriate and adequate context for relevant analytical investigations. Primary data on sustainability and its impacts on organisational performance were collected from UK and gas industry through survey by questionnaire. The results show that the most significant drivers of sustainability are the desire to conserve energy, increase market share and improve competiveness. However, legal and regulatory pressure, in contrast to common perspectives in the literature, was not seen as strong drivers of sustainability. The most significant inhibitors of sustainability are inappropriate infrastructural facilities, higher take-up costs, shortage of information on sustainability and employees lack of environmental awareness. The results further indicate that, though sustainability strategies implemented by the respondent firms varied in scopes, these strategies were being extensively and successfully implemented. Generally, the adoption of sustainability in oil and gas supply chain leads to improved economic performance and environmental performance, which, in turn, positively impact organisational competitiveness. These results are of particular importance to managers, government policy makers environmentalists and researchers.
Books on the topic "Manufacture of chains"
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Mark, Ralf, and Michels Bill, eds. Transform your supply chain: Releasing value in business. London: International Thomson Business Press, 1998.
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Managing quality: Integrating the supply chain. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007.
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Foster, S. Thomas. Managing quality: Integrating the supply chain. 4th ed. Boston: Prentice Hall, 2009.
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Egger, Peter. The international fragmentation of the value added chain: The effects of outsourcing to Eastern Europe on productivity, employment, and wages in Austrian manufacturing. Wien: WIFO, 2001.
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William, Dettmer H., ed. Manufacturing at warp speed: Optimizing supply chain financial performance. Boca Raton, FL: St. Lucie Press, 2000.
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Schragenheim, Eli. Manufacturing at warp speed: Optimizing supply chain financial performance : includes simplified drum-buffer-rope. Boca Raton, FL: St. Lucie Press, 2001.
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Merry, Michael L. The lean supplier, 1968-2010: Supply chain management for suppliers, contractors and manufacturers working for mining companies located far from the source of supply. Coral Gables, Fla: Lean Supplier Pub., 2011.
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Mofo, Liako. Future-proofing the plastics value chain in Southern Africa. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/905-1.
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Plastics are ubiquitous across the region and play an important role in multiple industries. Most plastic products are based on a value chain that is grounded in petroleum refining, posing an environmental challenge. Plastic manufacturing in South Africa suffers from the high cost of polymers as inputs. Mozambique is endowed with large natural gas deposits. This research assesses the potential for the sustainable development of a plastics value chain in Southern Africa, with the aim of future-proofing the industry against changes in the petroleum space while bolstering growth in plastics manufacture and fostering a more equitable regional distribution of plastics activities. This study found that there is strong regional value chain potential between South Africa and Mozambique, with Mozambique producing natural gas feedstock and South Africa providing labour, capital, and technology. South African plastic manufacturers could also benefit from better input prices derived from better priced natural gas from Mozambique.
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Low, Patrick, Gloria O. Pasadilla, and Gloria Pasadilla. Services in Global Value Chains: Manufacturing-Related Services. World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, 2016.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Manufacture of chains"
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Gorria, Carlos, Mikel Lezaun, David Pardo, Eduardo Sáinz de la Maza, D. Bilbao, Igor Gutiérrez, and Mariano Lueches. "Optimising the Welding Process in the Manufacture of Offshore Mooring Chains." In Advances in Differential Equations and Applications, 183–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06953-1_18.
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Zhou, Jiangqi, Guanlong Chen, Xinmin Lai, and Zhongqin Lin. "Automated Generation of Dimension Chains for Auto-Body Dimensional Quality Evaluation." In Perspectives from Europe and Asia on Engineering Design and Manufacture, 125–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2212-8_12.
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Wadecki, Adam A., Volodymyr Babich, and Owen Q. Wu. "Manufacturer Competition and Subsidies to Suppliers." In Supply Chain Disruptions, 141–63. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-778-5_6.
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Aydin, Goker, and Evan L. Porteus. "Manufacturer-To-Retailer versus Manufacturer-To-Consumer Rebates in a Supply Chain." In Retail Supply Chain Management, 237–70. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78902-6_10.
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Aydin, Goker, and Evan L. Porteus. "Manufacturer-to-Retailer Versus Manufacturer-to-Consumer Rebates in a Supply Chain." In Retail Supply Chain Management, 349–86. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7562-1_13.
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Huang, Zhimin, and Susan X. Li. "Coordination and Cooperation in Manufacturer-Retailer Supply Chains." In Data Mining and Knowledge Management, 174–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30537-8_19.
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Szwejczewski, Marek, and Malcolm Jones. "Lean Improvement: Developing the Supply Chain." In Learning From World-Class Manufacturers, 99–111. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137292308_6.
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Aschenbrücker, Andreas. "Supply Chain Risk Management for Pharmaceutical Manufactures." In Logistics Management, 401–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13177-1_31.
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Bahrami, Kourosh. "Improving Supply Chain Productivity Through Horizontal Cooperation — the Case of Consumer Goods Manufacturers." In Cost Management in Supply Chains, 213–32. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11377-6_13.
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Sodhi, ManMohan S., and Christopher S. Tang. "Application—Scenario Planning for Mitigating Supply Chain Restructuring Risk at a PVC Manufacturer." In Managing Supply Chain Risk, 135–45. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3238-8_9.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Manufacture of chains"
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R, Minev, Vella P, Brousseau E, Dimov S, Minev E, and Matthews C. "Methodology for Capability Maturity Assessment of MNT Chains." In 7th International Conference on Multi-Material Micro Manufacture. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-08-6555-9_141.
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Sandhu, Jaspal S., Aman Bhandari, Mahad Ibrahim, and P. Balakrishnan. "Appropriate Design of Medical Technologies for Emerging Regions: The Case of Aurolab." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81291.
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Healthcare delivery in emerging regions presents a unique set of challenges and is characterized largely by poor infrastructure. Though there is significant variation from country to country - and even within countries - in emerging regions, common themes emerge, such as overreliance on direct payment schemes, unreliable supply chains, and intermittent power in rural settings. These themes in turn impose particular design requirements on manufacturers of medical devices and pharmaceuticals; this paper focuses on these design requirements. We illustrate the importance of designing specifically for the developing context, using the example of Aurolab, a non-profit medical manufacturer located in Tamil Nadu, India. Started in 1992, Aurolab began operations with the manufacture of intraocular lenses (IOL), implantable polymer lenses for cataract surgery, becoming the first to produce this technology in India. Today Aurolab produces a variety of medical devices and ophthalmic pharmaceuticals, and deliver their products to 120 countries worldwide. Aurolab’s products illustrate many of the key design requirements for healthcare delivery in India and in other emerging contexts.
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Vargas, Pedro, and Philippe Jean. "FEA of Out-of-Plane Fatigue Mechanism of Chain Links." In ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2005-67354.
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Several mooring chains of an off-loading buoy failed after only 8 months of service. These chains were designed according to conventional fatigue assessment using API RP 2SK T-N curves to a fatigue life of 20 years with a factor of safety equal to 3 on life. Of particular interest is that the mooring chain failure underwent significant mooring chain motions that caused interlink rotations. Although traditionally neglected, these interlink rotations, when combined with significant chain tensions can cause bending stresses in the chain links. In this paper we identify a mechanism, here identified as Out-of-Plane Bending (OPB) that explains the extensive fatigue damage causing the mooring chains of the off-loading buoy to fail. A previous paper [4] presented experimental results of applying inter-link rotation to a pre-tensioned chain. Various pretension levels were used, with instrumentation to extract link angles and chain link stresses. In this paper, the physics of the OPB mechanism is examined through finite element models of the 124mm chain link tests. The various modes of interlink rotation are examined. The proof loading procedure that the chain undergoes at manufacture is identified as a likely cause for creating a tightly mated surface that is conducive to activating the OPB mechanism. To comply with Single Buoy Moorings (SBM) requirements addressing publication of internal research, many of the graphs included in this paper have had the stress values removed from the y-axis. However, with SBM’s management approval, some numerical references to stress amplitudes remain in the text. Overall, this limitation does not detract from the study, trends are evident and relevant comparisons can be made.
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Tiku, Sanjay, and Michael Pecht. "Auditing the Reliability Capability of Electronics Manufacturers." In ASME 2003 International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference and Exhibition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2003-35359.
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The globalisation of supply chains has made electronics manufacturers dependent upon worldwide suppliers who provide them with parts or subassemblies. Currently, many manufacturers have to wait until they get the products to assess if they are reliable. This can be an expensive iterative process. As an alternative, it is necessary to define what key processes should comprise the product and process development efforts of suppliers to assure customers that they can supply reliable products. Identification of these key processes can help manufacturers to assess their potential suppliers and/or suppliers to assess themselves. This paper presents a set of key processes and practices that can be used as benchmarks to assess whether an organization has the ability to design, develop and manufacture reliable electronic products. It defines this ability as the reliability capability of an organization.
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Ridge, Isabel, Philip Smedley, and Roger Hobbs. "Effects of Twist on Chain Strength and Fatigue Performance: Small Scale Test Results." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49206.
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Mooring chain can twist in response to torque generated in the adjacent elements of a mooring, or even be inadvertently installed in a twisted condition. This paper explores the effect of initial twist on the static strength and fatigue life of studless chain. It reports test results for 16mm studless chain (with similar proportions as the much larger chains now employed in hydrocarbon production vessels) with known levels of initial twist subject to axial tensile loading. Twist levels of up to 24° per link were examined. The results were generally better than had been expected. There was little scatter in the results, giving confidence in the test procedures. The effect of initial twist on static strength was modest, with a maximum strength loss of about 4% at 18° twist per link. The effects of initial twist on fatigue life were also small. Indeed, some twist seemed to improve fatigue performance, perhaps because the contact between links was displaced from the region of high residual (compressive and tensile) stress resulting from proof loading during manufacture. While the results of these small scale tests suggest that twist levels up to 24° per link were not detrimental, other practical reasons remain for continuing to minimize twist in mooring chain. Furthermore, caution should be applied in extrapolating these results to predict the effect of twist in full scale offshore mooring chains.
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Klocke, Fritz, Martin Seimann, Marvin Binder, and Benjamin Doebbeler. "Assessment of Different Technology Chains for Fir Tree Manufacturing: A Case Study." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-75190.
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Multiple technology chains are able to manufacture fir tree slots for the mounting of turbine blades including broaching, milling, non-conventional machining strategies and combinations of the named technologies. The advantageousness of the possible technology chains depends on many boundary conditions such as the capacity, the floor space, scheduled delivery, material, shape of the fir tree slots and many more. Within this paper different technology chains are assessed considering productivity and costs under the assumptions of different scenarios. The manufacturing technologies as well as their interdependencies have been investigated within a project providing technological boundary conditions for the assessment like tool lifes and required manufacturing times. The data was combined with organizational and financial data from a manufacturing OEM to enable a proper and holistic assessment. The technologies include broaching with HSS and cemented carbide as well as milling with ceramic and cemented carbide. The scenarios include different assumptions regarding the slot shape and size, the capacity and the demand for discs as well as a comparison of a brown field and green field approach. Based on the results, key parameters are deducted affecting the advantage of the considered technologies. For reasons of confidentiality, the results are obtained in a relative manner.
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Linke, Barbara, Destiny Garcia, Gurpreet Kaur, and Farhad Ghadamli. "Sustainable Process Planning for Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing Unit Processes." In ASME 2016 11th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2016-8517.
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Sustainability in manufacturing implies regarding economic, environmental and social aspects and is of increasing concern to companies and consumers. Traditionally, process planning decisions were mainly based on costs and quality. This paper shows a method to compare different process chains in terms of sustainability indicators. It proposes to include non-value adding steps such as quality control or transport. The method is explained with a case study, where students design, plan, manufacture, and test models for water table experiments. Common additive and subtractive manufacturing processes are applied.
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Kafara, Markus, Hans-Henrik Westermann, Eva Eisinger, and Rolf Steinhilper. "Development of a Reference Part for the Evaluation of Economic and Ecological Impact of Future Process Chains in Mold Core Making." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59200.
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Driven by the high importance of resource efficiency the importance of lightweight construction rises across all industries. Due to their high lightweight construction potential, carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) are increasingly applied. But CFRP manufacturing often is an expensive small-scale production where it is necessary to use removable mold cores to manufacture hollow parts. To improve the complex process of mold core making future process chains including additive manufacturing (i.e. 3D-printing) can be used. This paper provides a proposal for a hollow CFRP reference part based on facts taken directly from the field of application. The reference part will allow the evaluation of economic and ecological impact of process chains in mold core making for the CFRP production. Therefore, representative parts from different industry sectors were selected and analytically examined regarding their geometrical features. Based on a scientific recomposition of these features the reference part was developed.
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Kandukuri, Sastry Yagnanna, and Ole-Bjørn Ellingsen Moe. "Quality Assurance Framework to Enable Additive Manufacturing Based Digital Warehousing for Oil and Gas Industry." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31261-ms.
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Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) makes it possible to produce parts on demand, close to operations, with significantly reduced lead times compared to conventional manufacturing. However, without standardization or guidelines, additively manufactured parts could raise the risk of unexpected or premature failures due to inherent variation of mechanical and metallurgical properties associated with this new technology. This is especially true when the reduced lead time is the desired advantage, where speed may be prioritized over quality. A standardised framework is proposed to free up value locked in physical warehouse inventory and reduce inventory management cost through digital warehousing in a safe and cost-efficient way. Through a joint industry project, with participating companies throughout the entire AM value chain, we propose an assurance framework that answers questions such as: can the digital drawing be available when needed? Can the parts be made ‘first time’ right when needed? Can it be made with the same quality at another location next time? Which party is responsible for the different stages? What requirements should be in place for the companies who wish to manufacture on demand? The digital warehouse assurance framework discussed in this work demonstrates that digital warehousing powered by AM could potentially shorten lead times for sourcing parts and reduce the need for costly storage, maintenance and coordination of spare parts that are rarely used. We also discuss the different variants of digital warehousing we may see, and the roles and responsibilities various digital warehouse stakeholders have for facilitating unambiguous communication. AM is already disrupting supply chains in many other industries, but it is in its infancy in the oil & gas, offshore and maritime sectors as they ponder challenges with intellectual property (IP) and usage rights for original equipment manufacturers (OEM) designs, standardization of technology interfaces and the lack of knowledge and trust of the technology. The digital warehouse quality assurance framework proposed and discussed in this work is unique and has potential to not only accelerate adoption of AM in oil & gas and offshore sectors, but also contribute to a significant reduction of emissions, including greenhouse gases.
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Hammonds, James S., Kimani A. Stancil, and Olalekan S. Adewuyi. "Selective Infrared Energy Harvesting by Nanoparticle Dispersions in Solar Thermal Desalination Systems." In ASME 2020 14th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2020-1654.
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Abstract A significant portion of the infrared solar spectrum is either unused, or wasted by inefficient solar energy conversion. In this paper, we show that infrared light harvesting can also be accomplished by dispersions of polar nanoparticles. Polar nanoparticle dispersions in a selective absorber may result in Solar Thermal Desalination (STD) systems that aim to maximize the solar-to-heat conversion efficiency by managing the thermal radiative and conduction losses. In noting that irregular dispersions of polar nanoparticles are less costly than regularly spaced nanostructures to manufacture at large scales, we describe the solar absorptivity as a function of a nanoparticle chain model determined emissivity and thermal conductance. The near-field interactions between nanoparticles are explained by modeling the nanoparticles as dispersed electromagnetic dipole oscillations that interact with solar light. An FDTD model of polar nanodispersions near an optical cavity is used to demonstrate infrared harvesting. With this model, we show that the infrared light-harvesting mechanisms of silica nanoparticles involve local and propagating surface phonon polaritons and varying the volume fraction changes radiation transport properties by several orders of magnitude. In discussing STD systems, we demonstrate a potential to use nanoparticle chains to create novel selective absorbers with tunable solar absorptivity.
Reports on the topic "Manufacture of chains"
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Bennur, Shubhapriya J. Sustainability Practices through Supply Chain Assessment: A case study of India's largest Denim Manufacturer Arvind Mills. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1850.
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Führ, Martin, Julian Schenten, and Silke Kleihauer. Integrating "Green Chemistry" into the Regulatory Framework of European Chemicals Policy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627727.
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20 years ago a concept of “Green Chemistry” was formulated by Paul Anastas and John Warner, aiming at an ambitious agenda to “green” chemical products and processes. Today the concept, laid down in a set of 12 principles, has found support in various arenas. This diffusion was supported by enhancements of the legislative framework; not only in the European Union. Nevertheless industry actors – whilst generally supporting the idea – still see “cost and perception remain barriers to green chemistry uptake”. Thus, the questions arise how additional incentives as well as measures to address the barriers and impediments can be provided. An analysis addressing these questions has to take into account the institutional context for the relevant actors involved in the issue. And it has to reflect the problem perception of the different stakeholders. The supply chain into which the chemicals are distributed are of pivotal importance since they create the demand pull for chemicals designed in accordance with the “Green Chemistry Principles”. Consequently, the scope of this study includes all stages in a chemical’s life-cycle, including the process of designing and producing the final products to which chemical substances contribute. For each stage the most relevant legislative acts, together establishing the regulatory framework of the “chemicals policy” in the EU are analysed. In a nutshell the main elements of the study can be summarized as follows: Green Chemistry (GC) is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Besides, reaction efficiency, including energy efficiency, and the use of renewable resources are other motives of Green Chemistry. Putting the GC concept in a broader market context, however, it can only prevail if in the perception of the relevant actors it is linked to tangible business cases. Therefore, the study analyses the product context in which chemistry is to be applied, as well as the substance’s entire life-cycle – in other words, the six stages in product innovation processes): 1. Substance design, 2. Production process, 3. Interaction in the supply chain, 4. Product design, 5. Use phase and 6. After use phase of the product (towards a “circular economy”). The report presents an overview to what extent the existing framework, i.e. legislation and the wider institutional context along the six stages, is setting incentives for actors to adequately address problematic substances and their potential impacts, including the learning processes intended to invoke creativity of various actors to solve challenges posed by these substances. In this respect, measured against the GC and Learning Process assessment criteria, the study identified shortcomings (“delta”) at each stage of product innovation. Some criteria are covered by the regulatory framework and to a relevant extent implemented by the actors. With respect to those criteria, there is thus no priority need for further action. Other criteria are only to a certain degree covered by the regulatory framework, due to various and often interlinked reasons. For those criteria, entry points for options to strengthen or further nuance coverage of the respective principle already exist. Most relevant are the deltas with regard to those instruments that influence the design phase; both for the chemical substance as such and for the end-product containing the substance. Due to the multi-tier supply chains, provisions fostering information, communication and cooperation of the various actors are crucial to underpin the learning processes towards the GCP. The policy options aim to tackle these shortcomings in the context of the respective stage in order to support those actors who are willing to change their attitude and their business decisions towards GC. The findings are in general coherence with the strategies to foster GC identified by the Green Chemistry & Commerce Council.
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Winkler-Portmann, Simon. Umsetzung einer wirksamen Compliance in globalen Lieferketten am Beispiel der Anforderungen aus der europäischen Chemikalien-Regulierung an die Automobilindustrie. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627796.
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This publication based on a master thesis explores the challenges of the automotive industry regarding the European chemical regulations REACH and CLP, as well as potential improvements of the current compliance activities and the related incentives and barriers. It answers the research question: "To what extent should the compliance activities of actors in the automotive supply chain be extended in order to meet the requirements of European chemicals regulation; and where would it help to strengthen incentives in enforcement and the legal framework?“. The study’s structure is based on the transdisciplinary delta analysis of the Society for Institutional Analysis at the Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. It compares the target state of the legal requirements and the requirements for corresponding compliance with the actual state of the actual compliance measures of the automotive players and attempts to identify their weak points (the delta). The main sources for the analysis are the legal texts and relevant court decisions as well as guideline-based expert interviews with automotive players based on Gläser & Laudel. As objects of the analysis, there are in addition answers to random enquiries according to Article 33 (2) REACH as well as the recommendations and guidelines of the industry associations. The analysis identifies the transmission of material information in the supply chain as a key problem. The global database system used for this purpose, the IMDS, shows gaps in the framework conditions. This results in compliance risk due to the dynamically developing regulation. In addition, the study identifies an incompliance of the investigated automobile manufacturers with regard to Art. 33 REACH. In answering the research question, the study recommends solutions to the automotive players that extend the current compliance activities. In addition, it offers tables and process flow diagrams, which structure the duties and required compliance measures and may serve as basic audit criteria. The analysis is carried out from an external perspective and looks at the entire industry. It therefore cannot cover all the individual peculiarities of each automotive player. As a result, the identified gaps serve only as indications for possible further compliance risks.
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Roye, Thorsten. Unsettled Technology Areas in Deterministic Assembly Approaches for Industry 4.0. SAE International, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021018.
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Increased production rates and cost reduction are affecting manufacturing in all sectors of the mobility industry. One enabling methodology that could achieve these goals in the burgeoning “Industry 4.0” environment is the deterministic assembly (DA) approach. The DA approach is defined as an optimized assembly process; it always forms the same final structure and has a strong link to design-for-assembly and design-for-automation methodologies. It also looks at the whole supply chain, enabling drastic savings at the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) level by reducing recurring costs and lead time. Within Industry 4.0, DA will be required mainly for the aerospace and the space industry, but serves as an interesting approach for other industries assembling large and/or complex components. In its entirety, the DA approach connects an entire supply chain—from part manufacturing at an elementary level to an OEM’s final assembly line level. Addressing the whole process of aircraft design and manufacturing is necessary to develop further collaboration models between OEMs and the supply chain, including addressing the most pressing technology challenges. Since all parts aggregate at the OEM level, the OEM—as an integrator of all these single parts—needs special end-to-end methodologies to drastically decrease cost and lead time. This holistic approach can be considered in part design as well (in the design-for-automation and design-for-assembly philosophy). This allows for quicker assembly at the OEM level, such as “part-to-part” or “hole-to-hole” approaches, versus traditional, classical assembly methods like manual measurement or measurement-assisted assembly. In addition, it can increase flexibility regarding rate changes in production (such as those due to pandemic- or climate-related environmental challenges). The standardization and harmonization of these areas would help all industries and designers to have a deterministic approach with an end-to-end concept. Simulations can easily compare possible production and assembly steps with different impacts on local and global tolerances. Global measurement feedback needs high-accuracy turnkey solutions, which are very costly and inflexible. The goal of standardization would be to use Industry 4.0 feedback and features, as well as to define several building blocks of the DA approach as a one-way assembly (also known as one-up assembly, or “OUA”), false one-way assembly, “Jig-as-Master,” etc., up to the hole-to-hole assembly approach. The evolution of these assembly principles and the link to simulation approaches are undefined and unsolved domains; they are discussed in this report. They must be discussed in greater depth with aims of (first) clarifying the scope of the industry-wide alignment needs and (second) prioritizing the issues requiring standardization. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.