To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Manufacture of chains.
Journal articles on the topic 'Manufacture of chains'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Manufacture of chains.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Brooks, Chester K. "THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST STEEL CHAINS.*." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 30, no. 4 (March 18, 2009): 852–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1918.tb01110.x.
Full text
2
Chen, Chien I., Huan Ming Chuang, and Kuo En Huang. "The Relationship among Manufacture Procedure, Manufacture Result and Customers Loyalty in Supply Chains." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 4434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.4434.
Full textAbstract:
The present study examines the relationships between manufacture procedures, manufacture results and customers loyalty. And investigates key drivers that establish maintain customers loyalty. The survey instrument the form of a questionnaire to the function managers of manufacturing firms in Taiwan. These firms are listed in the Business Weekly (Taiwans leading business magazine) as the top manufacturing firms of 2013. There is analysis of confirmatory factor in 410 questionnaires were conducted. LISREL with structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test and analyze the hypothesized relationships of the research model. This study empirically demonstrates the importance of the Manufacture procedure and Manufacture Results dimensions of manufacture quality on Customers Loyalty behavior. Both Manufacture Procedure and Manufacture Results quality are important determinants of Customers Loyalty.
3
Rupp, T. M., and M. Ristic. "Fine planning for supply chains in semiconductor manufacture." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 107, no. 1-3 (November 2000): 390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(00)00724-x.
Full text
4
Swierczek, Artur, and Danuta Kisperska-Moron. "The role and attributes of manufacturing companies in virtual supply chains." International Journal of Logistics Management 27, no. 2 (August 8, 2016): 511–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-12-2013-0162.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the role and main attributes of manufacturing companies which operate in virtual supply chains. Design/methodology/approach – In order to identify the role and main attributes of manufacturing companies enabling to operate in a virtual supply chain, a three-step statistical analysis was employed, namely exploratory factor analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and non-hierarchical clustering technique. Findings – The findings show that virtual supply chain operations would not be supported by manufacturing companies offering highly customized products achieved by a unit production, developed in details and engineered to order. On the contrary, the large manufacturing companies of virtual supply chains report a high level of flexibility stemming from a wide scope of more standardized products offered to the market. The conducted study show that better ability of manufacturers supporting virtual supply chains is not industry specific. Research limitations/implications – The list of investigated attributes is not complete, and other characteristics of manufacturers in virtual supply chains should be identified. Another important shortcoming of the study is its quantitative character and generalization of the findings. Each “virtual” environment in supply chains may be unique and some of the compared characteristics may differ significantly. Therefore, the aforementioned attributes should be considered separately with a conscious focus on the environmental context. The quantitative study may be greatly enhanced by applying the case study approach, showing detailed solutions and practices, and thus making the study more valuable from the theoretical and managerial standpoints. Practical implications – The conducted study showed that better ability of manufacturers to support virtual supply chains is not industry specific, since the branch of electronic products and electrical equipment and components was represented by an equal share of manufacturers, both in non-virtual and virtual clusters. Furthermore, in order to operate in virtual supply chains, managers should pay attention to the structure and range of products delivered to the market. The managers should also be aware that apart from considering cost and efficiency, operating in a virtual supply chain environment also requires quality of products and processes in order to manufacture and deliver a superior value for the customers. Originality/value – Having recognized major groups of indicators demonstrating the level of ability of manufacturing companies to operate in a virtual supply chain, the attributes of three clusters of manufacturers possessing different bunch of features, significant for virtual supply chains, have been distinguished.
5
Jarvis, Michael C. "Structure of native cellulose microfibrils, the starting point for nanocellulose manufacture." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2112 (December 25, 2017): 20170045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0045.
Full textAbstract:
There is an emerging consensus that higher plants synthesize cellulose microfibrils that initially comprise 18 chains. However, the mean number of chains per microfibrilin situis usually greater than 18, sometimes much greater. Microfibrils from woody tissues of conifers, grasses and dicotyledonous plants, and from organs like cotton hairs, all differ in detailed structure and mean diameter. Diameters increase further when aggregated microfibrils are isolated. Because surface chains differ, the tensile properties of the cellulose may be augmented by increasing microfibril diameter. Association of microfibrils with anionic polysaccharides in primary cell walls and mucilages leads toin vivomechanisms of disaggregation that may be relevant to the preparation of nanofibrillar cellulose products. For the preparation of nanocrystalline celluloses, the key issue is the nature and axial spacing of disordered domains at which axial scission can be initiated. These disordered domains do not, as has often been suggested, take the form of large blocks occupying much of the length of the microfibril. They are more likely to be located at chain ends or at places where the microfibril has been mechanically damaged, but their structure and the reasons for their sensitivity to acid hydrolysis need better characterization.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘New horizons for cellulose nanotechnology’.
6
Jenkins, Gareth P., and Derek S. Wright. "Managing Inflexible Supply Chains." International Journal of Logistics Management 9, no. 2 (July 1, 1998): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09574099810805852.
Full textAbstract:
Logistics managers are faced with greater customer volatility, higher customer service expectations and pressure to reduce costs. If these conflicting pressures are to be reconciled, increased supply chain flexibility is vital. Enhanced flexibility is achieved through two types of changes to the supply chain: structural changes, including processes, physical resources and linkages/relationships; and, system changes, including how information is used and decisions taken. Structural changes include reducing lead‐times from suppliers, JIT manufacture, and holding stocks at customers' sites. System changes may include speeding information flow and deploying information technology to improve planning and control of the supply chain.
7
Aarabi, Majid, Muhamad Zameri Mat Saman, and Kuan Yew Wong. "The Use of Multi-Agent Systems in Managing Sustainable Supply Chain." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.108.
Full textAbstract:
The main purposes and challenges in supply chain management are reducing cost and time. Significantly, factors such as the competition of markets in the globe, limitation of energy, raw and virgin materials, environmental protection crisis and increasing of global population dramatically are causing unprecedented issues for the worldwide supply chains for providing goods and services to customers efficiently and effectively. The sustainability approach for Supply Chain Management (SCM) considers the 6Rs principles in four main stages of the supply chains: Pre-manufacture, Manufacture, Use and Post-use. The use of Multi-Agent System (MAS) prepares the most important requirements of an effective sustainable supply chain. At the same time, this agent-based approach provides reliable and agile systems, which will enable enterprises to accommodate ever changing needs of their customers in the future. In this article, the use of MAS for optimal Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) is reviewed and the integrated functioning of certain agents resulting in information sharing is also demonstrated. With this idea, an attempt is made to provide a MAS model for the SSCM. In the proposed model, each agent performs a specific function of the organization and shares information with other agents. In order to describe this multi-agent based approach, a simple case study is given to illustrate the sustainable supply chain operations.
8
Klocke, F., R. Schmitt, M. Zeis, L. Heidemanns, J. Kerkhoff, D. Heinen, and A. Klink. "Technological and Economical Assessment of Alternative Process Chains for Blisk Manufacture." Procedia CIRP 35 (2015): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2015.08.052.
Full text
9
Castillo, Joel A., Jorge Flores-Troncoso, Rigoberto Jáuregui, Jorge Simón, and José L. Alvarez-Flores. "Signal Conditioning Stage in S-Band Communication Subsystem for CubeSat Applications." Electronics 10, no. 14 (July 7, 2021): 1627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10141627.
Full textAbstract:
This work presents the design, performance evaluation, manufacture, and characterization of an RF front-end signal conditioning chain on a substrate that achieves the best performance at S-band frequencies and complies with the dimensions of the international standard for CubeSat-type nanosatellites. In this development, the signal conditioning chains were carried out on the high-frequency substrates RO4350B, CuClad 250, and RT/duroid 5880, considering scattering parameters in a small-signal regime. Concerning the power output, after the filtering and amplifying stages, the conditioning chain delivered 2 watts at 2.25 GHz. Moreover, up to 40 dB gain was achieved, and a good impedance matching at −20 dB for both input and output ports was observed. The numerical simulations and experimental results showed that an RO4350B substrate allows the smallest design dimensions, and these comply with the dimensions of the CubeSat standard. The manufactured RF front-end signal conditioning chain on RO4350B requires an area of 95 mm2, and it is ready to be used in a proof-of-concept space mission in a CubeSat.
10
Dimitrov, D., W. van Wijck, N. de Beer, and J. Dietrich. "Development, evaluation, and selection of rapid tooling process chains for sand casting of functional prototypes." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 221, no. 9 (September 1, 2007): 1441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544054jem728.
Full textAbstract:
This paper discusses the results obtained from studies on different rapid tooling process chains for improved design and manufacture of foundry equipment for sand casting of prototypes in final material for functional and pre-production tests of vehicles, using the three-dimensional printing process as core technology. Subsequently, while considering aspects such as time, cost, quality (accuracy and surface roughness), and tool life, a framework for evaluation and selection of the most suitable process chain in accordance to specific requirements is presented. Apart from only using these process chains for prototype manufacturing, initial results from a study to apply one of these process chains in automated sand casting full production is also presented. This research builds on an in-depth characterization of the accuracy and repeatability of a three-dimensional printing process.
11
Abolfathi, E., G. F. Modlen, P. J. Webster, and G. Mills. "The Effect of the Manufacturing Test Load on the Fatigue of Hoist Chains." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 209, no. 2 (February 1995): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1995_209_065_02.
Full textAbstract:
The residual stresses, introduced into high-tensile steel chains during their manufacture as the result of the application of a manufacturing test load, have been determined by the neutron diffraction technique. The results are consistent with finite element calculations and with the effects of the manufacturing test load on the fatigue properties of the chains.
12
Радіонова, Наталія Йосипівна. "МЕРЕЖЕВИЙ ПІДХІД ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ЛАНЦЮГА СТВОРЕННЯ ВАРТОСТІ ПРОДУКЦІЇ ШВЕЙНОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Series: Economic sciences 133, no. 2 (August 19, 2019): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2413-0117.2019.2.7.
Full textAbstract:
Creating value chains for decades have been a common practice in the apparel industry with the aim to improve cost management. This approach involves building value chains in the sector of garment manufacturing as well as providing an opportunity analysis with regard to cost optimization for each link in the chain. Thus, cost optimization occurs through improving business processes within the enterprise. It is emphasized that the process of creating apparel value chains have traditionally been viewed locally, within a single company which has to consider market demand, carry out design and engineering works, deliver logistics support, manufacture, store and sell its products. However, in modern realia, value creation is greatly affected by garment manufacturers’ contractors, their partnership being the heart of building value into products. It is argued that the apparel product value, apart from clothing companies, is created by different legal entities, i.e. suppliers, outsourcers, external consultants and others. In turn, partner companies create their own value chains which closely resonate with apparel value chains. In addition, given the apparel industry dependence upon seasonal sales, fashion trends and other factors, the garment companies have to obtain information on consumers’ preferences. It has been proven that value creation is strongly influenced by the company relationships with their partners. With this in mind, it is proposed to apply a network approach to apparel value chains which is able to harmonize the interests of all stakeholders. The suggested model of the network approach assumes vertical integration with main suppliers, outsourcing of design and engineering services and gaining information from distributors who deal with end customers. This approach will contribute to cost optimization of garment manufacturing along with enhancing the product competitiveness.
13
Sahu, Kaminee, and Anoop Kumar Sahu. "Performance Measurement of Medicines Delivery of Pharmaceutical Companies Under Chain of Sustainable Procurement." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 10, no. 3 (July 2019): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2019070108.
Full textAbstract:
Pharmaceuticals companies manufacture and maintain the stocks of several medicines. Presently, hospitals maintain stock to supply the appropriate medicine to patients under their care. The availability of medicines is dependent on the service level of suppliers. In last decade, the pharmaceutical supply chains have been an increasingly important topic. Pharmaceutical supply chains of the medicine manufacturing firm are based on traditional supply chain strategies. But, the concept became obsolete, replaced by modern supply chain strategy. The modern supply chain better analyzes pharmaceutical architectures such as green, service, agile, resilient, flexible manufacturing and is called the pharmaceutical G-F-A-L-R supply chain. To evolve a new model for the pharmaceutical supply chain, a 2nd second level pharmaceutical hierarchy G-F-A-L-R supply chain module structure has been constructed, where a Fuzzy Performance Index model has been applied on the module to compute the overall performance of individual pharmaceutical companies.
14
Klink, A., M. Hlavac, T. Herrig, and M. Holsten. "Technological and Economical Assessment of Alternative Process Chains for Turbocharger Impeller Manufacture." Procedia CIRP 77 (2018): 586–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2018.08.212.
Full text
15
Nurdiati, Rizki Putri, Rina Oktaviani, and Sahara Sahara. "PERAN INDONESIA DALAM RANTAI NILAI GLOBAL PRODUK ELEKTRONIK." JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN 4, no. 1 (February 4, 2018): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jekp.4.1.49-70.
Full textAbstract:
Globalization has transformed the structure of industry into global integration of socalled global value chains (GVCs). Some literatures suggest that electronic industry is known as a successful industry in establishing global value chain. Electronic industry is one of leading cluster in driving economic growth in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the role of Indonesia in electronic global value chain according to its share towards global electronic industry, linkages, and value added distribution. An input output analysis by using the Asian International Input Output Table 2005 was employed to analyze the share of each country in electronic global value chain, inter-sector linkages, value added, also output and income multiplier. The result showed that Indonesia had low participation in electronic global value chain. Indonesia’s output share was the lowest among all countries which resulted in low valueadded acquisition. Indonesia played the role as the input user from the various sectors. It is suggested that Indonesia electronic manufacture sector should be integrated with the input supplier sectors. Electronic computing equipment sector can be the main priority in enhancing Indonesia electronic manufacture sector since it has the biggest effect to economic growth. Keywords: electronic, global value chain, Indonesia, input output analysis
16
Nurdiati, Rizki Putri, Rina Oktaviani, and Sahara Sahara. "PERAN INDONESIA DALAM RANTAI NILAI GLOBAL PRODUK ELEKTRONIK." JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN 4, no. 1 (February 4, 2018): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jekp.4.1.2015.49-70.
Full textAbstract:
Globalization has transformed the structure of industry into global integration of socalled global value chains (GVCs). Some literatures suggest that electronic industry is known as a successful industry in establishing global value chain. Electronic industry is one of leading cluster in driving economic growth in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the role of Indonesia in electronic global value chain according to its share towards global electronic industry, linkages, and value added distribution. An input output analysis by using the Asian International Input Output Table 2005 was employed to analyze the share of each country in electronic global value chain, inter-sector linkages, value added, also output and income multiplier. The result showed that Indonesia had low participation in electronic global value chain. Indonesia’s output share was the lowest among all countries which resulted in low valueadded acquisition. Indonesia played the role as the input user from the various sectors. It is suggested that Indonesia electronic manufacture sector should be integrated with the input supplier sectors. Electronic computing equipment sector can be the main priority in enhancing Indonesia electronic manufacture sector since it has the biggest effect to economic growth. Keywords: electronic, global value chain, Indonesia, input output analysis
17
Lin, Xiao, and Wei Long Gao. "Research on RFID Application in the Food Supply Chain." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 1567–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.1567.
Full textAbstract:
With the development of the information technology, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has become a hot topic in the fields of manufacturing and logistics. Meanwhile, food security becomes a worldwide problem. Food hazards can appear at any stage of global food supply chains, making it essential to define critical control points to capture the data about ingredients, manufacture and dates-certain, and provide it in a transparent manner to supply chain participants and consumers. In this article, I will analyze the current food supply chain situation and promote the literature review of RFID application in the food supply chain. And then the article will explore the questions and future research on RFID application in the food supply chain.
18
Mayer, José Anselmo, Miriam Borchardt, and Giancarlo Medeiros Pereira. "Methodology for the collaboration in supply chains with a focus on continuous improvement." Ingeniería e Investigación 36, no. 2 (August 24, 2016): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v36n2.46341.
Full textAbstract:
A collaborative relationship between companies in a supply chain makes it possible to improve both the performance and the results of the companies and of the supply chain. Several studies have analyzed supply chains, but few studies have proposed the application of tools for continuous improvement in a collaborative manner within the supply chain. The objective of this work is to present a methodology for the collaboration in a supply chain with a focus on continuous improvement. Three case studies were conducted with Brazilian multinational focal companies that manufacture technology-based products. It was seen that relationships, trust, the exchange of information, and the sharing of gains and risks sustains collaborative practices focused on continuous improvement. The proposed methodology considers the need for supplier development, for the monitoring of the supplies, and for the development of a partnership for problem solving through the application of tools for continuous improvement.
19
Holmström, Jan, and Jouni Partanen. "Digital manufacturing-driven transformations of service supply chains for complex products." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 19, no. 4 (June 3, 2014): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-10-2013-0387.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the forms that combinations of digital manufacturing, logistics and equipment use are likely to take and how these novel combinations may affect the relationship among logistics service providers (LSPs), users and manufacturers of equipment. Design/methodology/approach – Brian Arthur’s theory of combinatorial technological evolution is applied to examine possible digital manufacturing-driven transformations. The F-18 Super Hornet is used as an illustrative example of a service supply chain for a complex product. Findings – The introduction of digital manufacturing will likely result in hybrid solutions, combining conventional logistics, digital manufacturing and user operations. Direct benefits can be identified in the forms of life cycle extension and the increased availability of parts in challenging locations. Furthermore, there are also opportunities for both equipment manufacturers and LSPs to adopt new roles, thereby supporting the efficient and sustainable use of digital manufacturing. Research limitations/implications – The phenomenon of digital manufacturing-driven transformations of service supply chains for complex product does not yet fully exist in the real world, and its study requires cross-disciplinary collaboration. Thus, the implication for research is to use a design science approach for early-stage explorative research on the form and function of novel combinations. Practical implications – Digital manufacturing as a general-purpose technology gives LSPs an opportunity to consolidate demand from initial users and incrementally deploy capacity closer to new users. Reengineering the products that a manufacture currently uses is needed to increase the utilization of digital manufacturing. Originality/value – The authors outline a typology of digital manufacturing-driven transformations and identify propositions to be explored in further research and practice.
20
Dyatkin, Boris, and Y. Shirley Meng. "COVID-19 disrupts battery materials and manufacture supply chains, but outlook remains strong." MRS Bulletin 45, no. 9 (September 2020): 700–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2020.239.
Full text
21
Kundu, Soumita, and Tripti Chakrabarti. "Joint optimal decisions on pricing and warranty policy of duopoly supply chain with one common retailer." Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 30, no. 2 (2020): 209–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor180615007k.
Full textAbstract:
Early researches related to the interaction between manufactures for complementary products, mainly considered price as only the dimension of competition. With the increasing competition in capturing the market share, manufactures cannot compete by only lowering prices. In this paper, we assume that besides the price, the manufactures choose warranty as the competitive strategy of two different but substitutable products in a duopoly supply chain with one common retailer. Furthermore, two cases are considered (i) only one manufacturer adopts warranty policy as a competitive strategy against the other, (ii) both manufacturers offer warranty on their product, to study under which situation offering a warranty becomes more profitable for a manufacturer while the other competitive manufacturer has already adopted warranty policy. The profit functions of the manufacturers and the retailer are then maximized under manufacturers' cooperative and non-cooperative strategies. We then compare the scenarios under different decision strategies numerically, which gives some insights on changes of key parameters to help the decision makers to capture the market.
22
Liu, Sheng Chun, and Ben Gang Gong. "Research on Manufacture Enterprises’ Logistics Costing Account and Control Based on ABC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 278-280 (January 2013): 2218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.2218.
Full textAbstract:
Activity-Based Costing can identify and remove the invalid cost of the logistics process, and the implementation of the entire logistics process optimization, this method has become the enterprise logistics and control of important tool for cost accounting. With the increasingly fierce market competition, competition between enterprises is not only internal competition but also between supply chains competition. This paper analyzes the influence factor in supplier selection and the supplier selection and evaluation index system; use the AHP to evaluate the suppliers.
23
Liski, Jari, Ari Pussinen, Kim Pingoud, Raisa Mäkipää, and Timo Karjalainen. "Which rotation length is favourable to carbon sequestration?" Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 11 (November 1, 2001): 2004–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-140.
Full textAbstract:
Regulating the rotation length of tree stands is an effective way to manage the carbon budget of forests. We analyzed, using models, how a 30-year change in rotation length from the recommended 90 years would change the carbon and energy budgets of typical wood-production and wood-use chains in Finland. Shortening the rotation length towards the culmination age of mean annual increment decreased the carbon stock of trees but increased the carbon stock of soil, because the production of litter and harvest residues increased. Changes in the carbon stock of wood products varied with tree species depending on volumes and timber sorts harvested, manufacturing processes and products manufactured. The Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) chain stored the largest total amount of carbon when applying the longest rotation length and the Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) chain, when applying the shortest rotation length. Fossil carbon emissions and energy use in harvesting and manufacture increased when the rotation length was shortened and pulpwood harvests increased, especially in the spruce chain. We concluded that longer rotation length at the sites of both tree species would be favourable to carbon sequestration. The costs of this would be decreased timber harvests and decreased revenues of landowners. Our results demonstrate the importance of accounting for the whole wood-production and wood-use chain, including fossil carbon emissions, when analysing the effects of rotation length on forest carbon sequestration.
24
Lou, Zhenkai, Xuming Lou, and Xiaozhen Dai. "Game-Theoretic Models of Green Products in a Two-Echelon Dual-Channel Supply Chain under Government Subsidies." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (May 28, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2425401.
Full textAbstract:
This paper deals with issues concerning green subsidies of government and optimal decisions of a manufacture and dual-channel retailers in a two-echelon dual-channel supply chain. Both a decentralized supply chain and a centralized supply chain are considered. Sufficient and necessary conditions for guaranteeing that the two supply chains run normally under government subsidies are proposed. For the decentralized supply chain, a three-layer model is constructed according to different priorities of the four participants. Both Bertrand game and Stackelberg game are involved. For the centralized supply chain, a two-layer model is given. Decision models of the government under a financial budget are developed for maximizing the green degree of each case. It is shown that the green degree of the product of the centralized supply chain is always higher than that of the decentralized supply chain. Meanwhile, the total profit of the centralized supply is also higher. Finally, a numerical illustration is presented to visualize the discussed models and make some supplements.
25
Merklein, Marion, and Uwe Vogt. "Application of Tailored Heat Treated Blanks under Quasi Series Conditions." Key Engineering Materials 344 (July 2007): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.344.383.
Full textAbstract:
Tailored Heat Treated Blanks (THTB) are blanks that exhibit locally different strength specifically optimized for the succeeding forming process. The strength distribution is set by a local, short-term heat treatment modifying the mechanical properties of the material. Hence, THTB allow enhancing forming limits significantly leading to shorter and more robust manufacture process chains. In order to qualify the use of THTB under quasi series conditions, the interdependencies of the blank’s local heat treatment and the entire process chain of the car body manufacture have to be analyzed. In this respect, the impact of a short-term heat treatment on the mechanical properties of AA6181PX, a commonly used aluminum alloy in today’s car bodies, was studied. Also the influence of a short-term heat treatment on the coil lubricant, usually already applied by the material supplier, was given a closer look. Based on these experiments process restrictions for the application of THTB in an industrial automotive environment were derived and a process window for the THTB design was set up. In conclusion, strategies were defined how to enhance the found process boundaries leading to a more robust process window.
26
Lian, Qi, and Su Ling Jia. "Research and Simulation of Supply Chain Disruption Based on Contract." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 4815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.4815.
Full textAbstract:
In order to research the long-term disruption influence on supply chain and the performance that contracts exert on supply chain when disruption happens, this paper constructs a VMI three-echelon supply chain model based on system dynamics. Through dynamic simulation of the model, the total inventory, total profit and market demand shortage data are respectively collected under conditions of no disruption, manufacture disruption and transport disruption. By descriptive statistical analysis of these data, we find the disruption has secular and hysteretic effect on the supply chain. Furthermore, T test is used to testify the contracts effectiveness on the supply chain under disruption conditions. These analytical results show that quantity discount contract and revenue sharing contract can effectively relieve the negative influence on the supply chain when disruptions happen, since they not only enhance the total profit but also stabilize the fluctuation of the supply chains total inventory, whereas the contracts do not perform well in satisfying the market demand shortage.
27
Isles, Mike. "What's in a Word? Falsified/Counterfeit/Fake Medicines - The Definitions Debate." Medicine Access @ Point of Care 1 (January 2017): maapoc.0000008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/maapoc.0000008.
Full textAbstract:
There is a rising tide of criminal activity to manufacture and distribute falsified, counterfeit, or fake medicines. The exact size of this problem is unknown but estimates vary from US$75 billion to US$200 billion per year, and evidence clearly demonstrates it is on the increase. Depending on the world region, infiltration into the legitimate supply chain versus the illegitimate (e.g., the internet) varies greatly. However, what is certain is that the direction of travel by regulatory agents is to develop supply chains that allow access to medicines via the World Wide Web. Within this context, there has been a long-running debate about how to correctly describe the various forms of medicines that are fraudulently or otherwise manufactured and distributed. This article attempts to describe the evolution of the definitions and recommends that a consensus be formed to describe such medicines that reach the public: • Falsified medicine: This being the term used and defined in the Falsified Medicines Directive and which is primarily concerned with public health. • Counterfeit medicine: This is closely associated and legally defined within intellectual property legislation and concentrates on trademark protection. • Fake medicine: This is the term that best serves to communicate with the public to raise awareness about the phenomenon.
28
Robert, Nicolas, Ragnar Jonsson, Rafał Chudy, and Andrea Camia. "The EU Bioeconomy: Supporting an Employment Shift Downstream in the Wood-Based Value Chains?" Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 21, 2020): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030758.
Full textAbstract:
Monitoring employment in the European wood-based bioeconomy requires reliable, consistent, and comparable statistics across subsectors and over time. Statistics concerning employment in wood-based industries—the main component of the forest-based bioeconomy—must be processed carefully to cope with differences in definitions and estimation methods. In addition, specific methods must be applied to estimate wood-based employment in sectors including also non-wood activities. In this study, we first delineate the boundaries of the wood-based bioeconomy, and then create a harmonised time series on employment for the identified sectors. Finally, we estimate the share of wood-based employment along the value chain in all sectors using wood. According to the results, forestry and extended wood-based value chains employed 4.5 million people in the EU-28 in 2018. Employment in wood-based value chains decreased between 2008 and 2013 in the aftermaths of the financial crisis. Continuously decreasing employment—most apparent in the manufacture of solid wood products and pulp and paper—results from increasing productivity and a decreasing demand for graphic paper. Further, most of the wood-based employment in the EU takes place in downstream parts of value chains, although the weight of the primary sector is still high in some Eastern European countries.
29
Aleshkin, N. A., A. A. Petrushevskaya, and I. R. Karpova. "METHODS OF IMPROVING EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCTION PROCESS OF ELECTRONICS MANUFACTURING USING DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURING CONCEPT." Issues of radio electronics, no. 1 (January 20, 2019): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2019-1-51-56.
Full textAbstract:
The article discusses the possibility applying the principles of the concept of industry 4.0 in the electronics manufacture with the introduction of Design for Manufacturing concept in an environment of computer mathematics MatLab with the efficiency increasing aim of the production process. Technological processes can be described in the form of mathematical models built with the use of Markov chains. On the basis of the developed model, the results effectiveness confirming with the use of graphs in the management technological operations are obtained. According to the launch results of each industrial batch, in deviation case from the specified limits, the non-conformity assessment will be carried out and corrective measures will be taken for the non-compliance. The method proposed in the article will make it possible to effectively use the resources available to the enterprise, excluding both the loss of continuity and control production process stability of electronics manufacturing, and the quality characteristics abnormal loss of the manufactured product.
30
Liu, Shi, and Xu. "Alliance Decision of Supply Chain Considering Product Greenness and Recycling Competition." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 4, 2019): 6900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11246900.
Full textAbstract:
In a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC), the right alliance can help manufacturers better manufacture green products and make more profits. Choosing the most suitable alliance partner is also critical for manufacturers. In regard to product greenness and recycling competition, this paper considers the CLSC comprised of a dominant manufacturer, a retailer, and a third-party recycler. Based on the Stackelberg game and equilibrium analysis, we discuss the optimal supply chain decision-making under four different models. Then, in order to ensure supply chain (SC) members’ enthusiasm to participate in the alliance, we design a profit distribution method to distribute the total profit to SC members. The results show that manufacturer’s optimal alliance decision is related to the degree of recycling competition. When less than the threshold, C alliance(the manufacturer make an alliance with the retailer and the third-party recycler at the same time) is optimal, otherwise, MR alliance(the manufacturer and the retailer make an alliance ) is more beneficial for the manufacturer.
31
Xiao, Y. H., Bin Liu, and Qing Hui Liu. "Research into the New Process and Machine for Auto-Bending of Mine-Used Tri-Ring Chains." Key Engineering Materials 392-394 (October 2008): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.392-394.387.
Full textAbstract:
Mine-used tri-ring chains have been bent by hand in some machine-mining enterprises. However, this type of process is old-fashioned. The labor intensity of operating workers is high and production efficiency is low. At the same time, the production quality is also unstable. This type of process has not adapted itself to the manufacture of the product. So, for the mine-used tri-ring chains, a novel and simple auto-bending ring machine has been designed. The machine has the advantage of a simple frame, convenient mould-removal, production efficiency, steady production quality, and so on. The machine can be used for medium and small manufacturing. The machine can also be adapted for auto-bending of tri-ring chains if it is equipped with a delivery device, heating device and the appropriate controlling circuit.
32
Klaus, Alexander, and Matthias Kleiner. "Research for a Flexible Production of Lightweight Space Frame Structures." Advanced Materials Research 10 (February 2006): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.10.1.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents the focus of research and the structure of the Collaborative Research Centre SFB/TR10 „Integration of Forming, Cutting, and Joining for the Flexible Production of Lightweight Structures” funded in 2003 by the German Research Foundation (DFG). Driven by the demands of low volume production. The aim of the Research Centre is to investigate the scientific basis and methods to design integrated process chains for the flexible manufacture of space frame structures.
33
Fauzi, Irsyad, Anisa Aprilia, and Heptari Elita Dewi. "SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE OF ORGANIC VEGETABLES (EVIDENCE ON SMES IN MALANG CITY)." Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian 5, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/agrisocionomics.v5i1.8649.
Full textAbstract:
The role of supply chain management strategies in the organic vegetable business is to createcompetitiveness by prioritizing fulfillment of consumer demand appropriately. One of the companiesengaged in the organic vegetable business in Malang City is Abang Sayur Organik (ABS) SMEs. Theorganic broccoli commodity is a superior product from ABS SMEs which continues supplied to retailand manufacture. Common problems that occur in the organic broccoli supply chain are fluctuations indemand and mismatches in the quality of products shipped. Measurement of supply chain performanceis needed to answer the existing problem. This study aims to describe the condition of supply chainmanagement and measure the performance of organic vegetable supply chains in ABS SMEs. The dataused are primary data obtained from questionnaires distributed to all ABS organic broccoli supply chainactors. Supply chain performance measurement uses the benchmark score method of Supply ChainOperation Reference (SCOR) performance indicators that include reliability, responsiveness, agility,costs, and assets with a value classification of parity, advantage, and superior. The results showed thatsupply chain actors involved were suppliers, distributors, manufacturers, retailers, and consumers.Measurement of Perfect Order Fulfillment performance indicators at the position of advantage at the supplier level and superior at the distributor level to retail. The value of Order Fulfillment Cycle Timeand flexibility are superior at each actor, while the value of inventory days of supply at the supplier,distributor and manufacturing level is at a position of advantage but at the retail level at a superiorposition. Cash To Cash Cycle Time value is superior position in each supply chain actor, but for theTotal Supply Chain Management Cost value in each organic broccoli supply chain actor is in a gap-parity position
34
Saha, Subrata, and Izabela Nielsen. "Strategic Integration Decision under Supply Chain Competition in the Presence of Online Channel." Symmetry 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13010058.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores the pricing decisions of substitutable products for two competing supply chains in the presence of an online channel. Each supply chain consisting of a single manufacturer and an exclusive retailer and one of the manufacturers distributes products through the online channel. We examine optimal decisions under five scenarios to explore how the strategic cooperation between two manufacturers at the upstream horizontal level or with the retailer at the vertical level affects product pricing decisions and the performance of two supply chains? The results reveal that decisions for cooperation with competing manufacturers and opening an online channel are correlated. In the absence of an online channel, cooperation with their respective retailer can lead to a higher supply chain profit. However, if a manufacturer opens an online channel, then cooperation with competing manufacturers can lead to a higher supply chain profit. Under the vertical integration, total supply chain profit might be lower compared to a scenario where members in each supply chain remain independent. Consumers also need to pay more for products.
35
Calaon, Matteo, Federico Baruffi, Gualtiero Fantoni, Ilenia Cirri, Marco Santochi, Hans Nørgaard Hansen, and Guido Tosello. "Functional Analysis Validation of Micro and Conventional Injection Molding Machines Performances Based on Process Precision and Accuracy for Micro Manufacturing." Micromachines 11, no. 12 (December 16, 2020): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11121115.
Full textAbstract:
Micro polymer parts can be usually manufactured either by conventional injection moulding (IM) or by micro-injection moulding (µIM). In this paper, functional analysis was used as a tool to investigate the performances of IM and µIM used to manufacture the selected industrial component. The methodology decomposed the production cycle phases of the two processes and attributed functions to parts features of the two investigated machines. The output of the analysis was aimed to determine casual chains leading to the final outcome of the process. Experimental validation of the functional analysis was carried out moulding the same micro medical part in thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) material using the two processes by means of multi-cavity moulds. The produced batches were assessed using a precision scale and a high accuracy optical instrument. The measurement results were compared using capability indexes. The data-driven comparison identified and quantified the correlations between machine design and part quality, demonstrating that the µIM machine technology better meets the accuracy and precision requirements typical of micro manufacturing productions.
36
Miemczyk, Joe, Mickey Howard, and Thomas E. Johnsen. "Dynamic development and execution of closed-loop supply chains: a natural resource-based view." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 21, no. 4 (June 13, 2016): 453–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-12-2014-0405.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose This paper aims to reflect on recent closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) practices using a natural resource-based view (NRBV) and dynamic capabilities (DC) perspective. Design/methodology/approach Two empirical case studies of CLSC exemplars are used to discuss the theoretical relevance of these views. Findings The paper shows how strategic resources help companies in two sectors achieve successful CLSC designs. Strategic supply chain collaboration is an important success factor but also presents a number of challenges. The NRBV is used to explain the importance of new resources in technology, knowledge and relationships and stresses the role of DCs to constantly address changes in the business environment to renew these strategic resources. Research limitations/implications This research elaborates on NRBV theory related to CLSCs and reinforces the inclusion of DCs. It specifies the application of NRBV in the context of textiles and carpet manufacture and highlights the inherent conflicts in seeking value while moving towards sustainable development. Practical implications Investments in technical and operational resources are required to create CLSCs. Pure closed-loop applications are impractical, requiring relationships with multiple external partners to obtain supply and demand for recycled products. Social implications CLSCs may provide opportunities for social enterprises or third sector organizations collaborating with manufacturers. Originality/value This paper provides insights into the constituent resources needed for successful CLSCs. It also helps move CLSC research from a tactical logistics problem to a problem of strategic resources and relational capabilities: what we term “dynamic supply chain execution”. This paper develops a framework for transitioning towards CLSCs, underlining the importance of co-development and forging new relationships through commitment to supply chain redesign, co-evolution with customers and suppliers and control of supply chain activities.
37
Zhou, Hui. "Can cost sharing contracts coordinate green supply chains based on manufacturers’ overconfidence." E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 04014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123604014.
Full textAbstract:
Cost sharing contracts is one of the most common contracts to coordinate green supply chains. In this paper, we examine whether it can coordinate green supply chains in the set up of overconfidence. We assume that the manufacturer is overconfident and the retailer is rational. The manufacturer overestimates consumers’ sensitivity to product greenness and accurately estimates the uncertainty of demand. The overconfident manufacturer and the rational retailer cooperate through cost sharing contracts. Then, we construct a game theoretical model to analyze the impact of manufacturers’ overconfident on product greenness, pricing, profit and supply chain cooperation. At last, a numerical experimentation is presented. We find that, (1) the product greenness, wholesale price and retail price increase with the manufacturer’s overconfidence as well as the retailer’s cost sharing proportion. (2) no matter how much the cost sharing proportion is, the profit of manufacturers and retailers decreases with the manufacturer’s overconfidence level. (3) cost sharing contracts can achieve the green supply chain coordination in rational setting. But under manufacturers’ overconfidence, it cannot.
38
Márkus, Zsófia, Katalin Bélafi-Bakó, Gábor Tóth, Nándor Nemestóthy, and László Gubicza. "Effect of Chain Length and Order of the Alcohol on Enzyme Activity During Enzymatic Esterification in Organic Media." Hungarian Journal of Industry and Chemistry 45, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hjic-2017-0018.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Esters of short chain acids and alcohols are found in nature as compounds of flavors. Lately the method for their manufacture has been the enzymatic esterification in non-conventional media. Although several reactions have been studied in various media (organic solvents, ionic liquids, supercritical fluids, solvent-free systems), there has been no systematic investigation to clarify the effects of chain length and order of alcohols on the activity of the enzyme. In this work acetic acid was used as an acyl donor and the roles of the linear and branched chains of C2-C8 primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols on the activity of Novozym 435, the widely used lipase preparation were studied. Both the length of the carbon chain and the order of the alcohol were found to strongly influence the activity of the enzyme using the same operational parameters for the reactions. As a result of this project general conclusions were made with regard to the characters of alcohols affecting the reaction rates, which can be applied to other similar reactions.
39
Jiang, Bin, and William Willette. "Why Giants Change Their Minds." Asian Case Research Journal 08, no. 01 (June 2004): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927504000453.
Full textAbstract:
Both Matsushita and Sony were based in Japan, both manufacture consumer electronics, and both were similar to each other in size and brand reputation. Both of them were also facing the same problem: escalating manufacturing costs in Japan were eroding Japan's traditional advantages in manufacturing, especially when its neighbor China was emerging as the "workshop of the world" with low cost advantage. These two players, however, selected totally different manufacturing strategies. While Matsushita aggressively moved its manufacturing business to China, Sony suddenly shifted some of its production back to Japan. Matsushita's and Sony's supply-chain rebuilding strategies were diametric opposites with the same objectives — to improve their competitiveness by optimizing their critical success factors across their supply chains. Today's competition is not really company versus company, but supply chain versus supply chain. Managers and executives should realize that what they had done before for single firms is now being examined from the perspective of a chain of firms. The contemporary issues in Matsushita and Sony provide an extremely interesting lesson about how to establish competitive advantage by using effective supply chain management and how an advantage can be eroded by using incorrect supply chain management.
40
Jha, Dr Rashmi, and Govind Murari Upadhyay. "Novel Approach for Robotic Process Automation with Increasing Productivity and Improving Product Quality using Machine Learning." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.c2192.0210321.
Full textAbstract:
Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is one of the smartest technology evolutions in recent years. It is, a software installed on a system. RPA can be implemented in a well-defined environment with defined procedures and clarity with reference to decision making. RPA’s limitation is that it cannot be automated if it involves decision making supported by knowledgebased application. Highly invasive and intertwined supply chains are now confronted by producers, which reduce manufacturing life cycles and raise product sophistication. You therefore sense the need, at all stages of value formation, to change and adjust more rapidly. The theory of self-optimization is a positive method to coping with uncertainty and unexpected delays within supply chains, devices and processes. It would also boost manufacturing industries' stability and productivity. This paper explores the idea of development processes that are self-optimized. Following a quick historical analysis and understanding the particular needs, specifications and self-optimizing criteria of the various stages of value generation from supply chain planning and management to manufacture and assembly. Examples at both stages are used to demonstrate the self-optimization principle and to explain its simplicity and efficiency ability.. We proposed Novel approach for Robotic Process Automation with increasing productivity and improving product quality using machine learning
41
Han, Liang, Feng Xiao, Xin Pan Chu, Jun Feng Xue, Qi Biao Chen, Min Lei, and Lei Xiang Zhang. "A Study of the Automatic Formation Line of Li-Ion Power Batteries." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 2252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.2252.
Full textAbstract:
Li-ion battery is used widely in many industrial areas, and formation is a necessary process in battery manufacture. After formation, the performance of Li-ion power batteries can be activated. In the process of production, the key technology in the formation has been changed. The technology of formation and holding independently for each battery is turning into the formation after being clamped and then holding now. Therefore, the design of the automatic production line must base on the battery groups after being clamped. This text will introduce a new production line for the formation of Li-ion battery, mainly discuss the formation of clamped batteries, and how to realize the automation of the production line. The line uses the three-dimensional multi-layer frameworks, speed-fold chains and stoppers. The speed-fold chain is a new type of conveyor chain, and known as "flexible manufacturing unit". The battery groups can be stopped in the manufacturing line by the stoppers, and then they can be charged or discharged. The line can be connected by the lifting machine.
42
Cortés Escobedo, C. A., J. Muñoz-Saldaña, D. Jaramillo-Vigueras, and F. J. Espinoza-Beltrán. "Preparation of Size Controlled Nanometric Spheres of Colloidal Silica for Synthetic Opal Manufacture." Materials Science Forum 509 (March 2006): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.509.187.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, we present a modification of the sol-gel based, Stöber, Fink and Bohn’s (SBF) procedure for the preparation of nanometric spheres of silica with a monomodal distribution of size and controlled diameter. In the SBF method, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) is used as a precursor molecule and hydrolysis and condensation reactions to form chains and branches of Si-O bonds are carried out. The novelty of this work consists in the use of an aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution as ammonia source. Graphics of particle size as a function of reagent contents are presented (reaction yield control) and differences to the results from the original SBF method are discussed. This procedure is the very first step for the development of a sol-gel synthetic opals preparation process. As a result, the best route to prepare monodisperse spheres in the whole range of 250 to 850 nm is that of keeping constant the TEOS and NH3 contents at 0.28:1M varying water contents in the range of 8 – 12.5 M.
43
Mochizuki, Tatsuya. "Application of Reverse Engineering to Product Development." Applied Mechanics and Materials 42 (November 2010): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.42.5.
Full textAbstract:
This 3D optical metrology has become a standard tool in industrial process chains by providing fast and precise full-field 3D data for quality control, rapid manufacturing and reverse engineering applications. In this report, the trend that 3D optical metrology has widely used by the product development is described. Concretely, it is described to inspect shape on the free-form surface, to digitize the design model, to manufacture solid shape without CAD model, to define CAE model from real shape, to make analysis for sheet metal components, and to make real-time strain measurement for tensile tests.
44
Lanza, G., Jürgen Fleischer, and Daniel Ruch. "Flexible and Intelligent Gripping Technology for Machining and Handling of Spatially Curved Extruded Aluminum Profiles." Advanced Materials Research 10 (February 2006): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.10.153.
Full textAbstract:
With a novel extrusion process which is investigated in the Collaborative Research Center Transregio 10 (SFB/TR10), it is possible to manufacture spatially curved aluminum profiles. This process is the base for an automated small and medium size batch production of light-weight frame structures. For the handling and machining of the spatially curved profiles, highly flexible machines and manufacturing equipment are needed. Today’s automated process chains do not reach a sufficient flexibility. This article introduces a new approach to handle and machine spatially curved profiles using a flexible gripping and clamping system. Firstly, the requirements concerning the process comprehensive gripping technology, which have to be fulfilled for a flexible small and medium batch production of light-weight frame structures, are specified. Subsequently, the function and design of a flexible gripping and clamping system are described. Furthermore, metrological processes to maintain a once reached condition of order during the entire process chain are depicted.
45
Jiang, Ji, and Jin Chen. "Managing the Product-Counterfeiting Problem with a Blockchain-Supported E-Commerce Platform." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 6016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116016.
Full textAbstract:
As a disruptive tool, blockchain technology can eradicate the product-counterfeiting problem in supply chains. However, a blockchain-supported platform charges an operating fee to legitimate manufacturers and retailers for product traceability and authentication. In this study, we employ enterprise profit-driven analytical models using Stackelberg equilibrium theory and highlight the values of blockchain-supported e-commerce platforms in addressing the product-counterfeiting problem. To measure the actual benefits of blockchain technology, we compare the profits of all agents in two different supply chains, traditional and blockchain-supported. Results show that the application of blockchain technology is not always beneficial to manufacturers, retailers, and customers. However, when the manufacturing cost of a legitimate manufacturer is sufficiently high, the manufacturer generates more profits using blockchain technology. Further, for a price-sensitive market, a retailer tends to trade in a blockchain-supported e-commerce platform if the retailer’s qualification in the platform is lower than that in a traditional supply chain, and the manufacturing cost of the counterfeit manufacturer in the platform is higher than that in a traditional supply chain.
46
Mackley, Malcolm. "The Scientific and Technological Route to the Manufacture of High-Modulus Polyethylene." MRS Bulletin 22, no. 9 (September 1997): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s088376940003400x.
Full textAbstract:
Polyethylene has been manufactured commercially for over sixty years. However recently a high-modulus variant has become available. This article describes the background to the development of high-modulus polyethylene and describes the story behind the sequence of scientific discoveries and technological developments that occurred to enable this advance.Polyethylene was discovered by accident in the 1930s when two scientists working for the ICI chemical company carried out a series of experiments to study the effect of pressure on the reaction kinetics of certain organic liquids and gases. During these experiments, the scientists noted a waxy deposit in their small reaction vessel which marked the birth of one of the world's largest commodity polymers. The crystallographic structure of polyethylene was determined by another ICI industrial scientist who at the time was pioneering x-ray techniques. The crystallography of polyethylene, shown in Figure 1, is relatively simple in that it shows the long CH2-CH2 polymer chains packed in the all “trans” configuration to form an orthorhombic cell.Polyethylene rapidly developed as a commodity thermoplastic finding application in injection molding, extrusion, and packaging. Its prime material characteristics are its toughness, flexibility, and ease of processing. The stiffness of the polymer for most applications was found to be of the order of 1 GPa, which was similar to other thermoplastics but less than metals such as aluminum at 60 GPa and steel at 210 GPa.
47
Wang, Laili, Xuemei Ding, and Xiongying Wu. "Blue and grey water footprint of textile industry in China." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 11 (October 24, 2013): 2485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.532.
Full textAbstract:
Water footprint (WF) is a newly developed idea that indicates impacts of freshwater appropriation and wastewater discharge. The textile industry is one of the oldest, longest and most complicated industrial chains in the world's manufacturing industries. However, the textile industry is also water intensive. In this paper, we applied a bottom-up approach to estimate the direct blue water footprint (WFdir,blue) and direct grey water footprint (WFdir,grey) of China's textile industry at sector level based on WF methodology. The results showed that WFdir,blue of China's textile industry had an increasing trend from 2001 to 2010. The annual WFdir,blue surpassed 0.92 Gm3/yr (giga cubic meter a year) since 2004 and rose to peak value of 1.09 Gm3/yr in 2007. The original and residuary WFdir,grey (both were calculated based on the concentration of chemical oxygen demand (CODCr)) of China's textile industry had a similar variation trend with that of WFdir,blue. Among the three sub-sectors of China's textile industry, the manufacture of textiles sector's annual WFdir,blue and WFdir,grey were much larger than those of the manufacture of textile wearing apparel, footware and caps sector and the manufacture of chemical fibers sector. The intensities of WFdir,blue and WFresdir,grey of China's textile industry were year by year decreasing through the efforts of issuing restriction policies on freshwater use and wastewater generation and discharge, and popularization of water saving and wastewater treatment technologies.
48
Lee, Yi-Chang, Ho Chang, Ching-Long Wei, Rahnfong Lee, Hua-Yi Hsu, and Cheng-Chung Chang. "Determination of deformation of a highly oriented polymer under three-point bending using finite element analysis." e-Polymers 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2016-0248.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe molecular chains of a highly oriented polymer lie in the same direction. A highly oriented polymer is an engineering material with a high strength-to-weight ratio and favorable mechanical properties. Such an orthotropic material has biaxially arranged molecular chains that resist stress in the tensile direction, giving it a high commercial value. In this investigation, finite element analysis (FEA) was utilized to elucidate the deformation and failure of a highly oriented polymer. Based on the principles of material mechanics and using the FEA software, Abaqus, a solid model of an I-beam was constructed, and the lengths of this beam were set based on their heights. Three-point bending tests were performed to simulate the properties of the orthotropic highly oriented polymer, yielding results that reveal both tension failure and shear failure. The aspect ratio that most favored the manufacture of an I-beam from highly oriented polymers was obtained; based on this ratio, a die drawing mold can be developed in the future.
49
He, Rong Yao, Zhong Kai Xiong, and Yu Xiong. "Supply Chain Competition with Information Sharing." Key Engineering Materials 486 (July 2011): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.486.309.
Full textAbstract:
Given the case of two competing supply chains each consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer, we explore whether the retailers should share the market demand information they know with their manufacturers when the manufacturers do not know the same specific demand information. We also determine the optimal pricing policy and total profit for the retailers when each chain either shares or does not share market demand information. We find that sharing information is always more profitable for both retailer and supply chain.
50
Yang, Lu Jiao, Xuan Cheng, Ying Zhang, and Jia Liu. "Determination of Silicon Content in SiC Ceramics Precursor by Modified Titration." Key Engineering Materials 492 (September 2011): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.492.441.
Full textAbstract:
Polycarbosilane (PCS), an important precursor for manufacture of silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics, was prepared and analyzed to determine its chemical composition. The major elements of silicon (Si) and carbon (C) in Si-C backbones and side chains in PCS represent more than 80% with minor elements of oxygen and hydrogen being less than 20%. In this work, a conventional potassium silicofluoride volumetric method was explored and modified for establishing a standard routine procedure to evaluate Si content in PCS. The optimal conditions were investigated using an orthogonal designed four-factor-three-level normal experimental scheme. The suitable parameters and standard procedure to analyze Si in PCS were obtained.