Journal articles: 'Manx cats'

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Robinson, R. "Expressivity of the Manx Gene in Cats." Journal of Heredity 84, no. 3 (May 1993): 170–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111311.

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Buckingham, Kati J., Margaret J. McMillin, Margaret M. Brassil, Kathryn M. Shively, Kevin M. Magnaye, Alejandro Cortes, Amy S. Weinmann, Leslie A. Lyons, and Michael J. Bamshad. "Multiple mutant T alleles cause haploinsufficiency of Brachyury and short tails in Manx cats." Mammalian Genome 24, no. 9-10 (August 15, 2013): 400–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00335-013-9471-1.

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Aberdein, D., JS Munday, KG Thompson, and RA Fairley. "A lymphoproliferative disease in Manx cats with similarities to autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) in people." New Zealand Veterinary Journal 59, no. 3 (May 2011): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2011.585126.

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Dean, C. E., C. K. Cebra, and A. A. Frank. "Persistent Cloaca and Caudal Spinal Agenesis in Calves: Three Cases." Veterinary Pathology 33, no. 6 (November 1996): 711–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589603300613.

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Three newborn calves were affected by caudal spinal dysgenesis or agenesis (coccygeal vertebra) and persistent cloaca. The cloacas were lined by a mixture of transitional and colonic epithelium. The vertebral column of one calf was internalized into the cloaca. The association of persistent cloaca and caudal spinal anomalies is thought to be related to cell loss in the caudal cell mass, which affects caudal spinal column formation and cleavage of the cloaca by the urorectal septum. This association is well documented in humans and has been reported in Manx cats. By extrapolation, it appears likely to exist also in neonatal calves. Identification of cloacal lesions in neonatal animals should be cause for careful examination of the vertebral column because many of the associated spinal lesions are occult.

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Peñuela, Mauricio, Angie Patiño-Montoya, Andrés Peña-Cruz, and Heiber Cárdenas. "Population genetics in multiple scales: Genetic microstructure of a cat population in Colombia." Genetika 53, no. 1 (2021): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr2101235p.

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Considering of multiples research of genetic in cats, the objective of this study was to compare the genetic diversity of the domestic cat population at different spatial and temporal scales. According to the administrative division of the city of Cali, 8 colonies (localities) were chosen, which together form 5 subpopulations within the city for sampling. The phenotype from each individual?s coat was recognized for the subsequent calculation of allele frequencies, Hardy-Weinberg (HW) equilibrium, genetic structure, and correlated genetic diversity and structure with antiquity in each neighborhood. The non-agouti allele obtained the highest frequencies, and the white allele had the lowest frequencies in all colonies and subpopulations; the manx allele was also reported. HW equilibrium was found in the orange locus, except for the Salomia, Sena and Santa Barbara colonies of the NW subpopulation. A significant association was found between the diversity of the tabby locus and antiquity and the differentiation of the colonies (FCT) with antiquity of colonies. In conclusion, domestic cats in the city of Cali behave as a single population, with incipient genetic microstructure phenomena, which are part of the natural dynamics of the population in their interaction with the urban environment.

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OKUNO, KOKO. "HOW MANY CATS?" ENGLISH LINGUISTICS 3 (1986): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.3.226.

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Woinarski, J. C. Z., B. P. Murphy, R. Palmer, S. M. Legge, C. R. Dickman, T. S. Doherty, G. Edwards, A. Nankivell, J. L. Read, and D. Stokeld. "How many reptiles are killed by cats in Australia?" Wildlife Research 45, no. 3 (2018): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr17160.

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Context Feral cats (Felis catus) are a threat to biodiversity globally, but their impacts upon continental reptile faunas have been poorly resolved. Aims To estimate the number of reptiles killed annually in Australia by cats and to list Australian reptile species known to be killed by cats. Methods We used (1) data from >80 Australian studies of cat diet (collectively >10 000 samples), and (2) estimates of the feral cat population size, to model and map the number of reptiles killed by feral cats. Key results Feral cats in Australia’s natural environments kill 466 million reptiles yr–1 (95% CI; 271–1006 million). The tally varies substantially among years, depending on changes in the cat population driven by rainfall in inland Australia. The number of reptiles killed by cats is highest in arid regions. On average, feral cats kill 61 reptiles km–2 year–1, and an individual feral cat kills 225 reptiles year–1. The take of reptiles per cat is higher than reported for other continents. Reptiles occur at a higher incidence in cat diet than in the diet of Australia’s other main introduced predator, the European red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Based on a smaller sample size, we estimate 130 million reptiles year–1 are killed by feral cats in highly modified landscapes, and 53 million reptiles year–1 by pet cats, summing to 649 million reptiles year–1 killed by all cats. Predation by cats is reported for 258 Australian reptile species (about one-quarter of described species), including 11 threatened species. Conclusions Cat predation exerts a considerable ongoing toll on Australian reptiles. However, it remains challenging to interpret the impact of this predation in terms of population viability or conservation concern for Australian reptiles, because population size is unknown for most Australian reptile species, mortality rates due to cats will vary across reptile species and because there is likely to be marked variation among reptile species in their capability to sustain any particular predation rate. Implications This study provides a well grounded estimate of the numbers of reptiles killed by cats, but intensive studies of individual reptile species are required to contextualise the conservation consequences of such predation.

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Lawson, Gabrielle T., Fritha M. Langford, and Andrea M. Harvey. "The environmental needs of many Australian pet cats are not being met." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 22, no. 10 (December 16, 2019): 898–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x19890189.

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Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate whether Australian cat owners are effectively meeting their cats’ environmental needs and to identify areas of deficiency that may have an impact on the cats’ health and welfare. Methods An online survey investigating lifestyle factors and provision of environmental resources was distributed to Australian cat owners. Results In total, 12,010 respondents, representing cat-owning households, completed the survey. Altogether, 45.5% were single-cat households and 54.5% were multi-cat households, with a mean number of two cats per household. In total, 46.3% of households contained indoor cats, 51.8% contained indoor–outdoor cats and 1.8% had mostly outdoor cats. Dry food was the predominant food type in 59% of households and few respondents fed their cats in a manner that stimulates natural predatory behaviours. Altogether, 17.1% of households reported cats with urinary problems such as haematuria or urethral obstruction, and 19.8% reported inappropriate urination outside of the litter tray. The incidence of urinary problems was found to be significantly increased in multi-cat households, those with a low number of litter trays, less frequent cleaning of the trays of faeces and the use of crystal type litter. The veterinary clinic was the most common place to obtain advice about feeding and toileting management. Conclusions and relevance An increased number of Australian households now contain multiple cats that live restricted or indoor lifestyles. Despite the majority of respondents claiming to have a lot of knowledge about cats and obtaining veterinary advice, deficiencies were identified in toileting facilities and feeding practices, which raises significant welfare concerns. Urinary tract disorders are an important cause of morbidity, mortality and relinquishment and its presence was associated with inadequate toileting facilities. Ongoing education of cat owners and an increased effort by veterinarians to include basic husbandry in preventative care consultations is critical to improving the welfare of pet cats.

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Wah, Wong Yoon, and Jeremy Tiang. "Cast from Paradise." Manoa 26, no. 1 (2014): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/man.2014.0010.

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Stavisky, Jenny. "Too many cats: how owner beliefs contribute to overpopulation." Veterinary Record 174, no. 5 (January 31, 2014): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.g1100.

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Woinarski, J. C. Z., B. P. Murphy, S. M. Legge, S. T. Garnett, M. J. Lawes, S. Comer, C. R. Dickman, et al. "How many birds are killed by cats in Australia?" Biological Conservation 214 (October 2017): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.08.006.

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Woodman, P. C. "Excavations at Cass ny Hawin, a Manx Mesolithic Site, and the Position of the Manx Microlithic Industries." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 53, no. 1 (1987): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00006162.

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The excavation of a mesolithic site at Cass ny Hawin, Isle of Man, is described. Later agriculture had destroyed all but a few features including a hollow, which was certainly artificial but probably not a residential structure. There was an extensive lithic industry, dominated by microliths. The distinctive nature of the Manx microlithic industry is discussed, as well as the subsistence economy and human colonization of the island.

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Campbell, H., and S. MacDonald. "Many children remain unrestrained in cars." BMJ 314, no. 7092 (May 17, 1997): 1483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.314.7092.1483a.

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Withgott, J. "EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY: Cool Cats Lose Out in the Mane Event." Science 297, no. 5585 (August 23, 2002): 1255a—1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.297.5585.1255a.

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Hone, Jim, and Tony Buckmaster. "How many are there? The use and misuse of continental-scale wildlife abundance estimates." Wildlife Research 41, no. 6 (2014): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr14059.

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The number of individuals in a wildlife population is often estimated and the estimates used for wildlife management. The scientific basis of published continental-scale estimates of individuals in Australia of feral cats and feral pigs is reviewed and contrasted with estimation of red kangaroo abundance and the usage of the estimates. We reviewed all papers on feral cats, feral pigs and red kangaroos found in a Web of Science search and in Australian Wildlife Research and Wildlife Research, and related Australian and overseas scientific and ‘grey’ literature. The estimated number of feral cats in Australia has often been repeated without rigorous evaluation of the origin of the estimate. We propose an origin. The number of feral pigs in Australia was estimated and since then has sometimes been quoted correctly and sometimes misquoted. In contrast, red kangaroo numbers in Australia have been estimated by more rigorous methods and the relevant literature demonstrates active refining and reviewing of estimation procedures and management usage. We propose four criteria for acceptable use of wildlife abundance estimates in wildlife management. The criteria are: use of appropriate statistical or mathematical analysis; precision estimated; original source cited; and age (current or out-of-date) of an estimate evaluated. The criteria are then used here to assess the strength of evidence of the abundance estimates and each has at least one deficiency (being out-of-date). We do know feral cats, feral pigs and red kangaroos occur in Australia but we do not know currently how many feral cats or feral pigs are in Australia. Our knowledge of red kangaroo abundance is stronger at the state than the continental scale, and is also out-of-date at the continental scale. We recommend greater consideration be given to whether abundance estimates at the continental scale are needed and to their use, and not misuse, in wildlife management.

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Cancarini, Giovanni, Vincenzo Terlizzi, Anna Garatti, Letizia Zeni, Mattia Tonoli, Elena Pezzini, Francesca Boni, Stefano Possenti, Battista Fabio Viola, and Mario Gaggiotti. "Supportive treatment for cast nephropathy in patients with multiple myeloma; a pilot study." Journal of Nephropharmacology 10, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): e20-e20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/npj.2021.20.

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Introduction: Cast nephropathy is a prevalent cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with myeloma. Objectives: The aim of this study is to define the outcome of a standardized supportive therapy for cast nephropathy. Patients and Methods: Retrospective analysis of the outcome of cast nephropathy in a University hospital for a period of five years. Data analysed; serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; mL/min/1.73 m2 BSA) and need for dialysis. Standardized therapy with the aim of preventing/removing tubular casts; fluid administration and mannitol to increase urine flow, sodium bicarbonate to alkalize the urine and low dose steroid to reduce peritubular inflammation. Statistical analysis: Student’s t-test or the Mann-Whitney test according to data distribution. A two-tailed P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Survival curve was drawn according to Kaplan and Meier. Results: Twenty-seven cases were reviewed. Upon admission, mean serum creatinine was 7.1±4.9 mg/dL and mean eGFR 6±4 mL/min/1.73 m2 BSA; 30% of patients had oligo-anuria. Diagnosis of cast nephropathy was presumptive in 23 patients, and renal biopsy proven in four. Hemodialysis was required by 10 (37%) patients, two of whom continued dialysis after discharge. At discharge, serum creatinine was 3.7±2.5 mg/dL and eGFR 20±13 mL/min/1.73 m2 BSA (P=0.002), and after a median of 3.4 months, the values were 2.9±2.1 mg/dL and 35±32 mL/min/1.73 m2 BSA, respectively. Patient survival was 60% after 24 months. Conclusion: Administration of fluid, mannitol, sodium bicarbonate and low-dose steroid may improve the outcome of cast nephropathy. Despite the fact that the study has many limitations, its findings could be the base for prospective controlled trials on cast nephropathy and could be useful in those countries where the expensive extracorporeal treatments are not available.

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Yu, Lucia, Lauren Lacorcia, Sue Finch, and Thurid Johnstone. "Assessment of treatment outcomes in hyperthyroid cats treated with an orally administered fixed dose of radioiodine." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 22, no. 8 (November 4, 2019): 744–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x19884155.

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Objectives The aims of this study were to describe the treatment outcomes following oral administration of a fixed dose (138 MBq; 3.7 mCi) of radioiodine in hyperthyroid cats and to examine the correlation between total thyroxine (TT4) concentrations before and after treatment. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study that documented the TT4 concentration and clinicopathological parameters at the time of diagnosis and after treatment. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between TT4 concentrations before and after treatment. The difference in pre- and post-treatment variables between cats that had TT4 concentrations below or within the reference interval (RI) was compared by the Mann–Whitney U-test. Results Of 161 cats, 133 (82.6%) cats had TT4 concentrations within the RI, four (2.5%) cats had TT4 concentrations above the RI and 24 (14.9%) cats had TT4 concentrations below the RI after treatment. The severity of hyperthyroidism at diagnosis, as measured by the percentage of TT4 elevation above the upper limit of the RI, had no impact on the odds of cats having low TT4 concentrations after treatment (odds ratio 1.00; 95% confidence interval 0.96–1.05; P = 0.828). Conclusions and relevance When using an orally administered fixed dose of radioiodine for the treatment of feline hyperthyroidism, TT4 concentrations at diagnosis cannot be used to predict TT4 concentrations after treatment. The proportion of cats with TT4 concentrations below the lower limit of the RI after treatment was 14.9%. Further work is required to optimise oral radioiodine dosing to achieve maximal euthyroid outcomes.

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Urbani, Lorenza, Alessandro Tirolo, Daniela Salvatore, Michele Tumbarello, Sofia Segatore, Mara Battilani, Andrea Balboni, and Francesco Dondi. "Serological, molecular and clinicopathological findings associated with Leishmania infantum infection in cats in Northern Italy." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 22, no. 10 (January 20, 2020): 935–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x19895067.

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Objectives The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of Leishmania species infection in cats in Northern Italy and to evaluate the associations between infection and signalment and clinicopathological data. Methods The study was carried out in a veterinary university hospital from June to November 2017. Blood, urine, conjunctival swabs and hair were collected from all randomly selected cats. Leishmania species infection was evaluated using the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), setting a cut-off value of 1:80, and using real-time PCR on blood, conjunctival and hair samples. A complete blood count, serum chemistry profile, serum electrophoresis and urinalysis were also carried out. The cats were grouped on the basis of the results of the diagnostic criteria adopted in positive, negative and unconfirmed Leishmania cases. Non-parametric variables and continuous data were compared among the study groups using the χ2 test and the Mann–Whitney U-test, respectively. Results One hundred and fifty-two cats were included. Nineteen of the 152 (12.5%) cats were positive (18/152 [11.8%] showed an IFAT titre of ⩾1:80 and 1/152 [0.7%] was real-time PCR-positive from a hair sample); 106/152 (69.7%) cats were negative; and 27/152 (17.8%) cats were unconfirmed for Leishmania species. Total proteins, beta2-globulin and gamma-globulin were significantly increased in the positive Leishmania group compared with the negative group. Conclusions and relevance The results of the present study demonstrated the spread of Leishmania infantum infection in cats in Northern Italy. Hyperproteinaemia and hypergammaglobulinaemia appeared to be significant clinicopathological abnormalities in this population of cats with L infantum infection.

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Silva, Adelina Maria da, Wilson Machado de Souza, Roberto Gameiro de Carvalho, Gisele Fabrino Machado, and Silvia Helena Venturoli Perri. "Morphological aspects of tympanic bulla after lateral osteotomy in cats." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 23, no. 2 (April 2008): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502008000200014.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate tympanic bulla healing after experimental lateral osteotomy in cats. METHODS: Twenty adult cats were submitted to unilateral lateral bulla osteotomy and divided into two groups: cats of B1 group (n=10) were euthanized at 8 weeks and cats of B2 group (n=10), at 16 weeks postoperative. RESULTS: Oblique lateral radiographs taken immediately postoperative showed interruption in the contour of the external acoustic meatus of the operated bullae in all cats of both groups (McNemar test: p=0.0010*). This feature was still observed in the radiographs taken after 8 and 16 weeks postoperative (McNemar test: B1 p=0.0020*; B2 p=0.0312*). Macroscopic examination showed that the operated bullae were similar to the normal ones, with preservation of the tympanic cavity. Connective tissue at the osteotomy site was significantly found in the operated bullae in both groups (McNemar test: B1 p=0.0020*; B2 p=0.0010*). The length of connective tissue at the osteotomy site was measured by histomorphometry. There was no statistically significant difference between the values of B1 group and B2 group (Mann-Whitney test: p=0.0524). CONCLUSIONS: Experimental lateral osteotomy did not alter significantly the tympanic bulla conformation and complete regeneration of the tympanic bulla frequently did not occur before 16 weeks of postoperative period.

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Marques, Virgínia I., Renata N. Cassu, Felipe F. Nascimento, Rafaela C. P. Tavares, Giulliane C. Crociolli, Rafael C. Guilhen, and Gabriel M. Nicácio. "Laser Acupuncture for Postoperative Pain Management in Cats." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/653270.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate laser acupuncture as an adjuvant for postoperative pain management in cats. Twenty cats, undergoing ovariohysterectomy, were sedated with intramuscular (IM) ketamine (5 mg kg−1), midazolam (0.5 mg kg−1), and tramadol (2 mg kg−1). Prior to induction of anaesthesia, the subjects were randomly distributed into two groups of 10 cats: Laser: bilateral stomach 36 and spleen 6 acupoints were stimulated with infrared laser; Control: no acupuncture was applied. Anaesthesia was induced using intravenous propofol (4 mg kg−1) and maintained with isoflurane. Postoperative analgesia was evaluated by a blinded assessor for 24 h following extubation using the Dynamic Interactive Visual Analogue Scale and Multidimensional Composite Pain Scale. Rescue analgesia was provided with IM tramadol (2 mg kg−1), and the pain scores were reassessed 30 min after the rescue intervention. If the analgesia remained insufficient, meloxicam (0.2 mg kg−1IM, single dose) was administered. Data were analyzed usingt-tests, the Mann-Whitney test, and the Friedman test (P<0.05). The pain scores did not differ between groups. However, postoperative supplemental analgesia was required by significantly more cats in the Control (5/10) compared with the Laser group (1/10) (P=0.038). Laser acupuncture reduced postoperative analgesic requirements in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

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Xue, Di, Qian Hu, and Keith Waldrop. "from Cat's Eye in a Splintered Mirror." Manoa 15, no. 1 (2003): 70–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/man.2003.0117.

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Benson, Kellyi K., Jessica M. Quimby, Kristy L. Dowers, Liberty G. Sieberg, Joshua B. Daniels, Catherine E. Langston, Paul J. Lunghofer, and Daniel L. Gustafson. "Pilot study of side effects and serum and urine concentrations of amoxicillin–clavulanic acid in azotemic and non-azotemic cats." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 22, no. 8 (October 29, 2019): 729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x19881537.

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Objectives The aims of this study were to determine the side effect frequency and serum and urine drug concentrations of amoxicillin–clavulanic acid in cats with and without azotemic chronic kidney disease (azCKD). Methods Owners whose cats had been prescribed amoxicillin–clavulanic acid completed a survey regarding the occurrence and type of side effects, and whether treatment was altered as a result. Cats were defined as azCKD (serum creatinine concentration >2.0 mg/dl, urine specific gravity [USG] <1.035 with a clinical diagnosis of chronic kidney disease) and without azCKD (serum creatinine concentration <2.0 mg/dl). Data were assessed with Fisher’s exact test. Serum and urine samples were obtained from client-owned cats with azCKD (n = 6) and without azCKD (n = 6, serum creatinine concentration <1.8 mg/dl, USG >1.035) that were receiving amoxicillin–clavulanic acid. Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid were measured with liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and compared between groups with a Mann–Whitney test. Correlation between serum creatinine and drug concentrations in urine and serum was determined using Spearman’s rank test. Results Sixty-one surveys were returned (11 azCKD cats and 50 without azCKD cats). No significant difference in the presence of side effects or type of side effects was seen between groups; however, significantly more azCKD cats had more than one side effect ( P = 0.02). More owners of azCKD cats reported that an alteration in treatment plan was necessitated by side effects (55% vs 12%; P = 0.008). Urine amoxicillin was significantly lower in cats with azCKD ( P = 0.01) and serum amoxicillin trended toward significance ( P = 0.07). Serum amoxicillin concentration was positively correlated with serum creatinine ( P = 0.02; r = 0.62) and urine amoxicillin concentration was negatively correlated with serum creatinine ( P = 0.01; r = –0.65). Conclusions and relevance The data suggest that cats with azCKD have altered pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin, which may contribute to an increased incidence of multiple side effects.

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Silva, Adelina Maria da, Wilson Machado de Souza, Roberto Gameiro de Carvalho, Gisele Fabrino Machado, and Silvia Helena Venturoli Perri. "Morphological aspects of tympanic bulla after ventral osteotomy in cats." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 24, no. 3 (June 2009): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502009000300003.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate tympanic bulla healing after experimental ventral osteotomy in cats. METHODS: Twenty adult cats were submitted to unilateral ventral bulla osteotomy and divided into two groups: cats of A1 group (n=10) were euthanized at 8 weeks and cats of A2 group (n=10), at 16 weeks postoperative. RESULTS: Signs of Horner's syndrome or damage to the inner ear were not found. Open-mouth radiographs taken in the immediate postoperative showed interruption in the contour of the larger compartment of the operated bulla. The result of Mcnemar'test was significant in A2 group (*p=0.0156). Macroscopic exams revealed that the operated bullae were similar to the normal ones, with preservation of the tympanic cavity. Connective tissue at the osteotomy site of the larger compartment was significantly found in the operated bullae in both groups (McNemar test: A1 p=0.0020*; A2 p=0.0078*). Histomorphometric analyses showed that the connective tissue length at the osteotomy site was shorter in A2 group than in the A1 group (Mann-Whitney test: p=0.0021*). CONCLUSIONS: Experimental ventral osteotomy did not alter significantly the tympanic bulla conformation and complete regeneration of tympanic bulla frequently did not occur before 16 weeks of postoperative period.

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Rushton, Jessica G., Reinhard Ertl, Dieter Klein, Alexander Tichy, and Barbara Nell. "Circulating cell-free DNA does not harbour a diagnostic benefit in cats with feline diffuse iris melanomas." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 21, no. 2 (March 13, 2018): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x18762017.

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Objectives Feline diffuse iris melanoma (FDIM) is the most common malignant primary intraocular tumour in cats, with reported metastases rates between 19% and 63%. Currently, the only available diagnostic tool for a tentative diagnosis is histopathological examination of the enucleated eye. Therefore, the veterinary ophthalmologist is often faced with the dilemma of whether to enucleate an oftentimes visual eye or to continue monitoring, with the risk of metastases developing. In the past, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) gained more attention in human medicine, especially in the field of oncology. Prior studies have shown the use of cfDNA as diagnostic or prognostic markers in canine and human cancer patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate cfDNA concentration and integrity in cats with FDIMs compared with cats with benign iris naevi and without ocular abnormalities. Methods cfDNA from plasma of cats with iris melanoma (n = 34), iris naevus (n = 30) and without ocular abnormalities (n = 32) were extracted. Primer and probes for feline amyloid beta precursor protein ( APP) and beta actin ( ACTB) were designed for amplicons of various lengths and quantitative PCRs of extracted cfDNA were performed to measure cfDNA concentration and integrity of the plasma samples. Differences of cfDNA concentrations and integrity levels between the three groups (iris melanoma, iris naevi and controls) were analysed using the Mann–Whitney U-test. Results cfDNA concentration and integrity analysis revealed no significant differences between the cats with iris melanoma, iris naevus or the control group ( P >0.01). Cats with metastases showed similar cfDNA concentration and integrity to cats without metastases. Conclusions and relevance cfDNA concentration and integrity seem to be insufficient as a diagnostic or prognostic marker in cats with FDIMs.

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Mahdmina, Alaleh, Abigail Evans, David Yates, and Kate L. White. "Comparison of the effects of buprenorphine and methadone in combination with medetomidine followed by intramuscular alfaxalone for anaesthesia of cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 22, no. 2 (February 5, 2019): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x19826357.

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Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the quality of anaesthesia and analgesia between methadone and buprenorphine in combination with medetomidine after induction with intramuscular (IM) alfaxalone in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Methods Fifty-one female cats (American Society of Anesthesiologists status I–II), with a median age of 12 months (range 2–60 months), weighing a mean ± SD of 2.5 ± 0.5 kg, were recruited to the study. Cats were randomly allocated to receive medetomidine (600 µg/m2) and buprenorphine (180 µg/m2) (group MB) or medetomidine (500 µg/m2) and methadone (5 mg/m2) (group MM) IM. Anaesthesia was induced 15 mins later using alfaxalone (3 mg/kg) IM. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. All cats received meloxicam preoperatively. Quality of premedication and induction and intraoperative physiological parameters were recorded. Atipamezole (50% of medetomidine dose) was administered at the end of surgery. Cats were assessed postoperatively by the same blinded observer using a simple descriptive scale, numeric rating scale, dynamic interactive visual analogue scale (DIVAS) and UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional composite pain scales, at 10, 20 and 30 mins post-extubation. Parametric and non-parametric data were compared using Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney U-tests, respectively. Results Forty-one cats completed the study. No significant differences were detected between groups before or during anaesthesia. No cats required rescue analgesia. DIVAS scores at 10 mins were significantly less in the MM group compared with the MB. No differences between groups at any other time points were detected using the four metrology instruments. Conclusions and relevance Both protocols provided good anaesthesia conditions for ovariohysterectomy in the cat.

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Bauquier, Sébastien H., Leon N. Warne, Jennifer E. Carter, Ted Whittem, and Thierry Beths. "Influence of two administration rates of alfaxalone at induction on its relative potency in cats: a pilot study." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 19, no. 2 (July 9, 2016): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x15606494.

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Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate, in a controlled, randomised, masked clinical trial, the influence of administration rate of alfaxalone at induction on its relative potency in cats and to report the incidence of cardiorespiratory adverse effects. Methods Twelve healthy female domestic cats admitted for ovariohysterectomy were premedicated with buprenorphine 20 µg/kg intramuscularly and alfaxalone 3.0 mg/kg subcutaneously. Sedation scores were established (using a published scale ranging from 1 [no sedation] to 5 [profound sedation]) prior to anaesthesia induction with alfaxalone intravenously at 2 mg/kg/min (group A2; n = 6) or 0.5 mg/kg/min (group A0.5; n = 6) to effect until orotracheal intubation was achieved. Sedation scores and alfaxalone induction doses were compared between the groups, using a Mann–Whitney exact test. Results are reported as median and range. Presence of apnoea (no breathing for more than 30 s) or hypotension (mean arterial blood pressure <60 mmHg) within 5 mins postintubation was also reported. Results Although sedation scores (1.5 [range 1.0–3.0] and 2.5 [range 1.0–3.0] for A2 and A0.5, respectively) were not significantly different ( P = 0.32), cats in group A2 required significantly more alfaxalone (4.3 mg/kg [range 3.4–7.0 mg/kg]) than group A0.5 (2.1 mg/kg [range 1.5–2.5 mg/kg]) ( P = 0.002). Two cats in each group presented postinduction apnoea, and two cats in group A2 and three cats in group A0.5 presented postinduction hypotension. Conclusions and relevance The use of a slower induction infusion rate resulted in an increase in the alfaxalone relative potency without obvious cardiorespiratory benefit.

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Reyes, Antonio Jose, Kanterpersad Ramcharan, Stanley Lawrence Giddings, Samuel Aboh, and Fidel Rampersad. "Myoclonic Jerks, Exposure to Many Cats, and Neurotoxoplasmosis in an Immunocompetent Male." Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements 8 (January 5, 2018): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/tohm.408.

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Legge, S., B. P. Murphy, H. McGregor, J. C. Z. Woinarski, J. Augusteyn, G. Ballard, M. Baseler, et al. "Enumerating a continental-scale threat: How many feral cats are in Australia?" Biological Conservation 206 (February 2017): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.11.032.

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Farnworth, Mark J. "Cats have many lives: Applying behaviour to explore the cat-human relationship." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 173 (December 2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2015.08.029.

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Silva, Adelina Maria da, Wilson Machado de Souza, Patrícia de Athayde Barnabé, Marion Burkhardt de Koivisto, and Nair Trevizan Machado de Souza. "Miniplate 1.5 fixation for the repair of mandibular osteotomies in cats." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 26, no. 1 (February 2011): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502011000100007.

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Purpose: To evaluate the application of the maxillofacial miniplate 1.5 in the repair of unilateral mandibular osteotomies in cats. Methods: Twelve adult cats were divided into two groups. In group 1 (n=6), the osteotomy was performed in the body of the mandible, behind the 1st molar. In group 2 (n=6), the osteotomy was performed between the 4th premolar and 1st molar. The osteotomy was fixed with a titanium miniplate 1.5. Oral alimentation was reinitiated 24 hours after surgery. Cats were euthanized at 12 weeks postoperative. Results: Radiographs taken 1 week after surgery showed a radiolucent line. The osteotomy line was not more visible on the radiographs taken at 12 weeks postoperative. Macroscopic examination confirmed alignment and bone union of operated hemimandibles. Histological examination showed formation of woven bone within the osteotomy line. The percentage of bone tissue at these areas was measured by the histometry. There was no statistically significant difference between the values of group 1(75.07 ± 5.99) and group 2 (74.76 ± 8.54) (Mann-Whitney's test p= 0.469). Conclusion: We concluded that the use of miniplate 1.5 for the fixation of mandibular osteotomy in cats provided the main goals in the treatment of mandibular fractures: bone union, normal dental occlusion and immediate return to oral alimentation.

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Lisoněk, Petr. "Binary caps with many free pairs of points." Journal of Combinatorial Designs 14, no. 6 (2006): 490–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcd.20117.

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Bhalla, Rebecca J., Toby A. Trimble, Elizabeth A. Leece, and Enzo Vettorato. "Comparison of intramuscular butorphanol and buprenorphine combined with dexmedetomidine for sedation in cats." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 20, no. 4 (May 26, 2017): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x17709612.

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Objectives The objective of this study was to compare the sedative effect of butorphanol–dexmedetomidine with buprenorphine–dexmedetomidine following intramuscular (IM) administration in cats. Methods Using a prospective, randomised, blinded design, 40 client-owned adult cats were assigned to receive IM dexmedetomidine (10 µg/kg) combined with either butorphanol (0.4 mg/kg) (‘BUT’ group) or buprenorphine (20 µg/kg) (‘BUP’ group). Sedation was scored using a previously published multidimensional composite scale before administration (T0) and 5, 10, 15 and 20 mins afterwards (T5, T10, T15 and T20, respectively). Alfaxalone (1.5 mg/kg) was administered IM at T20 if the cat was not deemed adequately sedated to place an intravenous catheter. Adverse events were recorded. Friedman two-way ANOVA analysed sedation scores within groups. Mann–Whitney Rank Sum test compared sedation scores between groups; Fisher’s exact test analysed the frequency of alfaxalone administration and adverse events. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Sedation scores between groups were similar at baseline, but at T5, T10, T15 and T20 scores were higher in the BUT group ( P <0.01). Within both groups, sedation scores changed over time and the highest sedation scores were reached at T10. Requirement for additional sedation was similar between groups: two cats in the BUT group and five cats in the BUP group. One cat and 11 cats vomited ( P = 0.002) in the BUT and BUP groups, respectively. No other adverse events were recorded. Conclusions and relevance At these doses, IM buprenorphine–dexmedetomidine provides inferior sedation and a higher incidence of vomiting than butorphanol–dexmedetomidine in cats. Butorphanol–dexmedetomidine may be preferred for feline sedation, especially where vomiting is contraindicated.

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Torgun, P. M., D. B. Nikityuk, S. V. Klochkova, N. T. Alexeeva, A. G. Kvaratskheliya, D. A. Sokolov, I. A. Ul'yanov, A. D. Teptsova, A. S. Tkachenko, and M. V. Goryainova. "Age Dependency of Spermatogenesis Efficiency in Cats." Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2020-9-1-64-68.

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The purpose of this study is to study the efficiency of spermatogenesis in old and young cats in various seasons of the yearMaterial and methods. The material has been collected from 16 cats of different ages in winter and summer periods in Voronezh veterinary clinics while animals being sterilized. The testicles were fixed in Shtiva’s liquid and Buen’s liquid. The material was poured into paraffin and a series of paraffin sections 4–5 μm thick were prepared. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, iron hematoxylin, Heidengain azane, trichrome-PAS reaction and tetrachrome-PAS reaction. By means of a helical eyepiece-micrometer, the diameter of the testicles tubules and the epididymis (50 measurements for each animal) were measured. To determine the effectiveness of spermatogenesis at an increase in 900 times, the number of first-order spermatocytes in the zigotene and pachitene stage, early spermatid (50 canals for each animal) was estimated. The normality of the distribution was determined using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and the Lilliefors adjustment. The measurement results were processed using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U-criteria. Changes at Р<0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results. The maximum diameter of the testicular tubules and the canal of the epididymis was found in animals at two years of age. These parameters in cats at the age of 8 years are reduced by 29.2%, and by17.0%, respectively. Comparing the number of dying cells in old and young animals, it can be noted that in cats at the age of 8 years the number of dying spermatids increases, while spermatogenesis efficiency decrease is statistically significant (by 19.1%).

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Sudipa, Putu Henrywaesa, Ketut Tono Pasek Gelgel, and Putu Devi Jayanti. "Identifikasi dan Prevalensi Jamur Curvularia pada Anjing dan Kucing di Kabupaten Badung, Bali Tahun 2020." Indonesia Medicus Veterinus 10, no. 3 (May 31, 2021): 432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.19087/imv.2021.10.3.432.

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Curvularia adalah genus Pleosporalean monophyletic dengan banyak jenis spesies, termasuk jenis fitopatogenik, jamur patogen pada hewan dan manusia. Curvularia juga menyebabkan phaeohyphomycosis yang mana ditemukan pada invertebrata, vertebrata berdarah dingin, burung dan spesies mamalia termasuk ruminansia, kuda, anjing, kucing dan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengetahui prevalensi Curvularia pada anjing dan kucing. Sampel diambil dengan cara menggunakan teknik sitologi kulit dengan menggunakan plester selotip (tape) yang ditempelkan pada bagian tubuh yang mengalami infeksi jamur kemudian ditempelkan pada gelas objek yang sudah diberikan beberapa tetes pewarna methylene blue. Sampel menggunakan 34 sampel (26 ekor anjing dan 8 ekor kucing) dan sampel diperiksa dibawah mikroskop cahaya dengan pembesaran 100 kali. Pemeriksaan mikroskopis sampel melihat karakteristik jamur, terutama pigmentasi, septasi, morfologi, ukuran hifa, konidiofor dan konidia. Dari data jenis jamur yang teridentifikasi kemudian data ditabulasi dan dijelaskan secara deskriptif. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah prevalensi Curvularia pada anjing adalah 19%, pada kucing 50% dan total infeksi Curvularia dari seluruh sampel berjumlah 26%. Culvularia yang teridentifikasi adalah tipe konidia tipikal yang bentuk konidiumnya obovoid, melengkung, agak membengkak pada satu sel, gelap, dan dindingnya tebal dan tipe konidia atipikal yang bentuknya lurus dan menyempit ke arah ujung, konidiofor tidak bercabang, dan berbentuk zigzag serta jumlah septa berjumlah 3-4 atau eusepta.

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Francescotti, Robert. "Maximality, Function, and the Many." Metaphysica 20, no. 2 (October 25, 2019): 175–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mp-2019-2016.

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Abstract In the region where some cat sits, there are many very cat-like items that are proper parts of the cat (or otherwise mereologically overlap the cat), but which we are inclined to think are not themselves cats, e.g. all of Tibbles minus the tail. The question is, how can something be so cat-like without itself being a cat. Some have tried to answer this “Problem of the Many” (a problem that arises for many different kinds of things we regularly encounter, including desks, persons, rocks, and clouds) by relying on a mereological maximality principle, according to which, something cannot be a member of a kind K if it is a large proper part of, or otherwise greatly mereologically overlaps, a K. It has been shown, however, that a maximality constraint of this type, i.e. one that restricts mereological overlap, is open to strong objections. Inspired by the insights of, especially, Sutton and Madden, I develop a type of functional-maximality principle that avoids these objections (and has other merits), and thereby provides a better answer to the Problem of the Many.

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Silva, Adelina Maria da, Wilson Machado de Souza, Marion Burkhardt de Koivisto, Patrícia de Athayde Barnabé, and Nair Trevizan Machado de Souza. "Miniplate fixation for the repair of segmental mandibular defects filled with autogenous bone in cats." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 26, no. 3 (June 2011): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502011000300004.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of maxillofacial miniplate 1.5 in the repair of segmental mandibular defects filled with autogenous bone in cats. METHODS: Twelve adult cats were divided into two groups. A segmental defect of 4mm was created in one of the hemimandibles and filled with autogenous iliac crest bone graft. The operated hemimandible was fixed with a 1.5mm titanium miniplate. In group 1 (n=6), the defect was performed in the body of the mandible, behind the 1st molar. In group 2 (n=6), the defect was performed between the 4nd premolar and 1st molar, with extraction of the 1st molar. Oral alimentation was reinitiated 24 hours after surgery. Cats were euthanized at 20 weeks postoperative. RESULTS: Incorporation of the graft was suggested by the radiographs taken 20 weeks after surgery. Macroscopic examination confirmed alignment and bone union of operated hemimandibles. Histological examination showed formation of woven bone in rostral and caudal mandible/graft interfaces. The percentage of bone tissue at these areas was measured by the histometry. There was no statistically significant difference between the values of group 1(64.48 ± 4.51) and group 2 (71.69 ± 14.47) (Mann-Whitney's test p= 0.294). CONCLUSION: The use of miniplate 1.5 for the fixation of mandibular defects filled with autogenous bone in cats provided the main goals in the treatment of mandibular fractures: bone union, normal dental occlusion and immediate return to oral alimentation.

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Baxter, RT, NC Lawson, D. Cakir, P. Beck, LC Ramp, and JO Burgess. "Evaluation of Outgassing, Tear Strength, and Detail Reproduction in Alginate Substitute Materials." Operative Dentistry 37, no. 5 (September 1, 2012): 540–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/11-365-l.

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SUMMARY Objective To compare three alginate substitute materials to an alginate impression material for cast surface porosity (outgassing), tear strength, and detail reproduction. Materials and Methods Detail reproduction tests were performed following American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association (ANSI/ADA) Specification No. 19. To measure tear strength, 12 samples of each material were made using a split mold, placed in a water bath until testing, and loaded in tension until failure at a rate of 500 mm/min using a universal testing machine. For cast surface porosity testing, five impressions of a Teflon mold with each material were placed in a water bath (37.8°C) for the in-mouth setting time and poured with vacuum-mixed Silky Rock die stone at 5, 10, 30, and 60 minutes from the start of mixing. The gypsum samples were analyzed with a digital microscope for surface porosity indicative of hydrogen gas release by comparing the surface obtained at each interval with four casts representing no, little, some, and significant porosity. Data analysis was performed using parametric and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey/Kramer post-hoc tests (α=0.05), and individual Mann-Whitney U tests (α=0.0167). Results All alginate substitute materials passed the detail reproduction test. Tear strength of the alginate substitute materials was significantly better than alginate and formed three statistically different groups: AlgiNot had the lowest tear strength, Algin-X Ultra had the highest tear strength, and Position Penta Quick had intermediate tear strength. Significant variation in outgassing existed between materials and pouring times (p<0.05). All alginate substitute materials exhibited the least outgassing and cast porosity 60 minutes after mixing. Conclusions Detail reproduction and tear strength of alginate substitute materials were superior to traditional alginate. The outgassing effect was minimal for most materials tested. Alginate substitute materials are superior replacements for irreversible hydrocolloid.

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Parkes, Graham. "A cast of many: Nietzsche and depth-psychological pluralism." Man and World 22, no. 4 (December 1989): 453–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01250624.

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Sarraille, William A. "Poorly Reasoned California Opinion Casts Doubt on Many Arrangements." January 2000 1;3, no. 1;1 (January 14, 2000): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2000/3/100.

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Frykfors von Hekkel, Anna K., and Zoë J. Halfacree. "Thoracic dog bite wounds in cats: a retrospective study of 22 cases (2005–2015)." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 22, no. 2 (February 26, 2019): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x19831835.

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Objectives The aim of this study was to describe a series of cats suffering from thoracic dog bite wounds, in order to detail the clinical, radiographic and surgical findings, and evaluate outcomes and factors associated with mortality. Methods The medical records of cats with thoracic dog bite wounds presenting to a single institution between 2005 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Data relating to clinical presentation, wound depth and management, radiographic findings, surgical findings and mortality were collected. Wound depth was defined as no external wound, superficial, deep or penetrating, and wound management was defined as conservative, exploratory or thoracic exploration. Statistical analyses were performed using Fisher’s exact test, the Mann–Whitney U-test and the χ2 test. Results Twenty-two cats were included, of which two were euthanased on presentation. In cats where wound depth could be assessed (21/22), six had no external wounds, four had superficial wounds, three had deep wounds and eight suffered penetrating wounds. Sixteen cats also suffered wounds elsewhere, most commonly to the abdomen. Neither an abdominal wound nor abdominal surgery were associated with mortality. Pneumothorax was the most common radiographic finding (11/18). Individual radiographic lesions were not significantly associated with respiratory pattern, presence of pseudo-flail, need for thoracotomy or lung lobectomy, or survival. The presence of ⩾3 radiographic lesions was associated with the presence of a penetrating wound ( P = 0.025) and with having thoracic exploration ( P = 0.025). Local exploration was performed in 7/20 cats, while 8/20 underwent thoracic exploration. Wound management type was not significantly associated with mortality. Overall mortality rate was 27%. Conclusions and relevance Presence of ⩾3 radiographic lesions should raise suspicion of a penetrating injury and may be suggestive of injury requiring a greater level of intervention. The treating veterinarian should have a high index of suspicion for penetrating injury and be prepared in case thoracic exploratory surgery is necessary, particularly in the presence of pseudo-flail chest, pneumothorax or ⩾3 radiographic lesions.

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Lucas, John Scott. "TROVAS LEMOSINAS OR LLENGUA CATALANA: MAJADEROS DE CASTILLA AND THE MANY NAMES FOR THE CATALAN LANGUAGE." Catalan Review 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.20.17.

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Previous attempts to understand the usage of the terms Catalan, Provençal, Occitan, and Limousin and the languages these designations represent have fallen short of any real analysis. Most scholars to date have either presented historical data without linguistic explication or have attempted to use the data to argue for particular political views on the question of Catalan and its many names. The present study of the names used for Catalan in different regions and at different times helps us understand the relationship of diglossia that existed between the Occitan and Catalan languages for about two hundred years and bears witness to the emergence of linguistic consciousness in Catalonia and in Valencia from the early Middle Ages to the Nineteenth Century.

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Kaas, Jon H. "The future of mapping sensory cortex in primates: three of many remaining issues." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360, no. 1456 (April 29, 2005): 653–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1624.

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After 100 years of progress in understanding the organization of cerebral cortex, three issues have persisted over the last 35 years, which are revisited in this paper. First, is V3 an established or questionable area of visual cortex? Second, does taste cortex include part of area 3b (S1 proper) and other somatosensory areas? Third, is primary auditory cortex, A1, of primates the homologue of A1 in cats? The existence of such questions about even the early stages of cortical processing reflects the difficulties in mapping cerebral cortex, and reminds us that the era of basic discovery is far from over.

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Bynum, Caroline W. "“Crowned with Many Crowns” Nuns and Their Statues in Late-Medieval Wienhausen." Catholic Historical Review 101, no. 1S (2015): 18–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cat.2015.0038.

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Voutsinou, Agni, Lysimachos G. Papazoglou, Ioannis Antonopoulos, and Timoleon S. Rallis. "Clinical topographical anatomy of the gastro-oesophageal junction in the cat." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 20, no. 4 (May 3, 2017): 308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x17706799.

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Objectives The purpose of the present study was to describe histologically the gastro-oesophageal junction in the cat and interrelationships of this region. Our hypothesis was that cats are devoid of abdominal oesophagus. Methods Three centimetres of the terminal oesophagus, the phreno-oesophageal membrane with 1–2 cm margins of the diaphragmatic crural muscle and the proximal 3 cm of the gastric cardia were obtained from nine domestic shorthair cats and one domestic longhair cat that were euthanased for reasons other than digestive tract pathology. Longitudinal samples were examined histologically. Evaluated parameters included the location of the phreno-oesophageal membrane with reference to the transition between the oesophageal and gastric mucosa, the thickness of the circumferential smooth muscle of the muscular layer of the distal oesophagus at points 3 mm and 6 mm cranial to the mucosa transition, and the thickness of the circumferential smooth muscle layer at the mucosa transition level. Median differences in the thickness of the smooth muscle layer were compared by performing non-parametric statistical analysis using the Mann–Whitney U-test. Results The transition of the oesophageal to gastric mucosa was abrupt and corresponded to the point of insertion of the phreno-oesophageal membrane at the diaphragm level in all cats. The mean thickness of the circumferential smooth muscle layer at the point of oesophageal to gastric mucosa transition was significantly greater than the mean thickness of the oesophageal circumferential smooth muscle layer at 3 mm and 6 mm cranial to the mucosa transition ( P ⩽0.05). The increased muscle thickness at the gastro-oesophageal junction correlates with the accepted location of the high-pressure zone, reflecting the caudal oesophageal sphincter. It seems that the whole oesophagus was situated within the thoracic rather than the abdominal cavity. Conclusions and relevance No distinct abdominal oesophagus was observed in nine domestic shorthair cats and one domestic longhair cat. These findings might have implications for the pathophysiology of hiatal hernia in cats.

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Quitt, Pia R., Sven Reese, Andrea Fischer, Simon Bertram, Clara Tauber, and Lara Matiasek. "Assessment of menace response in neurologically and ophthalmologically healthy cats." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 21, no. 6 (August 3, 2018): 537–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x18788890.

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Objectives Assessment and interpretation of menace response (MeR) in cats can be challenging. The prevalence of abnormal MeR in healthy cats is unknown. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate MeR in visually healthy cats. Methods Fifty cats without history or clinical evidence of neurological or ophthalmological disease were assessed by two examiners: standing behind the cat (mode A), in front of the cat (mode B), and in front of the cat, covering the contralateral eye (mode C). MeR was scored from 1–5 (absent, weak, moderate, strong, complete). Examination modes were compared concerning presence and score (descriptive statistic, 95% confidence interval, χ2 test). This was compared to a three-level scoring system (negative, reduced, positive). Score reproducibility between the two examiners was assessed (Cohen’s kappa [κ] test). Video footage allowed self-re-evaluation and evaluation of the second examiner (κ analysis). Learning/tiring effect (McNemar test), influence of age, body weight (Spearman’s rho test), skull type (χ2 test) and being an indoor or outdoor cat (Mann–Whitney U-test) were evaluated. Results MeR was always elicited with at least one technique. Comparable results were obtained with the five- and three-level scoring systems. Mode A achieved strong/complete (positive) MeR in 84.5%, mode B in 82% and mode C in 60%. Exact score reproducibility between the two examiners was slight to fair (κ = 0.208–0.281). Intrarater agreement for video self-assessment (κ = 0.544–0.639), as well as inter-rater agreement (extrinsic video assessment), was moderate to substantial (κ = 0.584–0.645). No learning/tiring effect ( P = 0.530) or association with body weight ( P = 0.897), age ( P = 0.724), skull type ( P >0.05) and being an indoor/outdoor cat ( P = 0.511) were evident. Conclusions and relevance The majority of visually healthy cats revealed a strong/complete MeR when the contralateral eye remained uncovered, but 40% failed when the contralateral eye was covered. The most reliable examination mode was achieved standing behind the cat.

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Alfonso Matute, Nuria. "Apolo y Dionisos en tres obras de Thomas Mann: "Muerte en Venecia", "La montaña mágica", "Mario y el mago"." Tropelías: Revista de Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada, no. 15-17 (February 26, 2011): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_tropelias/tropelias.200415-171.

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Este artículo pretende realizar un acercamiento a algunos temas omnipresentes en la literatura de Thomas Mann. Estos motivos se relacionan con la influencia de Nietzsche sobre el autor, y se apoyan en su concepción de lo apolíneo y lo dionisiaco, que en Thomas Mann se manifiesta en una lucha continua entre el caos y la contención; lucha que se resuelve de forma inevitable con el triunfo del caos. A través del estudio de elementos como el tiempo, los mundos irracionales, el héroe decadente, la muerte, la enfermedad, las culturas opuestas, o la androginia y el homoerotismo, se ha intentado buscar esta conexión en tres obras de Thomas Mann: Muerte en Venecia, La montaña mágica y Mario y el mago. Dieser Artikel versucht eine Annäherung an einige allgegenwärtige Aspekte in Thomas Mann’s Literatur. Themen, die auf den sind Einflluss zurückgehen, den Nieztsche auf den Autor ausgeübt hat. Es wird vorwiegend der Gegensatz zwischen dem “Apolinischen” und dem “Dionisischen” behandelt, jenen Konzepten, die sich in Thomas Mann’s Werken durch den ewigen Kampf zwischen Mäßigung und Chaos offenbaren. Dabei löst sich der Kampf immer unvermeidlich mit dem Sieg des Chaos. Durch die Betrachtung dieser Elemente bzw. der Zeit, der unvernünftigen Welten, dem dekadenten Held, der Opposition verschiedener Kulturen oder der Androgynie und homoerotischen Verwandtschaften, wird eine thematische Verbindung in den folgenden drei Werken von Thomas Mann gesucht: Der Tod in Venedig, Der Zauberberg und Mario und der Zauberer.

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Bratsch-Prince, Dawn. "“AB LES MANS JUNCTES E GENOLLS EN TERRA”: INTERCESSION AND THE NOTION OF QUEENSHIP IN LATE MEDIEVAL CATALONIA." Catalan Review 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.20.12.

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Did medieval women who wore the crown share a common notion of queenship or recognize their own membership in a privileged group? Throughout medieval Europe the most salient images of queenship were those of wife, mother, and intercessor, familiar to the general population through Biblical and literary sources. This essay suggests that medieval Mediterranean queens were, in fact, aware of the power and influence that their role as intercessor afforded them. Two texts composed by the Aragonese queen Violant de Bar are used to shed light on a notion of queenship seemingly understood by her contemporaries, both male and female. The proemi or prologue of the queen’s address on judicial reform to the Catalano-Aragonese corts generals of 1388-1389 and a lengthy letter (1421) to queen María of Castile reference the responsibilities of the queen in mediating tensions and hostilities between the king and his rivals. From these documents, one gleans that queenship in early fifteenth-century Mediterranean Europe appears to have been viewed by its practitioners as a divinely-appointed office that entailed grave responsibility, as well as influence, by means of its emphasis on intercession.

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Ricart, María Cecilia, Silvia Feijóo, Giacomo Rossi, Matteo Cerquetella, Víctor Castillo, and Nélida Virginia Gómez. "Immunohistochemical Findings in Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Nine Cats." BioMed Research International 2020 (October 1, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6209185.

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Inflammatory bowel disease is a term referring to a clinical condition characterized by recurrent/persistent gastrointestinal signs, which cannot be diagnosed only through histological findings, being an elimination diagnosis and needing therefore the previous exclusion of all other possible causes of gastrointestinal signs. The aim of the present study was to compare the expression of different cytokines on endoscopic biopsy samples of the small and large intestine of cats suffering from inflammatory bowel disease and healthy controls, by immunohistochemistry evaluation. Nine cats referred for chronic gastrointestinal signs to the Gastroenterology Service, Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, were included. After being administered with antiparasitic drugs and after running complete laboratory exams, abdominal ultrasonography, etc., upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsy samplings for histopathology and immunohistochemistry was then performed. Controls were represented by archived samples from healthy cats (University of Camerino, Italy, Veterinary Pathology Unit Archive). On biopsy samples, the immunohistochemistry expression of the following antibodies was evaluated: TGF-β, CD3+, FoxP3+, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-12, and Th-17+. Statistic analysis was performed with the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test and with Spearman test, considering significant p < 0.05 . TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-12, and CD3+ were significantly differently expressed between cats suffering from inflammatory bowel disease and controls, while no differences were found regarding TGF-β, IL-10, and FOXP3. A positive correlation was also found between proinflammatory cytokines and proinflammatory cytokines plus lymphocytes that were at the same time related to IL-10 and TGF-β. On the other hand, a negative correlation was found between proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines. Our results suggest an imbalance in the immune response which may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of feline inflammatory bowel disease.

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Araujo, Anderson. "After Many Gods." Renascence 73, no. 1 (2021): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/renascence20217312.

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In January 1928, The Dial published T. S. Eliot’s review of Personae: The Collected Poems of Ezra Pound (1926). Even as he acknowledges his indebtedness to his fellow American poet-critic, Eliot seems bewildered by Pound’s belief system, which in his estimation is a heady mix of mysticism, occultism, pseudoscience, and Confucianism. With a touch of exasperation, he ends the review by asking provocatively, “what does Mr. Pound believe?” Although he would never give an answer that Eliot would find satisfying, Pound would revisit the question time and again in his prose and poetry. In the process, he reveals more about his eccentric set of creeds than even Eliot might have bargained for. Striving to synthesize a range of philosophical and polytheistic traditions, Pound would cast off the Presbyterianism of his early youth. From the 1930s onward, his deepening affiliation with Italian Fascism and near-cultic devotion to Mussolini would add yet another layer to his spectrum of beliefs. With Eliot’s query in The Dial functioning as a recurring point of reference, this essay examines Pound’s religious beliefs as a shifting panoply of mythico-theological, aesthetic, and political ideas. The picture that emerges is as complex as it is difficult to pin down, blurring the boundaries of what constitutes “faith” itself.

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Lucena, Dayvid Vianêis Farias de, Fernanda Vieira Henrique, Amara Gyane Alves de Lima, Almir Pereira de Souza, and Pedro Isidro da Nóbrega Neto. "Effect of the ketoprofen on the preemptive analgesia in female cats undergoing to ovariohysterectomy." Revista Ceres 64, no. 1 (February 2017): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x201764010003.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the ketoprofen on the preemptive analgesia in female cats submitted to ovariohysterectomy. Sixteen healthy cats were distributed into two groups, with eight animals each, by means of a draw, in a preemptive group (PREG), in which the animal received ketoprofen (1 mg/kg) subcutaneously two hours before the surgery; and postsurgery group (POSG), in which ketoprofen (1 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously immediately after surgery. In both groups, ketoprofen was given 24, 48 and 72 hours after the first adminstration. Heart and respiratory frequencies and glycemia were measured in all animals during the days first ten postsurgery. Analgesia was measured by assigning scores at zero, two, four, six, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168, 192, 216 and 240 hours after the surgical procedure. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test to compare the moments and Student's t-test for comparison between groups. Pain scores were evaluated using test of U-Mann-Withney or Kruskall-Wallis, all at the 5% level of significance. Pain scores were significantly lower in PREG in M0, M6, M72, M96 and M120. No significant difference was found in the levels of glycemia in comparison to baseline values. Ketoprofen promotes postsurgery analgesia in female cats submitted to ovariohysterectomy and preemptive and postsurgery administration provides an earlier reduction of pain scores when compared to postoperative administration, only.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Manx cats'

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