Journal articles: 'Manufacturing ceramic materials'

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Amaral, S. P., and G. H. Domingues. "Oily Wastes Application in Ceramic Materials Manufacturing." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0381.

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The application of oily residues produced by PETRÓLEO BRASILEIRO S.A. -PETROBRÁS in the manufacturing of ceramic bricks appears as a promising alternative of their reutilization, in comparison with the traditional method of storage in ponds or dikes and to the biodégradation process by landfarming. The application of said residues started experimentally in 1988, in a ceramic bricks factory located in the Paraíba do Sul Valley, State of São Paulo, near the Henrique Lage Refinery (REVAP). In mid-1989, the Presidente Bernardes Refinery (RPBC), the Capuava Refinery (RECAP) and the Petroleum Products Terminals of São Paulo (TEDEP) started sending oily residues to factories participating in the Red Ceramics Association of Itu and its Region (ACERVIR). As an advantage of this process, almost all the costs with disposal of said residues are eliminated for PETROBRÁS; on the other hand, the reduction in maintenance costs, lower energy consumption, and a significant increase in production are advantages for the ceramics factories.

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Liu, Bing Feng. "Properties and Manufacturing Method of Silicon Carbide Ceramic New Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 1693–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.1693.

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Ceramic industry developed rapidly in recent years, a greater demand for new materials. SiC ceramics as one of candidate materials that a few suitable for use high-temperature structural parts, shows its unique advantages in the high temperature, thermal shock, corrosive and other harsh environments. Its high temperature performance and application potential has attracted people's attention, but its properties make it difficult sintering at atmospheric pressure, unable to meet the needs of industrial production. Pressure less sintering technology has become the key in its application promotion. As strong antioxidant activity, better abrasion resistance, hardness, thermal stability, high temperature strength, thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity and thermal shock and great chemical resistance and other excellent characteristics, Silicon carbide ceramics are widely used in various fields. Based on the silicon carbide ceramic materialisms development process, characteristics, international research and proposed several status of sintering silicon carbide ceramic, and discuss its development trends.

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He, Rujie, Niping Zhou, Keqiang Zhang, Xueqin Zhang, Lu Zhang, Wenqing Wang, and Daining Fang. "Progress and challenges towards additive manufacturing of SiC ceramic." Journal of Advanced Ceramics 10, no. 4 (July 18, 2021): 637–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40145-021-0484-z.

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AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC) ceramic and related materials are widely used in various military and engineering fields. The emergence of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies provides a new approach for the fabrication of SiC ceramic products. This article systematically reviews the additive manufacturing technologies of SiC ceramic developed in recent years, including Indirect Additive Manufacturing (Indirect AM) and Direct Additive Manufacturing (Direct AM) technologies. This review also summarizes the key scientific and technological challenges for the additive manufacturing of SiC ceramic, and also forecasts its possible future opportunities. This paper aims to provide a helpful guidance for the additive manufacturing of SiC ceramic and other structural ceramics.

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Lakhdar, Y., C. Tuck, J. Binner, A. Terry, and R. Goodridge. "Additive manufacturing of advanced ceramic materials." Progress in Materials Science 116 (February 2021): 100736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2020.100736.

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Travitzky, Nahum, Alexander Bonet, Benjamin Dermeik, Tobias Fey, Ina Filbert-Demut, Lorenz Schlier, Tobias Schlordt, and Peter Greil. "Additive Manufacturing of Ceramic-Based Materials." Advanced Engineering Materials 16, no. 6 (April 8, 2014): 729–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.201400097.

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Schönherr, Julia Anna, Sonja Baumgartner, Malte Hartmann, and Jürgen Stampfl. "Stereolithographic Additive Manufacturing of High Precision Glass Ceramic Parts." Materials 13, no. 7 (March 25, 2020): 1492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071492.

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Lithography based additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the most established and widely used 3D-printing processes. It has enabled the processing of many different materials from thermoplast-like polymers to ceramics that have outstanding feature resolutions and surface quality, with comparable properties of traditional materials. This work focuses on the processing of glass ceramics, which have high optical demands, precision and mechanical properties specifically suitable for dental replacements, such as crowns. Lithography-based ceramic manufacturing (LCM) has been chosen as the optimal manufacturing process where a light source with a defined wavelength is used to cure and structure ceramic filled photosensitive resins. In the case of glass ceramic powders, plastic flow during thermal processing might reduce the precision, as well as the commonly observed sintering shrinkage associated with the utilized temperature program. To reduce this problem, particular sinter structures have been developed to optimize the precision of 3D-printed glass ceramic crowns. To evaluate the precision of the final part, testing using digitizing methods from optical to tactile systems were utilized with the best results were obtained from micro computed tomography (CT) scanning. These methods resulted in an optimized process allowing for possible production of high precision molar crowns with dimensional accuracy and high reproducibility.

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Hassanin, Hany, Khamis Essa, Amr Elshaer, Mohamed Imbaby, Heba H. El-Mongy, and Tamer A. El-Sayed. "Micro-fabrication of ceramics: Additive manufacturing and conventional technologies." Journal of Advanced Ceramics 10, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40145-020-0422-5.

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AbstractCeramic materials are increasingly used in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) as they offer many advantages such as high-temperature resistance, high wear resistance, low density, and favourable mechanical and chemical properties at elevated temperature. However, with the emerging of additive manufacturing, the use of ceramics for functional and structural MEMS raises new opportunities and challenges. This paper provides an extensive review of the manufacturing processes used for ceramic-based MEMS, including additive and conventional manufacturing technologies. The review covers the micro-fabrication techniques of ceramics with the focus on their operating principles, main features, and processed materials. Challenges that need to be addressed in applying additive technologies in MEMS include ceramic printing on wafers, post-processing at the micro-level, resolution, and quality control. The paper also sheds light on the new possibilities of ceramic additive micro-fabrication and their potential applications, which indicates a promising future.

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Ziesche, Steffen, Adrian Goldberg, Uwe Partsch, Holger Kappert, Heidrun Kind, Mirko Aden, and Falk Naumann. "On-turbine multisensors based on Hybrid Ceramic Manufacturing Technology." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2019, HiTen (July 1, 2019): 000107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4491.2019.hiten.000107.

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Abstract The contribution evaluates the potential of piezoresistive multilayer ceramic sensory solutions using Low or High Temperature Cofired Ceramics (LTCC/HTCC) for on-turbine sensors. Relevant ceramic materials were characterized and evaluated with regard to applicability and reliability under application-like conditions. A multilayer ceramic sensory element was designed including a ceramic embedded pressure sensing membrane, a Pt100 temperature sensor and ceramic integrated wiring. Appropriate sealing methods to implement the ceramic into metal housings as well as electrical connection solutions were worked out, which allow for an operation under the increased temperatures (> 300°C) of the application. A system concept, including sensory element, signal conditioning electronics, mechanical and electrical interfaces is part of the investigation.

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Spitznagel, F. A., J. Boldt, and P. C. Gierthmuehlen. "CAD/CAM Ceramic Restorative Materials for Natural Teeth." Journal of Dental Research 97, no. 10 (June 15, 2018): 1082–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034518779759.

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Advances in computer-aided design (CAD) / computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technologies and their ease of application enabled the development of novel treatment concepts for modern prosthodontics. This recent paradigm shift in fixed prosthodontics from traditional to minimally invasive treatment approaches is evidenced by the clinical long-term success of bonded CAD/CAM glass-ceramic restorations. Today, defect-oriented restorations, such as inlays, onlays, and posterior crowns, are predominately fabricated from glass-ceramics in monolithic application. The variety of CAD/CAM ceramic restorative systems is constantly evolving to meet the increased demands for highly aesthetic, biocompatible, and long-lasting restorations. Recently introduced polymer-infiltrated ceramic network CAD/CAM blocks add innovative treatment options in CAD/CAM chairside 1-visit restorations. The material-specific high-edge stability enables the CAD/CAM machinability of thin restoration margins. Full-contour zirconia restorations are constantly gaining market share at the expense of bilayered systems. Advancements in material science and bonding protocols foster the development of novel material combinations or fabrication techniques of proven high-strength zirconia ceramics. CAD/CAM applications offer a standardized manufacturing process resulting in a reliable, predictable, and economic workflow for individual and complex teeth-supported restorations. More evidence from long-term clinical studies is needed to verify the clinical performance of monolithic polymer-infiltrated ceramic network and zirconia teeth-supported minimally invasive and extensive restorations.

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Chugunov, Svyatoslav, Nikolaus A. Adams, and Iskander Akhatov. "Evolution of SLA-Based Al2O3 Microstructure During Additive Manufacturing Process." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 5, 2020): 3928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13183928.

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Evolution of additively manufactured (AM) ceramics’ microstructure between manufacturing stages is a hardly explored topic. These data are of high demand for advanced numerical modeling. In this work, 3D microstructural models of Al2O3 greenbody, brownbody and sintered material are presented and analyzed, for ceramic samples manufactured with SLA-based AM workflow, using a commercially available ceramic paste and 3D printer. The novel data, acquired at the micro- and mesoscale, using Computed Tomography (CT), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Focused Ion-Beam SEM (FIB/SEM) techniques, allowed a deep insight into additive ceramics characteristics. We demonstrated the spatial 3D distribution of ceramic particles, an organic binder and pores at every stage of AM workflow. The porosity of greenbody samples (1.6%), brownbody samples (37.3%) and sintered material (4.9%) are analyzed. Pore distribution and possible originating mechanisms are discussed. The location and shape of pores and ceramic particles are indicative of specific physical processes driving the ceramics manufacturing. We will use the presented microstructural 3D models as input and verification data for advanced numerical simulations developed in the project.

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Dermeik, Benjamin, and Nahum Travitzky. "Laminated Object Manufacturing of Ceramic‐Based Materials." Advanced Engineering Materials 22, no. 9 (May 20, 2020): 2000256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.202000256.

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Hotza, Dachamir, and Antonio Pedro Novaes de Oliveira. "New Silicate Glass-Ceramic Materials and Composites." Advances in Science and Technology 68 (October 2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.68.1.

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New silicate glass-ceramic compositions have been investigated due to their interesting chemical, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. LZSA glass-ceramics based on -spodumene (Li2O•Al2O3•4-10SiO2) and zircon (ZrSiO4) crystalline phases have shown good chemical resistance, high bending strength as well as high abrasion resistance, when compared with traditional ceramic materials, and coefficient of thermal expansion from 4.6 to 9.110-6 °C-1. These features basically depend on the nature, size and distribution of the formed crystals as well as on the residual glassy phase. The nature of the formed crystalline phases and consequently the final properties can be controlled by modifying the chemical composition of the parent glass and also by adequate selection of the heat-treatment parameters. The classical fabrication of glass-ceramic materials consists on the preparation of monolithic glass components followed by heat treatments for crystallisation. However, this technology requires high investments and can be justified only for large production. A viable alternative could be the production of glass-ceramics processed from glass powders and consolidated by sintering using the same equipments of traditional ceramic plants. This work reports the manufacturing and characterization of glass-ceramic materials and composites processed by pressing, injection moulding, extrusion, casting, replication, and rapid prototyping.

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Hao, Wei Na, Yu Mei Bao, and Guo Zhong Chai. "FEM Analysis of Grinding Damage Mechanisms for Ceramics Materials." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 432–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.432.

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The utilization of ceramics materials for structural components has been widespread because of their excellent properties. But the ceramic components require high precision and integrity of surface. The grinding is the main productive technique for finishing the ceramic components in the manufacturing industry, but it is prone to surface and sub-surface damage. Consequently the induced damage will reduce the life of the component, even leads to failure. So, to improve grinding quality and reduce grinding damage, it is important to understand the damage mechanisms and process for ceramic materials. In this paper, attempts are made to build a damage model and to compute damage variable D. The damage variable will be used in the further computation. The research effort made may be the foundation of the ceramic components design and the optimization and control of ceramic grinding process.

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Pyo, Se-Wook, Dae-Joon Kim, Jung-Suk Han, and In-Sung Luke Yeo. "Ceramic Materials and Technologies Applied to Digital Works in Implant-Supported Restorative Dentistry." Materials 13, no. 8 (April 22, 2020): 1964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081964.

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Computer-aided design and manufacturing technology has been closely associated with implant-supported restoration. The digital system employed for prosthodontic restorations comprises data acquisition, processing, and manufacturing using subtractive or additive methods. As digital implantology has developed, optical scanning, computer-based digital algorithms, fabricating techniques, and numerical control skills have all rapidly improved in terms of their accuracy, which has resulted in the development of new ceramic materials with advanced esthetics and durability for clinical application. This study reviews the application of digital technology in implant-supported dental restoration and explores two globally utilized ceramic restorative materials: Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline and lithium disilicate glass ceramics.

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Krenkel, Walter. "From Polymer to Ceramics: Low Cost Manufacturing of Ceramic Matrix Composite Materials." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 354, no. 1 (December 2000): 353–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587250008023627.

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Mandavia, H. C., K. V. R. Murthy, R. U. Purohit, P. K. Patel, and B. M. Sharma. "Thermoluminescence Study of Base Materials of Ceramic Tiles." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 13, no. 1-2 (December 21, 2010): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj69.

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Many flooring materials most of them are in natural form are used to manufacture floor tiles for household flooring purpose. The peoples demand for variety of flooring material Leeds to develop various types of ceramic tiles. In India ceramic industry is fast growing one, more then 400 units of manufacturing ceramic tiles, vitrified tiles and sanitary ware, situated around Morbi, Rajkot, Gujarat, India. Many natural minerals are used as the raw materials required for the manufacturing ceramic ware. The following minerals are used to manufacturing the ceramic tiles i.e. Quartz, Feldspar, Zircon, Talc, Grog, Alumina oxide, etc. Most of the minerals are from Indian mines of Gujarat and Rajasthan states, some of are imported from Russian sub continent. The present paper reports the thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of Feldspar, Alumina and Quartz minerals collected from the ceramic tiles manufacturing unit, Morbi. The as received minerals Natural TL was recorded (NTL), and annealed and quenched from 400 °C and 800 °C followed by 15Gy beta dose given from Sr-90 beta source TL was recorded and the comparative TL (Thermoluminescence) study of above materials are presented. The characterization of the minerals is done using TGA and XRD studies.

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Gadow, R., F. Kern, and A. Killinger. "Manufacturing of nanocomposite structural ceramic materials and coatings." International Journal of Materials and Product Technology 35, no. 3/4 (2009): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmpt.2009.025685.

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Chmielewski, M., and K. Pietrzak. "Metal-ceramic functionally graded materials – manufacturing, characterization, application." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 64, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2016-0017.

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Abstract Functionally graded materials (FGMs) belong to a new, continuously developing group of materials, finding application in various branches of industry. The idea of freely designing their construction profile, restricted only by the available manufacturing techniques, enables obtaining materials with composition and structure gradients having unprecedented properties. In this paper, selected results of works carried out by the authors and relating to the application of the developed metal-ceramic composites were presented in order to manufacture functionally graded materials for target purposes. Gradient structures with various construction profiles that can play different roles were produced on the basis on the following material pairs: Cr-Al2O3, NiAl-Al2O3 and Cu-AlN. Manufacturing conditions, microstructure characteristics and selected properties, crucial from the point of view of future applications, were presented.

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Fernandes, Jucielle Veras, Danyelle Garcia Guedes, Fabiana Pereira da Costa, Alisson Mendes Rodrigues, Gelmires de Araújo Neves, Romualdo Rodrigues Menezes, and Lisiane Navarro de Lima Santana. "Sustainable Ceramic Materials Manufactured from Ceramic Formulations Containing Quartzite and Scheelite Tailings." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 12, 2020): 9417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229417.

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In this study, we develop ceramic formulations based on quartzite and scheelite tailings collected from mining companies in the northeast of Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte State). New ceramic samples (27 wt% of kaolin, 29 wt% of plastic clay, 11 wt% of quartzite tailing, and 0–8 wt% scheelite tailing) were uniaxially pressed in two steps (20 MPa and 50 Mpa for 20 s); dried at 110 °C for 24 h; and sintered at 1150 °C, 1200 °C, and 1250 °C. The main mineralogical phases (mullite, quartz, calcite, and anorthite) of the sintered samples were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD). After evaluation of the physical-mechanical properties (water absorption, linear shrinkage, apparent porosity, and flexural strength), it was observed that the incorporation of scheelite tailing by up to 8 wt% did not significantly alter the properties of samples sintered at all temperatures. Our results indicate that the new ceramics formulations developed have strong potentials in manufacturing sustainable materials such as ceramic tiles and porcelain stoneware.

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Manna, Alakesh, and Amandeep Kundal. "Micro Machining of Nonconductive Al2O3 Ceramic on Developed TW-ECSM Setup." International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 1, no. 2 (April 2011): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2011040103.

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Advanced ceramic materials are gradually becoming very important for their superior properties such as high hardness, wear resistance, chemical resistance, and high strength to weight ratio. But machining of advanced ceramic like Al2O3-ceramics is very difficult by any well known and common machining processes. Normally, cleavages and triangular fractures generate when machining of these materials is done by traditional machining methods. It is essential to develop an efficient and accurate machining method for processing advanced ceramic materials. For effective machining of Al2O3-ceramics, a traveling wire electrochemical spark machining (TW-ECSM) setup has been developed. The developed TW-ECSM setup has been utilized to machine Al2O3 ceramic materials and subsequently test results are utilized to analyze the machining performance characteristic. Different SEM photographs show the actual condition of the micro machined surfaces. The practical research analysis and test results on the machining of Al2O3 ceramics by developed TWECSM setup will provide a new guideline to the researchers and manufacturing engineers.

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Li, Xiangjia, and Yong Chen. "Vat-Photopolymerization-Based Ceramic Manufacturing." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 30, no. 7 (July 2021): 4819–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05920-z.

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Scheithauer, Uwe, Florian Kerber, Alexander Füssel, Stefan Holtzhausen, Wieland Beckert, Eric Schwarzer, Steven Weingarten, and Alexander Michaelis. "Alternative Process Routes to Manufacture Porous Ceramics—Opportunities and Challenges." Materials 12, no. 4 (February 22, 2019): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12040663.

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Porous ceramics can be realized by different methods and are used for various applications such as cross-flow membranes or wall-flow filters, porous burners, solar receivers, structural design elements, or catalytic supports. Within this paper, three different alternative process routes are presented, which can be used to manufacture porous ceramic components with different properties or even graded porosity. The first process route is based on additive manufacturing (AM) of macro porous ceramic components. The second route is based on AM of a polymeric template, which is used to realize porous ceramic components via replica technique. The third process route is based on an AM technology, which allows the manufacturing of multimaterial or multiproperty ceramic components, like components with dense and porous volumes in one complex-shaped component.

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Chugunov, Svyatoslav, Andrey Kazak, Mohammed Amro, Carsten Freese, and Iskander Akhatov. "Towards Creation of Ceramic-Based Low Permeability Reference Standards." Materials 12, no. 23 (November 25, 2019): 3886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12233886.

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Low-permeable materials, either artificial or natural, are essential components of the current technological development. Their production or processing requires a comprehensive characterization method based on confident reference standards. Permeability standards for values below 10−15 m2 are lacking. In this study, we explored the feasibility of using the ceramic sintering process to reach low, but measurable values of gas permeability in Al2O3 samples, as one of the potential materials for reference standards. The studied samples were produced with a ceramic 3D printer, which enables the manufacturing of low-permeable samples having complex geometrical arrangements. A series of preliminary laboratory testing indicated the available gas permeability range from 2.4 × 10−15 m2 for the pre-sintered samples to 1.8 × 10−21 m2 for the sintered samples. The verification of the permeability reduction was carried out using a unique unsteady state fast and accurate measurement method. The results confirm the possibility of developing a technology for materials manufacturing with low porosity and permeability. Such materials open many areas for application, including manufacturing of ceramics with controlled transport properties and low-permeability standards for calibrating laboratory equipment for geosciences, construction industries, biomedical, and other relevant fields.

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Gadow, Rainer. "Lightweight Engineering with Advanced Composite Materials - Ceramic and Metal Matrix Composites." Advances in Science and Technology 50 (October 2006): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.50.163.

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Light weight engineering by materials and by design are central challenges in modern product development for automotive applications. High strength structural ceramics and components were in the focus of R & D in automobile development since the 1970's and CMC have dominated advanced materials engineering in aerospace applications. The limiting factor for their market acceptance was the high processing and manufacturing cost. The automotive industry requires technical performance and high economic competitiveness with tough cost targets. The potential of ceramic matrix composites can be enhanced, if new fast and cost effective manufacturing technologies are applied. This is demonstrated in the case of SiC composites for high-performance disk brake rotors for passenger cars. Light metal composites are promising candidates to realize safety relevant lightweight components because of their high specific strength and strain to failure values, if their stiffness and their thermal and fatigue stability is appropriate for the application, i.e. in power train and wheel suspension of cars. Tailor-made fiber reinforcements in light metal matrices can solve this problem, but the integration of fibers with conventional manufacturing techniques like squeeze casting or diffusion bonding leads to restrictions in the component's geometry and results in elevated process cost mainly caused by long cyc1e times and the need of special tools and additional fiber coatings. A new manufacturing method for metal matrix composites (MMC) made by fast thixoforging is introduced. Thereby, prepregs consisting of laminated fiber woven fabrics and metal sheets or, alternatively, thermally sprayed metal coatings on ceramic fiber fabrics are used as preforms for an advanced thixoforging process for the manufacturing of Al-Si MMC components in mechanical engineering.

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Grigoriev, Sergei, Tatiana Tarasova, Andrey Gusarov, Roman Khmyrov, and Sergei Egorov. "Possibilities of Manufacturing Products from Cermet Compositions Using Nanoscale Powders by Additive Manufacturing Methods." Materials 12, no. 20 (October 19, 2019): 3425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203425.

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Complicated wear-resistant parts made by selective laser melting (SLM) of powder material based on compositions of metal and ceramics can be widely used in mining, oil engineering, and other precision engineering industries. Ceramic–metal compositions were made using nanoscale powders by powder metallurgy methods. Optimal regimes were found for the SLM method. Chemical and phase composition, fracture toughness, and wear resistance of the obtained materials were determined. The wear rate of samples from 94 wt% tungsten carbide (WC) and 6 wt% cobalt (Co) was 1.3 times lower than that of a sample from BK6 obtained by the conventional methods. The hardness of obtained samples 2500 HV was 1.6 times higher than that of a sample from BK6 obtained by the traditional method (1550 HV).

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Simons, Christoph, Albert Kastner, and George Kiriakidis. "Ceramic Target Materials for Sputtering Applications." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 805–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.805.

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The lecture will give an overview of the manufacturing technique of ceramic target materials based on ZnO and TiO2. Sintering and plasma spraying techniques are typically used. Also special bonding procedures have to be established in order to join ceramic target materials to metallic carriers. Metallic and ceramic target materials will be compared with respect to target materials processing and sputtering experiences as well. In addition planar and cylindrical targets will be briefly discussed as sputtering of large substrates is strongly moving towards cylindrical cathode applications.

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RYNIEWICZ, Anna M., Andrzej Ryniewicz, Łukasz Bojko, and Wojciech Ryniewicz. "ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF BIOMATERIAL AND THE TECHNOLOGY OF PROSTHETIC CROWNS MANUFACTURING ON THE CONNECTION WITH VENEERING CERAMICS." Tribologia 293, no. 5 (January 25, 2021): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6954.

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The aim of the study is to identify the endurance parameters of prosthetic crowns veneered with dedicated ceramics on metal, glass-ceramic, and ceramic frameworks. Metal frameworks were made using CAD/CAM milling technology and SLM technology, while the glass-ceramic and ceramic frameworks were produced using only the CAD/CAM milling technology. The research materials are samples replicating the layered structures of prosthetic crowns. The veneering procedure must ensure the adhesion of the ceramics to the loadbearing framework. The tests modelling the conditions of concentrated loads during chewing were carried out using the Instron 3345 testing machine. Determination of microhardness in cross-sections through layered structures of crowns was performed using the HMV Micro Hardness Tester. The comparison of force loading the indenter as a function of penetration depth indicates that the value of the maximum depth depends on the configuration of microhardness of the framework and dentine. The zirconium ceramics ZrO2 (3Y-TZP) – veneered with Elephant Sakura silica ceramics – should be indicated as the most advantageous material composition.

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Gadow, R., F. Kern, and A. Killinger. "Manufacturing technologies for nanocomposite ceramic structural materials and coatings." Materials Science and Engineering: B 148, no. 1-3 (February 2008): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2007.09.066.

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Ren, G., P. J. Hogg, and D. H. Woolstencroft. "Low cost ceramic moulding composites: materials and manufacturing technology." Advances in Applied Ceramics 107, no. 6 (December 2008): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174367508x297849.

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Nishihora, Rafael Kenji, Priscila Lemes Rachadel, Mara Gabriela Novy Quadri, and Dachamir Hotza. "Manufacturing porous ceramic materials by tape casting—A review." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 38, no. 4 (April 2018): 988–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.11.047.

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Jang, Seongwan, Sujin Park, and Chang-jun Bae. "Development of ceramic additive manufacturing: process and materials technology." Biomedical Engineering Letters 10, no. 4 (October 10, 2020): 493–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13534-020-00175-4.

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Ichinose, Noboru. "Conducting Ceramic Materials." Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 52, no. 12 (2005): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.52.908.

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Ichinose, Noboru. "Conducting Ceramic Materials." Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 54, no. 2 (2007): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.54.120.

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Doreau, F., C. Chaput, and T. Chartier. "Stereolithography for Manufacturing Ceramic Parts." Advanced Engineering Materials 2, no. 8 (August 2000): 493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1527-2648(200008)2:8<493::aid-adem493>3.0.co;2-c.

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Lyra e Silva, João Paulo, José Ricardo Mariano, and Lucas Costa de Medeiros Dantas. "Uso de cerâmicas à base de dissilicato de lítio." Prosthesis and Esthetics in Science 10, no. 37 (2020): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24077/2020;1037-cb2730.

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Manufacturing of metal-free ceramic restorations become possible thanks to the emergence of reinforced ceramics and was consolidated with the development of adhesive materials and vitreous ceramic, allowing restorations adhesion to the dental structure. Lithium dissilicate-based ceramic offers features like, luting agent adhesion, resistance and optical effect, to be used without covering ceramics or thin restorations, maintaining their characteristics. The first ceramic systems were based on the development of infrastructure materials, replacing the metal, with increased reinforced crystalline phase which associated with the roofing porcelain can provide excellent aesthetics results without compromising the mechanical performance indispensable to restoration clinical longevity. Thus, we can perceive the importance of knowledge and planning of the steps to be followed in the process of ceramic restorations adhesion. The careful definition of protocols for the processes of moisture isolation, substrate preparation and restoration for the adhesion process are fundamental for clinical procedures to have reduced risk.

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Kotobuki, Masashi, Qilin Gu, Lei Zhang, and John Wang. "Ceramic-Polymer Composite Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment: Bridging the Big Gap between Ceramics and Polymers." Molecules 26, no. 11 (June 1, 2021): 3331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113331.

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Clean water supply is an essential element for the entire sustainable human society, and the economic and technology development. Membrane filtration for water and wastewater treatments is the premier choice due to its high energy efficiency and effectiveness, where the separation is performed by passing water molecules through purposely tuned pores of membranes selectively without phase change and additional chemicals. Ceramics and polymers are two main candidate materials for membranes, where the majority has been made of polymeric materials, due to the low cost, easy processing, and tunability in pore configurations. In contrast, ceramic membranes have much better performance, extra-long service life, mechanical robustness, and high thermal and chemical stabilities, and they have also been applied in gas, petrochemical, food-beverage, and pharmaceutical industries, where most of polymeric membranes cannot perform properly. However, one of the main drawbacks of ceramic membranes is the high manufacturing cost, which is about three to five times higher than that of common polymeric types. To fill the large gap between the competing ceramic and polymeric membranes, one apparent solution is to develop a ceramic-polymer composite type. Indeed, the properly engineered ceramic-polymer composite membranes are able to integrate the advantages of both ceramic and polymeric materials together, providing improvement in membrane performance for efficient separation, raised life span and additional functionalities. In this overview, we first thoroughly examine three types of ceramic-polymer composite membranes, (i) ceramics in polymer membranes (nanocomposite membranes), (ii) thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes, and (iii) ceramic-supported polymer membranes. In the past decade, great progress has been made in improving the compatibility between ceramics and polymers, while the synergy between them has been among the main pursuits, especially in the development of the high performing nanocomposite membranes for water and wastewater treatment at lowered manufacturing cost. By looking into strategies to improve the compatibility among ceramic and polymeric components, we will conclude with briefing on the perspectives and challenges for the future development of the composite membranes.

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Kohlberger, Carsten. "Punching technology for ceramic applications." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2011, CICMT (September 1, 2011): 000276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-2011-tha21.

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Miniaturization also takes place in Multilayer ceramics technology, such as Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC). Even if the functionalities seem to rise endless. In the traditional LTCC manufacturing, there is a development to thin materials recognizable, limited by the minimum thickness of the Mylar foil. The only variable parameter is the thickness of the ceramic cast on the foil. Also, in other ceramic applications, there is a development to thicker sheet thickness for various applications from different industries. Furthermore embossing is taking place in the ceramic industry as a production method. In order to perform high class punched and embossed quality for the hole/structures such as via, alignment or cavity raises the requirements for the complete punching tool and as well for the punching components - for example punch, die guide or stripper bushing. Where the laser technologies may see his limits, punching technology can be the right solution. This paper is to report the advantages and the limits of punching technologies in the ceramic as well as to explore the feasibility and current punching technological limits of today's manufacturing technologies

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Balabanov, Sergey V., Sergei N. Perevislov, and Maxim М. Sychov. "Polymer 3D-Printing for Fabrication of Ceramic Parts with Complex Shape." Key Engineering Materials 899 (September 8, 2021): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.899.45.

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In this work, using polymer 3D printing, we obtained ceramic parts of complex shape with the topology of a triple periodic minimal surface (TPMS), of the “Schwarz primitive” type. The technology of manufacturing ceramic products from a diamond-silicon carbide composite ("Ideal") with the geometry of TPMS by pressing is described. The properties of 3D ceramics are similar to those of a monolithic material.

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del Roveri, Carolina, R. A. Cunha, Antenor Zanardo, Letícia Hirata Godoy, Maria Margarita Torres Moreno, R. R. Rocha, and Sylma Carvalho Maestrelli. "Chemical-Mineralogical and Microscopic Characterization of Clay Used as Raw Materials in Santa Gertrudes' Ceramic Pole." Materials Science Forum 869 (August 2016): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.869.191.

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The Santa Gertrudes ́ Ceramic Polo is the Brazilian region with national and international prominence in the manufacturing of ceramic tiles. Some raw materials used by ceramic industry and coatings industries in this region were characterized in terms of chemical-mineralogical and microscopic view, in order to promote the best technological characterization of them. For this, chemical analysis of major elements and trace X-ray diffraction and microscopic analysis by SEM, TEM and Electron microprobe were performed by ICP-MS. The results showed that the raw materials commonly referred to as "clays" are actually constituted by various mineral phases, which directly influence the properties of the same ceramics. Also showed that, by virtue of this constitution, different formulations can be developed, using the best raw materials found in the region of Santa Gertrudes, SP.

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Mikhailova, N. A., E. A. Gryadkina, Z. S. Martem’yanova, and T. Yu Kolesnikova. "Ceramic mixtures for manufacturing floor tile." Glass and Ceramics 55, no. 3-4 (March 1998): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03180910.

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Nawrot, Witold, and Karol Malecha. "Additive manufacturing revolution in ceramic microsystems." Microelectronics International 37, no. 2 (March 28, 2020): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi-11-2019-0073.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review possibilities of implementing ceramic additive manufacturing (AM) into electronic device production, which can enable great new possibilities. Design/methodology/approach A short introduction into additive techniques is included, as well as primary characterization of structuring capabilities, dielectric performance and applicability in the electronic manufacturing process. Findings Ceramic stereolithography (SLA) is suitable for microchannel manufacturing, even using a relatively inexpensive system. This method is suitable for implementation into the electronic manufacturing process; however, a search for better materials is desired, especially for improved dielectric parameters, lowered sintering temperature and decreased porosity. Practical implications Relatively inexpensive ceramic SLA, which is now available, could make ceramic electronics, currently restricted to specific applications, more available. Originality/value Ceramic AM is in the beginning phase of implementation in electronic technology, and only a few reports are currently available, the most significant of which is mentioned in this paper.

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Wang, Qingli, and Ganlin Zhang. "Strategy of thermal radiation coatings in Rongdao kiln of ceramic design industry." Thermal Science 23, no. 5 Part A (2019): 2793–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci181223193w.

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Under the background of energy saving and emission reduction, energy-saving renovation of kilns in ceramics industry has always been the key step to promote sustainable development strategy in ceramics industry, and also one of the key points for enterprises to reduce production costs. For the manufacturing enterprises of gongdao kiln in ceramics industry, the choice of refractory and heat preservation materials is one of the keys to manufacturing high efficiency and energy saving kilns. Through a series of technological innovations and development experiments, the researchers solved the problem of surface peeling of thermal radiation materials after sintering on the inner wall of kiln, and made the thermal radiation materials more widely used. This paper introduces the development process, physical and chemical characteristics, energy-saving principle and application methods of heat radiation energy-saving coatings, and lists specific examples for analysis. Through energy-saving comparative experiments and specific application cases, it shows that thermal radiation energy-saving coatings have great application prospects in the ceramic industry, and should be vigorously promoted to provide direction for energy-saving and emission reduction in the ceramic industry.

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Li, Quan Lu, Jing Wu, Yin Hong Zhang, Ran Liao, Hai Xia Cheng, and Qing Qing Yang. "The Effects of Superfine Powder and Sintering Technique upon Properties and Applications of some Piezoelectric Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 749 (August 2013): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.749.3.

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This paper briefly reports on the improved properties and bettered applications of some piezoelectric ceramics (i. e. S-PZT, etc.) of ferro/piezoelectric community by means of bettering their technological process links, especial superfine grinding of powder of raw materials, and sintering technique of piezoelectric ceramics in them. These piezoelectric ceramic materials have obtained the better effect in their newly and widely applied aspects, such as, acoustoelectric transducing; electrical to mechanical to electrical transducing; acoustooptic effect; electrooptic technique, and, piezoelectric ceramics for high voltage generators, ignition and detonation purposes, and some original applications (e.g., combining the electrorheological fluids) etc.. As far as appropriate measure of the improving sintering and other technique processes in present work is concerned, they also have reference value to electronic ceramics of having similar manufacturing technological process, such as capacitor ceramics, resistance ceramics, magnetic ceramics, and oxide ceramic superconducting materials, etc..

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Watanabe, Keiichiro, Tomonori Takahashi, Tomoki Nagae, and Hiroyuki Tsuji. "Precision Forming and Machining Technologies for Ceramic-Based Components." International Journal of Automation Technology 12, no. 5 (September 5, 2018): 739–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2018.p0739.

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Structural ceramics components for industrial use are classified under two categories: one that is originally designed for ceramics (Ceramic Origin), and the other that is originally designed for metals and subsequently replaced with ceramics because of their improved hardness and resistance to both heat and corrosion (Metal Origin). Ceramic insulators for power lines and catalytic substrates used to control automotive emissions in gasoline engines are “Ceramic Origin” components. As ceramics are difficult to machine, a precision mold has been used in the forming process to minimize the machining volume in the case of “Ceramic Origin” components. Meanwhile, ceramic turbo charger rotors and valves for automotive engines are “Metal Origin” components, which not only require durability under severe operating conditions but also severe dimensional accuracy, similar to metal parts. These components have been derived from extensive R&D efforts in materials and process technologies for ceramic gas turbines, which have been implemented in the majority of advanced countries since the 1970s. This paper includes some examples of precision forming and machining technologies for both types of ceramic components developed by NGK Insulators, Ltd., and highlight their issues. Finally, the possibility of new types of ceramic-based components will be introduced.

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Bateman, C. A., J. J. Kilgore, and P. J. Smaltz. "Microscopy of Industrial Ceramic Materials." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 552–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760002883x.

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The microscopy effort within the Saint-Gobain R&D labs involves working with a wide variety of ceramic materials. Samples vary from routine QC type work, to manufacturing plant emergencies, to failure analysis, to marketing support. A typical sample will require a variety of techniques to provide a solution within a few working days. Working in such an environment it is essential that people are aware of the different analytical tools that can be utilized in a given situation. For the microscopists in our lab this means a working knowledge of the techniques that are close to our core competencies centered around optical microscopy and SEM; these include AFM, XRD, Auger, SIMS, and FTIR, which are all used in a complimentary fashion. The examples shown here are illustrative of the kinds of problems worked on and the interactive nature of the solutions.XRD of a siliconized silicon carbide material showed that it contained a higher fraction of the beta phase than was expected.

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Ramírez, Cristina, Manuel Belmonte, Pilar Miranzo, and Maria Isabel Osendi. "Applications of Ceramic/Graphene Composites and Hybrids." Materials 14, no. 8 (April 20, 2021): 2071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14082071.

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Research activity on ceramic/graphene composites and hybrids has increased dramatically in the last decade. In this review, we provide an overview of recent contributions involving ceramics, graphene, and graphene-related materials (GRM, i.e., graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and graphene nanoplatelets) with a primary focus on applications. We have adopted a broad scope of the term ceramics, therefore including some applications of GRM with certain metal oxides and cement-based matrices in the review. Applications of ceramic/graphene hybrids and composites cover many different areas, in particular, energy production and storage (batteries, supercapacitors, solar and fuel cells), energy harvesting, sensors and biosensors, electromagnetic interference shielding, biomaterials, thermal management (heat dissipation and heat conduction functions), engineering components, catalysts, etc. A section on ceramic/GRM composites processed by additive manufacturing methods is included due to their industrial potential and waste reduction capability. All these applications of ceramic/graphene composites and hybrids are listed and mentioned in the present review, ending with the authors’ outlook of those that seem most promising, based on the research efforts carried out in this field.

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Mahmood, Muhammad, Alexandra Bănică, Carmen Ristoscu, Nicu Becherescu, and Ion Mihăilescu. "Laser Coatings via State-of-the-Art Additive Manufacturing: A Review." Coatings 11, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11030296.

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Ceramics and ceramic-reinforced metal matrix composites (CMMCs) demonstrate high wear resistance, excellent chemical inertness, and exceptional properties at elevated temperatures. These characteristics are suitable for their utilization in biomedical, aerospace, electronics, and other high-end engineering industries. The aforementioned performances make them difficult to fabricate via conventional manufacturing methods, requiring high costs and energy consumption. To overcome these issues, laser additive manufacturing (LAM) techniques, with high-power laser beams, were developed and extensively employed for processing ceramics and ceramic-reinforced CMMCs-based coatings. In respect to other LAM processes, laser melting deposition (LMD) excels in several aspects, such as high coating efficiency and lower labor cost. Nevertheless, difficulties such as poor bonding between coating and substrate, cracking, and reduced toughness are still encountered in some LMD coatings. In this article, we review recent developments in the LMD of ceramics and CMMCs-based coatings. Issues and solutions, along with development trends, are discussed and summarized in support of implementing this technology for current industrial use.

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Piotter, Volker, Klaus Plewa, Tobias Mueller, Andreas Ruh, Elvira Vorster, Hans Joachim Ritzhaupt-Kleissl, and Juergen Hausselt. "Manufacturing of High-Grade Micro Components by Powder Injection Molding." Key Engineering Materials 447-448 (September 2010): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.447-448.351.

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Powder injection molding (MicroPIM) has a considerable potential for the production of high-value metal and ceramic micro components. This does not only apply to technical aspects but, due to the deployability of mass production, also to economic ones. The current status can be summed up by the following key data: latest trials revealed smallest struc-tural details in the 10µm range or lower. Theoretical densities of up to 99% were achieved depend-ing on the particular powder applied. Typical materials processed are metals (Fe, Cu, 316L, 17-4PH, W and W-alloys etc.) or ceramics (aluminum/zirconium oxide etc.). Best surface qualities were obtained with ultrafine or even nano-doped ceramic powders. Another major line of development is multi-component or assembly injection molding. These proc-esses do not only reduce assembly expenditure, but also allow for the use of new functional material combinations. Interesting examples are ceramic micro heating elements or gear wheel/shaft samples which can be performed as fixed or movable combinations. Micro inmold-labelling using PIM feed-stocks offers further promising opportunities.

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Sing, Swee Leong, Wai Yee Yeong, Florencia Edith Wiria, Bee Yen Tay, Ziqiang Zhao, Lin Zhao, Zhiling Tian, and Shoufeng Yang. "Direct selective laser sintering and melting of ceramics: a review." Rapid Prototyping Journal 23, no. 3 (April 18, 2017): 611–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-11-2015-0178.

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Purpose This paper aims to provide a review on the process of additive manufacturing of ceramic materials, focusing on partial and full melting of ceramic powder by a high-energy laser beam without the use of binders. Design/methodology/approach Selective laser sintering or melting (SLS/SLM) techniques are first introduced, followed by analysis of results from silica (SiO2), zirconia (ZrO2) and ceramic-reinforced metal matrix composites processed by direct laser sintering and melting. Findings At the current state of technology, it is still a challenge to fabricate dense ceramic components directly using SLS/SLM. Critical challenges encountered during direct laser melting of ceramic will be discussed, including deposition of ceramic powder layer, interaction between laser and powder particles, dynamic melting and consolidation mechanism of the process and the presence of residual stresses in ceramics processed via SLS/SLM. Originality/value Despite the challenges, SLS/SLM still has the potential in fabrication of ceramics. Additional research is needed to understand and establish the optimal interaction between the laser beam and ceramic powder bed for full density part fabrication. Looking into the future, other melting-based techniques for ceramic and composites are presented, along with their potential applications.

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Camilo, Claudia C., C. A. Fortulan, R. A. Ikegami, Arnaldo R. Santos, and B. de M. Purquerio. "Manufacturing of Porous Alumina Scaffolds with Bio-Glass and HAp Coating: Mechanical and In Vitro Evaluation." Key Engineering Materials 396-398 (October 2008): 679–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.396-398.679.

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The objective of this study was to manufacture porous scaffolds with bioinert and bioactive materials to join mechanical properties and bony integration. Porous alumina ceramic matrices were produced using the slurry technique followed by isostatic pressing, leaching and sintering. Porous alumina samples presented 75.0vol% porosity and 52.27MPa of compressive strength. Bioglass/hydroxyapatite ceramic slurry was used as coating on alumina matrices. The infiltration was performed by dipping the alumina porous samples into bio-glass/hydroxyapatite ceramics slurry under vacuum and followed by sintering. The evaluation of the alumina ceramic scaffolds samples were made using EDX, mechanical and in vitro tests. For the in vitro tests, fibroblastic VERO cell line was employed. The porous alumina ceramic coated acquired a higher strength and more pronounced cell interaction than the non coated alumina scaffolds.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Manufacturing ceramic materials'

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