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1
Shahid, Syed M. "Managing Diabetes and Obesity in COVID-19 among Maori Adults in New Zealand using Non-Pharmacological Interventions." Diabetes & Obesity International Journal 5, no. 4 (2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/doij-16000234.
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Background: World Health Organisation estimated that diabetes and obesity are responsible for 1.6 million and 4 million mortalities, globally. Likewise, New Zealanders also face the serious consequences of diabetes and obesity mainly impacted Maori due to existence of various health disparities. Presently, researches showed that people with pre-existing diabesity conditions are more susceptible to acquire COVID-19 and resulted in 48% mortality, globally. Aim: This literature review was aimed to identify the effects of Non-Pharmacological (lifestyle) interventions implemented for managing diabetes and obesity among adult Maori in New Zealand especially during COVID-19. Method: To conduct a comprehensive literature review, the universally acclaimed peer-reviewed electronic databases such as PubMed, ProQuest, EIT online and cross-references of included articles were used to discover the most relevant, recent studies on the present topic. Reviewer screened the articles based on inclusion criteria. Electronically available peer-reviewed journal articles which include the interventions on diabetes and obesity for adult Maori of New Zealand and should be conducted between 2015 to 2020 were included. Results: Reviewer searched 35 articles in total. Out of which 07 articles were selected according to inclusion criteria. From total 07, 02 articles included lifestyle interventions exclusively on adult Maori men and 05 studies included adult Maori and other ethnic groups. Findings of the review revealed that non-pharmacological interventions without incentives showed more retention rate of Maori adults as compared to intervention with incentives. All the included articles use Maori culturally acceptable approach in implementing lifestyle interventions for diabetes and obesity prevention. Conclusion: More research needs to be conducted for diabetes and obesity prevention among Maori adults in New Zealand as there is limited literature available which becomes insufficient during special circumstances such as COVID-19 Pandemic.
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Pal, Moneeta, Felicity Goodyear-Smith, and Daniel Exeter. "Factors contributing to high immunisation coverage among New Zealand Asians." Journal of Primary Health Care 6, no. 4 (2014): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc14304.
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INTRODUCTION: While New Zealand (NZ) immunisation coverage has improved steadily over the years, there is inequity between ethnic groups, with rates lower in Maori and Pacific people and highest in Asian people. This qualitative study aimed to identify attitudes and behaviours of NZ Asian parents of children under the age of five years that might contribute to their seeking immunisation for their children. METHODS: In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore attitudes, values, experiences, knowledge, behaviour and perceived barriers regarding childhood immunisation. Transcripts were analysed using a general inductive approach. FINDINGS: Key themes identified were a general positive attitude towards immunisation, being well-informed and aware of the value of immunisation, accepting governmental encouragement to use immunisation services, and perceiving minimal barriers to immunisation services access. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that high immunisation coverage rates among NZ Asians may be primarily due to parental attitudes, rather than the quality and accessibility of immunisation services in NZ. KEYWORDS: Asian continental ancestry group; child; culture; ethnic groups; immunisation; qualitative research
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Garner, Stephen. "Morningside for Life!: Contextual Theology Meets Animated Television in bro'Town." Studies in World Christianity 17, no. 2 (August 2011): 156–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2011.0018.
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For five years the television show bro'Town represented a novel and somewhat controversial approach to telling stories about New Zealand society in mainstream media. The particular characters and setting connected to Pacific Island and urban Maori immigrant communities, but the stories being told were broader than that and resonated with the wider New Zealand public. One unique characteristic of the show was the way in which it mediated religion both sympathetically and critically to this wider audience. In doing so the show functioned as a site of theological reflection and a vehicle for the doing of contextual theology. Through the way in which religion was mediated in the show, issues related to personal, ethnic, religious, family and community identity are explored, drawing upon the negotiation of the three-way relationship between God, land and people running through Māori and Pacific Island cultures. The end result of this negotiation is a narrative that is simultaneously respectful and irreverent, promoting the need to find friends, love, respect and home in an often complicated and conflicted world.
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Slater, Tania, Anna Matheson, Cheryl Davies, Huia Tavite, Triny Ruhe, Maureen Holdaway, and Lis Ellison-Loschmann. "'It's whanaungatanga and all that kind of stuff': Maori cancer patients’ experiences of health services." Journal of Primary Health Care 5, no. 4 (2013): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc13308.
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INTRODUCTION: There are unacceptable ethnic differences in cancer survival in Aotearoa/New Zealand. For people with cancer, quality of life and survival are shaped by access to care, but research on Maori access to, and through, cancer care is limited. Internationally, research has shown that primary care plays an important role in providing patient-centred, holistic care and information throughout the cancer care journey. Additionally, Maori health providers provide practical support and facilitate access to all levels of health care. Here we describe the cancer journeys of Maori patients and whanau and identify factors that may facilitate or inhibit access to and through cancer care services. METHODS: Twelve Maori patients affected by cancer and their whanau (family) in the lower North Island took part in face-to-face semi-structured interviews exploring their experiences of cancer screening, diagnosis, treatment, survival and palliative care. FINDINGS: Three key areas were identified that impacted upon the cancer care journey: the experience of support; continuity of care; and the impact of financial and geographic determinants. CONCLUSION: Primary care plays a key role in support and continuity of care across the cancer journey. Alongside interpersonal rapport, a long-term relationship with a primary health provider facilitated a more positive experience of the cancer care journey, suggesting that patients with a ‘medical home’ are happier with their care and report less problems with coordination between services. Positive, longstanding relationships with general practitioners and Maori health providers assisted patients and whanau with the provision and understanding of information, alongside practical support. KEYWORDS: Cancer; family; health services, indigenous; Maori health; primary health care cancer
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Roback, Jennifer. "Plural but Equal: Group Identity and Voluntary Integration." Social Philosophy and Policy 8, no. 2 (1991): 60–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500001138.
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During this period, when disciples were growing in number, a grievance arose on the part of those who spoke Greek, against those who spoke the language of the Jews; they complained that their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution.When Americans think of ethnic conflict, conflict between blacks and whites comes to mind most immediately. Yet ethnic conflict is pervasive around the world. Azerbijanis and Turks in the Soviet Union; Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland; Arabs and Jews in the Middle East; Maoris and English settlers in New Zealand; Muslims and Hindus in India and Pakistan; French and English speakers in Quebec; Africans, Afrikaaners, and mixed-race people in South Africa, in addition to the tribal warfare among the Africans themselves: these are just a few of the more obvious conflicts currently in the news. We observe an even more dizzying array of ethnic conflicts if we look back just a few years. Japanese and Koreans; Mongols and Chinese; Serbs and Croats; Christians and Buddhists in Viet Nam: these ancient antagonisms are not immediately in the news, but they could erupt at any time. And the history of the early Christian Church recounted in the Acts of the Apostles reminds us that suspicion among ethnic groups is not a modern phenomenon; rather, it is ancient.The present paper seeks to address the problem of ethnic conflict in modern western democracies. How can our tools and traditions of participatory governments, relatively free markets, and the common law contribute to some resolution of the ancient problems that we find within our midst? In particular, I want to focus here on the question of ethnic integration.
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Starks, Donna. "National and ethnic identity markers." English World-Wide 29, no. 2 (April 23, 2008): 176–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.29.2.04sta.
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The New Zealand (NZ) short front vowels are often considered as a defining feature of New Zealand English (NZE), yet research which has considered data from both the Pakeha (NZ European) and the NZ Maori communities has noted slightly different patterns in the realisations of the vowel in the KIT lexical set in the respective communities (Bell 1997a, b; Warren and Bauer 2004). This paper compares the short front vowel series of NZ Maori students with that of NZ Samoan, Tongan, Cook Island and Niuean students and demonstrates how the NZ short front vowel series mark both similarity and difference across NZ communities. Our findings show that NZ Maori students have a greater degree of centralisation in their KIT vowel and a greater degree of raising of their DRESS and TRAP vowels than their NZ Pasifika counterparts. However, the manner in which the vowels raise and centralise distinguishes NZ Maori and Cook Island students from their NZ Samoan, Tongan and Niuean cohorts. The latter observation highlights problems with the pan-ethnic “Pasifika” label used to distinguish NZ Maori from other NZ Polynesian communities.
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Holmes, Janet. "Maori and Pakeha English: Some New Zealand social dialect data." Language in Society 26, no. 1 (March 1997): 65–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500019412.
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ABSTRACTAspects of the extent and nature of the influence of the Maori language on English in New Zealand are explored here within a broad sociolinguistic framework. The current sociolinguistic distribution of Maori and English in New Zealand society is described, and typical users and uses of the variety known as Maori English are identified. Characteristics of Maori English are outlined as background to a detailed examination of the distribution of three phonological features among speakers of Pakeha (European) and Maori background. These features appear to reflect the influence of the Maori language, and could be considered substratum features in a variety serving to signal Maori identity or positive attitudes toward Maori values. Moreover, Maori English may be a source of innovation in the New Zealand English (NZE) of Pakehas, providing features which contribute to the distinctiveness of NZE compared with other international varieties. (Social dialectology, ethnic identity, Maori English, New Zealand English, language change)
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Bistárová, Lucia. "Formovanie kultúrnej a etnickej identity Maoriov prostredníctvom príslušnosti ku gangu." Kulturní studia 2021, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/ks.2021.150104.
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Though often called a “heaven on Earth” New Zealand suffers from a serious problem with gangs. Ethnic gangs have dominated the New Zealand gang scene since the 70s when many Maoris left traditional rural areas and migrated in search of work to the cities but ended up in poverty because of lack of skills and poorly-paid jobs. Maori urbanization and the dual pressures of acculturation and discrimination resulted in a breakdown of the traditional Maori social structures and alienated many from their culture. Maoris who have been unable to maintain their ethnic and cultural identity through their genealogical ties and involvement in Maori culture attempt to find it elsewhere. For many of those that have lost contact with their cultural and ethnic links gangs have replaced families and community and provides individuals with a sense of belonging and safety. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the role of gangs in Maori ethnic and cultural identity development. This paper demonstrates the impact of gang environment on individual identity development and provides evidence that cultural engagement initiatives can enhance Maori identities, which in turn could increase psychological and socio-economic wellbeing.
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Gladney, Dru C. "The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region as an example of separatism in China." Kulturní studia 2021, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/ks.2021.150105.
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Though often called a “heaven on Earth” New Zealand suffers from a serious problem with gangs. Ethnic gangs have dominated the New Zealand gang scene since the 70s when many Maoris left traditional rural areas and migrated in search of work to the cities but ended up in poverty because of lack of skills and poorly-paid jobs. Maori urbanization and the dual pressures of acculturation and discrimination resulted in a breakdown of the traditional Maori social structures and alienated many from their culture. Maoris who have been unable to maintain their ethnic and cultural identity through their genealogical ties and involvement in Maori culture attempt to find it elsewhere. For many of those that have lost contact with their cultural and ethnic links gangs have replaced families and community and provides individuals with a sense of belonging and safety. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the role of gangs in Maori ethnic and cultural identity development. This paper demonstrates the impact of gang environment on individual identity development and provides evidence that cultural engagement initiatives can enhance Maori identities, which in turn could increase psychological and socio-economic wellbeing.
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Meyerhoff, Miriam. "Sounds pretty ethnic, eh?: A pragmatic particle in New Zealand English." Language in Society 23, no. 3 (June 1994): 367–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500018029.
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ABSTRACTA social dialect survey of a working-class suburb in New Zealand provides evidence that eh, a tag particle that is much stereotyped but evaluated negatively in NZ English, may persist in casual speech because it plays an important role as a positive politeness marker. It is used noticeably more by Maori men than by Maori women or Pakehas (British/European New Zealanders), and may function as an in-group signal of ethnic identity for these speakers. Young Pakeha women, though, seem to be the next highest users of eh. It is unlikely that they are using it to signal in-group identity in the same way; instead, it is possible that they are responding to its interpersonal and affiliative functions for Maori men, and are adopting it as a new facet in their repertoire of positive politeness markers. (Gender, ethnicity, politeness, New Zealand English, intergroup and interpersonal communication)
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Simpson, Alexander I. F., Philip M. Brinded, Nigel Fairley, Tannis M. Laidlaw, and Fiona Malcolm. "Does Ethnicity Affect Need for Mental Health Service Among New Zealand Prisoners?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 37, no. 6 (December 2003): 728–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2003.01260.x.
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Objective: The National Study on Psychiatric Morbidity in New Zealand Prisons identified undiagnosed mental illness and unmet treatment needs for mentally disordered offenders. As approximately 50% of prisoners are of Maori and 8.3% Pacific Island ethnicity, we analyzed the data to determine if there were any differences in the rates of major mental disorders between ethnic groups. Method: A census of all female prisoners, all remand male prisoners and an 18% random sample of the sentenced male prisoners were interviewed employing the diagnostic interview for mental illness (CIDI-A), screening diagnostic interview for relevant personality disorders (PDQ) and suicide screening questions. Self-identified ethnicity was recorded. Ethnic groups were compared for sociodemographic variables, morbidity for mental disorder, treatment experience and suicidality. Results: The ethnic groups were largely similar in age and current prevalence for mental disorders, although there was some evidence of differing sociodemographic factors, especially younger age among the Maori prisoners. Maori report fewer suicidal thoughts, but acted suicidally at the same rate as non-Maori. Treatment for mental disorder was less common among Maori and Pacific Island prisoners than others, both in prison and in the community. Conclusion: Criminogenic factors present in the developmental histories of prisoners might also increase the risk of mental disorders. Ethnic groups were not different in the rate at which they manifest mental disorders in the face of such factors. Younger prisoners were disproportionately more likely to be of Maori or Pacific Island ethnicity. Both prior to and after entry to prison, services must improve responsiveness to Maori and Pacific Island people.
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Lin, En-Yi J., Sally Casswell, Taisia Huckle, Ru Quan You, and Lanuola Asiasiga. "Does one shoe fit all? Impacts of gambling among four ethnic groups in New Zealand." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 26 (December 1, 2011): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2011.26.6.
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The aim of the current study is to examine the impacts of gambling among four different ethnic groups within New Zealand (i.e., Maori, Pakeha, Pacific peoples, and Chinese and Korean peoples). Four thousand and sixty-eight Pakeha, 1,162 Maori, 1,031 Pacific people, and 984 Chinese and Korean people took part in a telephone interview that assessed their gambling participation and their quality of life. Results showed a number of differences between ethnic groups. For the Maori and Pacific samples, there were significant associations between gambling participation (especially time spent on electronic gaming machines) and lower ratings in a number of life domains. In contrast to the findings for the Maori and Pacific peoples, which showed predominantly negative associations between gambling modes and people's self ratings of their domains of life, the findings for Pakeha and for Chinese and Korean peoples were more mixed and the associations predominantly positive.
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Feigin, Valery L., Harry McNaughton, and Lorna Dyall. "Burden of Stroke in Maori and Pacific Peoples of New Zealand." International Journal of Stroke 2, no. 3 (August 2007): 208–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4949.2007.00140.x.
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Studying ethnic particularities of stroke epidemiology may not only provide a clue to the causes of the observed racial/ethnic differences in stroke mortality but is also important for appropriate, culturally specific health care planning, prevention in stroke and improved health outcomes. This overview of published population-based stroke incidence studies and other relevant research in the multi-ethnic New Zealand population demonstrates an obvious ethnic disparity in stroke in New Zealand, with the greatest and increasing burden of stroke being imposed on Maori, who are indigenous, and Pacific people, who have migrated and settled in this country. These data warrant urgent and effective measures to be undertaken by health policy makers and health care providers to reverse the unfavourable trends in stroke and improve Maori and Pacific people's health.
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Norris, Pauline, Simon Horsburgh, Gordon Becket, Shirley Keown, Bruce Arroll, Kirsten Lovelock, Peter Crampton, Jackie Cumming, and Peter Herbison. "Equity in statin use in New Zealand." Journal of Primary Health Care 6, no. 1 (2014): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc14017.
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INTRODUCTION: Preventive medications such as statins are used to reduce cardiovascular risk. There is some evidence to suggest that people of lower socioeconomic position are less likely to be prescribed statins. In New Zealand, Maori have higher rates of cardiovascular disease. AIM: This study aimed to investigate statin utilisation by socioeconomic position and ethnicity in a region of New Zealand. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study in which data were collected on all prescriptions dispensed from all pharmacies in one city during 2005/6. Linkage with national datasets provided information on patients age, gender and ethnicity. Socioeconomic position was identified using the New Zealand Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation 2006. RESULTS: Statin use increased with age until around 75 years. Below age 65 years, those in the most deprived socioeconomic areas were most likely to receive statins. In the 5564 age group, 22.3% of the most deprived population received a statin prescription (compared with 17.5% of the mid and 18.6% of the least deprived group). At ages up to 75 years, use was higher amongst Maori than non-Maori, particularly in middle age, where Maori have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. In the 4554 age group, 11.6% of Maori received a statin prescription, compared with 8.7% of non-Maori. DISCUSSION: Statin use approximately matched the pattern of need, in contrast to other studies which found under-treatment of people of low socioeconomic position. A PHARMAC campaign to increase statin use may have increased use in high-risk groups in New Zealand. KEYWORDS: Ethnic groups; New Zealand; prescriptions; socioeconomic status; statins
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Thomas, David R., and Linda Waimarie Nikora. "Maori, Pakeha and New Zealander: Ethnic and national identity among New Zealand students1." Journal of Intercultural Studies 17, no. 1-2 (January 1996): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07256868.1996.9963431.
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Ly, E., H. Thein, and Michael Lam Po Tang. "Retrospective review of lupus nephritis in a New Zealand multi-ethnic cohort." Lupus 26, no. 8 (January 6, 2017): 893–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203316686701.
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Increased lupus nephritis has been reported in Pacific Island and Maori populations. Previous studies suggest ethnic variation in response to immunosuppression treatment; however this has not been assessed in Pacific Island and Maori cohorts. This retrospective study reviewed class 3, 4 and 5 lupus nephritis outcomes and response to induction immunosuppression over a 10-year period in a New Zealand multi-ethnic cohort with high Pacific Island representation. This included 49 renal biopsies in 41 patients; by ethnicity Pacific Island 53.7%, Asian 31.7%, Caucasian 12.2%, and New Zealand Maori 2.4%. There were 11 class 3, 24 class 4 and 17 class 5 either alone or in combination with class 3/4. There were no statistically significant differences in renal function or proteinuria between ethnic groups at baseline. Pacific Island class 3/4 showed similar rates of renal remission with intravenous cyclophosphamide (6/8) and mycophenolate (4/7) induction treatment; results were comparable to the overall study group. There were no deaths or permanent dialysis requirements in the first six months of treatment, and no increased risk of adverse outcomes when stratified by ethnicity. Five lupus nephritis relapses occurred during maintenance treatment and there was no apparent ethnicity bias. Conclusion: Pacific Island people disproportionately present with increased lupus nephritis; and had comparable renal remission rates with intravenous cyclophosphamide and oral mycophenolate which were similar to the whole study cohort.
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Armstrong, M. Jocelyn. "MAORI IDENTITY IN THE SOUTH ISLAND OF NEW ZEALAND: ETHNIC IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT IN A MIGRATION CONTEXT." Oceania 57, no. 3 (March 1987): 195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4461.1987.tb02213.x.
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McCarthy, Jane, and Mhairi Duff. "Services for adults with intellectual disability in Aotearoa New Zealand." BJPsych International 16, no. 03 (March 12, 2019): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bji.2018.37.
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Aotearoa New Zealand is a country of just under 5 million people with a diverse population, the main ethnic groups being of European descent and Maori. There are well-developed public and private healthcare systems. As in other countries, Aotearoa New Zealand has closed the large institutions and developed community-based services for people with intellectual disability. Aotearoa New Zealand has specific legislation for people with intellectual disability presenting to the criminal justice system and has unusually and explicitly excluded people with intellectual disability from mental health legislation since 1992. Partly as a result, most health professional training schemes have little focus on issues for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Therefore, one of the main challenges over the coming decade will be to ensure there is a sufficient workforce of psychiatrists and other professionals who have the training and expertise to work with people with intellectual disability requiring mental health and forensic services.
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Wong, Gilbert. "REVIEW: An identity story without end." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 10, no. 2 (September 1, 2004): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v10i2.814.
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Review of New Faces, Old Fears, directed by John Bates and Manying IP, Documentary New Zealand, TV One.The issue of identity, both cultural and ethnic, has come to the force for significant minority of New Zealanders who are of chinese descent since the freeing up of immigration regulation in 1987 led to a new influx of settlers. More than 80,000 ethnic Chinese and 20,000 Korean people have decided to call New Zealand home, triggering a several hundredfold rise in the population of New Zelanders with Asian ancestry.
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Williams, David V. "Ko Aotearoa Tenei: Law and Policy Affecting Maori Culture and Identity." International Journal of Cultural Property 20, no. 3 (August 2013): 311–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739113000143.
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AbstractIn July 2011 what is commonly known as the Wai 262 Report was released. After a protracted series of hearings, dating back to 1997, the New Zealand Waitangi Tribunal has at last reported on the some of the wide range of issues canvassed in those hearings. Three beautifully illustrated volumes contain a large number of recommendations in what is described as a whole-of-government report. This article notes earlier comments on Wai 262 in this journal and reframes what is often known as the ‘Maori renaissance’ from which this claim emerged in 1991. The Tribunal decided not to discuss historical aspects of the evidence presented, except for the Tohunga Suppression Act 1907, as this was not ‘an orthodox territorial claim’ allowing the Crown to negotiate with iwi for a Treaty Settlement. Of great significance for this readership, the Tribunal staunchly refused to entertain any discussion of ‘ownership’ claims to Maori cultural property. Rather, the Tribunal focussed on ‘perfecting the Treaty partnership’ between the two founding peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand. Its report is concerned with the future and with the Treaty of Waitangi when the nation has moved beyond the grievance mode that has dominated the last quarter century. The partnership principles are pragmatic and flexible. Very seldom indeed can Maori expect to regain full authority over their treasured properties and resources. The eight major topics of the chapters on intellectual property, genetic and biological resources, the environment, the conservation estate, the Maori language, Maori knowledge systems, Maori medicines and international instruments are briefly summarised. The author is critical of this Tribunal panel's timidity in refusing to make strong findings of Treaty breach as the basis for practical recommendations—the approach usually adopted in previous Tribunal reports on contemporary issues. The article then notes that the Wai 262 report featured significantly in 2012 hearings on Maori claims to proprietary rights in freshwater resources. It featured not to assist the freshwater claimants, however, but as a shield wielded by the Crown to try to deny Maori any remedy.The low bar of partnership consultations encouraged by the Wai 262 report was congenial for Crown counsel seeking to undermine Maori claims to customary rights akin to ‘ownership’ of water. The 2012 Tribunal panel, under a new Chief Judge, restrictively distinguished the Wai 262 report and found in favour of Maori rights to water. In conclusion, the article notes the irony of a government following neo-liberal policies in pursuing a privatisation strategy and yet relying on ‘commons’ rhetoric to deny Maori any enforceable rights to water; and of indigenous people arguing for ownership property rights to frustrate that government's policies.
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Webber, Melinda. "Explorations of Identity for People of Mixed Maori/Pakeha Descent: Hybridity in New Zealand." International Journal of Diversity in Organizations, Communities, and Nations: Annual Review 6, no. 2 (2006): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1447-9532/cgp/v06i02/39144.
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Berg, Lawrence D., and Robin A. Kearns. "Naming as Norming: ‘Race’, Gender, and the Identity Politics of Naming Places in Aotearoa/New Zealand." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 14, no. 1 (February 1996): 99–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d140099.
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The process of naming places involves a contested identity politics of people and place. Place-names are part of the social construction of space and the symbolic construction of meanings about place. Accordingly, we argue that the names applied to places in Aotearoa assist in the construction of the symbolic and material orders that legitimate the dominance of a hegemonic Pakeha masculinism. Attempts to rename (and in doing so, reclaim) places are implicated in the discursive politics of people and place. The contestation of place-names in Otago/Murihiku, one of the southernmost regions of New Zealand, is examined. We present a discursive analysis of submissions made to the New Zealand Geographic Board in 1989–90 concerning a proposed reinstatement of Maori names in the area. In interpreting objections to renaming we suggest these objections articulated with and through a number of ‘commonsense’ notions about gender, ‘race’, culture, and nation which discursively (re)produced a hegemonic Pakeha masculinism in New Zealand.
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Rata, Elizabeth. "Discursive strategies of the Maori tribal elite." Critique of Anthropology 31, no. 4 (December 2011): 359–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x11420116.
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The Maori tribal elite are identified and their political and economic ambitions discussed with reference to recent strategic documents. Framing and supporting those ambitions is an indigenous discourse that has been crucial to the elite’s success. Five discursive strategies are analysed: (1) constructing the indigenous collective as tribal Maori; (2) constructing indigeneity as ‘the logic of the gift’ in contrast to the ‘“Western” logic of the commodity’; (3) promoting indigeneity as an ahistorical primordial category to counter the social reality of ethnic fluidity in New Zealand; (4) promoting a vocabulary in order to control the meaning of key ideas; and (5) constructing indigeneity as a polity in opposition to the nation. A Treaty of Waitangi ‘partnership’ is promoted as the means by which the indigenous–colonizer dualism is brokered. Despite its efficacy to date, the discourse is undermined by inherent contradictions, including the elite’s privileged position as a capitalist class, the growing inequalities within the tribal collective and the incarceration of indigenous people in an ahistorical timelessness.
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Raval, Manjri, Felicity Goodyear-Smith, and Susan Wells. "The effect of ethnicity on different ways of expressing cardiovascular treatment benefits and patient decision-making." Journal of Primary Health Care 7, no. 1 (2015): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc15024.
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INTRODUCTION: The way information is presented to communicate risk and treatment benefit affects patients' understanding and perception of their risk and can influence their decisions. AIM: To assess the effect of ethnicity on patient preferences for different ways of expressing risk and treatment benefits. METHODS: Using tailored questionnaires, we surveyed Maori, Pacific and Indian peoples of known CVD risk to assess format preferences encouraging them to take medication or assist their understanding of possible treatment benefits. Statistical analysis determined any association of ethnicity with patient preferences. RESULTS: Of the 376 participants, 50% identified as New Zealand (NZ) European; 15% Maori; 25% Pacific and 10% Indian ethnicity. Patients preferred positive framing of risk (66%). Relative risk was the format reported as most encouraging to take medication and to understand risk, with natural frequencies least preferable, although Pacific people significantly preferred natural frequencies (p<0.0001) compared with other ethnic groups. The majority (55%) preferred pictures to numbers for explaining risk. Maori, Pacific and Indian participants significantly preferred 100-people chart formats over bar graphs compared with NZ Europeans/Others (p=0.002). Most (68%) preferred doctors to give their opinion on taking medication instead of explaining risks using numbers and/or pictures. Pacific and Indian peoples significantly preferred doctors to make decisions on treatment compared to NZ European/Other and Maori participants (p<0.0001). DISCUSSION: Ethnic differences in patient preferences for communication formats and decision-making should be considered when tailoring effective communication in primary care. However, individual preferences cannot be presumed and a combination of methods should routinely be used. KEYWORDS: Decision making; ethnicity; health communication; patient preference; primary health care; risk assessment
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Lawrenson, Ross, Grace Joshy, Yoska Eerens, and Wayne Johnstone. "How do newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes in the Waikato get their diabetes education?" Journal of Primary Health Care 2, no. 4 (2010): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc10303.
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INTRODUCTION: Education is accepted as the mainstay of management for people with diabetes. However, there are few population-based studies describing what education has been delivered from the patients perspective. AIM: To ascertain the sources of education for patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes; what education was received and what were the patients views of group education. Delivery of education to Maori was compared with non-Maori. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of patients identified from the Waikato Regional Diabetes Service database. Patients identified in one calendar year, having a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and being aged between 20 and 89 years were included in the survey. Patients were sent a four-page questionnaire. Non-responders were followed up by telephone. RESULTS: 333/667 patients (50%) responded. The principal source of education for Waikato patients was general practice, from the general practitioner and/or the practice nurse. Ninety-three percent of patients reported that they had received some education about diabetes at the time of diagnosis. There was no difference between Maori and non-Maori in the reported levels of diabetes education received, but the patient perceived knowledge score was significantly lower for Maori in all aspects studied. DISCUSSION: The overall impression was that patients were receiving appropriate information about diabetes, but there does appear to be room for improvement in some areas, particularly the importance of blood pressure and lipid control. We believe that further research on the educational needs of Maori and ethnic minorities is needed. KEYWORDS: Diabetes; family practice; education; New Zealand
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McHugh, P. G. "Sovereignty this Century - Maori and the Common Law Constitution." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 31, no. 1 (April 3, 2000): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v31i1.5965.
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This paper is an attempt to give a panorama of constitutional life in New Zealand this century as viewed through a particularly important window, the status of the aboriginal Maori people of these islands. Questions of Maori rights and their position in the constitutional order have become burning issues in this final quarter century and represent an immense challenge for the next. This exploration is particularly appropriate as we celebrate a century of law teaching in this capital city at a University which has produced many if not most of this country's distinguished and influential public lawyers. In many respects, the history we are about to review is also a history of common law constitutionalism in this country as well to a lesser extent as similar Anglophonic jurisdictions. We are looking not just at how that part of the common law we call "public law" has dealt with a particular ethnic group. Through this aboriginal window we are looking at the changing logic and reach of public law through the past century and at the nature and character of the common law itself.
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Metcalf, PA, RKR Scragg, P. Willoughby, S. Finau, and D. Tipene-Leach. "Ethnic differences in perceptions of body size in middle-aged European, Maori and Pacific People living in New Zealand." International Journal of Obesity 24, no. 5 (May 2000): 593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0801202.
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Tutty, Susan, and Felicity Goodyear-Smith. "Eighteen months of depression: examining the chronic care management of depression with particular reference to Pacific people." Journal of Primary Health Care 6, no. 1 (2014): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc14031.
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INTRODUCTION: Primary care is responsible for the 17% of the population with mild to moderately severe mental illness. Total Healthcare Otara (THO), with 49% of its patients of Pacific ethnicity, presents an opportunity to study the primary care management of depression, inclusive of Pacific people. While it had been assumed that Pacific people in New Zealand suffer less mental illness, Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey showed this is not the case. AIM: The aim of the study was to examine a Chronic Care Management (CCM) programme for depression in a predominantly Pacific practice. METHODS: A clinical audit of the CCM depression programme used by THO between 31 March 2009 and 30 September 2010. Participants were patients aged 1864 years who scored =15 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Computer templates completed for each consultation, including serial PHQ-9s, were analysed over time and across different ethnic groups. RESULTS: Cook Island Maori patients participated in the CCM depression programme in proportionally greater numbers than their enrolment in THO, while Samoan and Tongan patients participated significantly less. The mean PHQ-9 score fell rapidly over the first few visits and then levelled off, without reaching the normal range. Dropout rate was 60% after the third consultation irrespective of ethnicity or gender. DISCUSSION: There is a need for ethnic-specific research into depression in Pacific ethnic groups. A significant immediate improvement in PHQ-9 on entering the CCM depression programme suggests enrolment is therapeutic. However, further research into the CCM depression programme is needed, particularly the reasons for non-attendance. KEYWORDS: Case management; depression; oceanic ancestry group; Pacific Islands; primary health care
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Marie, Dannette, David M. Fergusson, and Joseph M. Boden. "Does Socioeconomic Inequality Explain Ethnic Differences in Nicotine Dependence? Evidence from a New Zealand Birth Cohort." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 44, no. 4 (April 2010): 378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048670903489908.
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Objective: The present study examined the role of socioeconomic status and cultural identity in the association between ethnicity and nicotine dependence, in a birth cohort of >1000 methods young people studied to age 30. Methods: Data were gathered on ethnicity, cultural identification, nicotine dependence, and socioeconomic factors, as part of a longitudinal study of a New Zealand birth cohort (the Christchurch Health and Development Study). Results: Those reporting Māori identity had rates of nicotine dependence that were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than rates for non-Māori. Control for socioeconomic factors reduced the associations between ethnic identity and nicotine dependence to statistical non-significance. In addition, there was no evidence of a statistically significant association between Māori cultural identity and nicotine dependence, nor was there evidence of gender differences in the association between ethnic identity and nicotine dependence, after controlling for socioeconomic factors. Conclusions: The higher rates of nicotine dependence observed among Māori appear to be attributable to differences in socioeconomic status. Efforts to improve the socioeconomic standing of Māori should therefore help to reduce rates of nicotine dependence in this population.
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Paringatai, Karyn. "Māori identity development outside of tribal environments." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 26, no. 1 (May 15, 2016): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol26iss1id54.
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Ethnic identity is formulated through participation and adherence to a shared belief system, knowledge of ancestry, geographical location and associated historical information. The arrival of Europeans in New Zealand and the subsequent changes that ensued, disrupted Māori epistemological systems. Sustained, prolonged and regular contact with other ethnicities influenced the importance of Māori language and culture to Māori people. This article begins by looking at factors that influence identity development before looking specifically at ethnic identity. It will then discuss these factors in relation to the development of a Māori identity. By drawing on research conducted with first-generation urban Māori born in Southland it will conclude by looking at some of the effects of growing up away from tribal areas on the development of their Māori identity.
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Enosa, Rachel, Fa’amatuainu Tino Pereira, Seini Taufa, Gerardine Clifford-Lidstone, and Akesa Filimoehala-Burling. "Nga Vaka o Kaiga Tapu." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 30, no. 4 (June 17, 2019): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol30iss4id607.
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When broken down by ethnicity, Pacific people are twice as likely to be offenders who have committed a serious crime against a family member; Pacific students are three times as likely as Aotearoa New Zealand European students to report witnessing adults hit children in their homes and five times more likely to die from child abuse or neglect (Pasefika Proud, 2016).Although there is no one single component that can be attributed to family violence, there are three contributing factors that are unique to the experiences of Pacific people inAotearoa New Zealand. These are social and economic inequities, the impact of migration on families, and identity and culture. An underlying concern of identity and culture is the urgent need to understand ethnic-specific perceptions, beliefs and practices with regard to relationships between family members, and the impact of violence on kinship wellbeing.
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McNeill, Rob. "Timeliness of treatment for patients referred urgently with a high suspicion of cancer in New Zealand." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e18147-e18147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e18147.
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e18147 Background: Delays in diagnosis and treatment have the potential to impact negatively on clinical outcomes for cancer patients. Guidelines for timeliness have been established for many cancer types and national targets have been established in some countries. At the end of 2014 New Zealand introduced a target for patients referred urgently with a high suspicion of cancer, aiming to have 90% of patients from referral to first treatment within 62 days. Methods: Timeliness data from 13,865 patients who were referred for their first specialist appointment in the years 2015-7 were obtained from the Ministry of Health. Z-tests for proportions were used to compare target performance across the time period. Cox regression was used to establish whether age, gender, and ethnicity were associated with timeliness. Results: The proportion of patients meeting the 62 day target increased significantly from 2015 (72.7%, 95%CI: 71.3-74.0; Median: 46 days) to 2016 (80.2%, 95%CI: 79.0-81.3; Median 43 days), but was not significantly higher in 2017 (80.7%, 95%CI: 79.6-81.8; Median 41 days). The Cox regression found that males (HR 0.965; 95% CI, 0.9330.999) and older people (HR 0.996; 95% CI, 0.9950.998) at a small but significantly higher risk of longer times to treatment. Much larger differences in risk of delay were found for Maori (HR 0.789; 95% CI, 0.7480.832), Pacific (HR 0.754; 95% CI, 0.6920.822) and Asian (HR 0.885; 95% CI, 0.8160.960), compared to European/Other ethnic group patients. Conclusions: This research has produced evidence that the introduction of the 62 day target was associated with a significant improvement in timeliness of treatment for this subgroup of patients. The results also highlight the large ethnic disparities in timeliness that exist both in New Zealand and in other countries. These are also reflected in ethnic disparities in outcomes across many cancer types. Further policy, system and practice changes are necessary to try to reduce these.
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Broman, Patrick. "A ‘Usable Past’?: Irish Affiliation in CANZUS Settler States." Genealogy 8, no. 3 (June 26, 2024): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy8030079.
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In a 2023 article in this journal, Esther and Michael Fitzpatrick wrote that “complicated are those diaspora people who yearn to claim ‘Irishness’ in their places as something distinct from colonial settlers”. An Irish identity seems to offer something unique in these contexts, having been embraced by Joe Biden, for example, as a keystone of his political identity. In this article, I utilise census data from the four primary Anglo-settler polities of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States to demonstrate the comparatively greater extent that Irish ethnic antecedents are remembered by local-born Whites. While acknowledging that drivers of ethnic affiliation are personal and multifaceted, and not directly discernible from answers on a questionnaire, I consider the nature of Irishness as a political identity in settler-colonial contexts.
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Ang, Edmond, Dug Yeo Han, and Sheridan Wilson. "Survival Outcomes and Care Equity among Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer in Auckland, New Zealand." Journal of Cancer Epidemiology 2022 (November 7, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7116040.
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Aim. The Auckland Advanced Breast Cancer Review (AABC) was a review of patients diagnosed with advanced inoperable/metastatic breast cancer (ABC) within the Auckland region of New Zealand, commissioned in response to a Breast Cancer Registry report (BCFNZR) that showed poor and inequitable survival outcomes. The review was aimed at assessing equity of care and identifying healthcare delivery gaps for patients with ABC in the Auckland region. Method. In this retrospective study, patients living within the Auckland region, diagnosed with ABC between the 1st January 2013 to the 31st December 2015 were identified from the Breast Cancer Registry. Data censorship date was 30th January 2019 to allow a minimum of 3 years of follow-up. Demographic, diagnostic, treatment, and survival data were extracted from electronic records for statistical analysis. Results. Of the 388 patients that met inclusion criteria for this study, median overall survival (medOS) was 18.9 months in the total population, with no difference between patients with de novo metastatic disease (dnMBC -18.9 m) and recurrent metastatic disease (rMBC -18.7 m). No statistically significant differences in medOS was found amongst Maori (16.2 m), Pacific People (17.3 m), and NZ European (18.9 m) or when patients were stratified according domicile district health board. Median number of lines of systemic treatment was two, with similar treatment exposure between ethnic groups. Conclusion. While treatment uptake and survival outcomes were generally comparable across ethnicity and district health boards, dnMBC survival outcomes were considerably poorer than expected, earmarking this subset of patients with ABC for more in-depth research.
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Karapetian, A. R. "The right to education and positive discrimination: a constitutional and legal analysis." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, no. 79 (October 9, 2023): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.79.1.24.
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The article reveals the peculiarities of the constitutional and legal consolidation of positive discrimination in the field of education in foreign countries and in Ukraine. It is established that: 1) positive discrimination in the field of higher education is prohibited in the United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden, and Slovakia; 2) positive discrimination based on race in university admissions is prohibited in the USA; 3) positive discrimination is allowed and applied: in Canada to representatives of the indigenous population (indigenous peoples) when entering a university and when receiving special scholarships; in Bulgaria - only for one ethnic community - Gypsies when entering a university, in Hungary - for socially disadvantaged citizens and the ethnic community of Gypsies when entering a university, in Macedonia - for national minorities when entering a university; in Finland for applicants who speak Swedish when entering certain educational programs; in China - to representatives of ethnic minorities, in India - to representatives of classes and castes that, according to the Constitution of India, are disadvantaged; in New Zealand - to representatives of the indigenous Maori people and other Polynesians when entering higher education institutions and providing scholarships, in Sri Lanka - to applicants from areas with poor access to education, in Brazil - to representatives of racial and ethnic communities, people with low incomes and disabled people; 4) in Japan, in accordance with national legislation, it is forbidden to apply positive discrimination on the basis of gender, ethnicity, social origin (but not citizenship) when entering a university, but in practice there is a policy of granting preferential treatment when entering a university to representatives of the Burakumin national minority; 5) The French Constitution of 1958 prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, religion or sex, French legislation that develops provisions of the French Constitution prohibits direct and indirect discrimination in education based on race or ethnic origin, but allows positive discrimination in education that is based on signs of «belonging to a certain district of the city».
In Ukraine, positive discrimination in the field of education when entering universities and receiving scholarships for representatives of indigenous peoples of Ukraine is not provided for by national legislation.
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Karapetian, A. "The right to education and positive discrimination: a constitutional and legal analysis." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 79 (October 25, 2023): 420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.79.2.66.
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The article reveals the peculiarities of the constitutional and legal consolidation of positive discrimination in the field of education in foreign countries and in Ukraine. It is established that: 1) positive discrimination in the field of higher education is prohibited in the United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden, and Slovakia; 2) positive discrimination based on race in university admissions is prohibited in the USA; 3) positive discrimination is allowed and applied: in Canada to representatives of the indigenous population (indigenous peoples) when entering a university and when receiving special scholarships; in Bulgaria – only for one ethnic community – Gypsies when entering a university, in Hungary – for socially disadvantaged citizens and the ethnic community of Gypsies when entering a university, in Macedonia – for national minorities when entering a university; in Finland for applicants who speak Swedish when entering certain educational programs; in China – to representatives of ethnic minorities, in India – to representatives of classes and castes that, according to the Constitution of India, are disadvantaged; in New Zealand – to representatives of the indigenous Maori people and other Polynesians when entering higher education institutions and providing scholarships, in Sri Lanka – to applicants from areas with poor access to education, in Brazil – to representatives of racial and ethnic communities, people with low incomes and disabled people; 4) in Japan, in accordance with national legislation, it is forbidden to apply positive discrimination on the basis of gender, ethnicity, social origin (but not citizenship) when entering a university, but in practice there is a policy of granting preferential treatment when entering a university to representatives of the Burakumin national minority; 5) The French Constitution of 1958 prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, religion or sex, French legislation that develops provisions of the French Constitution prohibits direct and indirect discrimination in education based on race or ethnic origin, but allows positive discrimination in education that is based on signs of «belonging to a certain district of the city».
In Ukraine, positive discrimination in the field of education when entering universities and receiving scholarships for representatives of indigenous peoples of Ukraine is not provided for by national legislation.
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Lee, Sara, and Maria Dacre. "Young Asian students holding on to their culture: Their messages for teachers." Set: Research Information for Teachers, no. 3 (December 16, 2022): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18296/set.1515.
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Aotearoa New Zealand is home to diverse ethnic groups. Discussions with students about their own cultural identity are important to recognise and include our diverse student communities within schools. For adolescents, developing their identity, inclusive of their culture, is fundamental at a time when these young people are striving to figure out who they are. When students feel that schools recognise and welcome their culture and identity, they are more likely to engage their whole selves in academic tasks. This article reports on a small qualitative research study involving 10 Asian secondary school students. The findings demonstrate students’ valuing access to cultural activities, highlighting the critical influence of language, food, cultural ornaments, and upholding the familiar traditions of their culture; all of which contribute positively to students’ cultural identity and wellbeing. The article outlines suggestions for practical application of their views for teachers and school communities are included.
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Dubrovin, V. J., and Y. N. Solovarovа. "PROBLEMATIZATION OF ETHNIC CONTEXT AND SOCIO-POLITICAL CASES OF MULTICULTURALISM." KAZAN SOCIALLY-HUMANITARIAN BULLETIN 11, no. 3 (June 2020): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24153/2079-5912-2020-11-3-9-15.
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The article discusses the problems that have arisen during the implementation of the policy of multiculturalism in countries with a multinational population of Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand. In these states, there are successful cases of interaction between state institutions and ethnic minorities. The ethnopolitics of such multinational states is aimed at expanding the rights of ethnic minorities and their inclusion in the political process. Such a policy is based on the concept of multiculturalism and assumes the equality of ethnic minorities in the cultural environment of the dominant ethnic majority, realizes the idea of equality of people in all socio-political spheres. Multiculturalism is becoming the basis of public policy, as it integrates, adapts the minority and majority in a single community, while emphasizing and preserving ethnic, linguistic and religious identity. In the course of the multiculturalism policy, the prerequisites for the formation of the legal field of its development are created. The authors identify four key socio-political cases of multiculturalism: Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the countries of the Scandinavian Peninsula, which reflect the current results of multiculturalism policy. The article notes the fact that in relation to "indigenous peoples" the multiculturalism policy of these countries consolidates the official status of the ethnic minority and the language of indigenous peoples within the framework of the main state legislative acts. In the policy of multiculturalism, in the vast majority of countries represented in cases, the ethnic minority is given not only national-territorial, cultural autonomy, but also the opportunity to form ethnic representations included in state representative bodies of power. It is suggested that for multinational Russia, the model of multicultural development is the most appropriate.
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Semp, David. "Mismatching in mental health: Identity politics, heteronormativity and public mental health services." Lesbian & Gay Psychology Review 5, no. 3 (November 2004): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpslg.2004.5.3.95.
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AbstractIdentity politics – drawing upon discourses of ‘equal rights’ – has achieved much for queer1 people in Western countries. Despite these achievements, international research indicates considerably higher prevalence of suicide and other mental health problems for men who have sex with men (msm)2. This raises a question about the effectiveness of identity politics in the mental health arena. What does it have to offer msm who are clients of public mental health services (pmhs) and what/who does it silence? The ethnic model of identity politics emphasises similarity within identity categories. This engenders the idea that queer staff can be ‘matched’ with and use their similar experience born out of identity to help msm clients in pmhs. In this paper, I use data from interviews with queer staff and msm clients of pmhs in Aotearoa/New Zealand to argue that these two groups of queer people are offered different subject positions by dominant and marginalised discourses of homosexuality and mental health. I suggest that understanding this multiplicity of identities and power relations within a heteronormative context is important in considering both the potentials and limitations of identity politics for envisioning and enacting liberatory change in pmhs for msm.
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Chan, Henry, Alana Cavadino, and Clinton Lewis. "Epidemiology of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia in New Zealand: A National Cancer Registry Analysis." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-136524.
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Background: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a blood cancer characterised by the expansion of a malignant myeloid progenitor. The estimated age-standardised incidence rate in many western countries has remained static over the last 2 decades at 3-4 per 100,000, whilst long-term survival has improved, especially for the younger individuals. However, disparities remain for the older individuals, people of ethnic minority background, and those who are more socio-economically deprived. Previous evaluation of population data from New Zealand has shown a similar pattern, but a more recent analysis has not been done. Here we present the incidence and long-term survival of patients with AML in New Zealand (NZ), using the New Zealand Cancer Registry (NZCR). Method: The NZCR was established in 1948 and it became mandatory by law to report all new cases of malignancy by 1994. We extracted all AML cases from the registry between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 2016. Cases with an ICD-10-CM code for acute myeloid leukaemia and its subtypes including acute promyelocytic leukaemia (e.g. C92.0) were included. Individuals residing overseas or without an address were excluded, and individuals with a diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APML) were analyzed separately. The socio-economic status of the individual was estimated based on their domicile area using the New Zealand 2013 Index of Deprivation (NZDep2013) which is a geographically based composite measure of deprivation. Overall survival was calculated from the date of diagnosis to the date of death or last follow-up (31 December 2016). Multivariable Cox-proportional hazard models were used to evaluate potential associations with survival time in NZ AML cases. Results: During this 20-year period, 154 cases of APML and 2876 cases of AML (excluding APML) were reported to the registry on individuals residing in New Zealand. Of the AML cases, 53% were male and the median age at the time of diagnosis was 67 (IQR 52-77), with a small positive correlation between year of diagnosis and age at diagnosis (Spearman's rho=0.05, p=0.009). The majority of cases (77%) were of European descent, 12% were New Zealand Maori, and 6% were Pacific Islanders. Individuals of European descent were significantly older at diagnosis compared to other ethnicities (median of 70 vs 51 for Maori, 56 for Pacific Islanders, and 58 for all other ethnicities, p<0.001). AML appeared to disproportionally affect those more socio-economically deprived, with 23% of cases reported in the most deprived 20% of the population, compared with only 16% of the cases in the least deprived 20%. The annual crude incidence remained stable during this period at an average of 3.42 per 100,000 (ranging from 2.57 to 4.29, figure 1), and was significantly higher in the older adults (figure 2). Age-standardised rates were lower (figure 1), with an average of 2.6 (range 1.9 to 3.4) cases per 100,000, and a small but significant average annual decrease over the study period. The estimated 1, 2, and 5-year survival for the entire cohort was 38%, 27%, and 22%, respectively. Age at diagnosis was a significant predictor of inferior survival, with a hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality of 2.06, 3.95, 6.39 and 10.84 for the 50-59, 60-69, 70-79 and >80 age groups, respectively, compared to those aged <50. Shorter overall survival was also noted in individuals in the more socio-economically deprived 50% of the population (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.03-1.23). Conclusion The incidence of AML in New Zealand has remained static in the last 2 decades, consistent with data from other western countries. Lower age-standardised rates and the small decrease in these observed over the study period are likely to reflect the increasingly and comparatively older population in NZ. Maori and Pacific Islanders appeared to present at a younger age than individuals of European descent. Age at diagnosis and socio-economic deprivation were shown to be an adverse prognostic factor for overall survival. Further in-depth analysis is required to determine the cause of these observations at a population level. Disclosures Chan: AbbVie:Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees;Janssen:Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: TRAVEL, ACCOMODATIONS, EXPENSES (paid by any for-profit health care company), Research Funding, Speakers Bureau;Celgene:Other: TRAVEL, ACCOMODATIONS, EXPENSES (paid by any for-profit health care company);Amgen:Other: TRAVEL, ACCOMODATIONS, EXPENSES (paid by any for-profit health care company);Roche:Other: TRAVEL, ACCOMODATIONS, EXPENSES (paid by any for-profit health care company).
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Qiu, M., R. N. Patel, and R. B. Gearry. "P690 Rates of IBD in New Zealand Māori population at Lakes District Health Board: low but increasing." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 16, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2022): i590—i591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab232.811.
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Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, inflammatory disease that is increasingly prevalent in New Zealand (NZ). Previous regional studies describe significantly lower rates of IBD in Māori (the indigenous people of NZ) compared to non-Māori. We aimed to describe IBD incidence and prevalence at Lakes District Health Board (DHB), with a focus on the Māori population. Methods All patients with IBD at Lakes DHB are managed using an IBD database. The database was reviewed and demographic, clinical, IBD phenotype, treatment and surgical data were extracted. Rates of IBD and other characteristics were compared between Māori and non-Māori. Results 197 IBD patients were identified, consisting of 100 (51%) with Crohn’s disease, 77 (39%) with ulcerative colitis, and 20 with IBD-unspecified. The median age was 48±17 and 100 (50.8%) were males. 15 (7.6%) patients were Māori and 182 (92.4%) European/other (Figure 1), leading to IBD ethnic-specific prevalences of 34.9 and 256.8/100,000, respectively. Rates of current/ex-smoking were similar in Māori and non-Māori (~30%), so was biologic use (40%). Despite statistically insignificant, Māori were more likely to be hospitalised over the last ten years (mean admissions 1.8 vs 1.1). In the last 20 years, there has been a steady increase in IBD incidence among non-Maori population. In Māori population, although the rates were consistently lower, more were diagnosed over the last 5 years, demonstrating an increasing incidence (Figure 2). Figure 1. Lakes DHB demographics and IBD status Figure 2. Comparison of IBD incidence in Māori and non-Māori at Lakes DHB Conclusion Our findings are concordant with previous studies showing gradually increased rates of IBD in NZ and low rates in Māori. However, rates in the last five years are increasing in Māori population which may reflect a true increase in incidence due to changes in environmental risk factor exposure or increased rates of presentation and diagnosis in Māori over the last five years.
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Sluyter, J. D., A. D. Hughes, S. A. McG Thom, A. Lowe, C. A. Camargo Jr, B. Hametner, S. Wassertheurer, K. H. Parker, and R. K. R. Scragg. "Arterial waveform parameters in a large, population-based sample of adults: relationships with ethnicity and lifestyle factors." Journal of Human Hypertension 31, no. 5 (December 22, 2016): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2016.78.
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Abstract Little is known about how aortic waveform parameters vary with ethnicity and lifestyle factors. We investigated these issues in a large, population-based sample. We carried out a cross-sectional analysis of 4798 men and women, aged 50–84 years from Auckland, New Zealand. Participants were 3961 European, 321 Pacific, 266 Maori and 250 South Asian people. We assessed modifiable lifestyle factors via questionnaires, and measured body mass index (BMI) and brachial blood pressure (BP). Suprasystolic oscillometry was used to derive aortic pressure, from which several haemodynamic parameters were calculated. Heavy alcohol consumption and BMI were positively related to most waveform parameters. Current smokers had higher levels of aortic augmentation index than non-smokers (difference=3.7%, P<0.0001). Aortic waveform parameters, controlling for demographics, antihypertensives, diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), were higher in non-Europeans than in Europeans. Further adjustment for brachial BP or lifestyle factors (particularly BMI) reduced many differences but several remained. Despite even further adjustment for mean arterial pressure, pulse rate, height and total:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared with Europeans, South Asians had higher levels of all measured aortic waveform parameters (for example, for backward pressure amplitude: β=1.5 mm Hg; P<0.0001), whereas Pacific people had 9% higher loge (excess pressure integral) (P<0.0001). In conclusion, aortic waveform parameters varied with ethnicity in line with the greater prevalence of CVD among non-white populations. Generally, this was true even after accounting for brachial BP, suggesting that waveform parameters may have increased usefulness in capturing ethnic variations in cardiovascular risk. Heavy alcohol consumption, smoking and especially BMI may partially contribute to elevated levels of these parameters.
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Hamley, Logan, Carla A. Houkamau, Danny Osborne, Fiona Kate Barlow, and Chris G. Sibley. "Ingroup Love or Outgroup Hate (or Both)? Mapping Distinct Bias Profiles in the Population." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 46, no. 2 (May 16, 2019): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167219845919.
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Researchers have long argued that ingroup favoritism and outgroup derogation are separable phenomena that occur in different, meaningful combinations. Statistical methods for testing this thesis, however, have been underutilized. We address this oversight by using latent profile analysis (LPA) to investigate distinct profiles of group bias derived from ingroup and outgroup warmth ratings. Using a national probability sample of Māori (the indigenous people of New Zealand; N = 2,289) and Europeans ( N = 13,647), we identify a distinct profile reflecting ingroup favoritism/outgroup derogation (Type III in Brewer’s typology of ingroup bias) in both groups (6.7% of Māori, 10.3% of Europeans). The factors associated with this type, however, differed between groups. Whereas ethnic identity centrality predicted membership for Type III for Māori, social dominance orientation predicted this type for Europeans. Thus, although both groups may express the same kind of bias pattern, the motivation underlying this bias varies by status.
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Gabriel, Vincent, Leah Verburg, and Graham McCaffrey. "573 The Impact of Burn Injuries on Indigenous Populations." Journal of Burn Care & Research 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2023): S119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irad045.167.
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Abstract Introduction Racial and ethnic minorities experience disparities in prevention and treatment of burn injury. However, research on burn injuries in Indigenous populations is limited. This review summarizes literature on burn injuries in Indigenous populations that require consideration due to systemic racism, intergenerational trauma, and health disparities to inform new research. Methods A search was conducted in CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, PSYCinfo, and SocINDEX. for “burn OR scars OR scald OR deformity OR disfigurement” and “Aboriginal OR Indigenous OR First Nation OR American Indian OR Maori OR Native OR Torres Strait Islander OR Amerindian OR Inuit OR Metis OR Pacific Islander”. Search criteria were set by the authors with librarian assistance. Inclusion 1) peer-reviewed studies of burns in Indigenous persons 2) in English. Exclusion 1) no data specific to Indigenous burns 2) not peer-reviewed 3) not in full text 4) protocol publications. Selection was performed by a member of the research team and reviewed by the co-authors. Results The search identified 1,091 studies with 51 for review. Fifteen were excluded. Three were editorials or letters. Five were not full text. One was a protocol only, and one did not reference Indigenous persons. Two reported accident rates in Indigenous populations but not burns data. Two excluded articles did not report burns data in the Indigenous population. One was excluded as the conclusions were not supported by the data. Included publications were published between 1987 and 2021 with 24 between 2011 - 2021. Indigenous populations have a rate of burn injury up to two times of the general population in the US, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia. Indigenous people suffered more injuries from flame and inhalation. Burns in Indigenous people are of greater total body surface area and deeper. Indigenous persons had longer lengths of stay, more complications, and need for additional surgeries. The Indigenous population in the US is associated with more hypertrophic scarring. Indigenous patients in Australia struggle with a lack of culturally safe communication and support for aftercare. Conclusions Current literature is limited specific to burns in Indigenous populations. Racial disparities exist in burn injury incidence and outcomes for Indigenous persons. Indigenous populations suffer burn injuries, have more complications, and longer lengths of stay in hospital. Current care practices lack cultural safety considerations. Applicability of Research to Practice Qualitative research in this area will help providers better understand the experiences of Indigenous burn patients to develop more culturally competent care. We are currently developing a study using qualitative hermeneutic methodology to learn about the experiences of Indigenous burn survivors’ injuries, recovery, and social reintegration.
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Barber, Peter A., Rita Krishnamurthi, Priya Parmar, Varsha Parag, and Valery L. Feigin. "Abstract WP181: Incidence of Transient Ischemic Attack in Auckland, New Zealand, in 2011-2012." Stroke 47, suppl_1 (February 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.47.suppl_1.wp181.
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Introduction: There have been few recent population studies reporting the burden of TIA. We aimed to determine the incidence (first ever in a lifetime) of TIA in an ethnically diverse population. Hypothesis: The incidence of TIA may vary by different ethnic group. Methods: The fourth Auckland Regional Community Stroke study (ARCOS IV) used multiple overlapping ascertainment methods to identify all hospitalized and non-hospitalized cases of definite TIA in people ≥16 years of age usually resident in Auckland (population ≥16 years was 1.12 million), over 12 months from March 2011. TIA was defined as an acute loss of focal cerebral or ocular function with symptoms lasting <24 hours, of presumed vascular cause. Patients with isolated vertigo, diplopia and non-focal symptoms were excluded. Results: There were 785 people with TIA [402 (51.2%) women, mean (SD) age 71.5 (13.8) years]. Of these, 614 (78%) were European, 32 (4.1%) Maori (indigenous people of New Zealand), 62 (8%) Pasifika (originating from the Pacific Islands) and 75 (10%) Asian/Others. Most (82%) TIA patients were seen in a hospital setting (emergency room, outpatient clinic or admitted). The annual age-standardized incidence of TIA was 40 (95% CI 36-43) per 100,000 people. The annual age-standardized incidence per 100,000 people of TIA was less in Maori (27; 95% CI 8-40) and Asian/Others (21; 95% CI 16-27) than in Europeans (45; 95% CI 41-50). Vascular risk factor profiles and treatment at presentation varied between the different ethnic groups. For example, non-Europeans were more likely to be diabetic (p<0.01), and Maori and Pasifika were less likely to be taking lipid-lowering therapy (p<0.01), than other groups. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated ethnic differences in the burden of TIA in an era of aggressive primary and secondary vascular risk factor management. We speculate that that the lower incidence of TIA seen in ethnic minorities may reflect a failure to seek medical attention as opposed to a true difference in incidence. If confirmed, programs targeting different ethnic groups, particularly those of lower socioeconomic status, and aimed at improving health literacy around vascular disease and reducing barriers to accessing health care, will be required.
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Fu, Yu-wen. "Gender and Austronesian Indigenous Identities: Narratives of Women in Seediq Bale and Utu." International Journal of Taiwan Studies, August 16, 2023, 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24688800-20231279.
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Abstract As early as 1989, Kimberlé Crenshaw had proposed investigating the interconnection between gender and ethnic identities, especially in her work about black identities. Subsequently, many scholars have extended investigation of the interconnection to the field of Indigenous studies. However, most studies focus on women’s suffering, rather than their active engagement in the process of anti-colonial resistance and Indigenous identity formation. Despite painful colonial histories—including displacement and assimilation—Indigenous peoples have resisted and survived and have been revived. Indigenous women played a crucial part in these processes, but their contributions were often neglected or forgotten. Through analyses of two renowned post-colonial films—Seediq Bale (dir. Wei Te-sheng, 2011) from Taiwan and Utu (dir. Geoff Murphy, 1983) from New Zealand—this essay explores how Seediq and Maori women showed great strength in Austronesian indigenous people’s resistance to colonialism and in their campaign to rewrite history.
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West, Patrick. "Abjection as ‘Singular Politics’ in Janet Frame’s The Carpathians." M/C Journal 9, no. 5 (November 1, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2664.
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This article extends recent work on the political implications of Julia Kristeva’s work, notably Cecilia Sjöholm’s Kristeva and the Political, through a reading of Janet Frame’s last novel, The Carpathians. My intention is twofold: to ground Sjöholm’s analysis of Kristeva in a concrete cultural example, and to redetermine Frame’s significance as a postcolonial writer implicated in the potentialities of politics and social change. Rather than granting automatic political and social importance to abjection, Sjöholm and Frame signal a fresh perspective on the very relationship of the abject to politics, which points towards a notion of politics disimplicated from standard assumptions about its operations. For my purposes here, I am defining abjection (following Kristeva) as that concern with borderline states that subtends the psychic mechanisms by which the subject establishes itself in relationship to others. Abjection references, more specifically, an original failure of separation from the pre-Oedipal space of the mother, although this archaic situation is subsequently transposed, as Kristeva argues at length in Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection, into various dramas of dietary regulation, bodily disgust, ‘shady’ behaviour, and the like. “It is thus not lack of cleanliness or health that causes abjection but what disturbs identity, system, order. What does not respect borders, positions, rules. The in-between, the ambiguous, the composite” (Kristeva 4). Abjection is the simultaneously horrified and ecstatic discovery by the subject that what lies without also lies within, that to be one is also to be an other. Not that one necessarily lives on the edge, but that the edge is what makes us live. Kristeva also calls the abject and abjection “the primers of my culture,” and this is as good a point as any from which to commence an investigation into the cultural and political effects of her notions of subject formation (Kristeva 2). The word ‘primer’ is semantically rich, suggesting as it does ‘an introduction’, a ‘preparation’, or ‘the quality of being first.’ But which is it for Kristeva? And more to the point, do any of these various meanings rise to the challenge of describing a powerful connection between abjection and the ‘community of subjects’ that constitutes the privileged arena of political activity? This has been a key issue in Kristevan studies at least as far back as 1985, when Toril Moi voiced her concerns that Kristeva is unable to account for the relations between the subject and society. ... She seems essentially to argue that the disruption of the subject … prefigures or parallels revolutionary disruptions of society. But her only argument in support of this contention is the rather lame one of comparison or homology. Nowhere are we given a specific analysis of the actual social or political structures that would produce such a homologous relationship between the subjective and the social (Moi 171). Sjöholm enters at this juncture, with a new take on the question of Kristeva’s political effectiveness, which results, as I shall demonstrate, in a sharper perspective on what it might mean for abjection to be considered as a ‘cultural primer’. In a move that comprehensively outflanks the critique disseminated by Moi and others, which is that Kristeva’s theory stalls at the level of the individual subject or discrete work of art, Sjöholm argues that Rather than promoting an apolitical and naïve belief in artistic revolt, which she has often been accused of, [Kristeva’s] theorisation of the semiotic, of the pre-Oedipal, of the intimate, etc. draws the consequences of a sustained displacement of the political from the universal towards the singular: art and psychoanalysis (Sjöholm 126). Sjöholm makes the case for a reconfiguration of the concept of politics itself, such that the violences that Universalist ideals inflict on marginal political actors are evaded through recourse to the fresh notion of a ‘singular politics’. Sjöholm shifts the scene of the political wholesale. Although Spinoza is not mentioned by name in Kristeva & the Political, the influence of his endlessly provocative question ‘What can a body do?’ can be felt between the lines of Sjöholm’s argument (Spinoza Part III, Proposition II, Note). The body is, in this way of thinking, a primer of culture in the strong sense of a continual provocation to culture, one that pushes out the boundaries of what is possible—politically possible—in the cultural realm. Janet Wilson’s paper ‘The Abject and the Sublime: Enabling Conditions of New Zealand’s Postcolonial Identity’ skips over the problem of how, precisely, a Kristevan politics might bridge the gap between textual and/or individualistic concerns and New Zealand society. Wilson’s analysis seems to default to a version of the argument from “comparison or homology” that Moi takes to task (Moi 171). For example, Wilson claims that “the nation, New Zealand, can be imaged as the emergent subject” (Wilson 304) and even that “New Zealand’s colonisation, like that of Australia and Canada and perhaps Singapore, can be described in terms of parent-child relations” (Wilson 300). One of the texts considered from within this framework is Janet Frame’s The Carpathians. Wilson is constrained, however, by her notion of the political as necessarily operational at the macro level of the nation and society, and she thereby overlooks the aspect of Frame’s novel that adheres to Sjöholm’s analysis of the ‘micro’ or ‘singular’ politics that circulates on a subterranean stratum throughout Kristeva’s philosophy. The Carpathians is a complex text that links New Zealand’s postcolonial concerns to discourses of myth and science fiction, and to an interrogation of the impossibility of defending any single position of narrative or cultural authority. At the simplest level, it tells the story of Mattina Brecon, an American, who travels to small-town New Zealand and finds herself caught up in a catastrophe of identity and cultural disintegration. The point I want to make here by leaving out much in the way of the actual plot of the novel is that, while it is possible to isolate aspects of a community politics in this novel (for example, in Frame’s portrait of a marae or traditional Maori gathering place), the political impulse of The Carpathians is actually more powerfully directed towards the sort of politics championed by Sjöholm. It takes place ‘beneath’ the plot. In Frame, we witness a ‘miniaturization’ or ‘singularization’ of politics, as when Mattina finds that her own body is abjectly ripe with language: She noticed a small cluster like a healed sore on the back of her left hand. She picked at it. The scab crumbled between her fingers and fell on the table into a heap the size of a twenty-cent coin. Examining it, she discovered it to be a pile of minute letters of the alphabet, some forming minute words, some as punctuation marks; and not all were English letters—there were Arabic, Russian, Chinese and Greek symbols. There must have been over a hundred in that small space, each smaller than a speck of dust yet strangely visible as if mountain-high, in many colours and no colours, sparkling, without fire (Frame 129). In this passage, the body is under no obligation to ‘lift itself up’ to the level of politics conceived in social or large-scale terms. Rather, politics as a community formation of language and nationalities has taken up residence within the body, or more precisely at its abject border, in the form of that which both is and is not of the body: an everyday sore or scab. Abjection operates here as a ‘cultural primer’ to the extent that it pulverizes established notions of, most evidently, the politics of language (English and Maori) in postcolonial New Zealand. Later in the same paragraph from The Carpathians quoted from just now, Frame writes that “The people of Kowhai Street had experienced the disaster of unbeing, unknowing. . . . They were alive, yet on the other side of the barrier of knowing and being” (Frame 129). In this passage, we encounter the challenge promoted equally by Frame’s and (via Sjöholm) Kristeva’s unconventional politics of identity dissolution and reconstitution on a plane of singularity. Sjöholm’s analysis of Kristeva provides a framework for interpreting Frame’s fiction from a perspective that does justice to her particular literary concerns, while The Carpathians offers up an engaging example of the until-now hidden potential carried within Kristeva’s conceptualisation of politics, as drawn out by Sjöholm. References Frame, Janet. The Carpathians. London: Pandora, 1989. Kristeva, Julia. Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection. New York: Columbia UP, 1982. Moi, Toril. Sexual/Textual Politics: Feminist Literary Theory. London: Routledge, 1985. Sjöholm, Cecilia. Kristeva & the Political. London: Routledge, 2005. Spinoza. Ethics. London: Dent, 1993 (1677). Wilson, Janet. “The Abject and Sublime: Enabling Conditions of New Zealand’s Postcolonial Identity.” Postcolonial Cultures and Literatures. Eds. Andrew Benjamin, Tony Davies, and Robbie B. H. Goh. New York: Peter Lang, 2002.
Citation reference for this article
MLA Style
West, Patrick. "Abjection as ‘Singular Politics’ in Janet Frame’s The Carpathians." M/C Journal 9.5 (2006). echo date('d M. Y'); ?> <http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0610/05-west.php>. APA Style
West, P. (Nov. 2006) "Abjection as ‘Singular Politics’ in Janet Frame’s The Carpathians," M/C Journal, 9(5). Retrieved echo date('d M. Y'); ?> from <http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0610/05-west.php>.
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Mercer, Erin. "As Real as the Spice Girls: Representing Identity in Twenty-first Century New Zealand Literature." Journal of New Zealand Studies, no. 9 (May 1, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/jnzs.v0i9.119.
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The concept of authenticity has long been inextricable from identity in Aotearoa New Zealand, ever since Allen Curnow famously urged midtwentieth century artists to focus on the local and the specific in order to create an island nation clearly differentiated from Britain. Recent writers, however, particularly in works that have appeared since the turn of the century, are increasingly questioning just what 'authenticity' means in relation to identity. There is a marked contrast between the part-Maori, part-Pakeha protagonist in Keri Hulmes' 1984 novel the bone people, who explains that 'by blood, flesh, and inheritance, I am but an eighth Maori, by heart, spirit, and inclination, I feel all Maori', and the Fijian New Zealander in Toa Fraser's 1999 play No. 2, who insists that her Nanna is 'about as real Fijian as the Spice Girls'. Writers such as Fraser, Paula Morris and Eleanor Cattan represent identity not as inherent or authentic but as constructed and performed.
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Chan, Daniel ZL, Corina Grey, Rob N. Doughty, Mayanna Lund, Mildred Ai Wei Lee, Katrina Poppe, Matire Harwood, and Andrew Kerr. "Widening ethnic inequities in heart failure incidence in New Zealand." Heart, August 3, 2023, heartjnl—2023–322795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2023-322795.
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ObjectiveEthnic inequities in heart failure (HF) have been documented in several countries. This study describes New Zealand (NZ) trends in incident HF hospitalisation by ethnicity between 2006 and 2018.MethodsIncident HF hospitalisations in ≥20-year-old subjects were identified through International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision-coded national hospitalisation records. Incidence was calculated for different ethnic, sex and age groups and were age standardised. Trends were estimated with joinpoint regression.ResultsOf 116 113 incident HF hospitalisations, 12.8% were Māori, 5.7% Pacific people, 3.0% Asians and 78.6% Europeans/others. 64% of Māori and Pacific patients were aged <70 years, compared with 37% of Asian and 19% of European/others. In 2018, incidence rate ratios compared with European/others were 6.0 (95% CI 4.9 to 7.3), 7.5 (95% CI 6.0 to 9.4) and 0.5 (95% CI 0.3 to 0.8) for Māori, Pacific people and Asians aged 20–49 years; 3.7 (95% CI 3.4 to 4.0), 3.6 (95% CI 3.2 to 4.1) and 0.5 (95% CI 0.4 to 0.6) for Māori, Pacific people and Asians aged 50–69 years; and 1.5 (95% CI 1.4 to 1.6), 1.5 (95% CI 1.3 to 1.7) and 0.5 (95% CI 0.5 to 0.6) for Māori, Pacific people and Asians aged ≥70 years. Between 2006 and 2018, ethnicity-specific rates diverged in ≥70-year-old subjects due to a decline in European/others (annual percentage change (APC) −2.0%, 95% CI −2.5% to −1.6%) and Asians (APC −3.3%, 95% CI −4.4% to −2.1%), but rates remained unchanged for Māori and Pacific people. In contrast, regardless of ethnicity, rates either increased or remained unchanged in <70-year-old subjects.ConclusionEthnic inequities in incident HF hospitalisation have widened in NZ over the past 13 years. Urgent action is required to address the predisposing factors that lead to development of HF in Maori and Pacific people.
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Matelau-Doherty, Tui. "Art, Ethnic Identity and Frozen Actions: Conceptualising Art Created and Displayed in the Home of a Māori Visual Artist and a Samoan Visual Artist." Multimodal Communication 8, no. 1 (May 23, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mc-2018-0005.
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AbstractDefining and understanding a positive and inclusive Māori or Pacific ethnic identity is difficult. Yet doing so is necessary in order to enhance the wellbeing of Māori and Pacific people in New Zealand. This paper argues that analysing the art of a Māori and Samoan visual artist using frozen actions as the analytical tool, reveals their fluid ethnic identity. Actions such as hanging the art, producing the art and researching the art are embedded as frozen actions in the art itself. These identity telling actions reveal a fluid ethnic identity, a positive and inclusive ethnic identity which combines ideas about the social environment and ethnicity.