Academic literature on the topic 'Manure bovine'
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Journal articles on the topic "Manure bovine"
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Silva, Viviane F., Carlos V. C. Bezerra, Elka C. S. Nascimento, Tricia N. F. Ferreira, Vera L. A. Lima, and Leando O. Andrade. "Production of chili pepper under organic fertilization and irrigation with treated wastewater." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 23, no. 2 (February 2019): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n2p84-89.
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ABSTRACT With the occurrence of prolonged droughts in the Brazilian semi-arid region, water scarcity directly influences agriculture in this region, so that water reuse and bovine manure application become a viable alternative for pepper production. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the sustainable production of chili peppers (Capsicum frutescens) under levels of irrigation with treated wastewater and doses of bovine manure. The following bovine manure doses were considered: D1 (0% manure and 100% soil), D2 (10% manure and 90% soil), D3 (20% manure and 80% soil), D4 (30% manure and 70% soil), D5 (40% manure and 60% soil) and D6 (50% manure and 50% soil), based on volume. Three levels of irrigation were applied, based on the water requirement of the crop (WR), namely: 100% WR (L1), 75% WR (L2) and 50% WR (L3). Production variables and physical characteristics of the produced peppers were evaluated. Pepper production (g plant-1) increased as 10% of bovine manure were added in substrate composition. Increasing concentration of bovine manure and using 50% WR provided favorable conditions for the organic production of chili pepper.
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Micaela, Micaela B. Pereira, Thiago Jardelino Dias, Neriane Rodrigues de Lima Neriane, Evandra Da Silva Justino Evandra, Daivyd S. Oliveira Daivyd, and Mario L. Martins Veras Mario. "Plant growth and yield of butter kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala), as influenced by the combined application of bovine manure and rock powder." Acta Agronómica 69, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/acag.v69n1.75174.
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The supply of organic matter in soil of arid and semiarid in Brazilian regions is very import, as it allows to increase crop yields. However, there are few studies on alternative sources of fertilizer for vegetables. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effect of different doses of bovine manure and rock powder (RP) on growth characteristics, concentration of chlorophyll, and physiological indices and production of (B. oleracea L. var. acephala). The treatments were arranged in five randomized blocks in a factorial 4 x 4 reference doses of bovine manure (60, 120, 180 and 240 g pit-1) combined with doses of rock powder (6, 12, 18 and 24 g pit-1). Doses of bovine manure and rock powder of 180 and 18 g, respectively, increased the growth of B. oleracea by plant height, stem diameter, leaf number. The combination doses of bovine manure 120 g + 12 g rock powder and 120 g of bovine manure + 18 g rock powder, provided, in this order, larger leaf area results for the productivity of B. oleracea. The bovine manure promotes greater concentration of CO2, net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of B. oleracea plant, while rock powder limits these characteristics. Intermediate doses of bovine manure and RP promote higher growth and yield of B. oleracea.
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Oliveira, Arnaldo Nonato P. de, Ademar P. de Oliveira, Francisco de Assis P. Leonardo, Iordam da S. Cruz, and Damiana F. da Silva. "Yield of gherkin in response to doses of bovine manure." Horticultura Brasileira 27, no. 1 (March 2009): 100–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-05362009000100020.
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Considering the importance of gherkin in Northeastern Brazil, studies focusing on increasing its quality and yield are powerful tools to improve people social and economical condition in this region. The effects of doses of bovine manure were evaluated in gherkin yield in an experiment using cultivar Nordestino, from May to September 2006, at the Federal University of Paraíba, in Areia County, Paraíba State, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks, with five treatments (0; 10; 20; 30, and 40 t ha-1) of bovine manure, in four replications. The working area in each experimental plot corresponded to 80 m², including 20 plants, with 2.0 x 2.0 m spaces. The highest number of fruits per plant (30) was achieved with 32.2 t ha-1 of bovine manure. Both fruit production per plant and fruit yield increased with doses of bovine manure, with maximum values of respectively 1,306 g and 19.5 t ha-1, when 40 t ha-1 of bovine manure were used.
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Raj, Raman D., and Reid R. Gerhardt. "Insect-based detector of bovine manure odors." Computer Standards & Interfaces 20, no. 6-7 (March 1999): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5489(99)91026-7.
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BERRY, ELAINE D., and JAMES E. WELLS. "A Direct Plating Method for Estimating Populations of Escherichia coli O157 in Bovine Manure and Manure-Based Materials†." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 11 (November 1, 2008): 2233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.11.2233.
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Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreaks associated with produce consumption have brought attention to livestock manures and manure-based soil amendments as potential sources of pathogens for the contamination of these crops. Procedures for enumeration of E. coli O157:H7 are needed to assess the risks of transmission from these manures and their by-products. A direct plating method employing spiral plating onto CHROMagar O157 was investigated for enumeration of E. coli O157:H7 in feedlot surface material, aged bovine manure, bovine manure compost, and manure-amended soil. In studies utilizing samples spiked with a five-strain cocktail of E. coli O157:H7 at levels ranging from 102 to 105 CFU/g of sample, there were strong correlations between the observed and predicted levels of this pathogen. Although the addition of 2.5 mg/liter potassium tellurite and 5 mg/liter novobiocin made the medium more restrictive, these amendments enhanced the ability to identify and enumerate E. coli O157:H7 in feedlot surface material, which contained a higher proportion of fresh feces than did the other three sample types and therefore higher levels of interfering bacterial microflora. The spiral plating method was further assessed to determine its ability to enumerate E. coli O157:H7 in naturally contaminated feedlot surface material. Comparison of E. coli O157:H7 counts in feedlot surface material obtained by the spiral plating method and a most probable number technique were well correlated. We conclude that direct spiral plating onto CHROMagar O157 is effective for estimating E. coli O157: H7 levels in a variety of manures and manure-containing sample types to a lower detection limit of 200 CFU/g. The method has application for determining E. coli O157:H7 concentrations in manures and composts before their sale and use as soil amendments and for measuring the effectiveness of manure treatment processes to reduce or inactivate this pathogen.
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Kuczynska, Ewa, Daniel R. Shelton, and Yakov Pachepsky. "Effect of Bovine Manure on Cryptosporidium parvum Oocyst Attachment to Soil." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 10 (October 2005): 6394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.10.6394-6397.2005.
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ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to assess the effect of dilute bovine manure (1.0% and 0.1%) versus that of no manure on attachment and subsequent detachment of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts to soil. Manure enhanced the attachment of oocysts to soil particles; the maximum attachment was observed with 0.1% manure. Oocyst attachment was partially reversible; maximum detachment was observed with dilute manure. These results indicate that oocyst attachment to soil is substantially affected by bovine manure in a complex manner and should have implications for how oocysts may be transported through or over soils.
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Cavalcante, Lourival Ferreira, Francisco Thiago Coelho Bezerra, Antônio Gustavo de Souto, Marlene Alexandrina Ferreira Bezerra, Geovani Soares de Lima, Hans Raj Gheyi, Jorge F. da Silva Pereira, and Márkilla Zunete Beckmann-Cavalcante. "Biofertilizers in horticultural crops." Comunicata Scientiae 10, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 415–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v10i4.3058.
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Bovine manure biofertilizers can exert physical, chemical, and biological effects on the soil and the phytoprotective, physiological, and productive actions in horticultural crops. The literature review was performed to compile information on the production, uses, and effects of bovine manure biofertilizers on soil properties and plants. Biofertilizers are produced by organic components, minerals, and inoculants. Among the organic sources, the bovine manure is the most used. The fermentation of the bovine manure in water constitutes the Vairo biofertilizer, the most employed in Brazilian horticulture. With the chemical enrichment of this preparation came the Supermagro, Agrobio, and Agrobom biofertilizers. In the soil, it can act in the improvement of soil fertility, physical properties, and in the diversity and abundance of the biota. Also, it can act in control of pests and diseases, leaf composition concerning macro and micronutrients, and in the production and post-harvest quality of horticultural crops. Therefore, this review describes the preparation, chemical composition, and utilization of bovine manure biofertilizers in both soil and plants, offering perspectives of research on the formulations, application, and effects of these inputs on horticultural species.
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Çekiç, Samantha K., Jaysankar De, Mohammad Jubair, and Keith R. Schneider. "Persistence of Indigenous Escherichia coli in Raw Bovine Manure-Amended Soil." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 9 (August 15, 2017): 1562–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-033.
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ABSTRACT The Food Safety Modernization Act attempts to reduce produce-related foodborne illness by using preventive rather than reactive measures. The goal of this research was to determine the persistence of manure-borne generic Escherichia coli under laboratory and field conditions. The population density of naturally occurring E. coli was ∼7.2 and 5.4 log CFU/10 g in pre- and postscreened manures, respectively. Postscreened (i.e. after the liquid manure has passed through a screen) manure was applied at light, medium, and heavy rates to fields in Live Oak and Citra, FL, during the fall and summer. Laboratory microcosms of the manure-amended soils (comparable to the field's heavy application rate of manure) from both locations were maintained at 20 and 30°C. Persistence of E. coli, moisture content, and pH were monitored until E. coli became unrecoverable. The longest E. coli persistence seen in field trails was during the summer and fall trials from Citra (heavy application) that terminated on day 112 and day 280, respectively. The rate of E. coli decay ranged from 0.02 to 0.04 log CFU per day across all manure application rates, seasons, and locations. In the microcosm studies, the E. coli became extinct on day 210 in the 30°C, whereas they became unrecoverable on day 420 in the 20°C microcosms. The relatively prolonged persistence of E. coli in the microcosms suggests that survival under laboratory conditions does not mimic real-world survival rates and may not be adequate for predicting E. coli persistence in the field. The persistence data also suggest that the risk from E. coli associated with new contamination events, such as wild life intrusion, runoff, or other vectors, may be greater than the risk associated with the long-term survival of manure-borne E. coli, although more work is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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JIANG, XIUPING, MAHBUB ISLAM, JENNIE MORGAN, and MICHAEL P. DOYLE. "Fate of Listeria monocytogenes in Bovine Manure–Amended Soil." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 1676–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.8.1676.
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The survival and growth of Listeria monocytogenes in soil amended with bovine manure was studied under different environmental conditions of temperature, nutrients, and soil microflora. Autoclaved soil was compared with unautoclaved soil for assessing the influence of competitive soil microflora on the survival of L. monocytogenes. Initial L. monocytogenes cell numbers of 5 to 6 log CFU/g survived for up to 43, 43, and 14 days in manure-amended autoclaved soil at 5, 15, and 21°C, respectively. In manure-amended unautoclaved soil, the pathogen was detectable for up to 43, 21, and 21 days at 5, 15, and 21°C, respectively. L. monocytogenes was inactivated more rapidly in autoclaved soil amended with manure at a manure/soil ratio of 1:10 than in the more dilute (1:100) manure in soil samples at both 15 and 21°C. However, in manure-amended unautoclaved soil, L. monocytogenes survived longer in samples with ratios of 1:10 than in the more dilute (1:100) manure-amended soil. The persistence of L. monocytogenes for several weeks in manure-amended soil suggests listeriae could be transmitted through soil to fresh produce or to shoes, clothing, and hands of field workers, especially during the cold months.
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Gomes Moreira, Vanessa Ohana, Raimundo Nonato De Assis Júnior, and Túlio Cordeiro Aragão. "CRESCIMENTO E FOTOSSÍNTESE DO MILHO CULTIVADO SOB ESTRESSE SALINO COM ESTERCO E POLÍMERO SUPERABSORVENTE." IRRIGA 25, no. 3 (September 28, 2020): 603–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2020v25n3p603-616.
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CRESCIMENTO E FOTOSSÍNTESE DO MILHO CULTIVADO SOB ESTRESSE SALINO COM ESTERCO E POLÍMERO SUPERABSORVENTE
VANESSA OHANA GOMES MOREIRA1; RAIMUNDO NONATO DE ASSIS JÚNIOR2 E TÚLIO CORDEIRO ARAGÃO3
1Engenheira Agrônoma, Mestra e Doutoranda em Ciência do Solo, Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici – Bloco 807, CEP 60356-000, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. E-mail: van_ohana1@hotmail.com
2Engenheiro Agrônomo, Doutor em Agronomia - Solos e Nutrição de Plantas, Professor Titular, Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici – Bloco 807, CEP 60356-000, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. E-mail: assisjr@ufc.br
3Graduando em Química. Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici - Bloco 940, CEP 60440-900, Fortaleza – Ceará, Brasil. E-mail: tuliocaragao@gmail.com
1 RESUMO
Esse trabalho objetivou avaliar o uso de esterco bovino e polímero iônico superabsorvente no crescimento inicial e na capacidade fotossintética de plantas de milho cultivadas em Neossolo Quartzarênico salino-sódico. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação com quatro tratamentos: T1 - Controle; T2 – Polímero; T3 - Esterco bovino; T4 - Polímero + Esterco bovino. Foram avaliados os parâmetros biométricos: altura das plantas, diâmetro do colmo, área foliar, massa seca da parte aérea, comprimento e massa seca da raiz aos 45 dias após a emergência (DAE) das plantas. A fotossíntese foi avaliada em três momentos: aos 15, 30 e 45 DAE. Houve diferenças significativas pelo teste F (p < 0,05) nos parâmetros biométricos avaliados e na taxa de fotossíntese. As menores médias das variáveis analisadas foram obtidas no tratamento controle. A aplicação do polímero resultou em médias dos parâmetros biométricos e da fotossíntese estatisticamente menores que as médias do esterco bovino. A combinação de polímero e esterco promoveu incremento na capacidade fotossintética e no comprimento da raiz. Conclui-se que, o esterco é mais eficiente que o polímero na melhoria do crescimento inicial do milho sob estresse salino e, quando combinados, promovem maior capacidade fotossintética e maior crescimento das raízes.
Palavras-chave: salinidade do solo, hidrogel, adubo orgânico, Zea Mays L.
MOREIRA, V. O. G.; ASSIS JÚNIOR, R. N.; ARAGÃO, T. C.
GROWTH AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF MAIZE CULTIVATED UNDER SALINE STRESS WITH MANURE AND SUPERABSORBENT POLYMER
2 ABSTRACT
This work aimed to evaluate the use of bovine manure and ionic superabsorbent polymer in the initial growth and in the photosynthetic capacity of maize cultivated in saline-sodium Quartzarenic Neosol . The experiment was installed in a greenhouse with four treatments: T1 - Control; T2 - Polymer; T3 - Bovine manure; T4 - Polymer + Bovine manure. Biometric parameters were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, aerial part dry matter, root length and root dry matter at 45 days after emergence (DAE). The photosynthesis was evaluated in three moments: at 15, 30 and 45 DAE. Significant differences were observed by the F test (p <0.05) in biometric parameters evaluated and photosynthesis rate. The application of the polymer resulted in lower averages than those of the bovine manure for all biometric parameters and photosynthesis. The combination of polymer and bovine manure promoted an increase in photosynthetic capacity and in root length. It is concluded that bovine manure is more efficient than polymer in improving the initial growth of maize under saline stress and when combined promote increase in rate of photosynthesis and root growth.
Keywords: soil salinity, hydrogel, organic fertilizer, Zea Mays L.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Manure bovine"
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DeNiro, Julia L. "Airborne Transport of Foodborne Pathogens from Bovine Manure to Vegetable Surfaces." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376925440.
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Muraishi, Cid Tacaoca [UNESP]. "Modificações de propriedades químicas e agregação de um latossolo de cerrado sob sistemas de cultivo e adubações orgânica e/ou mineral." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106207.
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O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar as modificações de propriedades químicas e agregação de um Latossolo Vermelho de Cerrado, sob manejo com adubação orgânica e/ou mineral e com diferentes sistemas de cultivo. O experimento foi realizado na área experimental da Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, localizada no município de Selvíria, MS, nos anos agrícolas 2003/04 e 2004/05. Os tratamentos constaram de três sistemas de cultivo do solo (convencional; cultivo mínimo e semeadura direta) e seis adubações (testemunha - sem adubação; adubação mineral-70 kg ha-1 de P2O5 e 80 kg ha-1 de K2O; adubação orgânica - esterco bovino-20 Mg ha-1; u adubação orgânica (esterco bovino)+ u da adubação mineral recomendada; 20 e 30 Mg ha-1 de lodo de esgoto). A agregação do solo foi modificada após 2 anos, sendo que os manejos com semeadura direta e cultivo mínimo apresentaram os melhores resultados, quanto aos adubos mineral e orgânicos, estes se destacaram em relação a testemunha. Para a massa de 100 grãos a utilização de adubos minerais e orgânicos proporcionou melhores resultados em comparação a testemunha, no entanto, para a produtividade foram semelhantes. Para produção de massa seca de sorgo o cultivo convencional foi melhor do que a semeadura direta e, o cultivo mínimo foi semelhante a ambos.
The present work had for objective to study the modifications of chemical properties and of the aggregation of a soil after two years of management with organic manuring and/or mineral under different preparation systems. The experiment was carried out in Selvíria, state of the Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, during the agricultural years of 2003/04 and 2004/05. The treatments were: Conventional-tillage, chisel tillage and no-tillage besides six manurings: control (no manuring), manuring mineral, organic manure, organic+mineral, 20 and 30 Mg ha-1 of sewage sludge. After two years of the application of the fertilizers, organic and/or mineral, an improvement was observed in the chemical properties of the soil in comparison with initial analysis. Regarding the aggregate stability of the soil, organic fertilizers and/or minerals and no-till and the minimum cultivation provided a better aggregation of the soil. To weight of 100 soybean grains there was significant difference try use of organic and mineral fertilization; however it was not observed for the production. To dry matter of sorghum the conventional preparation presented the largest values compared to the no-till and, the minimum preparation was similar the both.
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Caramelo, Anaira Denise. "Uso da fração orgânica de lixo urbano como substrato de biodigestor e como matéria-prima para formação de mudas de quaresmeira (Tibouchina granulosa) com duas lâminas de irrigação /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88288.
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Orientador: João Antonio GalbiattiBanca: Carlos Eduardo Angeli Furlani
Banca: Danilo César Checchio Grotta
Resumo: A produção de lixo urbano está estreitamente relacionada com o crescimento populacional e industrial em todo o mundo, e o reaproveitamento desse resíduo torna-se uma alternativa eficaz para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Com o objetivo de caracterizar os resíduos orgânicos urbanos descartados por uma amostra populacional, avaliar a produção do biogás, biofertilizante, composto de lixo e os efeitos de adubações e irrigações para a formação de mudas de quaresmeiras (Tibouchina granulosa), realizou-se um experimento no Departamento de Engenharia Rural da FCAV/UNESP - Câmpus de Jaboticabal - SP, utilizando-se os seguintes tratamentos: 100% de lixo orgânico urbano; 75% de lixo orgânico urbano + 25% de esterco bovino; 50% de lixo orgânico urbano + 50% de esterco bovino; 10% de composto de lixo; 15% de composto de lixo; 20% de composto de lixo; adubação mineral e sem adubação. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial com 8 fertilizações, 2 lâminas de irrigação (80 e 100% da evapotranspiração) e 3 repetições. Da caracterização dos resíduos, verificou-se que 58% são orgânicos; o potencial de produção do biogás foi superior para o tratamento contendo lixo orgânico urbano com 50% de esterco bovino; o crescimento das plantas, quando associado à irrigação calculada para 100% da evapotranspiração de referência e substrato contendo lixo orgânico urbano com 50% de esterco bovino, apresentou altura, diâmetro do colmo, xii matéria seca da raiz e da parte aérea superiores aos demais tratamentos. O uso do resíduo orgânico urbano com 50% de esterco bovino aumentou o índice de produção de biogás, e o biofertilizante obtido atuou como condicionador, alterando as características físicas, químicas e biológicas do solo.
Abstract: The production of urban waste is closely linked to population and industrial growth around the world, and recycle this waste becomes a very effective alternative for sustainable development. Aiming to characterize the organic waste discarded by a sample population, to evaluate the production of biogas, biofertilizer, compost and study the effects of fertilization and irrigation, an experiment was conducted at the Department Rural Engineering FCAV/UNESP - Campus of Jaboticabal - SP, using the following treatments: 100% Organic Waste Urban; 75% of Urban Organic Waste + 25% of cattle manure; 50% of Urban Organic Waste + 50% of cattle manure; 10% compost; 15% Composed of Junk; 20% compost; Mineral Fertilizer and Without Fertilization. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial with 8 fertilizations, two water slides (80 and 100% of potential evaporation) and three replicates. Of waste characterization, it was found that 58% are organic; the potential and the production of the biogas went superior to the treatment contends urban organic garbage with 50% of bovine manure, as well as for the growth of the plants, when associated to 100% of the evapotranspiration, presenting diameter of the stem, dry matter of the root and of the part aerial superiors to the others. The use of the urban organic residue with 50% of bovine manure increased the index of biogas production xiv and the obtained biofertilizer it acted as conditioning, altering the physical characteristics, chemistries and biological of the soil.
Mestre
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PAULA, érica Cristina Martins de. "Atributos de substratos com rejeito de lavra de bauxita cultivados com Puerária (Pueraria phaseoloides) e Braquiaria (Brachiaria decumbens) em Barro Alto, Goiás." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2652.
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Previous issue date: 2010-08-31The attributes of a substratum composed by tailings from mining of bauxite, cultivated with Pueraria (Pueraria phaseoloides)and brachiaria were studied for the flora recomposition in Barro Alto, Goiás. In order to reach that aim, the phytotechnical performance was assessed through the stalk height and diameter for legume and height and number of basal tillers for grass, besides green and dry phytomass for both species. The chemical attributes were also evaluated, through chemical analyses of the substratum at the beginning and at the end of the experiment as well as the physical and microbiological attributes. The experiments were conducted in vases in the city of Barro Alto, GO, from dezember 2008 to june 2009. The delimitation used were random blocks, with four repetitions and composed by 17 treatments with diferent compositions of cattle manure (0% to 20,5%), sugar cane bagasse (0% to 40%) and clayey tailings (45% to 90%), and different doses of phosphorus for three living roofs (B. decumbens, P. phaseloides e B. decumbens + P. phaseoloides). The treatment, which the grass and legume had a better phytotechnical performance are those that present manure concentratios above 10%. Concerning the chemical attributes, initially the treatment with at least 3,5% of manure, and 8,5% of bagasse with no phosphorous (T5), showed chemical properties suitable for plant growth, although there was a low content for organic matter. The substratum that had better physical characteristics, were those with at least 17,5% of sugar cane bagasse, besides that, the simultaneously addition of bovine manure and sugar cane bagasse allowed better values regarding soil microbes.
Foram estudados os atributos de substratos com rejeito de lavra de bauxita cultivados com Pueraria (Pueraria phaseoloides) e Braquiaria (Brachiaria decumbens) em Barro Alto, Goiás para a recomposição florística. Para alcançar tal objetivo avaliaram-se o desempenho fitotécnico através da altura e diâmetro de caule para leguminosa e da altura e número de perfilhos basais para gramínea, além de fitomassa verde e seca para ambas as espécies. Também foram avaliados os atributos químicos dos substratos através de análises químicas dos substratos no início e término do experimento e dos atributos físicos e microbiológicos. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos no município de Barro Alto, GO, de dezembro de 2008 a junho de 2009. O delineamento utilizado foi blocos completos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e composto por 17 tratamentos com diferentes composições de esterco bovino (0% a 20,5%), bagaço de cana de açúcar (0% a 40%) e rejeito argiloso (45% a 90%) e doses distintas de fósforo para as coberturas vivas (B. decumbens, P. phaseoloides e B. decumbens + P. phaseoloides). Os tratamentos sobre os quais as gramíneas e leguminosas apresentam maior desempenho fitotécnico são todos aqueles que apresentam concentração de esterco acima de 10%. Para os atributos químicos, o tratamento com pelo menos 3,5% de esterco bovino e 8,5% de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e sem adubação fosfatada (T5) já apresenta, inicialmente, características químicas adequadas para o crescimento das plantas em estudo, porém apresenta baixo teor de matéria orgânica. Os substratos que apresentam melhores características físicas foram aqueles sob os tratamentos com pelo menos 17,5% de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, além disso, a adição simultaneamente de esterco bovino e bagaço de cana-de-açúcar permite os melhores valores quanto a microbiota do solo.
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Caramelo, Anaira Denise [UNESP]. "Uso da fração orgânica de lixo urbano como substrato de biodigestor e como matéria-prima para formação de mudas de quaresmeira (Tibouchina granulosa) com duas lâminas de irrigação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88288.
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A produção de lixo urbano está estreitamente relacionada com o crescimento populacional e industrial em todo o mundo, e o reaproveitamento desse resíduo torna-se uma alternativa eficaz para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Com o objetivo de caracterizar os resíduos orgânicos urbanos descartados por uma amostra populacional, avaliar a produção do biogás, biofertilizante, composto de lixo e os efeitos de adubações e irrigações para a formação de mudas de quaresmeiras (Tibouchina granulosa), realizou-se um experimento no Departamento de Engenharia Rural da FCAV/UNESP – Câmpus de Jaboticabal - SP, utilizando-se os seguintes tratamentos: 100% de lixo orgânico urbano; 75% de lixo orgânico urbano + 25% de esterco bovino; 50% de lixo orgânico urbano + 50% de esterco bovino; 10% de composto de lixo; 15% de composto de lixo; 20% de composto de lixo; adubação mineral e sem adubação. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial com 8 fertilizações, 2 lâminas de irrigação (80 e 100% da evapotranspiração) e 3 repetições. Da caracterização dos resíduos, verificou-se que 58% são orgânicos; o potencial de produção do biogás foi superior para o tratamento contendo lixo orgânico urbano com 50% de esterco bovino; o crescimento das plantas, quando associado à irrigação calculada para 100% da evapotranspiração de referência e substrato contendo lixo orgânico urbano com 50% de esterco bovino, apresentou altura, diâmetro do colmo, xii matéria seca da raiz e da parte aérea superiores aos demais tratamentos. O uso do resíduo orgânico urbano com 50% de esterco bovino aumentou o índice de produção de biogás, e o biofertilizante obtido atuou como condicionador, alterando as características físicas, químicas e biológicas do solo.
The production of urban waste is closely linked to population and industrial growth around the world, and recycle this waste becomes a very effective alternative for sustainable development. Aiming to characterize the organic waste discarded by a sample population, to evaluate the production of biogas, biofertilizer, compost and study the effects of fertilization and irrigation, an experiment was conducted at the Department Rural Engineering FCAV/UNESP - Campus of Jaboticabal – SP, using the following treatments: 100% Organic Waste Urban; 75% of Urban Organic Waste + 25% of cattle manure; 50% of Urban Organic Waste + 50% of cattle manure; 10% compost; 15% Composed of Junk; 20% compost; Mineral Fertilizer and Without Fertilization. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial with 8 fertilizations, two water slides (80 and 100% of potential evaporation) and three replicates. Of waste characterization, it was found that 58% are organic; the potential and the production of the biogas went superior to the treatment contends urban organic garbage with 50% of bovine manure, as well as for the growth of the plants, when associated to 100% of the evapotranspiration, presenting diameter of the stem, dry matter of the root and of the part aerial superiors to the others. The use of the urban organic residue with 50% of bovine manure increased the index of biogas production xiv and the obtained biofertilizer it acted as conditioning, altering the physical characteristics, chemistries and biological of the soil.
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Almeida, Gabriel Rockenbach de. "Tratamento de resíduos agropecuários através do processo de vermicompostagem." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2582.
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Previous issue date: 2011-04-25A trial was conducted to evaluate earthworm composting as an alternative for treating a mixture of bovine manure, wood shavings and rice hull ash, in order to produce an organic fertilizer. The fertilizer might be sold, becoming an alternative income for dairy cattle producers and reducing the environmental impact of dairy cattle activity, turning it into an environmental friendly and economic activity. Earthworm composting took place in 20 wood boxes (0.40m x 0.50m x 0.30m). Each box received 300 earthworms (Eisenia andrei). A total of five treatments with four replications were studied: T1 (100% bovine manure); T2 (50% bovine manure + 25% wood shavings + 25% rice hull ash); T3 (33% bovine manure + 33% wood shavings + 33% rice hull ash); T4 (25% bovine manure + 50% wood shavings + 25% rice hull ash); and T5 (25% bovine manure + 25% wood shavings + 50% rice hull ash). A completely randomized design was used. ANOVA was used for data analysis and the averages were compared by Tukey test at 5%. Humus samples were collected at day 45 and at the end of trial (day 60). The following variables were studied: pH, dry matter, ash, organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, C/N ratio, phosphorus, calcium, potassium and magnesium. Earthworm composting of pure bovine manure is an effective alternative for treating such dairy cattle production residue. The produced humus contains physical and chemical properties which allow it to be used as an organic fertilizer. However, the mixture of wood shavings and rice hull ash does not produce a good quality fertilizer, according to the current Brazilian legislation.
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo da vermicompostagem como tratamento de esterco bovino misturado com serragem e cinza de casca de arroz, a fim de produzir um adubo orgânico com qualidade para ser comercializado e gerar uma fonte extra de renda para os produtores de gado de leite, minimizando assim os impactos ambientais gerados por este setor e tornando-o mais sustentável ambientalmente e economicamente. A vermicompostagem foi realizada em 20 caixas de madeira com dimensões de 0,40m x 0,50m x 0,30m instaladas em minhocário coberto. Em cada caixa foram inoculadas 300 minhocas da espécie Eisenia andrei. Foram testados cinco tratamentos com quatro repetições cada: T1 (100% esterco bovino); T2 (50% esterco bovino + 25% serragem + 25% cinza de casca de arroz); T3 (33% esterco bovino + 33% serragem + 33% cinza de casca de arroz); T4 (25% esterco bovino + 50% serragem + 25% cinza de casca de arroz); e T5 (25% esterco bovino + 25% serragem + 50% cinza de casca de arroz). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado e o período experimental foi de 60 dias, sendo que a amostragem do húmus foi realizada aos 45 e aos 60 dias. Foram avaliados o pH, os teores de matéria seca, cinzas, matéria orgânica, carbono, relação C/N, nitrogênio, fósforo, cálcio, potássio e magnésio em todos os vermicompostos. Verificou-se que a vermicompostagem de esterco bovino puro é uma alternativa para o tratamento desse resíduo gerado no sistema de produção de gado de leite, pois o húmus produzido possui ótimas características químicas para ser utilizado na agricultura ou comercializado. Entretanto, as misturas com serragem e cinza de casca de arroz, nas proporções utilizadas, não produziram um adubo de qualidade conforme os parâmetros exigidos pela legislação.i.
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Cavalcante, Ítalo Herbert Lucena [UNESP]. "Pitaya: propagação e crescimento de plantas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105225.
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Dentre as frutíferas exóticas, a pitaya vermelha (Hylocereus undatus) apresenta potencial como opção para diversificação da fruticultura nacional e incremento de renda no campo. Os cultivos com essa frutífera no Brasil ainda são poucos e há necessidade de informações locais com a finalidade de subsidiar potenciais produtores. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo: i) identificar a co-existência dos estágios juvenil e adulto e o efeito na propagação da pitaya por estaquia; ii) estudar anatomicamente as raízes adventícias de estacas de pitaya; iii) avaliar o desenvolvimento e o estado nutricional da pitaya em função da intensidade luminosa e adubação orgânica. No primeiro estudo, a posição de coleta da estaca exerceu efeito quantitativo na formação de raízes da pitaya, as estacas juvenis apresentaram 35% mais estacas com raízes que estacas adultas, permitindo concluir que os estágios juvenil e adulto co-existem no dossel da pitaya. No segundo estudo, observou-se que as raízes adventícias em estacas de pitaya originam-se no periciclo, não ocorre formação de raízes a partir de calos e não há a formação de calos em estacas de pitaya. A partir do terceiro estudo infere-se que no cultivo da pitaya é necessária cobertura contra a incidência direta dos raios solares, onde a tela de propileno com 50% ou 75% de luminosidade podem ser usados, os níveis de esterco influenciaram significativamente as concentrações de N, P, K e Na, a concentração no tecido vegetal do N, P, K, S, B, Zn e Na foram incrementadas com o aumento do nível de esterco fornecido à planta e o fornecimento de 20 L.cova-1 de esterco bovino pode ser adotado como quantitativo no preparo de covas de pitaya.
Among the exotic fruitful species, pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) presents potential as an option for diversification of Brazilian fruit culture and incomes enhancement in land. This fruitful is little cultivated in Brazil and local information is need to inform potential farmers. In this way, the present work had as objective: i) to identify the co-existence of juvenile and adult stages and it’s effects on cutting propagation of pitaya; ii) to study anatomically the adventitious roots of pitaya cuttings; iii) to evaluate the development and nutritional status of pitaya as a function of light intensity and organic fertilization. In the first study, the position from which the cutting is taken had an quantitative effect on root formation of pitaya, juvenile cuttings presented 35% more cuttings with roots than adult cuttings, allowing it concludes that juvenile and adult stages co-exist in pitaya canopy. In the second study it was observed that the adventitious roots of pitaya cuttings initiate at the pericycle, there is no root formation from callus and there is no callus formation on pitaya cuttings. From the third study it infers that in pitaya cultivation a covering against light rays is need, where a shade degree of 50% or 75% can be used, the organic manure levels influenced significantly the concentrations of N, P, K and Na, the stem concentration of N, P, K, S, B, Zn and Na were enhanced with organic fertilizer level increasing and the 20 L/plant level can be adopted as quantitative for cave preparation for pitaya cultivation.
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Cavalcante, Ítalo Herbert Lucena. "Pitaya: propagação e crescimento de plantas /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105225.
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Resumo: Dentre as frutíferas exóticas, a pitaya vermelha (Hylocereus undatus) apresenta potencial como opção para diversificação da fruticultura nacional e incremento de renda no campo. Os cultivos com essa frutífera no Brasil ainda são poucos e há necessidade de informações locais com a finalidade de subsidiar potenciais produtores. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo: i) identificar a co-existência dos estágios juvenil e adulto e o efeito na propagação da pitaya por estaquia; ii) estudar anatomicamente as raízes adventícias de estacas de pitaya; iii) avaliar o desenvolvimento e o estado nutricional da pitaya em função da intensidade luminosa e adubação orgânica. No primeiro estudo, a posição de coleta da estaca exerceu efeito quantitativo na formação de raízes da pitaya, as estacas juvenis apresentaram 35% mais estacas com raízes que estacas adultas, permitindo concluir que os estágios juvenil e adulto co-existem no dossel da pitaya. No segundo estudo, observou-se que as raízes adventícias em estacas de pitaya originam-se no periciclo, não ocorre formação de raízes a partir de calos e não há a formação de calos em estacas de pitaya. A partir do terceiro estudo infere-se que no cultivo da pitaya é necessária cobertura contra a incidência direta dos raios solares, onde a tela de propileno com 50% ou 75% de luminosidade podem ser usados, os níveis de esterco influenciaram significativamente as concentrações de N, P, K e Na, a concentração no tecido vegetal do N, P, K, S, B, Zn e Na foram incrementadas com o aumento do nível de esterco fornecido à planta e o fornecimento de 20 L.cova-1 de esterco bovino pode ser adotado como quantitativo no preparo de covas de pitaya.Abstract: Among the exotic fruitful species, pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) presents potential as an option for diversification of Brazilian fruit culture and incomes enhancement in land. This fruitful is little cultivated in Brazil and local information is need to inform potential farmers. In this way, the present work had as objective: i) to identify the co-existence of juvenile and adult stages and it's effects on cutting propagation of pitaya; ii) to study anatomically the adventitious roots of pitaya cuttings; iii) to evaluate the development and nutritional status of pitaya as a function of light intensity and organic fertilization. In the first study, the position from which the cutting is taken had an quantitative effect on root formation of pitaya, juvenile cuttings presented 35% more cuttings with roots than adult cuttings, allowing it concludes that juvenile and adult stages co-exist in pitaya canopy. In the second study it was observed that the adventitious roots of pitaya cuttings initiate at the pericycle, there is no root formation from callus and there is no callus formation on pitaya cuttings. From the third study it infers that in pitaya cultivation a covering against light rays is need, where a shade degree of 50% or 75% can be used, the organic manure levels influenced significantly the concentrations of N, P, K and Na, the stem concentration of N, P, K, S, B, Zn and Na were enhanced with organic fertilizer level increasing and the 20 L/plant level can be adopted as quantitative for cave preparation for pitaya cultivation.
Orientador: Antonio Baldo Geraldo Martins
Coorientador: Eduardo Sanches Stuchi
Banca: Aparecida Conceição Boliani
Banca: João Alexio Scarpare Filho
Banca: Carlos Ruggiero
Banca: João Carlos de Oliveira
Doutor
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CUNHA, Lauvia Moesia Morais. "Viabilidade agroeconômica do consórcio de hortelã com coentro fertilizado com jitirana mais esterco bovino." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2017. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/846.
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O consórcio de plantas apresenta-se como um dos métodos mais adequados à prática da olericultura, em moldes agroecológico, com inúmeras vantagens no aspecto ambiental, produtivo e econômico. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos na Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes, no distrito de Alagoinha, zona rural de Mossoró-RN, com o objetivo de avaliar a viabilidade agroeconômica do consórcio de hortelã com coentro fertilizado com jitirana mais esterco bovino. O primeiro experimento foi conduzido no período de 11/08/2015 a 05/11/2015 sendo o segundo experimento no período de 27/11/2015 a 22/03/2016, no delineamento experimental de blocos completos casualizados com os tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 2x4, com três repetições. O primeiro fator foi constituído do cultivo solteiro e consorciado da hortelã e do coentro, e o segundo fator constituído das diferentes doses da mistura de jitirana com esterco bovino (0,0; 1,0; 2,0 e 3,0 kg m-2 de canteiro). Para a cultura da hortelã utilizou-se a cultivar “Mentha piperita”. Para o coentro utilizou-se a cultivar “Verdão”. As características avaliadas para a cultura da hortelã foram as seguintes: altura da biomassa, massa fresca, número de molhos, massa seca, teor e rendimento de óleo. Para a cultura do coentro foram avaliadas as seguintes características: altura de planta, número de hastes planta-1, produtividade, número de molhos e massa seca. Também foram utilizados indicadores econômicos, tais como: razão de área equivalente (RAE), custo de produção, renda bruta, renda líquida, taxa de retorno e índice de lucratividade. A utilização de jitirana mais esterco bovino contribuiu para o aumento das características produtivas do consórcio nas duas épocas de cultivo, com número de molhos de hortelã de 17,6 e 5,8 nas doses de 3,0 e 2,2 kg m-2, respectivamente. Para a cultura do coentro, os valores foram de 16,5 e 15,3 molhos m-2 na dose de 3,0 kg m-2, respectivamente. A razão de área equivalente obtida nos dois experimentos foram de 1,72 e 1,78, respectivamente. A maior eficiência econômica do consórcio foi observada na primeira época de cultivo com a aplicação de 3,0 kg m-2 de jitirana mais esterco bovino em uma área de 100 m-2, com renda bruta de R$ 3.761,00; renda líquida de R$ 2.727,50; taxa de retorno de R$ 3,64 e índice de lucratividade de 72,52%.
The intercropping of plants comes as one of the most suitable methods for the practice of olericulture, in agroecological molds, with innumerable advantages in the environmental, productive and economic aspect. Two experiments were conducted at the Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes, in the Alagoinha district, rural area of Mossoró-RN, with the goal of evaluating the agroeconomic viability of the mint intercropping with coriander fertilized with jitirana plus bovine manure. The first experiment was conducted in the period from 08/11/2015 to 05/11/2015 and the second experiment was in the period of 11/27/2015 to 03/22/2016, in a randomized complete block design with the treatments arranged in 2x4 factorial scheme, with three replicates. The first factor consisted of single and intercropping of mint and coriander, and the second factor composed of the different doses of the jitirana mixture with bovine manure (0,0, 1,0, 2,0 and 3,0 kg m-2 of bed). The cultivar "Mentha piperita" was used for the mint crop. For the coriander the cultivar "Verdão" was used. The evaluated characteristics for the mint crop were the following: biomass height, fresh mass, number of bunches, dry mass, oil content and yield. For the coriander culture the following characteristics were evaluated: plant height, number of stems plant-1, productivity, number of bunches and dry mass. Economic indicators were also used, such as equivalent area ratio (RAE), cost of production, gross income, net income, rate of return and profitability index. The use of jitirana plus bovine manure contributed to the increase of the productive characteristics of the intercropping in the two growing seasons, with a number of mint bunches of 17.6 and 5.8 at 3.0 and 2.2 kg m-2, respectively. For the coriander culture, the values were 16.5 and 15.3 m-2 sauces at the dose of 3.0 kg m-2, respectively. The equivalent area ratio obtained in the two experiments was 1.72 and 1.78, respectively. The highest economic efficiency of the intercropping was observed in the first growing season with the application of 3.0 kg m- 2 of jitirana plus bovine manure in an area of 100 m-2, with a gross income of R$ 3,761.00; net income of R$ 2,727.50; rate of return of R$ 3.64 and profitability index of 72.52%.
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Muraishi, Cid Tacaoca. "Modificações de propriedades químicas e agregação de um latossolo de cerrado sob sistemas de cultivo e adubações orgânica e/ou mineral /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106207.
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Orientador: Marlene Cristina AlvesBanca: Salatiér Buzetti
Banca: Edson Lazarini
Banca: Cláudio Roberto Marciano
Banca: Marlene Estevão Marchetti
Resumo: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar as modificações de propriedades químicas e agregação de um Latossolo Vermelho de Cerrado, sob manejo com adubação orgânica e/ou mineral e com diferentes sistemas de cultivo. O experimento foi realizado na área experimental da Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, localizada no município de Selvíria, MS, nos anos agrícolas 2003/04 e 2004/05. Os tratamentos constaram de três sistemas de cultivo do solo (convencional; cultivo mínimo e semeadura direta) e seis adubações (testemunha - sem adubação; adubação mineral-70 kg ha-1 de P2O5 e 80 kg ha-1 de K2O; adubação orgânica - esterco bovino-20 Mg ha-1; u adubação orgânica (esterco bovino)+ u da adubação mineral recomendada; 20 e 30 Mg ha-1 de lodo de esgoto). A agregação do solo foi modificada após 2 anos, sendo que os manejos com semeadura direta e cultivo mínimo apresentaram os melhores resultados, quanto aos adubos mineral e orgânicos, estes se destacaram em relação a testemunha. Para a massa de 100 grãos a utilização de adubos minerais e orgânicos proporcionou melhores resultados em comparação a testemunha, no entanto, para a produtividade foram semelhantes. Para produção de massa seca de sorgo o cultivo convencional foi melhor do que a semeadura direta e, o cultivo mínimo foi semelhante a ambos.
Abstract: The present work had for objective to study the modifications of chemical properties and of the aggregation of a soil after two years of management with organic manuring and/or mineral under different preparation systems. The experiment was carried out in Selvíria, state of the Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, during the agricultural years of 2003/04 and 2004/05. The treatments were: Conventional-tillage, chisel tillage and no-tillage besides six manurings: control (no manuring), manuring mineral, organic manure, organic+mineral, 20 and 30 Mg ha-1 of sewage sludge. After two years of the application of the fertilizers, organic and/or mineral, an improvement was observed in the chemical properties of the soil in comparison with initial analysis. Regarding the aggregate stability of the soil, organic fertilizers and/or minerals and no-till and the minimum cultivation provided a better aggregation of the soil. To weight of 100 soybean grains there was significant difference try use of organic and mineral fertilization; however it was not observed for the production. To dry matter of sorghum the conventional preparation presented the largest values compared to the no-till and, the minimum preparation was similar the both.
Doutor
Books on the topic "Manure bovine"
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Piché, Isabelle. Incidence des cours d'exercice de bovins sur la qualité des eaux souterraines et superficielles. Québec, Québec: Ministère de l'environnement et de la faune, Direction des écosystèms aquatiques, 1995.
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Newman, Chris, and Andrew Byrne. Musteloid diseases: implications for conservation and species management. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759805.003.0009.
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The role of disease in population regulation is often overlooked in ecology and conservation. Due to their diversity, the musteloids host a wide range of pathogens. These include diseases of commercial importance, such Aleutian mink disease virus which impacts mink ranching, or bovine tuberculosis leading to interventions to manage European badgers. Skunks and raccoons are major rabies hosts in North America, and because these small carnivores insinuate themselves into close proximity with people, they can pose substantial zoonotic risks. Musteloids also share diseases between species, such as mustelid herpes virus, canine distemper and infectious hepatitis viruses, along with a range of nematodes and protozoans; presenting a contagion risk when vulnerable musteloids are being conserved or reintroduced. Managing host density, vaccination and host isolation are thus the best tools for managing disease, where we advocate the UN-led ‘One Health approach, aimed at reducing risks of infectious diseases at the Animal-Human-Ecosystem interface
Book chapters on the topic "Manure bovine"
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Carr, Mandi. "Beef Cattle Feedlots - How to Measure, Manage and Monitor." In Bovine Medicine, 543–48. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118948538.ch55.
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Sakudo, Akikazu, and Takashi Onodera. "Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Agent." In Manual of Security Sensitive Microbes and Toxins, 611–24. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16752-59.
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Allchin, Douglas. "Hands- Off Dissection?" In Sacred Bovines. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190490362.003.0036.
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Amid the mantra-like rhetoric of the value of “hands- on” learning, the growth of computer “alternatives” to dissection in biology education is a striking anomaly. Instead of touching and experiencing real organisms, students now encounter life as virtual images. Hands-on, perhaps, but on a keyboard instead. Or on a computer mouse, not the living kind. This deep irony might prompt some to hastily redesign such alternatives. Or to find and adopt others. However, one could—far more deeply and profitably—view this as an occasion to reflect on the aims in teaching biology. What do computer programs and models teach? By not sacrificing any animal, one ostensibly expresses respect for life. Nothing seems more important—or moral—for a biology student to learn. Yet using this standard—respect for life—many alternatives to dissection seem deeply flawed. First, most alternatives share a fundamental destructive strategy of taking organisms apart. Each organ is removed and discarded in turn. That might seem to be the very nature of dissection. Yet some contend that “the best dissection is the one that makes the fewest cuts.” Here, the aim is discovery, not destruction. One tries to separate and clarify anatomical structures: trace pathways, find boundaries, encounter connections—quite impossible if things are precut and disappear as preformed units in a single mouse click. The “search and destroy” strategy, once common, is now justly condemned. Such dissections were never well justified. They reflect poor educational goals and fundamentally foster disrespect toward animals. Indeed, dissections may be opportunities to monitor and thus guide student attitudes. Search-and-destroy alternatives to dissection merely echo antiquated approaches. Better no dissections at all than such ill-conceived alternatives. Second, prepackaged images or take-apart models are not much better. They reduce the body to parts. No more than pieces in a mechanical clock. They neatly parcel the body into discrete units. However, a real body is messy. It is held together with all sorts of connective tissue.
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Ironside, James W., Matthew P. Frosch, and Bernardino Ghetti. "Human Prion Diseases." In Escourolle and Poirier's Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 149–60. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199929054.003.0006.
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This chapter describes and illustrates the neuropathology of prion diseases, also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. These diseases are characterized pathologically by varying combinations of spongiform change, neuronal loss, reactive gliosis, and prion protein (PrP) deposition. The morphologic pattern depends on the etiology of the disease and the genotype of the patient. Different clinicopathological phenotypes of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) have been described depending on the PRNP codon 129 genotype and the PrP isotype. A novel form known as variably protease-sensitive prionopathy has been recently identified. Familial prion diseases include familial CJD, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease, and fatal familial insomnia. Over 40 different PRNP mutations have been identified. Acquired prion diseases include Kuru; iatrogenic CJD, particularly in recipients of contaminated human pituitary hormone, and variant CJD, which seems closely related to bovine spongiform encephalopathy.
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Van den Broeke, Anne, Yvette Cleuter, Louis Droogmans, Arsène Burny, and Richard Kettmann. "Isolation and culture of B lymphoblastoid cell lines from bovine leukemia virus-induced tumors." In Immunology Methods Manual, 2127–32. Elsevier, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012442710-5.50242-2.
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VANDENBROEKE, A., Y. CLEUTER, L. DROOGMANS, A. BURNY, and R. KETTMANN. "Isolation and culture of B lymphoblastoid cell lines from bovine leukemia virus-induced tumors." In Immunology Methods Manual, 2127–32. Elsevier, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012442710-5/50242-2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Manure bovine"
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Zou, Yu, and Katherine Yanhang Zhang. "Experimental and Theoretical Study of Bovine Aorta and its Elastin." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193054.
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Blood vessels are complex organs with hierarchical ultrastructures. Different kinds of structural supporting fibers, such as collagen and elastin fibers, are cross-linked in a three-dimensional manner to provide stiffness of the tissue. Elastin networks endow blood vessels critical mechanical properties, and are essential to accommodate deformations encountered during physiological functions. Many Pathological conditions involve significant changes in elastin. Therefore it is important to fully characterize and understand the mechanical properties of aorta and its elastin networks. Here we studied, both experimentally and theoretically, the mechanical responses of bovine aorta and its elastin under biaxial loading.
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Timmins, Lucas H., Christopher A. Evagora, James E. Moore, and Stephen E. Greenwald. "Experimental Investigation of Mechanical and Structural Inhomogeneity in Bovine Carotid Arteries." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192480.
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Many constitutive models have been proposed to assess arterial mechanical behavior. Most, however, are largely phenomenological and lack a detailed consideration of arterial wall constituents and the manner in which mechanical loads are distributed amongst them. Recently, strain energy functions (SEF) that consider histological evidence about arterial wall structure have been developed [1,2]. These SEFs incorporate fiber bundle orientation and consider the relative proportions of the major wall constituents to offer a better description of arterial wall deformation. Including histological structure and its affects on arterial elasticity could provide a better understanding of the relationship between arterial structure and function. Further shortcomings in arterial modeling include the assumption that the arterial wall is a homogeneous structure, when in fact it is well known to be a non homogenous, although there are notable exceptions [3,4].
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Lannin, Timothy B., Matthew P. Kelly, and Thomas P. James. "Reciprocating Bone Saw: Effect of Blade Speed on Cutting Rate." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62457.
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Power reciprocating saws are used in surgical procedures to cut bone. Improved cutting rates are desirable in order to reduce operative time and improve patient outcome. A fixture was developed to test the effect of blade speed on cutting rate of bovine cortical bone. It was hypothesized that the volumetric cutting rate would increase in a linear manner for a fixed stroke length and a constant thrust force. A 7.0 N thrust force was applied. The reciprocating stroke length was held constant at 3.0 mm. Using an 18 TPI blade, cutting rate was determined to increase in a slightly non-linear manner, with disproportionately higher cutting rate at higher blade speeds. The data implies that a higher reciprocating frequency may invoke more efficient cutting.
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Kuo, Be-Sheng, Gil Korner, and Thorir D. Bjornsson. "ROLE OF POLYAMINES IN THE REGULATION OF SYNTHESIS AND SECRETION OF PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR FROM BOVINE AORTIC ENDOTHELIAL CELLS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644655.
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The effects of three polyamines, putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM), were investigated on the synthesis and secretion of plasminogen activator (PA) and antiactivator (PAI) activities in confluent bovine aortic endothelial cells. PA activity was determined bythe fibrin plate method, and individual species with PA and PAI activities were separated and visualized using SDS-PAGE with zymography and reverse fibrin autography. Both control cells and cells treated with polyamines secreted PA activity in a time-dependent fashion. After 24-hour incubation, the three polyamines enhanced PA secretion in a dose-dependent manner (10-6 to 2.5 × 10-3 M), with a potency order of SPM > SPD> PUT, as estimated by the fibrin plate method. The maximum PA releases after PUT (0.5 mM), SPD (2.5 mM) and SPM (0.5 mM) were 1.7, 4.5 and 5.4 times control levels, respectively. Concentrations lower than 1 μM had essentially no effects. The enhancement of PA activity by polyamines was blocked by actino-mycin D and cycloheximide, while it was not affected by inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis except that the enhancement by PUT (0.5 mM) was reduced by methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone). These data suggest that polyamines directly stimulate PA synthesis and secretion through promotion of gene transcription and translation, and that this effect appears to be related to their position in the biosynthetic pathway of polyamines. The kinetic patterns of activities of ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosy-methionine decarboxylase in confluent endothelial cells stimulated withfresh culture medium suggest that there is rapid turnover of intracellular polyamines. Multiple forms of secreted PA were observed and both tissue- and urokinase-type PA were enhanced by polyamines, while the PAI activity, as evaluted by reverse fibrin autograpy, was apparently reduced. These experimental results suggest that polyamines may play an important role in the regulation of the synthesis and secretion of plasminogen activators, and that this biological function could be modified by disease states and by agents that are associated with altered polyamine metabolism.
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Kuo, Be-Sheng, Maciej Dryjski, and Thorir D. Bjornsson. "EFFECTS OF NICOTINE AND COTININE ON THE SYNTHESIS AND RELEASE OF PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR FROM BOVINE AORTIC ENDOTHELIAL CELLS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644657.
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While cigarette smoking has beenimplicated in the development of cardiovascular diseases, it has been reported to increase fibrinolytic activity in vivo. However, no data is available regarding the underlying mechanism of action. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of nicotine and its major metabolite, cotinine, on the seretion of plasminogen activator (PA) and PA inhibitor (PAI) by cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. PA activity was determined by the fibrin plate method, and individual molecular species with PA and PAI activities were separated and visualized using SDS-PAGE with zymography and reverse fibrin autography. Both nicotine and cotinine increased PA secretion in a time- and dose-dependent manner. A maximum stimulation in PA secretion after 24-hour incubation was observed for nicotine at 10-8 M and for cotinine at 10-7> M, which corresponded to 2.5- and 2.7-foldincreases over control, respectively. These concentrations are in the range observed after cigarette smoking. The pharmacological stimulation of PA activity required both RNA and protein synthesis, as evidencedby its inhibition by cycloheximide and actinomycin D. Both control cells and cells treated with nicotine and cotinine produced multiple forms of PA and a single form of PAI. The PAI was mainly of the latent form as no quenching effect was observed on standard tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase (UK) after they were mixed with the conditioned culture medium. The PAs werefound to consist of both tPA and UK,and the corresponding complexes with PAI, however, the UK bands were wider than the tPA bands. Both species were enhanced by nicotine and cotinine. Although activities of all species of PA were enhanced by nicotine and cotinine, these compounds had no apparent quantitative or qualitative effects on the release ofPAI. These results thus suggest that the mechanism underlying the enhanced fibrinolytic activity after cigarette smoking may be due to nicotine- and cotinine-induced stimulation of PA synthesis and subsequent release.
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Setty, B. N. Y., and M. J. Stuart. "THE MITOGENIC EFFECT OF 15-HETE ON ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IS MEDIATED VIA DIGLYCERIDE KINASE INHIBITION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643946.
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We have previously demonstrated that 15-HETE, a mitogen for fetal bovine aortic endothelial cells (FBAECs), caused an accumulation of diglyceride (DG). Stimulation of DNA synthesis by 0AG (a synthetic DG analog) suggested that this mitogenic effect was mediated via elevation of cellular DG levels. In the present study we have delineated the mechanism by which 15-HETE causes DG accumulation by evaluating the effects of 15-HETE on the phosphati-dylinositol (PI) cycle. In [3H]inositol labeled cells, 15-HETE caused a decrease in PI content under both basal conditions (27%) and following A23187 stimulation (23%). The accumulation of DG and the decrease in PI suggested activation of phosphilipase C. However, no effect of 15-HETE was found on endothelial cell phos-pholipase C. A modulatory effect of 15-HETE on PI resynthesis was next evaluated using [3H] inositol. In 5 experiments, 15-HETE (30μM) inhibited the synthesis of PI in both unstimulated (51+15%, 1SD, P<0.001) and A23187 stimulated cells (80±19%, P<0.001). DG accumulation and inhibition of PI synthesis suggested a 15-HETE effect on the conversion of DG to phosphatidic acid (PA) via DG kinase. Using endothelial cell membranes as a source of this enzyme, formation of PA was nonlinear with time, suggesting an interference by PA phosphatase on PA formation. Human red cell membranes were therefore used in lieu of FBAECs as a source of DG kinase. In this system, production of PA was inhibited by 15-HETE in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 of 22μM). This is the first report of the presence of a DG kinase inhibitor of biological origin. Our studies also delineate the mechanism by which 15-HETE exerts its mitogenic effect on endothelial cells.
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Bauer, K. A., B. L. Kass, M. Bednarek, M. Kloczewiak, J. Hawiger, and R. D. Rosenberg. "DETECTION OF FACTOR X ACTIVATION IN HUMANS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643828.
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The activation of factor X by factor VII/VIIa-tissue factor or factor IXa plays a pivotal role in the hemostatic mechanism. This reaction results in the liberation of a peptide from the zymogen for which we have developed a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay (RIA), The native peptide was purified from activated human factor X by hydroxylapatite chromatography and reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Gel filtration experiments demonstrated that the peptide was not physically associated with the enzyme. A 15 amino acid peptide with the COOH-terminal sequence of the activation fragment was synthesized using the solid-phase method of Merrifield. Antisera were raised in rabbits to the synthetic analogue coupled to bovine serum albumin with glutaraldehyde. The antibody population obtained was used to construct a double antibody RIA and was able to measure as little as 0.02 nM of this component. The antibody reactivity toward the factor X zymogen was negligible (less than 1/36,000 that of the activation peptide on a molar basis). However because other plasma constituents contributed to a nonspecific basal signal in the RIA, we developed an extraction procedure for the native peptide utilizing perchloric acid. Plasma peptide levels in normal individuals were ∼0.1 nM, and elevations up to 0.8 nM were observed in patients with evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Individuals chronically anticoagulated with coumarin derivatives had plasma levels of this peptide suppressed to ∼0.02 nM. The validity of our measurements of factor X activation in vivo is supported by the fact that the immunoreactive signal migrates on reverse-phase HPLC in a manner identical to that of the native activation peptide and can be quantitatively recovered. This assay should be useful for studying the pathophysiology of thrombotic as well as bleeding disorders in humans.
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Santos, Sâmia Melo, and Alana Rayssa Oliveira Mendes. "RELAÇÃO HOMEM – NATUREZA: FATOR DE CAUSALIDADE DA CRISE AMBIENTAL." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências Farmacêuticas On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1039.
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Introdução: O meio ambiente é fonte de sobrevivência para o homem desde os primórdios, o mesmo retira dele seu sustento, extraindo riquezas naturais como: água, alimentos (frutos, legumes, carne bovina, carne suína, peixes, ovinos etc.). Para melhoramento da agricultura ao longo dos anos, o homem passou fazer o uso de substâncias químicas para acelerar processo de amadurecimento das frutas, evitar pragas e estimular o crescimento. A interferência do homem no meio ambiente acabou por prejudicar sua própria existência, os danos são tão grandes que interferem no processo saúde-doença. Objetivo: Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma revisão de literatura acerca da relação homem – natureza e como a mesma pode afetar a agricultura e interferir no processo saúde-doença. Material e métodos: Para isto, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura nos bancos de dados Scielo e Pubmed. Resultados: Portanto a necessidade humana de desenvolvimento capitalista transformou o meio ambiente em uma moeda de troca levando a uma crise ambiental, na qual a sua própria existência passa a ser questionada. Segundo alguns autores como Balim, o homem primitivo não interferia na natureza sem cautela, sempre tentava manter o equilíbrio, mas ao modernizar seu modo de pensar, começou a estar no centro de tudo, sempre extraindo bens da natureza como se estes não fossem finitos. Conclusão: Esta forma de agir se encaixa em uma perspectiva simplista onde o meio ambiente é apenas um objeto para uso humano, necessitando assim de uma nova visão de mundo para entender que os recursos do planeta são finitos.
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Suttie, W. J., A. Cheung, and M. G. Wood. "ENZYMOLOGY OF THE VITAMIN K-DEPENDENT CARBOXYLASE: CURRENT STATUS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643991.
Full textAbstract:
The vitamin K-dependent microsomal carboxylase converts glutamyl residues in precursor proteins to γ-carboxyglutamyl (Gla) residues in completed proteins. The enzyme activity is present in significant activities in most non-skeletal tissues but has been studied most extensively in rat and bovine liver. Early studies of the enzyme utilized bound precursors of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors as substrates for the enzyme and demonstrated that the enzyme requires the reduced form of vitamin K (vitamin KH2), O2, and CO2. Subsequent investigations have taken advantage of the observation that the enzyme will carboxylate low-molecular-weight peptide substrates with Glu-Glu sequences. Utilizing a substrate such as Phe-Leu-Glu-Glu-Leu, it has been possible to demonstrate that γ-C-H release from the Glu residue of a substrate is independent of CO2 concentration. The formation of vitamin K 2,3-epoxide can also be demonstrated in a crude microsomal system, and it can be shown that the formation of this metabolite can be stimulated by the presence of a peptide substrate of the carboxylase. These observations have led to the general hypothesis that the mechanism of action of the enzyme involves interaction of vitamin KH2 with O2 to form an oxygenated intermediate that can interact with a substrate Glu residue to abstract a γ-hydrogen and in the process he converted to vitamin K epoxide (KO). The current evidence suggests that, either directly or indirectly, removal of the γ-C-H results in the formation of a carbanion at the γ-position of the Glu residue which can interact with CO2 to form Gla. The Glu residue intermediate which is formed can be demonstrated to partition between accepting a proton in the media to reform Glu, or interacting with CO2 to form Gla. Current data do not distinguish between the direct formation of a carbanion coupled to proton removal, or the participation of a reduced intermediate. Recent studies have demonstrated that the enzyme will carry out a partial reaction, the formation of vitamin K epoxide, at a decreased rate in the absence of a Glu site substrate. Epoxide formation under these conditions has the same for O2 as the carboxylation reaction and is inhibited in the same manner as the carboxylation reaction. In the presence of saturating concentrations of a Glu site substrate and C02, the ratio of KO formed, γ-C-H released, and C02 formed is 1:1:1. However, KO formation can be uncoupled from and proceeds at a higher rate than γ-C-H bond cleavage and Gla formation at low Glu site substrate concentrations. At saturating concentrations of CO2, Gla formation is equivalent to γ-C-H bond cleavage, and this unity is not altered by variations in vitamin KH2 or peptide substrate concentrations. Natural compounds with vitamin K activity are 2-Me-l,4-naphthoquinones with a polyprenyl side chain at the 3-position. Studies of vitamin K analogs have demonstrated that a 2-Me group is essential for activity but that the group at the 3-position can vary significantly. Modification of the aromatic ring of the naphthoquinone nucleus by methyl group substitution can result in alterations of either the rate of the carboxylation reaction or the apparent affinity of the enzyme for the vitamin. Studies of a large number of peptide substrates have failed to reveal any unique primary amino acid sequence which is a signal for carboxylation. However, current evidence from a number of sources suggests that a basic amino acid rich "propeptide" region of the intracellular form of the vitamin K-dependent proteins is an essential recognition site for the enzyme. This region of the precursor is lost in subsequent processing, and the manner in which it directs this posttranslational event is not yet clarified. Supported by NIH grant AM-14881.
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Stern, David M., Sara Rimon, Todd Scott, and Peter P. Nawroth. "MODULATION OF ENDOTHELIAL CELL COAGULANT PROPERTIES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642946.
Full textAbstract:
As the cells forming the luminal vascular surface, endothelium is strategically located to play a role in the regulation of coagulation. Participation of endothelium in coagulation involves specific receptors on the cell surface functioning at the level of initiation and propagation of hemostatic reactions. In the anticoagulant protein C pathway, for example, the receptor thrombomodulin initiates thrombin-mediated activation of protein C and a binding site for protein S on bovine endothelium promotes assembly of the functional activated protein C/protein S complex. Endothelium also synthesizes, stores and releases functional protein S constitutively and in response to specific stimuli such as norepinephrine.Since activation of protein C requires thrombin formation in proximity to the vessel wall, we have examined procoagulant reactions on the endothelial cell surface. Endothelium provides a receptor for Factor IX/IXa which is relatively selective for the enzyme form and facilitates Factor IXa-VIII-mediated activation of Factor X. Half-maximal Factor Xa formation occurs at a Factor IXa concentration of 0.4nM on endothelium, whereas lOnM is required on liposomes. This concentration of Factor IXa corresponds to that which results in half-maximal occupancy of endothelial cell Factor IXa binding sites in the presence of Factors VIII and X, thus correlating kinetics and binding measurements. Crosslinking and ligand blotting studies have shown that the receptor is a protein with a molecular weight of ∼160,000. The clinical significance of this receptor is suggested by the moderately severe bleeding disorder observed in a patient with hemophilia B due to an abnormal Factor IX molecule, Factor IXalabama (Factor IXala). Although the coagulant activity of Factor IXala is only mildly decreased on phospholipids, it is severely impaired on endothelium. The affinity of Factor IXala for the endothelial cell Factor X activation complex is decreased by 20-fold compared with the normal enzyme and the binding affinity is similarly decreased. Since the molecular defect in Factor IXala has been previously shown to consist of a single point mutation in the growth factor domain, this indicates a role for the growth factor domain in receptor, recognition.The picture of endothelial cell coagulant properties which emerges from these and other studies is one in which endothelium has either an anticoagulant or procoagulant potential, depending on modulation of receptor expression and release of secreted products. In the quiescent state, anticoagulant mechanisms predominate with only limited amounts of procoagulant activity: there is little tissue factor activity and only a basal level of receptors for Factor IX/lXa. Activation of endothelium by Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) or Interleukin 1 can shift this balance. Tissue factor synthesis and expression occurs in a dose-dependent manner, being half-maximal at a TNF concentration of about 150pM. TNF also increases the number of Factor IX/lXa binding sites. Concomitant with enhancement of endothelial cell procoagulant properties is a suppression of cell surface cofactor activity for the anticoagulant protein C pathway. Endothelial cell-dependent, thrombin-mediated activated protein C formation is decreased by 70-80% and activated protein C-protein S-mediated Factor Va inactivation decreases by over 90%. Following the in vivo infusion of Interleukin 1, similar changes in endothelial cell coagulant properties were observed on aortic segments with fibrin deposition occurring on the functionally altered, but morphologically intact endothelium. This modulation of endothelial cell coagulant properties could underlie the prothrombotic state associated with inflammatory disorders and could also explain the recently observed selective intravascular thrombosis of tumor vasculature seen in vivo in meth A sarcomas after administration of TNF.Thus, although endothelium was initially felt to be hemostatically inert, this apparent lack of activity actually masks a delicate balance of procoagulant and anticoagulant mechanisms. The balance can be effectively shifted by physiologic mediators, such as monokines, which alter receptor expression on the endothelial cell surface. Changes in endothelial cell hemostatic properties may be an early indicator of vessel wall disease and underlie the pathogenesis of localized thrombotic processes.