Academic literature on the topic 'MAP (Medically Assisted Procreation)'
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Journal articles on the topic "MAP (Medically Assisted Procreation)"
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Pavone, Ilja Richard. "Medically Assisted Procreation and International Human Rights Law." Italian Yearbook of International Law Online 22, no. 1 (2013): 155–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116133-02201008.
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Since the birth of Louise Brown in 1978, the first human baby resulting from in vitro fertilisation (IVF), developments in reproductive medicine have opened up new opportunities to solve problems related to sterility/infertility and to avoid the transmission of serious genetic diseases to offspring. This article evaluates some challenges to human rights protection arising from medically assisted procreation (MAP), with particular reference to artificial insemination from a donor (AID) and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). It analyses the regulation of MAP at the international, regional and domestic level. Specific attention is paid to two landmark judgments of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) on MAP (S.H. v. Austria and Costa and Pavan v. Italy), with a special focus on the interpretation of the concept of family and private life contained therein and on the effects of the ECtHR rulings on the Italian legal order. It concludes that national legislation concerning MAP should be minimal, i.e. should afford substantial freedom and autonomy to the couples in their procreative choices, in accordance with their right to respect for private and family life.
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Di Nicola, Paola, Cristina Lonardi, and Debora Viviani. "Man, woman, couple: facing the challenges of medically assisted procreation." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 1 (February 2019): 82–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2019-001006.
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Dia, Jean Marc, Telly Sy, Eric Bohoussou, et al. "Results of the multicentric management of infertility couples in Abidjan (Cote d’Ivoire)." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 5 (2017): 1753. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20171936.
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Background: The management of infertile couples has seen many advances characterized today by the different techniques of medically assisted procreation (MAP) that are increasingly practiced in the developed countries. The objective of present study is to describe our experience of multicentric management of infertile couples in our ivorian context.Methods: This is a retrospective and cohort study with descriptive purpose over 210 couples treated for infertility in the gynecology services of the University and Hospital Center of Treichville and a private clinic in Abidjan, from 1st February 2013 to 31st January 2017 (48 months).Results: The frequency of infertility was 14%, and the average age was 34.3 years for women and 43.2 years for men. The etiologies were found in 199 couples (94.8%), particularly in 136 women and 113 men. The main causes were uterine (58.1%), and hormonal (26.5%) in women and of infectious origin in men (79.7%). The majority of the patients (113 women and 97 men) received an etiologic treatment, dominated by myomectomia in women (67 patients) and targeted antiobitherapy in men (84.5%). Moreover 113 couples (53.8%) received a medically assisted procreation. After the management 110 couples (52.4%) got pregnant.Conclusions: The multicenter management has enabled infertile couples to have access to modern methods in their care.
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Ounis, Leyla, Abdelali Zoghmar, Amira Harbouche, et al. "Predictive factors of intracytoplasmic injection of spermatozoa failures and abortions in medically assisted procreation in eastern Algeria." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 11, no. 2 (2021): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.11(2).p217-226.
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Context and objective: Infertility is a relatively common pathology in Algeria. The causes are multiple and often remain undetermined, as a result the ma-jority of couples turn to assisted reproduction. The aim of this study was to highlight the different risk factors that cause failures and / or abortions after an intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) attempt. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study, involving a sample of 90 patients who attempted ICSI. Using an interrogation, the epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical parameters were recorded. Results: Our results showed that 78% of women had failures, 11% had miscarriages. Age was shown to be a deci-sive factor in the occurrence of miscarriages (p <0.05). Stress is positively correlated with the occurrence of spontaneous miscarriages (p <0.05). Diet also plays a big role in the success of ICSI, especially snacks which significant-ly influence the occurrence of miscarriage (p <0.05). The study found a high rate of failures and abortions in overweight (83%) and obese (77%) patients. Treatment of ovarian stimulation is much higher in obese compared to nor-mal overweight (p <0.05). Pregnancies in women of normal weight signifi-cantly exceeded other categories (p <0.05). Smoking in these two active or passive forms has a negative influence on the sperm quality, as well as the behavior of the fetus (p≤0.05). Conclusion: The results found are testimony to the failures and resulting abortions after ICSI.
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FIZAZI, Anissa, Malika BENDAHMANE, and Tewfik SAHRAOUI. "Sperm Profile of Infertile Men in the Western Region of Algeria: About 320 Cases." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 5-s (2020): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i5-s.4426.
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Objective : The aim of this study is to describe the sperm profile and eventually determine the main spermatic disturbances at the origin of male infertility in western Algeria.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 320 infertile male patients consulting at the Medically Assisted Procreation Unit (MAP) of Oran, in Western Algeria, in the end of exploring the results of their semen analyses and semen culture.
Results: The results of semen analysis revealed that the main spermatic disruption in our study was asthenospermia because at the first hour after emission, 93% of our patients had less mobility than normal.
Oligospermia was present in 37% of cases and azoospermia in 14% of cases. That is, a concentration of sperm below normal in 51% of cases.
Results of the analysis of the sperm’s morphological characteristics revealed that only 16% of our patients had teratospermia.
The semen culture revealed that the main pathogen found in our patients is Staphylococci in nearly 70% of cases.
Conclusion: Our study revealed alterations in both quantitative and qualitative semen of patients. This was mainly asthenospermia in 93% of cases followed by oligospermia.
Keywords: Male infertility, Semen analysis, Semen culture, Western Algeria.
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Gromb, S., J. Beylot, and H. P. Lazarini. "Sperm Conservation and HIV Infection." Medicine, Science and the Law 35, no. 3 (1995): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249503500304.
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In the course of preparing a medico-legal report in civil proceedings instituted by a couple contaminated by HIV, the case of Mr B. was brought to our attention. At the end of 1984 Mr B. had a serious accident in consequence of which he received a number of blood transfusions. The post-transfusion inquiry established blood contamination. Several years later (in 1990), and for reasons closely related to the above accident, Mr B. and his wife were having difficulty in having a child. They decided to resort to intraconjugal artificial insemination (IAI) first through a private laboratory and then through a CSCOS (Centre for the Study and Conservation of Human Ova and Sperm). In 1992, Mr B. and his wife were both found to be HIV positive; the infection was ascribed to the IAI, as the most plausible cause. In the face of such dramatic events, we wondered why neither the laboratory nor the CSCOS had checked whether the couple were HIV positive. Reflecting on this led us: (a) to make an inventory of the different organizations and facilities empowered to manipulate sperm for medically assisted procreation (MAP); (b) to investigate their obligations in terms of the prevention and control of specific diseases.
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Piersanti, Valeria, Francesca Consalvo, Fabrizio Signore, Alessandro Del Rio, and Simona Zaami. "Surrogacy and “Procreative Tourism”. What Does the Future Hold from the Ethical and Legal Perspectives?" Medicina 57, no. 1 (2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57010047.
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Background and objectives: To explore the ethical and legal complexities arising from the controversial issue of surrogacy, particularly in terms of how they affect fundamental rights of children and parents. Surrogacy is a form of medically-assisted procreation (MAP) in which a woman “lends” her uterus to carry out a pregnancy on behalf of a third party. There are pathological conditions, such as uterine agenesis or hysterectomy outcomes, that may prevent prospective mothers from becoming pregnant or carry a pregnancy to term; such patients may consider finding a surrogate mother. Many issues relating to surrogacy remain unresolved, with significant disagreements and controversy within the scientific community and public opinion. There are several factors called into play and multiple parties and stakeholders whose objectives and interests need to somehow be reconciled. First and foremost, the authors contend, it is essential to prioritize and uphold the rights of children born through surrogacy and heterologous MAP. Materials and methods: To draw a parallel between Italy and the rest of the world, the legislation in force in twelve European countries was analyzed, eleven of which are part of the European Union (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Lithuania, Czech Republic and Portugal) and three non-members of the same (United Kingdom, Ukraine and Russia), as well as that of twelve non-European countries considered exemplary (United States, Canada, Australia, India, China, Thailand, Israel, Nigeria and South Africa); in particular, legislative sources and legal databases were drawn upon, in order to draw a comparison with the Italian legislation currently in force and map out the evolution of the Italian case law on the basis of the judgments issued by Italian courts, including the Constitutional and Supreme Courts and the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR); search engines such as PubMed and Google Scholar were also used, by entering the keywords “surrogacy” and “surrogate motherhood”, to find scientific articles concerning assisted reproduction techniques with a close focus on surrogacy. Results: SM is a prohibited and sanctioned practice in Italy; on the other hand, it is allowed in other countries of the world, which leads Italian couples, or couples from other countries where it is banned, to often contact foreign centers in order to undertake a MAP pathway which includes surrogacy; in addition, challenges may arise from the legal status of children born through surrogacy abroad: to date, in most countries, there is no specific legislation aimed at regulating their legal registration and parental status. Conclusion: With reference to the Italian context, despite the scientific and legal evolution on the subject, a legislative intervention aimed at filling the regulatory gaps in terms of heterologous MAP and surrogacy has not yet come to fruition. Considering the possibility of “fertility tourism”, i.e., traveling to countries where the practice is legal, as indeed already happens in a relatively significant number of cases, the current legislation, although integrated by the legal interpretation, does not appear to be effective in avoiding the phenomenon of procreative tourism. Moreover, to overcome some contradictions currently present between law 40 and law 194, it would be appropriate to outline an organic and exhaustive framework of rules, which should take into account the multiplicity of interests at stake, in keeping with a fair and sustainable balance when regulating such practices.
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Piersanti, Valeria, Francesca Consalvo, Fabrizio Signore, Alessandro Del Rio, and Simona Zaami. "Surrogacy and “Procreative Tourism”. What Does the Future Hold from the Ethical and Legal Perspectives?" Medicina 57, no. 1 (2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57010047.
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Background and objectives: To explore the ethical and legal complexities arising from the controversial issue of surrogacy, particularly in terms of how they affect fundamental rights of children and parents. Surrogacy is a form of medically-assisted procreation (MAP) in which a woman “lends” her uterus to carry out a pregnancy on behalf of a third party. There are pathological conditions, such as uterine agenesis or hysterectomy outcomes, that may prevent prospective mothers from becoming pregnant or carry a pregnancy to term; such patients may consider finding a surrogate mother. Many issues relating to surrogacy remain unresolved, with significant disagreements and controversy within the scientific community and public opinion. There are several factors called into play and multiple parties and stakeholders whose objectives and interests need to somehow be reconciled. First and foremost, the authors contend, it is essential to prioritize and uphold the rights of children born through surrogacy and heterologous MAP. Materials and methods: To draw a parallel between Italy and the rest of the world, the legislation in force in twelve European countries was analyzed, eleven of which are part of the European Union (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Lithuania, Czech Republic and Portugal) and three non-members of the same (United Kingdom, Ukraine and Russia), as well as that of twelve non-European countries considered exemplary (United States, Canada, Australia, India, China, Thailand, Israel, Nigeria and South Africa); in particular, legislative sources and legal databases were drawn upon, in order to draw a comparison with the Italian legislation currently in force and map out the evolution of the Italian case law on the basis of the judgments issued by Italian courts, including the Constitutional and Supreme Courts and the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR); search engines such as PubMed and Google Scholar were also used, by entering the keywords “surrogacy” and “surrogate motherhood”, to find scientific articles concerning assisted reproduction techniques with a close focus on surrogacy. Results: SM is a prohibited and sanctioned practice in Italy; on the other hand, it is allowed in other countries of the world, which leads Italian couples, or couples from other countries where it is banned, to often contact foreign centers in order to undertake a MAP pathway which includes surrogacy; in addition, challenges may arise from the legal status of children born through surrogacy abroad: to date, in most countries, there is no specific legislation aimed at regulating their legal registration and parental status. Conclusion: With reference to the Italian context, despite the scientific and legal evolution on the subject, a legislative intervention aimed at filling the regulatory gaps in terms of heterologous MAP and surrogacy has not yet come to fruition. Considering the possibility of “fertility tourism”, i.e., traveling to countries where the practice is legal, as indeed already happens in a relatively significant number of cases, the current legislation, although integrated by the legal interpretation, does not appear to be effective in avoiding the phenomenon of procreative tourism. Moreover, to overcome some contradictions currently present between law 40 and law 194, it would be appropriate to outline an organic and exhaustive framework of rules, which should take into account the multiplicity of interests at stake, in keeping with a fair and sustainable balance when regulating such practices.
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De Luca, Maria Gabriella, Luigi Orfeo, Anna Casani, et al. "Infants from medically assisted procreation." Early Human Development 89 (October 2013): S60—S61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3782(13)70102-6.
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Kaczan, Damian. "ZASTOSOWANIE KOMÓREK ROZRODCZYCH I ZARODKÓW W PROCEDURZE MEDYCZNIE WSPOMAGANEJ PROKREACJI." Zeszyty Prawnicze 16, no. 3 (2016): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2016.16.3.04.
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The Use of Reproductive Cells and Embryos in Medically Assisted Procreation Summary The article discusses the use of reproductive cells and embryos in medically assisted procreation in Poland, which is regulated by the Polish Treatment of Infertility Act (Ustawa o leczeniu niepłodności). The article is divided into six sections. In the first section the author explains why he has chosen to study this subject and the scope of the examination. In the second he explains the normative meaning of the key concepts for further consideration: the procedure of medically assisted procreation, the reproductive cell, the embryo, the donor, and the donor of the embryo. In the third section he presents the general provisions applicable in medically assisted procreation as one of the therapies used in Poland to treat infertility. The fourth and fifth sections are devoted to the recommendations and contraindications respectively for the undertaking of medically assisted procreation. In the sixth section the author assesses the new Polish act on medically assisted procreation and calls for its fundamental amendment or repeal.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "MAP (Medically Assisted Procreation)"
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Hendricks, Mark William. "The ethical implications of the Levitical incest laws for medically assisted procreation." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.
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Qin, Yueren. "Le droit de la famille : étude comparative des droits chinois et français." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020025/document.
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La famille constitue la cellule d’une société, elle évolue selon plusieurs facteurs. Cette physionomie complexe de la famille conduit directement la loi sur ce sujet à devenir importante et changeant tant en Chine qu’en France. Nous avons réalisé une étude comparative pour analyser les régimes du droit de la famille dans ces deux pays. Parmi de multiples questions au sein du droit de la famille, nous examinons deux points essentiels pour approfondir et comparer : la vie de couple et la filiation. S’agissant de la vie de couple, nous nous interrogeons tant sur la formation des différentes modalités de l’union que sur leur dissolution. Nous nous apercevons que les diverses dispositions sur chaque union ont amené un régime plus complet en France qu’en Chine. Quant à la filiation, nous distinguons notamment la filiation liée par le sang de la filiation adoptive. L’ignorance du mode d’établissement de la filiation devient une grande lacune au sein du droit chinois. Par ailleurs, comment adopter un enfant ? Quelles sont les conditions à respecter et les procédures à achever ? Quels sont les effets issus de l’adoption ? Telles sont des questions à résoudre et à comparer dans cette thèse. À part certains points principaux sur le droit de la famille, nous nous posons des questions sur des problématiques provoquées en vue de connaître l’aptitude des législateurs dans les deux pays comme la maternité pour autrui, les mariages fictifs, etc. Enfin, nous tenterons d’expliquer pourquoi les régimes juridiques diffèrent en France et en Chine concernant les questions traitées dans cette thèseThe concept of “Family” as an integral unit of the society has evolved over the years due to several reasons. This changing and complex face of “family” has had many implications on the laws both in China and in France. Hence, we conduct a comparative study to analyze the system of family laws in both these countries. The various questions we address in order to deepen our understanding of family laws can be broadly classified into: the couple and the filiation. As for the couple, we address many questions related not only to the formation of the various modalities of the union but also about their dissolution. We find that the diverse articles on each union brought a system which is more complete in France than in China. With respect to filiation, we distinguish in particular between the filiation bound by blood and that bound by adoption. The ignorance of the mode of establishment of the filiation results in a big gap in the Chinese law. Besides, the basic question of how to adopt a child, the conditions to be respected and the procedures to be finished, the effects stemming from the adoption are also the questions we explore, compare and attempt to solve in this thesis. Besides the several principal points on the family law, we also try to compare and understand the different views/perspectives of these two countries by looking into some other related issues such as the maternity for others, the fictive marriages, etc., as well as how the two countries deal with such matters. Finally, we try to explain why the legal system differs in France and in China and discuss the directions for future research
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Taherian, Fard Tayebeh. "Changement d'attitude envers l'infertilité en Iran." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH190.
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Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif d’étudier les changements intervenus ces dernières décennies, vis-à-vis de la question d’infertilité en Iran. Depuis la révolution islamique en 1979, la population de l’Iran a connu des bouleversements très importants. Les autorités religieuses chiites et le système politique dominant sont intervenus pour influencer l’évolution démographique. On constate d’une part une baisse historique de la fécondité que l’on peut qualifier de « stupéfiante », car elle était la plus rapide du monde. D’autre part, au cours de la dernière décennie, on observe une forte augmentation de l’infertilité qui dépasse la moyenne mondiale et préoccupe les autorités iraniennes. Cependant, au niveau des couples, l’infertilité qui était parmi les principales causes de divorce en 1981, ne l’est plus aujourd’hui. Cette recherche, en combinant deux méthodes quantitative et qualitative, développera les changements de mentalité des couples et les raisons qui les ont amenés à accepter de vivre sans enfant dans le contexte historique, culturel, sociodémographique et religieux de la société Iranienne contemporaine. Dans la partie quantitative, nos analyses démographiques de l'infertilité reposent sur les données secondaires, des Enquêtes Démographiques et de Santé (EDS), en Iran et dans le monde. Nous avons calculé le taux d’infertilité grâce au logiciel SPSS, pour l’ensemble des provinces de l’Iran, selon le niveau d’éducation et le statut social dans les zones urbaines et rurales en 2000. Ensuite nous avons comparé nos estimations avec celles d’une étude faite en 2014, afin de montrer certains changements intervenus depuis l’année 2000. Dans la partie qualitative, en premier lieu, les raisons principales de la récente augmentation de l’infertilité, seront abordées selon les entretiens réalisés auprès de 70 couples infertiles et de plusieurs spécialistes de ce domaine en Iran (médecins, gynécologues, biologistes). Ensuite nous nous intéresserons au traitement de l’infertilité, aux changements des mentalités et au contexte juridique en lien à l’AMP, l’adoption et aux mères porteuses. Effectivement, le contexte de l’augmentation de cette problématique, impacte durablement les prises en charge des patients et favorise l’amélioration des traitements de l’infertilité dans les centres médicaux. L’Iran chiite est devenu le seul pays au monde dans lequel toutes les méthodes d’assistance médicale à la procréation ont été légalisées. Cette politique démographique du gouvernement, à la fois moderniste et religieuse, suscite un grand intérêt et témoigne un véritable paradoxe Iranien. En tenant compte de cette particularité, nous examinerons la position de la religion chiite de ce pays par rapport aux traitements de l’infertilité et mettrons en lumière les différents points de vue, vis-à-vis d’autres pays et d’autres religions ou branches de l’islam. Enfin, l’infertilité restant un sujet intime et douloureux pour la plupart des couples que j’ai interrogés, nous tenterons de décoder certaines attitudes et certains non-dits vis-à-vis de leur infertilité, en faisant usage des couleurs qui nous permet une meilleure compréhension de cette problématiqueThe aim of this research is to study the changes in infertility that have occurred in recent decades in Iran. Since the Islamic revolution in 1979, Iran’s population has transformed greatly. Shiites religious authorities and the dominant political system have exerted intervening policies to influence demographic changes. On the one hand, we observe a historical decline in fertility that can be described as "stupefying" because it was the fastest in the world. On the other hand, during the last decade, there has been a sharp increase in infertility that exceeds the world average and worries the Iranian authorities. However, infertility, which was among the main reasons of divorce in 1981, is no longer considered a major issue by the Iranian couples.Combining two quantitative and qualitative methods, this research examines the couples' mentality that has changed over time and explores the reasons that led them to accept childlessness in the historical, cultural, socio-demographic and religious context of contemporary Iranian society.In the quantitative part, our demographic analysis of infertility is based on the secondary data such as Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), in Iran and around the world. We calculated the infertility rate using SPSS software, for all provinces of Iran, by education level and social status in urban and rural areas in 2000. Then we compared our estimates with those of a study done in 2014, to show some changes since the year 2000.In the qualitative part, firstly, the main reasons for the recent increase in infertility, is discussed according to interviews conducted with 70 infertile couples and several specialists in this field in Iran (doctors, gynaecologists, biologists).Then we shift the focus towards the methods of treatment of infertility, changes in young couples’ mentalities, the legal procedures within the MAP, adoption and surrogacy. In fact, the increase in infertility has a long-term impact on how patients are meditated and it helps to improve treatments of infertility in medical centres.Iran has become the only Shia country in the world in which all methods of medically assisted procreation have been legalized. This demographic policy of the government, both modernist and religious, creates a contradictory situation and resembles a real Iranian paradox. Taking this into account particularity, we examine the position of the Shia religion in relation to the treatment of infertility and highlight different points of view in other countries and among other religions or branches of Islam.Finally, since infertility remains an intimate and sensitive subject for most couples I interviewed, we try to decode the couples’ attitudes and their presumably unmentionable stories regarding their infertility. This is done by making use of colours that allows us a better understanding of this problem
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Cochini, Alexandra. "L’expérience d’une assistance médicale à la procréation : « à corps et désaccords » : étude psychopathologique des femmes infertiles en parcours de fécondation in vitro ou de don d’ovocytes." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100128.
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Cette thèse de psychopathologie psychanalytique est une réflexion théorico-clinique sur l'expérience d'une assistance médicale à la procréation (AMP), et plus particulièrement sur l’état psychologique des femmes infertiles en parcours de fécondation in vitro (FIV) et de don d'ovocytes. Cette recherche a pour but d'évaluer la psychopathologie de ces femmes et les éventuels remaniements psychiques qu'impose ce mode de procréation. L’hypothèse générale de cette étude soutient l’idée qu’il existe des particularités dans le fonctionnement psychique des femmes infertiles qui diffèrent selon que les femmes ont recours à une FIV ou à un don d’ovocytes. La méthodologie repose sur la base d'entretiens semi-directifs, de questionnaires et de tests projectifs (Rorschach et TAT) et l'analyse du matériel recueilli s'appuie sur la théorie psychanalytique. Les résultats montrent que ces femmes souffrent d’une blessure psychique qui est à mettre en lien avec le vécu d’une castration réelle de leur féminité dans sa valence maternelle châtrée. Les femmes infertiles se trouvent sous l’emprise de l’objet primaire et leur fonctionnement mental se caractérise par une pensée opératoire défensive. De plus, le recours à une FIV ou à un don d’ovocytes suscite des aménagements psychiques, notamment en termes de représentations maternelles, qui apparaissent spécifiques au type d’AMP. Enfin, l’AMP amène les couples à érotiser les interventions médicales conduisant notamment à un remaniement des théories sexuelles infantiles et à une reconstruction des fantasmes originairesThis thesis psychoanalytic psychopathology is a reflection on the theoretical and clinical experience of medical assistance to procreation (MAP), and more particularly on the psychological status of infertile women in course of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and oocyte donation. This research aims to assess the psychopathology of these women and the possible psychological changes imposed by this mode of procreation. The general hypothesis of this study is as follows: there are specific aspects in the psychic functioning of infertile women, these characteristics differ between women using IVF or oocyte donation. The methodology is based on semi-directive interviews, questionnaires and projective tests (Rorschach and TAT) and analysis of collected material is based on psychoanalytic theory. The results show that these women suffer psychological injury that is to be linked with the experience of a real castration of their femininity in its valence maternal castrated. Infertile women are under the mastery of the primary object and mental functioning is characterized by a defensive operational thought. In addition, the use of IVF or oocyte donation leads to psychic adjustments, particularly in terms of maternal representations that appear specific to the type of MAP. Finally, MAP brings couples to eroticize medical interventions leading a redesign of infantile sexual theories and a reconstruction of primal fantasies
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Wunderlin, Beverly J. "The Regulation of Medically Assisted Procreation in Europe and Related Nations and the Influence of National Identity, Social Cultural, and Demographic Differences." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3192/.
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This study details the Medically Assisted Procreation regulations in thirty-five nation-states, and explores the influence of national identity, social cultural and demographic differences on these regulations. Detailed data were gathered from ministries of health, offices of prime ministers, embassy staff, and others on regulations for each nation. These data were used to categorize the nations in regard to MAP legislation status and regulatory policy regarding marital or age restrictions; posthumous conception; sperm, ovum, or embryo donation, surrogacy; and policy on handling donors. Possible associations between national identity, social cultural, and demographic data for each nation and their regulations were explained. The thirty-five nations were treated as a population with common geographical and political ties. PRE methods, and eta coefficients were used to assess the associations. Sixteen nations have adopted MAP legislation, eight nations have either alternative regulatory guidelines or partial structures, four nations have legislation pending and possibly some laws, and seven nations are unregulated. Based upon statistical analysis, language group emerges as an important indicator for differences in MAP regulations. For example knowing a nation's language group enabled percent improved prediction of that nation's regulatory handling of embryo donation. The percent GDP spent on health care was found to have a substantial or moderate association with most regulations. The findings of this study indicate that the cultural roots associated with national identity as well as economic circumstances such as health care budgets impact the policy making process responsible for the regulation of MAP in Europe. Among other mediating circumstances, MAP related family law cases brought to the European Court of Human Rights create an accumulation of judge-made law, which help create a common European standard. This study of the European region provides a baseline for further research and a reference for cross cultural comparisons.
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Nacher, Mathilde. "Ethique de la procréation médicalement assistée : acceptabilité de la levée de l'anonymat du don de gamètes, le point de vue du public francais." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20023.
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Notre recherche porte sur l’anonymat du don de gamètes. Notre travail est basé sur la Théorie fonctionnelle de l’intégration de l’information de N.H. Anderson (1981). En ce qui concerne l’étude portant sur la loi garantissant l’anonymat du don de gamètes, 151 personnes ont jugé de la défendabilité de cette loi dans les 21 scénarios proposés, dont 20 d’entre eux étaient la combinaison de deux facteurs : « raisons de la demande et âge de l’enfant » et « mode de procréation ». La seconde étude portait sur le contexte familial dans lequel entamer des démarches pour connaître le donneur de sperme pourrait être acceptable. Ici, 155 participants issus du grand public ont été invités à juger de l’acceptabilité d’entamer des démarches de recherche de géniteur pour les 40 scénarios proposés. Ils sont la résultante du croisement des trois facteurs : « relations familiales », « raisons de la démarche » et « avis de la famille ». Pour l’étude 1, nous obtenons 4 politiques de jugement, une pour laquelle l’anonymat n’est jamais défendable, une pour laquelle l’âge de l’enfant est déterminant, une pour laquelle l’âge de l’enfant et la raison de la demande sont déterminants et une pour laquelle l’anonymat est toujours défendable. Pour l’étude 2, nous obtenons 6 groupes de politiques de jugement. Un qui trouve que la démarche pour connaître son géniteur n’est jamais acceptable, un qui prend en compte l’avis de la famille, un qui prend en compte les raisons de la démarche et notamment le fait que l’enfant soit perturbé, un qui prend en compte les raisons de la démarche et notamment la présence d’une pathologie, un qui prend en compte les raisons de la démarche notamment le risque de consanguinité et un qui trouve la démarche toujours acceptable. La levée de l’anonymat est acceptable et d’autant plus lorsque la famille soutient la démarcheOur research focuses on the anonymity of gamete donation. Our work is based on the integration information theory of N. H. Anderson (1981). With regard to the study on the law guaranteeing the anonymity of gamete donation, 151 people judged the defendability of this law in the 21 proposed scenarios, 20 of which were the combination of two factors: " reasons for the demand and age of the child "and" mode of procreation ". The second study focused on the family context in which taking steps to know the sperm donor might be acceptable. Here, 155 participants from the general public were invited to judge the acceptability of initiating spawning research for the 40 scenarios proposed. They are the result of the crossing of the three factors: "family relations", "reasons for the step" and "opinion of the family". For Study 1, we obtain 4 policies of judgment, one for which anonymity is never defensible, one for which the age of the child is decisive, one for which the age of the child and the Because of the demand are decisive and one for which anonymity is always defensible. For Study 2, we obtain 6 groups of judgment policies. One who finds that the process to know his parent is never acceptable, one that takes into account the opinion of the family, one that takes into account the reasons for the process and in particular the fact that the child is disturbed, a which takes into account the reasons of the approach and in particular the presence of a pathology, one which takes into account the reasons of the approach in particular the risk of consanguinity and one which finds the approach always acceptable. The lifting of anonymity is acceptable and even more so when the family supports the process
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Deschamps, Victor. "Le fondement de la filiation : étude sur la cohérence du Titre VII du Livre premier du Code civil." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020038/document.
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Au moment où le législateur s’apprête à ouvrir l’assistance médicale à la procréation aux couples de femmes, cette étude a pour objet de porter un regard critique sur l’analyse doctrinale du Titre VII du Livre premier du Code civil. Alors que la plupart des auteurs considèrent que le droit français est incohérent en ce qu’il recourt aux mêmes modes d’établissement de la filiation que l’enfant soit ou non lié biologiquement à ceux qui sont juridiquement reconnus comme ses parents, cette thèse propose de réenvisager le fondement de la filiation à partir d’une analyse causale de la parenté. Ce changement de perspective permet d’éclairer sous un jour nouveau les conditions d’accès à l’assistance médicale à la procréation ainsi que les enjeux tenant à leur éventuelle modification. Il permet aussi et surtout de réévaluer la cohérence du droit de la filiation et sa capacité à appréhender ces nouvelles figures de la parentéAs the legislator gets ready to open medically assisted procreation to women couples, the purpose of this study is to take a critical look at the doctrinal analysis of the Title VII of the First Book of the French Civil Code. Most of the authors consider that French law is incoherent as it uses the same modes of establishment of filiation whether a child is biologically related to those who are recognized as his parents or not. This thesis proposes to reconsider the basis of filiation, using a causal analysis of parenthood. This change of perspective allows to cast a new light on the eligibility criteria to medically assisted procreation as well as on the stakes of their potential modification. It also leads to reevaluate the coherence of the law of filiation and its capacity to comprehend the new figures of parenthood
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Pajot-Laforet, Élodie. "Éthique de la parentalité : acceptabilité du désir de parentalité chez des personnes présentant un handicap mental ou dans le cas d'une demande de procréation médicalement assistée post-mortem." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20055.
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Notre recherche concerne les conditions d’acceptabilité de la parentalité dans deuxcirconstances : chez les personnes présentant des difficultés d’apprentissage qui souhaitent avoir un enfant et dans des conditions de procréation médicalement assistée post-mortem. Notre recherche est basée sur la Théorie Fonctionnelle de la cognition de Norman Anderson (1981). Concernant l’étude portant sur le désir de devenir parent chez des personnes atteintes d’un handicap mental : 304 participants ont jugé du degré d’acceptabilité de chacun des 60 scénarios proposés, résultant de la combinaison de cinq facteurs : « degré de retard mental », « entourage familial », « stabilité de la relation », « partenaire » et « attitude des parents ». Pour l’étude portant sur la parentalité en faisant appel à une procédure de procréation médicalement assistée post-mortem : 166 participants ont jugé du degré d’acceptabilité des 48 scénarios proposés. Ils résultent de la combinaison de quatre facteurs : « statut marital », « accord des beaux parents », « délai d’utilisation du sperme » et « souhait du conjoint ». Pour l’étude portant sur la parentalité des personnes présentant des difficultés d’apprentissage, il apparaît que les cinq facteurs manipulés jouent un rôle dans le jugement d’acceptabilité. Il s’agit par ordre croissant des facteurs : « entourage familial », « partenaire » « degré de retard mental », « stabilité de la relation» et « attitude des parents ». Concernant l’étude portant sur la parentalité dans des cas de procréation médicalement assistée postmortem, trois des quatre facteurs manipulés influencent le jugement d’acceptabilité des participants. Par ordre d’importance croissant, il s’agit des facteurs : « souhait du conjoint », « accord des beaux parents » et « statut marital ». Le facteur « délai d’utilisation du sperme » n’a pas eu d’effet significatifThe purpose of this research is to assess the factors influencing the level of acceptability ofparenthood in two situations: people with learning disabilities who wish to have a child, and medically assisted post-mortem procreation. This study is based on the Functional Theory of Cognition of Norman Anderson (1981). Regarding the study on people with learning disabilities who wish to have child: 304 participants evaluated the acceptability of each of the 60 proposed scenarios resulting from a combination of five factors: "level of mental retardation", "family circle", "stability of the relationship", "partner" and "parents attitude". Concerning the study on parenthood via medically assisted post mortem procreation: 166 participants assessed the acceptability of the 48 proposed scenarios resulting from the combination of four factors: "marital status", "in-laws parent agreement", "sperm use period" and "wish of the spouse". Regarding the study on parenting for people with learning disabilities, it appears that all five factors play a role in the degree of acceptability: in ascending order "family circle", "partner", "degree of mental retardation", "stability of the relationship" and "parents attitude". Concerning the study of parenthood in cases of medically assisted post-mortem procreation; three of the four factors studied had an influence on the participants' acceptability. In order of importance, "wish of the spouse", "in-laws parents’ agreement" and "marital status" were mostly decisive. The "sperm use period" factor had no significant effect
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Brochard, Marie. "Normes reproductives, infertilité et nouvelles technologies de reproduction au Sénégal : le genre et le don." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05H032.
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Au Sénégal, les normes sociales instituent le mariage et la procréation comme des règles fondamentales pour les couples. Les personnes infertiles sont de ce fait stigmatisées et subissent des pressions de la part de leurs familles et de leur entourage. D’une part, elles ont des difficultés à structurer leur identité sociale dans ce pays où la féminité est associée à la maternité et où la masculinité est associée à la paternité. D’autre part, elles sont symboliquement endettées par rapport à leurs familles car l’« enfant » constitue le contre-don de la vie qu’elles ont reçue à la naissance. Le genre et le don structurent ainsi la problématique du rejet des personnes infertiles au Sénégal. Malgré les souffrances psychologiques et sociales induites par l’infertilité, les politiques sanitaires se détournent de cette situation et occultent la pratique de l’assistance médicale à la procréation (AMP). Pourtant, l’AMP permet aux couples infertiles, lorsqu’elle aboutit à une grossesse, une sortie de la stigmatisation sociale. Dans le cas contraire, la relation peut s’orienter vers une rupture. Les technologies de reproduction réalisées dans la société sénégalaise restent très inégalitaires et délaissent toute une partie de la population qui souhaiterait bénéficier de ces techniques médicales. Les couples moins aisés se dirigent vers la médecine traditionnelle ou poursuivent leurs consultations dans le secteur public. L’AMP au Sénégal propose une solution à l’infertilité, mais les couples qui y recourent, le font dans le plus grand secret de peur de bouleverser les normes reproductives et de filiationIn Senegal, the social standards establish the marriage and the reproduction as fundamental rules for the couples. The barren persons are of this fact stigmatized and undergo pressures by their families and of their circle of acquaintances. On one hand, they have difficulties to structure their social identity in this country where the femininity is associated to the maternity and where the manliness is associated to the paternity. On the other hand, they are symbolically got into debt with regard to their families because the "child" constitutes the against gift of the life that they received in the birth. The gender and the gift structure the problem of rejection of the barren persons in Sénégal. In spite of the psychological and social sufferings induced by the infertility, the sanitary politics turn away from this situation and hide the practice of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Nevertheless, ART allows the barren couples, when it ends in a pregnancy, an exit of the social stigmatization. Should the opposite occur, the relation can turn to a marital breakdown. The new technologies of reproduction realized in the Senegalese society remain very unegalitarian and abandon a whole part of the population which would like to benefit from these medical techniques. The couples with modest incomes go to the traditional medicine or pursue their consultations in the public sector. ART in Senegal proposes a solution for infertility, but the couples which resort to it, make it in the greatest secrecy for fear of upsetting the reproductive standards and of filiation
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Jaafar, Fatima-Azahra. "La nature et l'artifice à l'épreuve du droit." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D080.
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La nature et l’artifice, un sujet classique au carrefour de plusieurs disciplines, qui connait un regain d’intérêt avec les prouesses technoscientifiques de ces dernières années et les inquiétudes que ceux-ci suscitent surtout en matière environnementale, en matière d’appropriation de la nature, et du processus de conception humaine et de façonnement de son identité. Ces avancées et applications scientifiques ne cessent de remettre en cause nos convictions les plus intimes sur des notions comme celle de vie, de mort, d’humain, d’identité, de propriété, de bien, de maladie grave, de parentalité, etc. L’évolution de la science et l’essor des biotechnologies surtout dans le domaine du vivant interrogent le droit de façon inédite sur le rapport de l’homme à la nature y compris humaine. Le droit en tant qu’outil conçu initialement pour réguler les comportements humains afin d’assurer une coexistence pacifique, doit rendre compte de ces nouvelles données sans pour autant heurter les principes qui constituent les pierres angulaires d’un ordre artificiel qu’il a lui-même édifié mais dont il peine désormais à préserver la solidité et à maintenir une certaine cohérence. L’apport de l’éthique et plus particulièrement des instances éthiques grâce à la pluridisciplinarité qui est censée les caractériser s’avère indispensable pour parvenir à une prise de décision démocratique sur des questions qui suscitent des interrogations théoriques à plusieurs niveaux tout en nous rappelant les principes majeurs qui doivent guider nos choix de société à une époque où la science contemporaine offre une gamme d’artifices inédits agissant de plus en plus sur les processus naturelsNature and artifice, a classic subject at the crossroads of several disciplines, which is experiencing renewed interest due to the techno-scientific prowess of the last few years and the concerns that these have aroused especially in environmental matters, in terms of the appropriation of nature, and the process of human conception and the shaping of his identity. These advances and scientific applications continue to challenge our intimate convictions on notions such as life, death, human, identity, property, good, parenthood, serious illness, etc. The development and use of life sciences and biotechnology are questioning the law in an unprecedented way on man’s relationship to nature, including human nature. Law as a tool originally designed to regulate humans behavior in order to ensure peaceful coexistence, must account for these new data without, however, offending or hurting the legal principles and structures that constitute the cornerstones of an artificial order that he himself built but he is now struggling to preserve the solidity and maintain a certain coherence and consistency.The contribution of ethics, and more particularly of ethical bodies thanks to the multidisciplinary nature that is supposed to characterize them, is essential to achieve democratic decision-making on issues which give rise to theoretical questions on several levels while reminding us of the major principles that should guide our societal choices at a time when contemporary science offers a range of new artifices intervening increasingly in the natural processes
Books on the topic "MAP (Medically Assisted Procreation)"
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Law Reform Commission of Canada. Medically assisted procreation. The Commission, 1992.
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Canada. Justice Canada. Law Reform Commission. Medically assisted procreation. Justice Canada., 1992.
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Bucelli, Andrea, ed. Produrre uomini. Firenze University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/8884533643.
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In the wake of the debates that have arisen following the introduction on 19 February 2004 of the controversial Law no. 40 concerning medically assisted procreation, and the referendums which called it into question, the book is proposed as a serious multidisciplinary analysis of the Law itself and the related issues and problems. Nine exponents of varied background and experience (from moral philosophy to gynaecology, from private law to theology, from criminal law to genetics) address the recent legislation (contained in the appendix) within the ethical and juridical context in which it operates, while also reflecting on the implications of the biotechnological revolution.
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N, D'Antona, and Inaudi P, eds. Medically assisted procreation: From gametes to embryo implantation : basic and clinical aspects : Siena (Italy), May 19-21 1996. CIC edizioni internazionali, 1996.
Book chapters on the topic "MAP (Medically Assisted Procreation)"
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Clouet, Johanne, and Valérie P. Costanzo. "Québec's (out)law concerning medically assisted procreation." In Global Reflections on Children's Rights and the Law. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003131144-25.
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Montanari Vergallo, Gianluca, Simona Zaami, and Radmila Sparic. "Medically Assisted Procreation: European Legislation and Ensuing Ethical Issues." In Pick Up and Oocyte Management. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28741-2_22.
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Montanari Vergallo, Gianluca, Simona Zaami, and Radmila Sparic. "Correction to: Medically Assisted Procreation: European Legislation and Ensuing Ethical Issues." In Pick Up and Oocyte Management. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28741-2_23.
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"Eugenics comes back with medically assisted procreation." In Genetics in Human Reproduction. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429456619-29.
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Ravez, Laurent. "Ethics and Medically Assisted Procreation: Reconsidering the Procreative Relationship." In Bioethics in the 21st Century. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/20799.
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Nikitina, Jekaterina. "Discursive illusions and manipulations in legal blogs on medically assisted procreation." In Social Media in Legal Practice. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429346088-10.
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Doe, Norman, Javier García Oliva, and Cristiana Cianitto. "Medically Assisted Procreation in Italy: The Referendum and the Roman Catholic Church." In Ethics, Law and Society. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315094311-28.
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Field, Nicholas C., and Julie G. Pilitsis. "Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain." In Pain Neurosurgery. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190887674.003.0019.
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Motor cortex stimulation is a surgical treatment for medically refractory trigeminal neuropathic pain, a syndrome often caused by nerve injury due to trauma, dental work, or previous surgery for trigeminal neuralgia. Preoperative planning includes pain assessment scales, psychological clearance, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to map the motor cortex. The patient undergoes a craniotomy with trial placement of an epidural electrode array, assisted by neuronavigation, phase reversal monitoring, and somatosensory evoked potential recordings. Less commonly, the electrodes are placed in the subdural space. Postoperative seizure is the most common complication, additionally there are risks for infection and hemorrhage. Programming of the device is performed and the patient undergoes permanent implantation of the system if they achieve a greater than 50% reduction in their pain. Further research is necessary to determine which patients will have the best response to therapy.