Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Map Engine'

Geographic data is often used and a necessary part for various tasks, examplescould be city planning, air-traffic control and navigation. In today’s modernworld computer systems are an integral part for accomplishing such tasks. Consequently, software is required to handle geographic data.This report is a study of a number of map engines used in such software.The choice of which map engine to use for producing the desired software isimportant. A particular map engine might not live up to the requirementsset up.

Práce se zabývá webovými knihovnami pro práci s mapou a jejich možným využitím pro implementaci grafického uživatelského rozhraní nativní aplikace Weather Information Service (WIS) společnosti Honeywell. V práci jsou představeny prvky WIS, které je třeba implementovat pro úspěšné převedení aplikace do webového rozhraní. Dále jsou vysvětleny základy mapových knihoven a podrobněji popsány knihovny Leaflet a Altus Map Engine, které byly vybrány pro vytvoření demonstrační aplikace. Jedna kapitola je věnována metodám použitelným pro vykreslování ve webovém prostředí. Práce dále popisuje implementaci demonstrační aplikace, vytvořené za účelem prezentace možností mapových knihoven implementovat prvky WIS. Na závěr jsou diskutovány výhody a nevýhody obou zkoumaných knihoven a jejich použitelnost pro případné využití v aplikaci WIS.

With an imminent future of fully autonomous heavy duty vehicles in offroad applications, the need for advanced control system will increase accordingly. By implementing a raster map with tiles and pixels, to which a vehicle can record slope and position data while driving, it is possible to map earth's surface. By adding a heat parameter to every pixel, i.e. the number of passings through it historically, it is possible in future visits of the same are to generate a route prediction made up by the "hottest" pixels. By fetching the slope values in the hottest pixels, it is possible to generate a slope horizon that can be utilized by control systems, e.g. when planning gear shifts in hilly offroad terrain. To mange the incrementally growing map, a memory management system was implemented. It buffers the relevant map data from the database, i.e. the vehicles closest surroundings, which is then used for route prediction and horizon generation. As the vehicle moves into other areas, new data is read from the database, and the recently passed area is written back to the database, however updated from the recent passing. The system is implemented so that it runs through another application in the telematics electrical controller unit (ECU) in a Scania vehicle. The ECU contains a GNSS module from which the vehicle fetches satellite positioning data. Slope data is fetched from a slope sensor mounted on the truck. Due to implications during testing and debugging of the resulting application developed and implemented during this thesis project, the application's performance couldn't be assessed properly. However, it is concluded that the background the application is built on is reliable, although tweaks to get the application fit for usage in offroad terrain had to be made. Mainly, the horizon length and map building techniques should not be the same as in similar applications for onroad driving.

The thesis proposes an overall performance estimation procedure for a new turbo-rotary compound engine (TURC) and an associated novel thermodynamic cycle. In this engine, two or multiple spools are lined up in series within the engine. In the front spool, positive displacement rotary vane type turbines drive axial compressor the performance of which were estimated using stage stacking calculations. In the back spool, axial turbine stages drive positive displacement rotary vane type compressors, the performance of axial turbine was predicted by series matching of turbine stages. Two air streams feed separately the customary turbo components and the rotary vane components, respectively. Accordingly, the primary high mass flow through the axial compressors and turbines undergoes Bryton cycle, where as the secondary, low mass flow through the positive displacement rotary components is mainly undergoes Akmandor cycle, which is a novel thermodynamic cycle. The energy consumed internally by the engine is minimized because less input shaft power is needed for the rotary vane compressors and higher inlet temperatures and less cooling can be tolerated by the intermittent combustion rotary vane turbines. The result is a radical improvement in both efficiency and net power output. But this result can be estimated, since the novel engine is the combination of a high efficiency internal combustion engine and high performance gas turbine engine. Aerothermodynamics and spool matching calculations comparing a T56-A14 core with a TURC of similar size and compression ratio show that the new engine provides superior performance characteristics by increasing the net output work by 100% and decreasing the specific fuel consumption by 20%.

Aerodynamics studies in a booster such as analysis of the flow through the whole component or study of local turbulent phenomenon constitute a crucial part of its development in order to get better overall performances, like efficiency of the compressor and compression ratio. In order to put in perspective the computational predictions, it is critical to obtain sets of data from tests to caliber numerical analyses and to assure the booster respects design specifications. Aerodynamics testing is then an important part of the development of a compressor. However, it is complicated to obtain such values for many reasons: time constraints, problems regarding support, important costs etc. Thus, it is important to get as much information as possible from these tests data in a limited period in order to spend more time in results interpretation and less in treating raw data. Thus, an optimized tool of treatment to first deduce results from test data; and then to compare different engines or different sets of tests data, to get a wider state of the art and to avoid time-consuming analyses was needed. In order to do so, the first part of the development consists in investigating the existing methods to extract and analyze data from tests already used, and then deducing a general methodology to obtain from raw measures the performances of the studied booster compared to other available data. Once the methods have been set up and validated, the tool in itself was implemented in a practical way. Then, it was important to validate it on real tests values and to observe if it was adjustable for all kind of aerodynamics tests.
Aerodynamikstudier i en booster som analys av flödet genom hela komponenten eller studie av lokal turbulens fenomen utgör en avgörande del av dess utveckling för att få bättre generella prestanda, som kompressorns verkningsgrad och kompressionsförhållandet. För att sätta beräkningsresultat i perspektiv är det kritisk att få datauppsättningar från tester för att kalibrera de numeriska analyser och för att säkerställa att booster uppfyller konstruktionsspecifikationer. Aerodynamisk provning är då en viktig del av utvecklingen av en kompressor. Det är dock komplicerat att få sådana värden av många skäl: tidsbegränsningar, problem angående support, viktiga kostnader osv. Därför är det viktigt att få så mycket information som möjligt från provdata under en begränsad period för att tillbringa mer tid i resultat tolkning och mindre tid på att behandla rådata. Således ett optimerat behandlingsverktyg för att först dra resultat från provdata; och sedan att jämföra olika motorer eller olika uppsättningar av provdata, för att få en bredare databank och att undvika tidskrävande analyser behövdes. För att göra det består den första delen av utvecklingen i att undersöka de befintliga metoderna för att extrahera och analysera data från tester som redan använts, och sedan dra ut en allmän metod för att från råa mått erhålla prestandan hos den studerade boosteren jämfört med andra tillgängliga data. När metoderna har installerats och validerats implementerades verktyget i sig på ett praktiskt sätt. Då var det viktigt att validera det på verkliga testvärden och att se om det var justerbart för alla typer av aerodynamiska test.

In recent years, cognitive radios and cognitive wireless networks have been introduced as a new paradigm for enabling much higher spectrum utilization, providing more reliable and personal radio services, reducing harmful interference, and facilitating the interoperability or convergence of different wireless communication networks. Cognitive radios are goal-oriented, autonomously learn from experience and adapt to changing operating conditions. Cognitive radios have the potential to drive the next generation of radio devices and wireless communication system design and to enable a variety of niche applications in demanding environments, such as spectrum-sharing networks, public safety, natural disasters, civil emergencies, and military operations. This research first introduces an innovative approach to developing cognitive radios based on the Radio Environment Map (REM). The REM can be viewed as an integrated database that provides multi-domain environmental information and prior knowledge for cognitive radios, such as the geographical features, available services and networks, spectral regulations, locations and activities of neighboring radios, policies of the users and/or service providers, and past experience. The REM, serving as a vehicle of network support to cognitive radios, can be exploited by the cognitive engine for most cognitive functionalities, such as situation awareness, reasoning, learning, planning, and decision support. This research examines the role of the REM in cognitive radio development from a network point of view, and focuses on addressing three specific issues about the REM: how to design and populate the REM; how to exploit the REM with the cognitive engine algorithms; and how to evaluate the performance of the cognitive radios. Applications of the REM to wireless local area networks (WLAN) and wireless regional area networks (WRAN) are investigated, especially from the perspectives of interference management and radio resource management, which illustrate the significance of cognitive radios to the evolution of wireless communications and the revolution in spectral regulation. Network architecture for REM-enabled cognitive radios and framework for REM-enabled situation-aware cognitive engine learning algorithms have been proposed and formalized. As an example, the REM, including the data model and basic application programmer interfaces (API) to the cognitive engine, has been developed for cognitive WRAN systems. Furthermore, REM-enabled cognitive cooperative learning (REM-CCL) and REM-enabled case- and knowledge-based learning algorithms (REM-CKL) have been proposed and validated with link-level or network-level simulations and a WRAN base station cognitive engine testbed. Simulation results demonstrate that the WRAN CE can adapt orders of magnitude faster when using the REM-CKL than when using the genetic algorithms and achieve near-optimal global utility by leveraging the REM-CKL and a local search. Simulation results also suggest that exploiting the Global REM information can considerably improve the performance of both primary and secondary users and mitigate the hidden node (or hidden receiver) problem. REM dissemination schemes and the resulting overhead have been investigated and analyzed under various network scenarios. By extending the optimized link state routing protocol, the overhead of REM dissemination in wireless ad hoc networks via multipoint relays can be significantly reduced by orders of magnitude as compared to plain flooding. Performance metrics for various cognitive radio applications are also proposed. REM-based scenario-driven testing (REM-SDT) has been proposed and employed to evaluate the performances of the cognitive engine and cognitive wireless networks. This research shows that REM is a viable, cost-efficient approach to developing cognitive radios and cognitive wireless networks with significant potential in various applications. Future research recommendations are provided in the conclusion.
Ph. D.

The goal of this thesis project is the creation and the validation of an estimation model developed for the prediction of the Wastegate valve behaviour, to define the splitting of mass flow rate between the turbine and the bypass valve in all the operative conditions of the turbocharger system, by an analysis of the experimental data obtained from tests performed in the engine test bench of the University.

Este trabalho apresenta um módulo sensor de pressão absoluta do duto de admissão (MAP) para aplicações automotivas desenvolvido em substrato cerâmico LTCC. Em um veículo com sistema de injeção eletrônica de combustível, o sensor MAP informa a unidade de controle do motor sobre a pressão no duto de admissão permitindo o cálculo da vazão de ar e o ajuste da injeção de combustível. O sensor desenvolvido possui circuitos eletrônicos para a aquisição de sinais analógicos e digitais, realiza o condicionamento de sinal, a calibração e compensação de temperatura através de processamento digital, que permitem a indicação de pressões de 0 a 100kPa na faixa de temperaturas de -40 a +125ºC. Utilizou-se um elemento sensor de pressão piezorresistivo com membrana micro fabricada em silício e um sensor resistivo de temperatura. São apresentadas: a topologia do circuito, a construção, caracterização e testes. O protótipo apresenta precisão melhor do que 1,5% FE em pressão e 0,5% em temperatura. O teste de diferentes sensores de pressão e diferentes funções de transferência é facilmente realizado através de um circuito versátil que permite a alteração via programa. A montagem em cerâmica LTCC é realizada e é desenvolvida uma técnica de montagem do sensor de pressão MEMS em flip-chip, com excelentes resultados. Finalmente, é apresentado o teste em operação real em um veículo.
This paper presents a manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor module developed on LTCC substrate. In electronic fuel injection systems, a MAP sensor measures the vacuum at the engine intake manifold, allowing the electronic control unit to calculate mass flow and control the fuel injection. The sensor developed is composed by electronic circuits for analog signal acquisition and generation, digital signal processing and features software calibration and temperature-compensated pressure indications from 0 to 100kPa in the -40 to +125ºC temperature range. It is presented the assembly of a MEMS silicon pressure sensor and a thermistor on ceramic substrate and also the circuit topology, construction, characterization and tests. The prototype exhibits full scale accuracy better than 1.5% for pressure and 0.5% for temperature measurements. Tests are easily performed with different pressure sensors and different transfer functions due to a versatile circuit which enables software updates. The assembly on LTCC ceramic substrate is performed and an innovative flip-chip assembly technique is developed for MEMS pressure sensors, with excellent results. Finally, it is presented the test on a real vehicle.

This work will be focused on issue of a jet engine. The thesis will be divided into search retrieval part and computational part. In the search retrieval part it will focus on different configurations of jet engines as well as areas of their use. The main part of the thesis will however focus on a calculations where a turbine, compressor and an exhaust nozzle will be designed in order to give a thrust of approximately 1kN. Next step will be determination of an engine charcteristic that will give us a preview on how the engine performance will look like in off-design modes.

É apresentada uma metodologia para descrever o mapa de desempenho (ou mapa de consumo de combustível) de um motor de combustão interna como função de suas condições de operação (rotação e torque) baseados em medições embarcadas. É utilizada para este levantamento a combinação de medições via GPS (para a velocidade longitudinal e inclinação de pista) e OBD-II para aquisição de sinais da rede CAN, como rotação do motor e consumo de combustível. É desenvolvida uma metodologia para o cálculo do torque líquido do motor baseado na medição de velocidade e aceleração longitudinal do veículo com uma margem de incerteza de 2% a 5% no cálculo do torque em condições normais de operações. É realizado um detalhamento da origem das incertezas para avaliar a contribuição individual de cada parâmetro. Um modelo de regressão polinomial é utilizado para descrever o mapa de consume de combustível do motor cujos coeficientes característicos são determinados experimentalmente através da metodologia proposta para cinco veículos diferentes a fim de comprovar a eficácia da metodologia. Os coeficientes de correlação variam de 0.797 a 0.997, sendo que em três de cinco veículos o coeficiente de correlação é maior que 0.910, comprovando a robustez da metodologia.
It is presented a methodology to describe the engine performance map (or the engine fuel map) for an internal combustion engine as a function of its operating conditions (engine speed and torque) based on on-board measurements. It is used a combination of GPS measurements for vehicle speed and road grade together with a OBD-II acquisition system in order to acquire information provided by CAN network, such as engine speed and fuel consumption. A methodology to calculate the engine torque based on speed and acceleration measurements is shown with an average uncertainty in the range of 2% to 5% for torque calculation in normal operating conditions. It is presented a detailed breakdown of the contribution of individual parameters in torque calculation uncertainty. A polynomial regression model to describe the engine fuel map is presented and the coefficients for this model is calculated based on on-road measurements for 5 different vehicles to prove the accuracy of the proposed methodology. The correlation coefficients obtained for these measurements are within the range of 0.797 to 0.997 and three out of five vehicles with correlation coefficient higher than 0.910, proving the methodology robust.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T13:58:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 28
Bolsa para curso e programa de Pós Graduação
Este trabalho apresenta um novo modelo de criação e alteração de mapas de normais, usando uma interface intuitiva que se assemelha a um sistema de pintura. Estes mapas são cruciais para aplicações gráficas, processadas em tempo real, que buscam maior realismo visual. Principalmente jogos digitais atuais se utilizam desta tecnologia, permitindo recriar o visual complexo de um modelo geométrico tridimensional com muitos polígonos, em um modelo simplificado. Desta forma o jogo utiliza somente o modelo mais leve para processar, mas consegue renderizar detalhes no objeto que criam a ilusão de complexidade geométrica. O processo original de criação deste mapa de normal (também conhecido como normal map), é muito trabalhoso. Um artista deve criar o modelo otimizado que será utilizado pelo jogo, além de outro modelo que contém tantos detalhes geométricos quantos forem desejados. Este último modelo servirá apenas como base para a criação do normal map, utilizando algum software 3D que contenha uma ferramenta para
This work presents a novel model of creation and modification of normal maps, using a intuitive interface similar of a paint system. These maps are crucial to graphical applications, processed in real time, that claims better visual realism. Most digital games use this technology, allowing the recreation of the visual complexity of a dense geometric 3D model, in a simplified model. That way game utilize only the lighter model to process, but can render the details on the object that create the illusion of geometric complexity. The creation process of this normal map is very labor intensive. An artist must create the simplified model that will be used in game, besides another model that is as complex as desired. This last model will be used only as a reference to extract the normal map in a 3D software. Then the normal map is applied in the simpler model, that is rendered with the visual detail the normal map represent. This work presents a computacional model that propose the concept of eliminate the creati

L'étude des performances moteur repose traditionnellement sur des modèles de cycle thermodynamique et l'utilisation de champs caractéristiques pour décrire le comportement de sous ensembles élémentaires (compresseurs, turbines,...). Ces modèles simplifiés permettent de prendre en compte les équilibres et interactions entre les différents composants de la turbomachine et ses effets technologiques, En pratique, ces caractéristiques sont issues de techniques d'interpolation/ extrapolation (par exemple la méthode MFT) de d01hnées d'essais ou de calculs aérodynamiques (1D, 2D ou 3D), le plus souvent disponibles seulement autour du point de fonctionnement nominal. Par conséquent, la représentativité de ces caractéristiques n'est pas toujours satisfaisante pour simuler des points de fonctionnement en forte hors adaptation, comme les ralentis ou le windmilling. A l'inverse, les outils de calcul aérodynamique 3D sont capables de simuler des écoulements plus complexes pour tout point de fonctionnement (proche du nominal), Toutefois, leur utilisation est en pratique limitée aux différents sous-ensembles pris séparément, en raison des temps de restitution particulièrement longs pour la simulation d'un moteur complet. Par conséquent, les interactions entre composants ne sont pas prises en compte, d'où la difficulté de prévoir les performances du système propulsif dans son intégralité. L'objectif de ce travail est d'une part de combler ce besoin d'outils de prévision fiables des performances moteur pour des fonctionnements en très forte hors-adaptation et, d'autre part, d'analyser la phénoménologie des écoulements en windmilling
Engine performance is traditionally calculated by thermodynamic models (engine cycle analysis) using characteristic maps to describe engine sub-components behavior (compressors, turbines,...). These simplified models can account for the equilibriums and interactions between all the sub components of the engine, as well as the different technological effects. Interpolation and extrapolation techniques such as th MFT(Map Fitting Tool) are used to build up the characteristic maps with data collected from aerodynamic calculations (CFD, 1D, 2D or 3D) or rig tests that are usually available at design point. However, such techniques do not always provide the level of accuracy needed for off-design cycle analysis such as low speeds and windmilling operatlon. ln addition, these maps do not provide any insight on the physical phenomena governing thls kind of operations.Aerodynamic calculatlon tools are able to simulate complex 3D flows for nearly any operating conditions with a fairly good accuracy. However, they are commonly used on individual sub-components and not the whole engine due to high computing time and resources they require. Therefore, interactions between sub-components are overlooked making it difficult to predict the overall engine performance.The objectives of this thesis are to improve severe off-design engine performance predictions and to understand the physical phenomena in place at steacly-state windmilling operation. Engine winclmilling performance ls critical in early design phase of the primary combustion chamber area that will cletermine engine relight capabilities. Yet, knowledge of how the engine operates during windmilling is still scarce

Elevada eficiencia térmica y mínimas emisiones contaminantes impuestas por las restrictivas normativas anticontaminación en motores alternativos representan el principal objetivos de los fabricantes de motores. La estrategia de combustión diésel convencional es ampliamente utilizada en el mundo gracias a su excelente economía en el consumo de carburante. Esta estrategia permite operar con mezclas pobres de combustible y aire proporcionando elevada eficiencia térmica. Además, este tipo de combustión puede ser aplicada desde motores tanto para vehículos ligeros como en motores marinos. Sin embargo, este proceso de combustión conlleva a la generación de elevadas emisiones de NOx y emisiones de partículas (comúnmente llamado hollín en los diésel), siendo imposible reducir ambos contaminantes de forma simultánea. Por tanto, los fabricantes han incorporado sistemas de post-tratamiento con el objetivo de cumplir con las normativas de emisiones, cuya intención es la de proveer emisiones más limpias y elevada eficiencia. Por el contrario, este tipo de sistemas para mitigar las emisiones contaminantes incrementan la complejidad del motor dado el complejo proceso llevado a cabo durante el post-tratamiento y una aumento en los costes tanto de producción como operativos a lo largo del ciclo de vida del motor. La comunidad científica continua desarrollando soluciones alternativas a la combustión diésel convencional manteniendo los beneficios de este proceso de combustión mientras que las emisiones son reducidas (principalmente NOx y hollín). La comunidad científica ha encontrado en las estrategias de combustión de baja temperatura un proceso de combustión capaz de proporcionar elevada eficiencia térmica y emisiones ultra bajas de NOx y humo. En este sentido, la revisión bibliográfica dice que estos tipos de combustión permiten la reducción simultánea de ambas emisiones, rompiendo así el tradicional "trade-off" existente en la combustión diésel convencional. Sobre todas las estrategias, la que muestra un potencial superior es la estrategia conocida como combustión dominada por la reactividad del combustible. Este proceso de combustión se caracteriza por emplear dos combustibles, siendo capaz de solucionar los principales problemas de las estrategias de baja temperatura tales como el fasado de la combustión. Sin embargo, esta estrategia de combustión también presenta algunos inconvenientes como el elevado nivel de monóxido de carbono e hidrocarburos inquemados a baja carga y elevado gradiente de presión y presión en cámara a elevada carga que limitan el rango de operación. El objetivo general de la presente investigación es proveer de una estrategia de combustión "dual-fuel" capaz de operar sobre todo el rango de operación de un motor proporcionando igual o mejores eficiencia térmica que el diésel convencional y emisiones ultra bajas de NOx y humos. Adicionalmente, esta investigación implica una exploración delas emisiones de las partículas del concepto de combustión ya que el número de partículas se encuentra actualmente regulado por la normativa anticontaminante. El proceso de combustión que responde a este objetivo es "Dual-Mode Dual-Fuel". Este concepto de combustión emplea dos combustibles y cambia de combustión premezclada a baja carga a combustión de naturaleza difusiva a plena carga. Con el deseo de explorar las capacidades de la estrategia de combustión, se han empleado dos configuraciones de "hardware" y se ha realizado un estudio de la distribución por tamaños de las partículas. Finalmente, considerando los principales resultados de la investigación, el último capítulo pretende resumir las principales bondades del concepto de combustión así como sus limitaciones y trabajos futuros.
Elevada eficiència tèrmica i mínimes emissions contaminants impostes per les normatives anticontaminants en motores alternatius representen el principal objectiu dels fabricants de motors. La estratègia de combustió diésel convencional es àmpliament utilitzada per tot el mon gracies al excel·lent consum de carburant. Esta estratègia permet operar el motor amb dosatges pobres que resulten en elevada eficiència tèrmica. A més, aquest tipus de combustió pot ser aplicada tant a els motor mes lleugers con als motor per aplicacions marines. No obstant això, aquest procés de combustió implica la generació de elevats nivells de emissió de NOx i sutja, que no es poden reduir simultàniament. Per tant, els fabricants han incorporat sistemes de post-tractament amb el objectiu de acomplir les normatives anticontaminació, que pretenen obtindre motors en emissions mes netes i mes eficients. Per el contrari, aquest tipus de sistemes per a reduir les emissions incrementen la complexitat del motor i els costos tant de producció com operatius al llarg del cicle de vida del motor. La comunitat científica continua desenvolupant solucions alternatives a la combustió dièsel mantenint els beneficis d¿aquest tipus de combustió però reduint les emissions (principalment NOx i sutja). La comunitat científica ha trobat a les estratègies de combustió de baixa temperatura un procés de combustió que te elevada eficiència tèrmica i extremadament baixes emissions de NOx y partícules. En aquest sentit, la revisió bibliogràfica constata que aquests tipus de combustions permeten la reducció simultània dels contaminants NOx i sutja, trencant el tradicional "trade-off" existent a la combustió dièsel. De entre totes les estratègies proposades de baixa temperatura, la estratègia combustió dominada per la reactivitat del combustible presenta mes potencial que les altres. Aquest procés de combustió es caracteritza per utilitzar dos combustibles, lo que li permet solventar els principals problemes que han aparegut al llarg de la investigació de les estratègies de baixa temperatura com el control de la combustió. No obstant, aquest concepte de combustió també presenta algunes limitacions com el excessiu nivell de monòxid de carbó e inquemats a baixa càrrega i el elevat gradient de pressió i elevada pressió en càmera a elevada càrrega que limiten el rang de operació del motor. El objectiu de la investigació es proposar un concepte de combustió "dual-fuel" que puga operar en tot el rang de operació de un motor proporcionant el mateix o millorant la eficiència tèrmica que el dièsel amb emissions ultra baixes de NOx y partícules. A més, aquesta investigació també implica realitzar una exploració de les partícules emitides per el concepte ja que actualment està regulat per les normatives anticontaminants. El procés de combustió que compleix el objectiu es diu "Dual-Mode Dual-Fuel". Aquest concepte de combustió utilitza dos combustibles de diferent reactivitat y modifica la combustió de totalment premesclada a baixa càrrega a combustió de natura difusiva a plena càrrega. Amb el desig de explorar les capacitats del concepte, s¿han arribat a provar dos configuracions de pistons diferent per a adequar la relació de compressió i també un anàlisi per tamanys de les partícules. Finalment, considerant els principals resultats obtinguts, el últim capítol pretén resumir les principals avantatges del concepte ací com les principals limitacions y , per tant, els treballs futurs.
High thermal efficiency coupled to minimum pollutants emissions imposed by the stringent standard emissions limitations in reciprocating engines represent the main target of the engine manufacturers industry. Conventional diesel combustion strategy is widely used worldwide due to its excellent fuel economy. This combustion strategy allows operating under lean mixtures of fuel and air that provide high thermal efficiency. In addition, this type of combustion can be applied from light-duty engines to large bore marine engines. However, the combustion process leads to high NOx and particle matter emissions, being impossible to reduce both pollutants simultaneously. Hence, manufactures have incorporated aftertreatment systems in order to meet the imposed standard emissions limitations, which are aimed to provide cleaner emissions and high efficiency. By contrast, these systems required for the emissions mitigation result in a very complex processes and an increase in the engine production and operational costs. The research community continues developing alternative solutions to the conventional diesel combustion concept keeping the benefits of this combustion process while the emissions are reduced (mainly focused on NOx and soot). Research community have found in the low temperature combustion strategies the combustion process able to provide excellent high thermal efficiency and ultra-low NOx and smoke emissions. In this sense, the literature review states that this types of combustion processes allow the simultaneous reduction of NOx and smoke, breaking the traditional trade-off found in diesel engines. Amongst others, the most promising strategy is the reactivity controlled compression ignition. This combustion process is characterized by using two fuels and is able to solve the main challenges of the low temperature combustion processes such as combustion phasing control. Nonetheless, the reactivity controlled strategy also presents some challenges such as excessive carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons during low load operation and high pressure rise rate and in-cylinder pressure that limit the engine range operation. The general objective of this investigation is to provide a dual-fuel strategy able to operate over the whole range providing similar or better thermal efficiency that the conventional diesel combustion and ultra-low values of NOx and smoke. In addition, the investigation also explores the particle emissions of the concept since it is regulated by the standard emissions. The combustion process that responds to the target provided at the general objective is the Dual-Fuel Dual-Mode concept. This concept uses two fuels and switches from a dual-fuel fully premixed strategy (based on the RCCI concept) during low load operation to a diffusive nature during high load operation. In order to explore the capabilities of the concept, two hardware configurations are used and a particle size distribution exploration is performed. Finally, considering the main findings of the investigation, the last chapter is aimed to provide the benefits of the combustion process developed as well as the main limitations or future works of the concept.
Boronat Colomer, V. (2018). Dual-Fuel Dual-Mode combustion strategy to achieve high thermal efficiency, low NOx and smoke emissions in compression ignition engines [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/113413
TESIS

This thesis focuses on development of web-based GPS data management system in a cloud environment. The thesis introduces the most used application interfaces for building custom mapping applications. It offers a comparison of cloud platforms such as Google App Engine and OpenShift Online. It also deals with the design and the implementation of system for OpenShift Online platform. The system focuses on importing tracks from GPX format, managing tracks, viewing tracks on map tiles from Mapy.cz, searching for tracks, creating an elevation profile and various statistics.

In recent years gasoline engines have become increasingly complex, for example through the introduction of electronic control and monitoring systems for ignition, fuel injection and exhaust aftertreatment. Parallel to this the requirements placed upon engines have also increased hence the need to develop new engine technologies. This demand for new technologies is, in part, due to the self obligation of the automobile industry to reduce the CO2 emissions about 25% by 2005, and also to the increasingly stringent future exhaust limits. Some promising solutions are currently in development, e.g. the direct injection gasoline engine and variable valve trains. All these new technologies are characterised by increasing complexity and significantly higher degrees of freedom. The associated application expenditure rises drastically with the number of free parameters and also with improved quality standards. Possible solutions to meet the future requirements of the development process are based on model-based parameter optimisation and the use of test methods, such as "Design of Experiments" (DoE). The idea behind this approach is to produce models to describe the dependence of the responses of interest (i.e. fuel consumption) on the adjusted engine parameters. With these models offline optimisation of the engine can be carry out, independently of testbench resources. The measured data for the models are produced with the help of statistically designed experiments. Thus, the testing and analysis processes are structured and the expenditure limited. In the following the DoE methodology will be employed of a gasoline engine with electromechanical valve train
Der Ottomotor im Kraftfahrzeug hat in den letzten Jahren mit dem Einzug elektronischer Steuer- und Regelsysteme für Zündung, Einspritzung und Abgasnachbehandlung einen sehr hohen technischen Stand erreicht. Die wachsenden Ansprüche an die Motorenentwicklung im Hinblick auf Verbrauchsreduzierung bei gleichzeitiger Erfüllung der zukünftigen Abgasgrenzwerte, verschärfen den Druck zur Entwicklung weiterführender Technologien. Hierbei gibt es bereits einige vielversprechende Lösungsansätze, wie z.B. die Direkteinspritzung oder variable Ventilsteuerungen. All diese neuen Technologien zeichnen sich durch eine wachsende Komplexität durch die signifikant höhere Anzahl von Freiheitsgraden aus. Der damit verbundene Applikationsaufwand steigt drastisch durch die wachsende Anzahl freier Parameter, aber auch durch die steigenden Anforderungen an die Qualität der Applikationsergebnisse. Einen möglichen Lösungsansatz zur Realisierung der zukünftigen Anforderungen an den Entwicklungsprozess stellen die modellgestützte Parameteroptimierung sowie der Einsatz der "Statistischen Versuchsplanung" (SVP) - "Design of Experiments" (DoE) - dar. Der Grundgedanke basiert auf der Erstellung von Modellen zur Beschreibung der Abhängigkeiten variierter Verstellparameter. Mit diesen Modellen können Offline-Optimierungen unabhängig von Prüfstandsressourcen durchgeführt werden. Die für die Modellbildung benötigten Messdaten werden mit Hilfe der statistischen Versuchsplanung erzeugt. Dadurch wird der Prozess strukturiert und der Aufwand wird begrenzt. In der Arbeit wird der Einsatz der DoE-Methodik am Beispiel eines Ottomotors mit elektromechanischer Ventilsteuerung (EMVS) aufgezeigt

La diminution de la cylindrée ou le downsizing du moteur est potentiellement l'une des stratégies les plus efficaces pour améliorer la consommation de carburant et diminuer les émissions polluantes. Dans le domaine de la suralimentation, la simulation est limitée par les caractéristiques de fonctionnement des turbines fournies par les constructeurs. Une extrapolation précise et fiable des cartographies turbine est donc l’objectif de cette thèse. Une étude expérimentale sur une turbine radiale d’un turbocompresseur est effectuée avec différentes techniques pour mesurer la cartographie turbine la plus large possible. Les mesures sont effectuées sur un banc turbocompresseur classique avec différentes températures d'entrée turbine. Puis une technique de gavage en entrée et en sortie compresseur est testée. Le compresseur est ensuite remplacé par un autre compresseur à roue inversée qui peut aider la turbine à tourner et même l’entrainer. Les débits les plus faibles et même les débits négatifs sont mesurés. Un banc turbine électromécanique a également été développé, mais n’a pas pu donner de résultats satisfaisants à cause de problèmes techniques mais des évolutions à venir restent prometteuses. Les diverses techniques expérimentales testées ont aussi permis de mesurer le rendement isentropique de la turbine et le rendement mécanique du turbocompresseur. Finalement, plusieurs modèles d’extrapolation des courbes caractéristiques turbine ont été testés et confrontés aux résultats expérimentaux
Engine downsizing is potentially one of the most effective strategies being explored to improve fuel economy and reduce emissions. In the field of turbocharging,simulation is limited by the operating characteristics of turbines supplied by the manufacturers. An accurate and precise extrapolation of the turbine performance maps is the main aim of this study. An experimental study was done on a radial turbine of a turbocharger with different techniques to measure the wider turbine performance map possible. Measurements were done on a classic turbocharger test bench with different turbine inlet temperatures. Then air was blown to the compressor inlet and exit: it is the compressor “gavage”. The compressor is then replaced with another one with are versed rotor: this compressor can help the turbine turn and even drive it itself. The lowest mass flow rates are measured even the negative ones. An electromechanical turbine test bench was developed but did not work correctly because of technical problems but future developments are promising. The various experimental techniques used allowed also the measurement of the turbine isentropic efficiency and the turbocharger mechanical efficiency. Finally, many extrapolation models of the turbine performance maps were tested and compared to the experimental results

In recent years gasoline engines have become increasingly complex, for example through the introduction of electronic control and monitoring systems for ignition, fuel injection and exhaust aftertreatment. Parallel to this the requirements placed upon engines have also increased hence the need to develop new engine technologies. This demand for new technologies is, in part, due to the self obligation of the automobile industry to reduce the CO2 emissions about 25% by 2005, and also to the increasingly stringent future exhaust limits. Some promising solutions are currently in development, e.g. the direct injection gasoline engine and variable valve trains. All these new technologies are characterised by increasing complexity and significantly higher degrees of freedom. The associated application expenditure rises drastically with the number of free parameters and also with improved quality standards. Possible solutions to meet the future requirements of the development process are based on model-based parameter optimisation and the use of test methods, such as "Design of Experiments" (DoE). The idea behind this approach is to produce models to describe the dependence of the responses of interest (i.e. fuel consumption) on the adjusted engine parameters. With these models offline optimisation of the engine can be carry out, independently of testbench resources. The measured data for the models are produced with the help of statistically designed experiments. Thus, the testing and analysis processes are structured and the expenditure limited. In the following the DoE methodology will be employed of a gasoline engine with electromechanical valve train.
Der Ottomotor im Kraftfahrzeug hat in den letzten Jahren mit dem Einzug elektronischer Steuer- und Regelsysteme für Zündung, Einspritzung und Abgasnachbehandlung einen sehr hohen technischen Stand erreicht. Die wachsenden Ansprüche an die Motorenentwicklung im Hinblick auf Verbrauchsreduzierung bei gleichzeitiger Erfüllung der zukünftigen Abgasgrenzwerte, verschärfen den Druck zur Entwicklung weiterführender Technologien. Hierbei gibt es bereits einige vielversprechende Lösungsansätze, wie z.B. die Direkteinspritzung oder variable Ventilsteuerungen. All diese neuen Technologien zeichnen sich durch eine wachsende Komplexität durch die signifikant höhere Anzahl von Freiheitsgraden aus. Der damit verbundene Applikationsaufwand steigt drastisch durch die wachsende Anzahl freier Parameter, aber auch durch die steigenden Anforderungen an die Qualität der Applikationsergebnisse. Einen möglichen Lösungsansatz zur Realisierung der zukünftigen Anforderungen an den Entwicklungsprozess stellen die modellgestützte Parameteroptimierung sowie der Einsatz der "Statistischen Versuchsplanung" (SVP) - "Design of Experiments" (DoE) - dar. Der Grundgedanke basiert auf der Erstellung von Modellen zur Beschreibung der Abhängigkeiten variierter Verstellparameter. Mit diesen Modellen können Offline-Optimierungen unabhängig von Prüfstandsressourcen durchgeführt werden. Die für die Modellbildung benötigten Messdaten werden mit Hilfe der statistischen Versuchsplanung erzeugt. Dadurch wird der Prozess strukturiert und der Aufwand wird begrenzt. In der Arbeit wird der Einsatz der DoE-Methodik am Beispiel eines Ottomotors mit elektromechanischer Ventilsteuerung (EMVS) aufgezeigt.

Introduction
Current instrumentation makes it possible to measure vehicle emissions with high temporal resolution. But the increased resolution of emissions signals does not equate with increased accuracy. A prerequisite for the derivation of accurate emission factors from instantaneous vehicle emissions data is a fine allocation of measured mass emissions to recorded engine or vehicle states. This poses a technical challenge, because vehicle emission test facilities are not designed to support instantaneous emissions modelling, and they introduce distorting effects that compromise the instantaneous accuracy of the measured signals.

Methodology
These distorting effects can be compensated through a combination of physical modelling and data post-processing. The main original contribution of this dissertation is a novel methodology for the compensation of instantaneous emission signals, which is fully described herein. Whereas previous methodologies relied on systems theory modelling, and on comprehensive testing to model the sub-systems of the measurement setup, the alternative approach uses CO2 as a tracer of the distortions brought about by the measurement setup, which is modelled as a 'lump' system.

Conclusions
The main benefits of this methodology are its low burden of experimental work and its flexibility. Furthermore, it has been fully implemented in the 'esto' software tool, which can perform the compensation of emission signals with minimal user intervention and speed up the creation of engine emission maps.

This thesis discusses the possibilities to visualise the presentation layer of a search engine on a mobile device in an alternative way. Previous work in the area has shown that the use of text-based-lists can be problematic when accessed on a device with a limited display. In the scope of the thesis and in order to tackle the current problems when displaying the results a literature review was carried out. The findings of the review formed the basis for a requirement definition on which a mock-up was developed. The mock-up was then evaluated and tested during a usability test where a number of users got to experience the alternative presentation layer that uses a visualisation technique called tree- map. The results from the test show that the mock-up could be seen as a alternative to the current presentation of results. The mock-up also shows that a future implementation could also include the use of categories and sorting of information in order to provide content with a meaning.

The use of procedural content generation is becoming more and more popular in the video game industry. With games such as Minecraft or No Man’s Sky we have seen the potential of PCG in video game creation but also its challenges. In fact, while the processing power and memory capabilities of our machines are unceasingly growing, human capability for content creation doesn’t seem to be able to follow the same pace. Game developers had then to come up with several techniques and methods that will help them generate lots of content for their games while still keeping a certain level of control on the output. Urbis Terram is a procedural city generation tool for Unity3D that allows the creation of complete cities to be used in video games or simulations made with this engine. The goal of this thesis is to tackle the technical challenge of designing and implementing a PCG tool that will help game developers to quickly generate terrains, road networks and allotment spaces for buildings and other urban areas. The goal is to have a unique complete city generation tool that can enable quick game design iterations and can be used to create complex virtual worlds.

Gas turbine performance models are usually created in an object oriented manner, where different standard components are connected to form the complete model. The characteristics of these components are often represented by component maps and empirical correlations. However, engine specific component characteristics are seldom available to anyone outside of the manufacturers. It is therefore very common for researchers to use publicly accessible or generic component maps instead. But in order to reduce prediction errors the maps have to be modified to fit any specific engine. This thesis work investigates the process of adapting a parametric turbofan engine model to a limited amount of test-data using the propulsion program EVA. Steady state test-data was generated using an initial reference model with SLS operating conditions. Another engine model with different fan, compressor and turbine maps was then used in the adaptation. An initial on-design model was adapted to the highest power test-data point. This model is based on aerothermodynamic equations and is used as a reference to scale the generic component maps to. A sensitivity analysis was done at this point in order to find dependencies between unknown component parameters and test data. These were then included in the cycle solver which employs a version of the Newton-Raphson method. After the fan and compressor maps had been scaled to the design point they were adapted to test-data by adjusting the mass flow parameters in a direct search optimizer. Finally, speed lines in the fan and compressor maps were relabeled to reduce rotor speed errors. The adapted performance model was then validated against the reference model at a few flying conditions. The performance model results demonstrate that it is possible to greatly reduce prediction errors by only adjusting the corrected mass flow in fan and compressor maps. Additionally, rotor speed errors could successfully be corrected as a final step in the adaptation by relabeling speed lines in the component maps. When validated, the adapted model had a maximum parameter error of 1.5%.

Aero-engine assemblies are complex structures typically involving two or three nested rotors mounted within a flexible casing via squeeze-film damper (SFD) bearings. The deployment of SFDs into such structures is highly cost-effective but requires careful calculation since they can be highly nonlinear in their performance, particularly if they are unsupported (i.e. without a retainer spring). The direct study of whole-engine models with nonlinear bearings has been severely limited by the fact that current nonlinear computational techniques are not well-suited for complex large-order systems. The main contributions of this thesis are: • A procedure for unbalance response computation, suitable for generic whole-engine models with nonlinear bearings, which significantly extends the capability of current finite element packages. This comprises two novel nonlinear computational techniques: an implicit time domain integator referred to as the Impulsive Receptance Method (IRM) that enables rapid computation in the time domain; a whole-engine Receptance Harmonic Balance Method (RHBM) for rapid calculation of the periodic response in the frequency domain. Both methods use modal data calculated from a one-off analysis of the linear part of the engine at zero speed.• First-ever analyses on real twin-spool and three-spool engines. These studies illustrate the practical use of these solvers, provide an insight into the nonlinear dynamics of whole-engines and correlate with a limited amount of industrial experimental data. Both IRM and RHBM are directly formulated in terms of the relative response at the terminals of the nonlinear bearings. This makes them practically immune to the number of modes that need to be included, which runs into several hundreds for a typical engine. The two solvers are extensively tested on two/three-shaft engine models (with 5-6 SFDs) provided by a leading engine manufacturer using an SFD model that is used in industry. The tests show the IRM to be many times faster than an established robust conventional implicit integrator while achieving a similar level of accuracy. It is also shown to be more reliable than another popular implicit algorithm. The RHBM enables, for the first time, the frequency domain computation of the nonlinear response of whole-engine models. Its use is illustrated for both Single-Frequency Unbalance (SFU) excitation (unbalance confined to only one shaft) and Multi-Frequency Unbalance (MFU) excitation (unbalance located on two or more shafts, rotating at different speeds). Excellent correlation is demonstrated between RHBM and IRM.The parametric studies compare and contrast the frequency spectra for SFU and MFU cases. They also reveal the varying degree of lift at the unsupported SFDs. The sensitivity of the response to end-sealing and bearing housing alignment is also illustrated. It is demonstrated that the use of suitably preloaded vertically oriented “bump-springs” at the SFDs of heavy rotors produces a significant improvement in journal lift. It is also shown that the consideration of a slight amount of distributed damping in the structure significantly affects the predicted casing vibration levels, bringing them closer to measured levels, while having little effect on the SFD orbits.

This master’s thesis is mainly focused on creating our own car driving simulator and basic data gathering from the driver’s input. To achieve this goal, the thesis includes introduction to man-machine systems and basic information about functions and runtime game engine employs. Research about commonly used open source game engines is also presented with a detailed focus on the engine we chose - Unreal Engine. In conclusion ofthis thesis, a full version of a car driving simulator is created with gathered data analysis.

This thesis focuses on the definition of important terms in e-commerce for the proper functioning e-shop. It analyzes the current condition of an existing e-shop and on the basis of the weaknesses proposes a partial strategy for further promotion of trade.

Internal combustion engines developments are driven by emissions reduction and energetic efficiency increase. To reach the next standards, downsized/downspeeded engines are required to reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. These techniques place an important demand on the charging system and force the introduction of multistage boosting architectures. With many possible arrangements and large number of parameter to optimize, these architectures present higher complexity than current systems. The objective of this thesis has thus been to investigate the potential of two-stage boosting architectures to establish, for the particular case of passenger car downsized/downspeeded Diesel engines, the most efficient solutions for achieving the forthcoming CO2 emissions targets. To respond to this objective, an exhaustive literature review of all existing solutions has first been performed to determinate the most promising two-stage boosting architectures. Then, a new matching methodology has been defined to optimize the architectures with, on the one hand the development of a new turbine characteristic maps representation allowing straight forward matching calculations and, on the other hand, the development of a complete 0D engine model able to predict, within a reduced computational time, the behavior of any boosting architecture in both steady state and transient operating conditions. Finally, a large parametric study has been carried out to analyze and compare the different architectures on the same base engines, to characterize the impacts of thermo-mechanical limits and turbocharger size on engine performance, and to quantify for different engine development options their potential improvements in term of fuel consumption, maximum power and fun to drive. As main contributions, the thesis provides new modeling tools for efficient matching calculations and synthesizes the main trends in advanced boosting systems to guide future passenger car Diesel engine develop
Varnier ., ON. (2012). Trends and Limits of Two-Stage Boosting Systems for Automotive Diesel Engines [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/16880
Palancia

Con la presente dissertazione è mio scopo illustrare come sia cambiato negli anni ECMAScript (la versione ufficiale di JavaScript, standardizzata dall'associazione ECMA) attraverso un'analisi di alcune delle sue funzionalità principali. Vuole essere un’indagine non solo teorica, ma anche pratica per scoprire se l’evoluzione abbia portato effettivamente a un progresso dal punto di vista del codice e dell’efficienza del risultato. In conclusione, a livello di programmazione mi sono trovata progressivamente meglio nell’impiego dei costrutti via via più recenti: sono risultati più comodi, visivamente puliti e logici. Anche gli esiti delle valutazioni mi hanno confermato come il bilancio evolutivo di ECMAScript, secondo quanto analizzato, sia positivo.

Questa tesi è volta allo studio e alla realizzazione di un rudimentale editor grafico per ambienti tridimensionali, che implementi funzionalità simili ad altri programmi di questo ambito. Poiché si tratta di un progetto molto complesso, l’obiettivo finale di questa tesi è di realizzare un prototipo di editor grafico nell'ambito dell'arredamento immobiliare, che implementi le funzionalità di base tipiche per un'applicazione di questo tipo: importazione di modelli, interazione ed assemblaggio degli stessi, rendering finale. In dettaglio viene costruito un motore grafico utilizzando il linguaggio di programmazione Java e le API OpenGL, che implementa il modello di illuminazione locale di Phong e che gestisce anche il rendering delle ombre. L'utente può selezionare gli oggetti ed interagire con essi nell’ambiente tridimensionale. Particolare attenzione nello sviluppo è stata posta all'algoritmo Moller-Trumbore, per la selezione degli oggetti, e a tecniche particolari per il rendering delle ombre, che non vengono gestite dal modello di illuminazione locale di Phong.

This master thesis report discusses the use of self-organizing maps in a diesel engine management system. Self-organizing maps are one type of artificial neural networks that are good at visualizing data and solving classification problems. The system studied is the Vindax(R) development system from Axeon Ltd. By rewriting the problem formulation also function estimation and conditioning problems can be solved apart from classification problems.

In this report a feasibility study of the Vindax(R) development system is performed and for implementation the inlet air system is diagnosed and the engine torque is estimated. The results indicate that self-organizing maps can be used in future diagnosis functions as well as virtual sensors when physical models are hard to accomplish.

Modern software systems are increasingly characterized by uncertainties in the operating context and user requirements. These uncertainties are difficult to predict at design time. Achieving the quality goals of such systems depends on the ability of the software to deal with these uncertainties at runtime. A self-adaptive system employs a feedback loop to continuously monitor and adapt itself to achieve particular quality goals (i.e., adaptation goals) regardless of uncertainties. Current research applies formal techniques to provide guarantees for adaptation goals, typically using exhaustive verification techniques. Although these techniques offer strong guarantees for the goals, they suffer from well-known state explosion problem. In this thesis, we take a broader perspective and focus on two types of guarantees: (1) functional correctness of the feedback loop, and (2) guaranteeing the adaptation goals in an efficient manner. To that end, we present ActivFORMS (Active FORmal Models for Self-adaptation), a formally founded model-driven approach for engineering self-adaptive systems with guarantees. ActivFORMS achieves functional correctness by direct execution of formally verified models of the feedback loop using a reusable virtual machine. To efficiently provide guarantees for the adaptation goals with a required level of confidence, ActivFORMS applies statistical model checking at runtime. ActivFORMS supports on the fly changes of adaptation goals and updates of the verified feedback loop models that meet the changed goals. To demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the approach, we applied ActivFORMS in several domains: warehouse transportation, oceanic surveillance, tele assistance, and IoT building security monitoring.
Marie Curie CIG, FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, Project ID: 303791

Les centaines de millions de véhicules du parc automobile mondial nous rappellent à quel point notre société dépend du moteur à combustion interne. Malgré des progrès significatifs en termes d’émissions polluantes et de consommation, les moteurs à essence et diesel demeurent l’une des principales sources de pollution de l’air des centres urbains modernes. Ce constat motive les autorités à renforcer les normes anti-pollution, qui tendent à complexifier la définition technique des moteurs. En particulier, un nombre croissant d’actionneurs fait aujourd’hui, du contrôle de la chaîne d’air, un challenge majeur. Dans un marché de plus en plus mondialisé et où le temps de développement de moteurs se doit d’être de plus en plus court, ces travaux entendent proposer une solution aux problèmes liés à cette augmentation de la complexité. La proposition repose sur une approche en trois étapes et combine : modélisation physique du moteur, contrôle prédictif non linéaire et programmation multiparamétrique. Le cas du contrôle de la chaîne d’air d’un moteur à essence suralimenté sert de fil conducteur au document. Dans son ensemble, les développements présentés ici fournissent une approche quasi-systématique pour la synthèse du contrôle de la chaîne des moteurs à essence suralimentés. Intuitivement, le raisonnement doit pouvoir être étendu à d’autres boucles de contrôle et au cas des moteurs diesel
The hundreds of millions of passenger cars and other vehicles on our roads emphasize our society’s reliance on internal combustion engines. Despite striking progress in terms of pollutant emissions and fuel consumption, gasoline and diesel engines remain one of the most important sources of air pollution in modern urban areas. This leads the authorities to lay down increasingly drastic pollutant emission standards, which entail ever more complex engine technical definitions. In particular, due to an increasing number of actuators in the past few years, the air path of internal combustion engines represents one of the biggest challenges of engine control design. The present thesis addresses this issue of increasing engine complexity with respect to the continuous reduction in development time, dictated by a more and more competitive globalized market. The proposal consists in a three-step approach that combines physics-based engine modeling, nonlinear model predictive control and multi-parametric nonlinear programming. The latter leads to an explicit piecewise affine feedback control law, compatible with a real-time implementation. The proposed approach is applied to the particular case of the control of the air path of a turbocharged gasoline engine. Overall, the developments presented in this thesis provide a quasi-systematic approach for the synthesis of the control of the air path of turbocharged gasoline engines. Intuitively, this approach can be extended to other control loops in both gasoline and diesel engines

This thesis was built on a practical work for LM Ericsson Data AB and deals with how toexamine an information need for a limited department within the corporation using aqualitative interview method.The thesis deals with how to search for requested information on the Internet and the WorldWide Web (WWW). It contains a model and a method for evaluation of search engines onthe World Wide Web, and 16 search engines which primarily indexes the World Wide Webare being evaluated.

Bricoleur, digitala varelser och brus utgör tre viktiga noder, runt vilka mitt konstnärliga arbete rör sig. Parallellt med ett antal av mina verk beskrivs dessa begrepp kortfattat.
Bricoleur, digital beings and noise are three important nodes, making up cornerstones of my artistic work. These ideas are explained briefly parallel to a selection of my artworks.

Les méthodes stochastiques de Monte-Carlo représentent une solution élégante permettant de calculer des effets d'illumination globale de manière plus réaliste que d'autres algorithmes de rendus. Toutefois, le principal inconvénient de ces méthodes réside dans les temps de calcul conséquents qu'ils immpliquent la plupart du temps. Que ce soit par l'utilisation de structures de données hiérarchiques ou par la distribution des calculs sur un cluster d'ordinateurs personnels en passant par l'implémentation sur une architecture de type super-ordinateur, nombre de méthodes existent en vues d'améliorer les performances des algorithmes de Monte-Carlo en terme de temps de rendu. Nous apportons une contribution à ce domaine très actif en abordant la question sous plusieurs angles. D'une part nous proposons une étude approfondie d'un serveur de calcul commercial dédié au calcul de lancer de rayons, et nous proposons une méthode afin d'étendre le champ d'appliqations de ce serveur aux techniques de Monte-Carlo pour le rendu. D'autre part, nous présentons une méthode de classification des rayons au sein et une reconstruction des algorithmes de Monte-Carlo classiques, permettant ainsi une utilisation efficace des cartes graphiques programmables récentes pour l'accélération du calcul d'intersections intervenants dans le processus. Enfin nous proposons l'architecture logicielle modulable IGLOO, conçue dans le cadre de cette thèse afin de disposer au sein du Laboratoire d'Informatique du Littoral d'une plate-forme de développement et de comparaison des techniques de Monte-Carlo commune servant de base à de nombreux projets en cours dans le cadre d'autres travaux
Monte-Carlo methods are elegant and efficient solutions for computing realistic global illumination effects far better than most other algorithms. However the main drawback of these methods appears in the important rendering times involved by such techniques. By using adapted hierarchical data structures, distributing the main part of computations on a large personal computer cluster or even designing a specific dedicated software for a specific supercomputer architecture, many solutions exist, trying to improve Monte-Carlo algorithms performances from a rendering time point of view. In our work we contribute to this particularly active research topic and we approach it in several and complementary ways. First of all we propose a near complete study of ray-tracing dedicated server, and we propose to extend ots capabilities to the use of Monte-Carlo methods for rendering. Then, we present a specific method of our own in order to classify rays and an adapted rebuild of classical Monte-Carlo algorithms, so we can efficiently use modern programmable graphics cards to accelerate intersections tests involved in the rendering process. Last but not least, we present the IGLOO modular software architecture. It has been designed and implemented during this thesis in order to permit the whole LIL Laboratory to benefit from a commune development and benchmark platform for Monte-Carlo methods. This architecture is at the basis of many other thesis works actually in progress

Uma nova metodologia para a criação de mapas base de injeção eletrônica de combustível para motores de combustão interna de ignição a centelha é apresentada e seu comportamento é comparado com os resultados fornecidos pela metodologia MVEM. A partir da utilização de equacionamentos da literatura, é feita uma modelagem do ciclo ideal Otto para um motor genérico alternativo monocilíndrico de 500 cm³ de volume deslocado. É modelada também uma válvula do tipo borboleta genérica de 0,06 m³ de diâmetro que opera tanto em regime subsônico quanto sônico. A pressão à jusante da borboleta é calculada para aberturas de 5° a 88,64°. Os modelos são acoplados a partir da vazão mássica de ar admitida, que é o parâmetro principal, sendo programados e simulados usando o programa comercial EES. O mapa base de pressão por abertura de borboleta por rotação resultante mostra o detalhe de descontinuidade pelo uso das equações de vazão mássica juntamente com a imposta pelas equações de coeficiente de descarga, implicando na mudança brusca de valores de pressão calculados para a região de abertura menor que 20%. O mapa de vazão mássica de combustível por rotação e por abertura de borboleta para uma razão estequiométrica de 14,67 também é gerado. Nele é possível observar a demanda por vazão mássica de combustível para cada rotação e abertura da válvula borboleta mostrando o caminho a ser seguido pelo motor para que seja atingida a vazão mássica necessária para obter-se a relação ar/combustível desejada. A metodologia proposta gera mapas base de combustível para módulos de injeção eletrônica. Os resultados são apresentados na forma de gráficos. O modelo produz resultados satisfatórios, reproduzindo o comportamento da válvula borboleta, comparado com a literatura.
A new methodology for EMS base maps to the internal combustion spark ignition engines is presented. Its behavior is compared with results from the MVEM methodology. From the technical literature an ideal Otto cycle for a generic reciprocating single cylinder engine with 500 cm³ of displaced volume. Also, throttle valve with a diameter of 0.06 m of diameter operating in subsonic and sonic flow regime is modeled. The downstream pressure is calculated for throttle openings of 5° to 88.64°. The models are coupled using the engine air mass flow rate as the main parameter, being programmed and simulated using a commercial EES software. The base map of pressure versus throttle opening and engine speed shows the discontinuity detail imposed from the mass flow and discharge coefficient equations, resulting into a abrupt change of pressure values calculated for an opening region less than 20%. The fuel mass flow versus revolutions per minute versus throttle valve opening for stoichiometric air fuel ratio of 14.67 is also generated. In such map it is possible to show the fuel mass flow demand for each rotation and throttle opening showing the path to be followed by the engine to reach the mass air flow needed to reach the target air fuel ratio. This methodology generates base fuel maps for electronic fuel injection modules. The results are presented in graph forms. The model presents satisfactory results that reproduce the throttle valve behavior, compared to the literature.

Le but de cette thèse est d’analyser l’emploi des blindés dans globalité et jusqu’aux plus petits échelons (pelotons, équipages) c’est-à-dire à hauteur d’hommes (slogan devenu à la mode depuis). En effet beaucoup d’écrits et d’études précédents restent souvent au niveau tactique voire stratégique. Il s’agit également d’étudier les éventuelles différences entre la théorie doctrinale et son application sur le terrain, voir si l’emploi des blindés variait en fonction des acteurs et si oui pourquoi. Cette étude se veut globale, elle prend en compte, les hommes (donc leur formation, leur origine, leur passé), la doctrine et le matériel car l’emploi au combat est la réunion de tous ces facteurs. Les recherches montrent que les trois GU blindées françaises n’étaient pas employées de la même façon, la raison principale résidant dans les conceptions d’emploi des chefs. Les unités blindées françaises étaient composées d’hommes au passé et au parcours différents. Des Gaullistes historiques au jeune engagé d’aout 1944 en passant par les rappelés de l’armée d’Afrique. Tous se retrouvèrent dans les tourelles avec un même but libérer le pays. Elles-mêmes avaient des origines diverses. Certaines n’avaient cessé de combattre, d’autres étaient restées en Afrique du nord ou en Afrique occidentale jusqu’au débarquement allié de novembre 1942. Mais toutes montrèrent un haut niveau de maîtrise tactique et de professionnalisme Leur équipement et leur organisation étaient homogènes car d’origine américain. Leur concept d’emploi était celui dicté par les FM qu’elles adaptèrent à leur main pour combattre à la Française et parfois marquer leur différence par rapport aux alliés. Une fois engagées, elles tinrent toute leur place aux côtés des unités alliés, prouvant leur valeur et marquant ainsi la renaissance de l’armée française. Cette unicité d’organisation, de doctrine et d’équipement masque cependant des différences dans l’emploi. Elles furent tributaires des grandes unités auxquelles elles étaient rattachées et de leur chef. L’emploi des unités blindées dépendait en grande partie des hommes. Des chefs d’abord dont tous n’avaient pas les mêmes conceptions d’emploi des unités blindées ce qui se traduisit par des frustrations et des conflits en particulier entre les généraux Leclerc et de Lattre. Mais également des équipages qui firent preuve d’un état d’esprit remarquable mais particulier et de beaucoup d’abnégation
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the use of armored vehicles globally and up to the smallest levels (platoons, crews), that is to say at the level of men (slogan that has become fashionable ever since). Indeed, many previous writings and studies often remain at the tactical or strategic level. It is also a question of studying the possible differences between the doctrinal theory and its application in the field, to see if the use of armored vehicles varied according to the actors and if so why. This study is intended to be comprehensive, it takes into account, men (thus their training, their origin, their past), doctrine and equipment because employment in combat is the meeting of all these factors. Research shows that the three French armored GUs were not employed in the same way, the main reason residing in the chiefs' conceptions of employment. French armored units were made up of men with different backgrounds and backgrounds. From the historical Gaullists to the young worker of August 1944, passing by the recalled African army. All found themselves in the turrets with the same goal to liberate the country. They themselves had various origins. Some had continued to fight, others had remained in North Africa or West Africa until the Allied landings of November 1942. But all showed a high level of tactical mastery and professionalism. Their equipment and organization were homogeneous because of American origin. Their concept of employment was that dictated by the FM that they adapted to their hand to fight the French and sometimes mark their difference compared to the allies. Once engaged, they held their place alongside the allied units, proving their value and thus marking the rebirth of the French army. This uniqueness of organization, doctrine and equipment, however, masks differences in employment. They were tributaries of the great units to which they were attached and of their leader. The use of armored units depended largely on men. Chiefs first, all of whom did not have the same conceptions of the use of armored units, which resulted in frustrations and conflicts in particular between Generals Leclerc and de Lattre. But also crews who showed a remarkable state of mind but particular and a lot of self-sacrifice

L'objectif de ce travail est de proposer une nouvelle démarche pour améliorer et accélérer les études de dimensionnement des pièces de turboréacteurs en avant-projets. Il s'agit de fournir une méthodologie complète pour la conception robuste sous contraintes. Cette méthodologie consiste en trois étapes : la réduction de la dimension et la méta-modélisation, la conception robuste sous contraintes puis la résolution de problèmes inverses sous contraintes. Ce sont les trois principaux sujets abordés dans cette thèse. La réduction de la dimension est un pré-traitement indispensable à toute étude. Son but est de ne conserver, pour une sortie choisie du système, que les entrées influentes. Ceci permet de réduire la taille du domaine d'étude afin de faciliter la compréhension du système et diminuer les temps de calculs des études. Les méthodes de méta-modélisations contribuent également à ces deux objectifs. L'idée est de remplacer le code de calculs coûteux par un modèle rapide à évaluer et qui représente bien la relation entre la sortie étudiée et les entrées du système. La conception robuste sous contraintes est une optimisation bi-objectifs où les différentes sources d'incertitudes du système sont prises en compte. Il s'agit, dans un premier temps, de recenser et modéliser les incertitudes puis de choisir une méthode de propagation de ces incertitudes dans le code de calculs. Ceci permet d'estimer les moments (moyenne et écart-type) de la loi de la sortie d'intérêt. L'optimisation de ces moments constitue les deux objectifs de la conception robuste. En dernier lieu, il s'agit de choisir la méthode d'optimisation multi-objectifs qui sera utilisée pour obtenir l'optimum robuste sous contraintes. La partie innovante de cette thèse porte sur le développement de méthodes pour la résolution de problèmes inverses mal posés. Ce sont des problèmes pour lesquels il peut y avoir une infinité de solutions constituant des ensembles non convexes et même disjoints. L'inversion a été considérée ici comme un complément à l'optimisation robuste dans laquelle l'optimum obtenu ne satisfaisait pas une des contraintes. Les méthodes d'inversion permettent alors de résoudre ce problème en trouvant plusieurs combinaisons des entrées qui satisfont la contrainte sous la condition de rester proche de l'optimum robuste. Le but est d'atteindre une valeur cible de la contrainte non satisfaite tout en respectant les autres contraintes du système auxquelles on ajoute la condition de proximité à l'optimum. Appliquée au dimensionnement d'un compresseur HP en avants-projets, cette méthodologie s'inscrit dans l'amélioration et l'accélération des études marquées par de nombreux rebouclages chronophages en termes de ressources informatiques et humaines
The aim of this PhD dissertation is to propose a new approach to improve and accelerate preliminary design studies for turbofan engine components. This approach consists in a comprehensive methodology for robust design under constraints, following three stages : dimension reduction and metamodeling, robust design under constraints and finally inverse problem solving under constraints. These are the three main subjects of this PhD dissertation. Dimension reduction is an essential pre-processing for any study. Its aim is to keep only inputs with large effects on a selected output. This selection reduces the size of the domain on which is performed the study which reduces its computational cost and eases the (qualitative) understanding of the system of interest. Metamodeling also contributes to these two objectives by replacing the time-consuming computer code by a faster metamodel which approximates adequately the relationship between system inputs and the studied output. Robust design under constraints is a bi-objectives optimization where different uncertainty sources are included. First, uncertainties must be collected and modeled. Then a propagation method of uncertainties in the computation code must be chosen in order to estimate moments (mean and standard deviation) of output distribution. Optimization of these moments are the two robust design objectives. Finally, a multi-objectives optimization method has to be chosen to find a robust optimum under constraints. The development of methods to solve ill-posed inverse problems is the innovative part of this PhD dissertation. These problems can have infinitely many solutions constituting non convex or even disjoint sets. Inversion is considered here as a complement to robust design in the case where the obtained optimum doesn't satisfy one of the constraints. Inverse methods then enable to solve this problem by finding several input datasets which satisfy all the constraints and a condition of proximity to the optimum. The aim is to reach a target value of the unsatisfied constraint while respecting other system constraints and the optimum proximity condition. Applied to preliminary design of high pressure compressor, this methodology contributes to the improvement and acceleration of studies currently characterized by a numerous of loopbacks which are expensive in terms of cpu-time and human resources

Ces travaux portent sur l'étude expérimentale et numérique de la rupture de structures soudées soumises à des sollicitations pyrotechniques telles que celles subies par les véhicules militaires sur le champ de bataille. Ce travail de thèse présente le développement de modèles éléments finis détaillés (à l’échelle mésoscopique) permettant de reproduire le comportement de ces assemblages lorsqu’ils sont sollicités par ces sollicitations dynamiques. Ils prennent en compte la géométrie locale des cordons de soudure et les différents matériaux. Pour paramétrer ces modèles, il est nécessaire de caractériser la soudure à l’échelle des matériaux constitutifs de l’assemblage. Ainsi des essais de caractérisation de leur comportement mécanique sont menés en se basant sur les vitesses de déformation relevées sur des modèles éléments finis de véhicule : quasi-statique jusqu’à 1000s-1. Pour l’analyse de la rupture, une large plage de triaxialité des contraintes est couverte au travers d’essais dédiés. Pour chaque matériau, une loi de comportement et un critère de rupture ont été déterminés par analyse inverse et validés sur des grandeurs globales et locales. Afin d’étudier la pertinence des modèles mésoscopiques, des essais au canon à gaz sont réalisés sur des assemblages soudés élémentaires en L et en T. Ils permettent de reproduire les principaux modes de rupture observés sur les pièces réelles. In fine, les simulations corrèlent les essais en termes de mode et de seuil d’apparition de la rupture. Ceci valide les lois de comportement identifiées et la modélisation mésoscopique proposée
Finite element modeling is commonly used to design armored vehicles and to evaluate the strength of the structure against mine explosion. This study investigates experimental and numerical failure of welded structures submitted to such dynamic loadings. The goal is to develop detailed finite element models at meso-scale that allow to predict the behavior and failure of welded joints at intermediate strain rates. These models must take into account the local properties of the welded joint as the geometries as the mechanical behavior of the constitutive materials. Experimental characterizations of the material behavior are led on tensile specimens from quasi-static loading up to 1000s-1. This strain rates range results from analysis on vehicle finite element models. Dedicated tests are also conducted to study the material failure on a large range of stress triaxiality values. For each constitutive material, the hardening and failure parameters are identified through a reverse engineering approach. To validate the meso-scale models, gas gun tests are led on basic L and T welded assemblies. Modes and thresholds of failure are correctly replicated thanks to these finite element models. This validates the identified material behavior laws and the proposed meso-scale modeling

The aim of master thesis is to describe different calculation of global illumination methods including Light Propagation Volumes. All three steps of LPV calculation are widely described: injection, propagation and rendering. It is also proposed several custom extensions improving graphics quality of this method. Two parts of design and implementation are focused on scene description, rendering system, shadow rendering, implementation of LPV method and proposed extensions. As conclusion, measurement and several images of application are presented, followed by comparison in environment with diffenent parameters, thesis summary with evaluation of achieved results and suggestions of further improvements.

Este trabalho tem como objetivos facilitar a leitura da obra de Sóror Maria do Céu e contribuir para a divulgação desta escritora barroca, que possui uma vasta produção literária no século XVIII mas que permance grandemente desconhecida nos círculos literários e académicos do presente século. A introdução explora o aspecto da viagem alegórica da alma, representada por personagens de uma narrativa e tendo como protagonista uma personagem feminina -- a Peregrina. Esta embarca numa viagem à procura de uma vida eterna feliz e recompensadora, No entanto durante a sua viagem, depara-se com um conjunto de desafios que precisa ultrapassar para atingir a vida eterna. Apresentamos alguns dados históricos e socioculturais de Portugal no século XVII e XVIII e oferecemos uma pequena biografia da autora, Maria do Céu. Também está incluída uma explicação sucinta sobre o estilo artístico de escolha, ou seja, os elementos literários que constituem esta novela alegórica, assim como um resumo dos catorze capítulos de Enganos do bosque, desenganos do Rio. Durante a análise da obra de Maria do Céu, revelamos as caraterísticas principais dos personagens e consideramos Enganos do bosque, desenganos do Rio juntamente com outras duas obras: Pilgrim's Progress, do escritor inglês John Bunyan e História do Predestinado Peregrino e seu irmão Precito, do escritor português Alexandre de Gusmão. Deste modo expomos as semelhanças e diferenças entre as viagens peregrinas dos protagonistas destas obras e realçamos os objetivos originais da escritora feminina e que são distintos dos autores masculinos: através da personagem Peregrina, Maria do Céu narra o aperfeiçoamento da alma até ao ponto de união mística com o pastor do bosque, ou seja, união da alma com o seu criador, Jesus Cristo. Por fim, antes da edição da novela alegórica de Maria do Céu, oferecemos uma lista de alterações gramaticais efetuadas nesta edição, e que têm como objetivo ajudar o leitor moderno na compreensão desta obra.

Le thème principal de cette thèse est d’étudier la détection d’anomalies dans des flux de données de grande dimension avec une application spécifique au Health Monitoring des moteurs d’avion. Dans ce travail, on considère que le problème de la détection d’anomalies est un problème d’apprentissage non supervisée. Les données modernes, notamment celles issues de la surveillance des systèmes industriels sont souvent des flux d’observations de grande dimension, puisque plusieurs mesures sont prises à de hautes fréquences et à un horizon de temps qui peut être infini. De plus, les données peuvent contenir des anomalies (pannes) du système surveillé. La plupart des algorithmes existants ne peuvent pas traiter des données qui ont ces caractéristiques. Nous introduisons d’abord un algorithme de clustering probabiliste offline dans des sous-espaces pour des données de grande dimension qui repose sur l’algorithme d’espérance-maximisation (EM) et qui est, en plus, robuste aux anomalies grâce à la technique du trimming. Ensuite, nous nous intéressons à la question du clustering probabiliste online de flux de données de grande dimension en développant l’inférence online du modèle de mélange d’analyse en composantes principales probabiliste. Pour les deux méthodes proposées, nous montrons leur efficacité sur des données simulées et réelles, issues par exemple des moteurs d’avion. Enfin, nous développons une application intégrée pour le Health Monitoring des moteurs d’avion dans le but de détecter des anomalies de façon dynamique. Le système proposé introduit des techniques originales de détection et de visualisation d’anomalies reposant sur les cartes auto-organisatrices. Des résultats de détection sont présentés et la question de l’identification des anomalies est aussi discutée
The subject of this Thesis is to study anomaly detection in high-dimensional data streams with a specific application to aircraft engine Health Monitoring. In this work, we consider the problem of anomaly detection as an unsupervised learning problem. Modern data, especially those is-sued from industrial systems, are often streams of high-dimensional data samples, since multiple measurements can be taken at a high frequency and at a possibly infinite time horizon. More-over, data can contain anomalies (malfunctions, failures) of the system being monitored. Most existing unsupervised learning methods cannot handle data which possess these features. We first introduce an offline subspace clustering algorithm for high-dimensional data based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, which is also robust to anomalies through the use of the trimming technique. We then address the problem of online clustering of high-dimensional data streams by developing an online inference algorithm for the popular mixture of probabilistic principal component analyzers (MPPCA) model. We show the efficiency of both methods on synthetic and real datasets, including aircraft engine data with anomalies. Finally, we develop a comprehensive application for the aircraft engine Health Monitoring domain, which aims at detecting anomalies in aircraft engine data in a dynamic manner and introduces novel anomaly detection visualization techniques based on Self-Organizing Maps. Detection results are presented and anomaly identification is also discussed

Notre thèse étudie la pensée et l'action de Gaston Berger et plus particulièrement la philosophie en action qui était la sienne au sein d’un projet de réforme de la société. Par une démarche reconstructive de l’œuvre, nous questionnons chez l’auteur les liens entre philosophie et politique dont la mobilisation se veut une réponse à la crise spirituelle et morale présente en Europe au XXe siècle. En s’inspirant de la phénoménologie, Berger affirme la nécessité d’une métaphysique, seule à même de penser le monde social tel qu’il apparaît. Il construit cette recherche à partir de l’idée d’intentionnalité ainsi que de l’anthropologie prospective, sources d’un savoir sur l’esprit humain, qui lui permettent de penser la figure du « philosophe en action », lequel doit posséder un rôle décisif dans les réformes sociales et politiques. Le projet de réforme de la société, tel que Berger le met en œuvre au travers de l’éducation, concerne d’abord la formation des ingénieurs. Ainsi s’élabore une « politique de l’esprit », qui met en avant le rôle essentiel de la philosophie et des sciences humaines et sociales dans le renouvellement intellectuel et politique de la fonction de l’ingénieur. Elles permettent, selon Berger, de replacer science et technique dans la culture et de comprendre ce qui fait l’humanité de la pratique des ingénieurs et la distingue d’une simple activité technique. En cela, cette thèse étudie la création de l’INSA de Lyon en 1957 comme le témoignage exemplaire de cette politique
The present thesis explores the thought and action of Gaston Berger and especially his “philosophy in action” in a project to reform society. In a reconstructive process of his work, we question the author’s view of the relationship between philosophy and politics, which mobilization is seen as a response to the spiritual and moral crisis in Europe in the 20th century. Inspired by phenomenology, Berger claims the necessity of metaphysics as the only way to think the social world as it appears. He builds this research on the idea of intentionality and prospective anthropology, sources of knowledge about the human mind, which allows him to think the figure of the "philosopher in action" with a decisive role in the social and political reforms. The proposed reform of society, such as Berger implements through education, concerns at first the training of engineers. This is how a “politics of the spirit” is developed, which highlights the essential role of philosophy, human and social sciences in the intellectual and political renewal of the engineer’s function. They allow, according to Berger, to put science and technology back into culture and understand what makes the humanity of engineer’s practice and distinguishes it from a mere technical activity. In that respect, this thesis studies the creation of the INSA in Lyon in 1957 as the exemplary expression of this policy

碩士
國立成功大學
航空太空工程學系碩博士班
90
The objective of the present research is to reconstruct the compressor performance map based on the stage stacking technique augmented by the generalized stage characteristics. The multi-stage compressor flow field is assumed uniformly distributed and one dimensional unsteady Euler equations are used as the governing equations. Finite-volume method and modified Osher-Chakaravarthy MUSCL type upwind TVD scheme are employed as the numerical methods. A four-step Runge-Kutta time stepping is used and the numerical stability is enhanced using Newton’s subiteration and an explicit, time-lagged treatment of the source term. Inflow/Outflow boundary condition are implemented by a characteristic-based nonreflecting boundary condition treatment. In this work, a NASA two-stage compressor with which the performance curves and/or the experimental data that are known is simulated. A genetic algorithm(GA) is adopted to search for the optimal performance reference states for each constituent stage. Result shows that the pressure ratio performance curve agrees well with the experimental data. However, there exists a small discrepancy of 8 percent in the efficiency performance matching. The present study provides the engine users a tool in analyzing the compressor performance when the information of component characteristics are insufficient or unavailable.

碩士
國立花蓮師範學院
學習科技研究所
94
With the rapid development of the computer and Internet techniques, the Internet news has become as the most convenient way to know and retrieve useful information to humans. On the World Wide Web, there are more and more news websites established by media companies. In particular, the Internet appears some news aggregator sites with well-categorized news information reported from various news medium, such as Google news site. These news sites contain a large number of archival news reports gathered from various news sites and provide a basic search mechanism to readers for retrieving user-interested news events. However, although Google news site provide full-text retrieval mechanism based on keyword-based scheme for news information retrieval, it does not provide currently to retrieve the developing clues of news events as well as revealing the search results by topic map with visualization user interface. In addition, users must often give over one query to search the required information due to the difficult of giving appropriate search queries. Therefore, this study proposes a novel news search engine with friendly user interface of topic map based on the automatic generation scheme of news ontology constructed by Hopfield neural networks for query extension, which can retrieve related news events as possible according to the user query and the corresponding accompanied terms with the user query. The experimental results indicated that the proposed query extension mechanism based on the generated news ontology can indeed efficiently help users to retrieve the user-interested news events. In the meanwhile, the providing topic map of news events ranked by time stamp is also helpful to users to observe the developing trend of news events.

博士
國立東華大學
課程設計與潛能開發學系
103
In this study, teaching activities of mind map and teaching argumentation patterns were integrated into the science fair activities, to investigate if those learning activities can effectively promote students’ science competences of identifying scientific issues competence, explaining phenomena scientifically competence, and using scientific evidence competence. Data collection including videotape, learning sheets, students’ reflection note, science fair works, and the assessment of science competence test. The mixed method of data analysis were used to conduct both qualitiative and quantitative analyses. This study revealed that combining mind map and teaching argumentation patterns with science fair activities can develop students’ science competences; the focused peer discussion of mind maps is the key factor to develop the competence of identifying scientific issues; developing the science inquiry competences must be established on the basis of the students’ science knowledge; rebuttals can be used to not only questioning others, but also revising self-claims; the three science competence are interrelated. The implication of teaching is that developing students’ science inquiry competences must start from the basis of the students’ science knowledge; rebuttals can be used as an important medium for questioning others and revising self-claims; students must possess the three of the science inquiry competences to participate science inquiry activities.

碩士
國立雲林科技大學
機械工程系碩士班
92
This research modifies the Kimco APEX 125cc four strokes carburetor fueled single cylinder gasoline engine with the addition of fuel injection system on the intake manifold. The engine intake control system is replaced by the idle air bypass valve (ISC) and the intake air temperature/pressure sensors. The specific sensor monitors the throttle opening position in order to control the engine load. The system adapts the high-speed data acquisition system and the labview software as the testing platform. The input is the engine speed and the throttle position. The output is the fuel injection timing, the fuel injection duration, and the ignition timing. The engine performance (power, BSFC, etc.) and the exhaust emissions is also integrated into the system. The results show that the fuel injection timing has no significant impact on the engine output. However, the exhaust emissions can be reduced by 10%~30% by adjusting this timing. The ignition timing minor tuning can improve the engine torque by up to 20%. This research constructs the engine control table (fuel injection timing, fuel injection duration, and the ignition timing) under the fuel economic/low emission mode. The other engine control table under the high engine output mode is also completed.These two tables are compared and the comparisons show that the HC emissions can be raised by 40%~70% under the performance mode while the engine output is increased by 10%~40%. The CO emission is also substantially increased under the performance mode. Finally, the two engine control tables are combined to complete a real motorcycle’s EMS (engine management system) database.

iTrak is a combined mobile and web application that takes advantage of the GPS to allow travelers to share their experience while travelling. The application gathers GPS data and broadcasts it via a web interface or social networks such as Facebook to update user’s status during a trip. iTrak is also equipped with other features such as writing notes or recording video journals to offer a rich experience and provide an interactive diary, along with a real-time tracking ability, for travelers.
text

In this thesis we propose a navigation instruction validation tool and an user training tool for PERCEPT system. The validation tool evaluates the navigation instructions using a virtual reality environment by ensuring that each path in the virtual environment can be traversed by following the navigation instructions. This validation tool will serve as a first automatic validation of navigation instructions prior to testing them with blind and visually impaired users. The user-training tool enables the blind user to explore and get familiar with the real environment by using the virtual environment generated in the Unity3d based game. The user interacts with the game using PERCEPT Smartphone client just like the user would interact in the real environment. Motion in the game is emulated using the keyboard. Motion directions follow the navigation instructions obtained through the Smartphone. This user-training tool will improve the users experience in the real environment by enabling them to explore and learn the environment a-priori to their arrival in the physical space.