Journal articles: 'Map scale'

1

Ivanov, Sabin. "DETERMINING THE SCALE OF A TOPOGRAPHIC MAP." Journal Scientific and Applied Research 13, no. 1 (2018): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/jsar.v13i1.237.

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Baruque, Bruno, and Emilio Corchado. "WeVoS scale invariant map." Information Sciences 280 (October 2014): 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2014.05.005.

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Quintián, Héctor, and Emilio Corchado. "Beta Scale Invariant Map." Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 59 (March 2017): 218–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2017.01.002.

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Zhu, Wei, Qingsheng Guo, Nai Yang, Ying Tong, and Chuanbang Zheng. "An Improved Generative Adversarial Network for Generating Multi-Scale Electronic Map Tiles Considering Cartographic Requirements." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 13, no. 11 (2024): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13110398.

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Multi-scale electronic map tiles are important basic geographic information data, and an approach based on deep learning is being used to generate multi-scale map tiles. Although generative adversarial networks (GANs) have demonstrated great potential in single-scale electronic map tile generation, further research concerning multi-scale electronic map tile generation is needed to meet cartographic requirements. We designed a multi-scale electronic map tile generative adversarial network (MsM-GAN), which consisted of several GANs and could generate map tiles at different map scales sequentially. Road network data and building footprint data from OSM (Open Street Map) were used as auxiliary information to provide the MsM-GAN with cartographic knowledge about spatial shapes and spatial relationships when generating electronic map tiles from remote sensing images. The map objects which should be deleted or retained at the next map scale according to cartographic standards are encoded as auxiliary information in the MsM-GAN when generating electronic map tiles at smaller map scales. In addition, in order to ensure the consistency of the features learned by several GANs, the density maps constructed from specific map objects are used as global conditions in the MsM-GAN. A multi-scale map tile dataset was collected from MapWorld, and experiments on this dataset were conducted using the MsM-GAN. The results showed that compared to other image-to-image translation models (Pix2Pix and CycleGAN), the MsM-GAN shows average increases of 10.47% in PSNR and 9.92% in SSIM and has the minimum MSE values at all four map scales. The MsM-GAN also performs better in visual evaluation. In addition, several comparative experiments were completed to verify the effect of the proposed improvements.

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Fyfe, Colin. "A scale-invariant feature map." Network: Computation in Neural Systems 7, no. 2 (1996): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-898x/7/2/006.

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Fyfe, Colin. "A scale-invariant feature map." Network: Computation in Neural Systems 7, no. 2 (1996): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-898x_7_2_006.

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Cheng, Y., Y. Yin, C. M. Li, et al. "A MODEL STUDY OF SMALL-SCALE WORLD MAP GENERALIZATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-223-2018.

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With the globalization and rapid development every filed is taking an increasing interest in physical geography and human economics. There is a surging demand for small scale world map in large formats all over the world. Further study of automated mapping technology, especially the realization of small scale production on a large scale global map, is the key of the cartographic field need to solve. In light of this, this paper adopts the improved model (with the map and data separated) in the field of the mapmaking generalization, which can separate geographic data from mapping data from maps, mainly including cross-platform symbols and automatic map-making knowledge engine. With respect to the cross-platform symbol library, the symbol and the physical symbol in the geographic information are configured at all scale levels. With respect to automatic map-making knowledge engine consists 97 types, 1086 subtypes, 21845 basic algorithm and over 2500 relevant functional modules.In order to evaluate the accuracy and visual effect of our model towards topographic maps and thematic maps, we take the world map generalization in small scale as an example. After mapping generalization process, combining and simplifying the scattered islands make the map more explicit at 1&amp;thinsp;:&amp;thinsp;2.1 billion scale, and the map features more complete and accurate. Not only it enhance the map generalization of various scales significantly, but achieve the integration among map-makings of various scales, suggesting that this model provide a reference in cartographic generalization for various scales.

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Fitri, M. S. N., O. Marena, O. A. Hisam, M. Y. M. Hafiz, and A. K. N. Izzati. "Suitability of Open Street Map (OSM) for 1:50,000 Topographic Map." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1051, no. 1 (2022): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1051/1/012012.

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Abstract Open-source data is open for anyone and everyone for access, modification, reuse, and sharing for particular application. Open-source data is compiled from various sources using public user collaboration. Open street map is one of open-source vector provider. The suitability study of the use of open-source data for the production of topographic maps of various scales is important as a new approach. The importance of the feasibility study of the use of open-source data can help improve the efficiency of the production of mapping products. Many methods of producing topographic maps of various scales use various state -of -the -art technologies for fast and efficient map production. The objective of the study is to check the planimetric accuracy and feature geometry of open-source vector datasets. Conventional methodologies for the production of multi -scale topographic maps are time consuming and involve high costs. Therefore, open-source data is an alternative source for the production of topographic maps of various scales. This data source shows the potential use for generation of multiple data layers such as roads, points, places, waterways, railways, natural, buildings and land use. The planimetric accuracy of open-source vector data is ranging from 2-5 m. The overlay analysis between reference dataset and open-source data show the similarity geometry for 1:50,000 map scale. This method shows a high level of suitability for the efficient updating of topographic data and the production of topographic maps for 1:50,000 map scale.

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Sissakian, Varoujan K., and Saffa F. Fouad. "Geological map of Sulaimaniyah quadrangle, at scale of 1: 250 000." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A GeoKurdistan II, Special issue (2016): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10477.

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Schobbenhaus, Carlos. "The GIS underpinned Geological Map of Brazil, 1:1 million scale." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 158, no. 1 (2007): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1860-1804/2007/0158-0003.

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Elvebakk, Arve. "A vegetation map of Svalbard on the scale 1:3.5 mill." Phytocoenologia 35, no. 4 (2005): 951–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0340-269x/2005/0035-0951.

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Gröbe, Mathias, and Dirk Burghardt. "Developing and Evaluating Multi-Scale Map Styles: Creating a Multi-Scale Legend." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 13, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-100-2019.

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Abstract. In recent years, the usage of zoomable maps strongly increased. The development of small and cheap electronic devices with wireless internet connection such as smartphones and tablets has made maps nowadays to a crucial part of everyday life. For the navigation and orientation, the user often uses zoomable maps (Muehlenhaus, 2014). Currently the technological development controls the map design and less cartographic design rules, which leads to the impress those current maps have a lower graphic quality. A sample for this trend is the new vector tile based maps, which offer the advantage of rotatable, multilingual maps build on one database (Martinelli and Roth, 2016). There is a need for the development of cartographic design guidelines to guarantee consistent map readability over all zoom levels. The infinitely zoomable maps especially vector maps intensify this development. Analog maps had one specific scale, while a series of topographic maps were offered in manageable number of scales in comparison to OpenStreetMaps 20 zoom levels for raster tiles (Anon, 2019). Raster web maps had a number of predefined zoom levels, while vector maps offer the possibility of continuous zooming. This fact clarifies the requirement of research and development of rules for such types of maps. A first important task for the fulfilment of this objective is the evaluation of a multi-scale map styles. For this task, we developed the concept of a multi-scale legend. This new tool should help cartographers and designer to create, modify and improve multi-scale map styles. It can help to explore existing map styles, identify inconsistencies and support the design process. We decided to use the legend due to the abstraction of the map style from map content. For visualization of the scale-dependencies for each feature in a row, the scale/zoom level changes in each column. In combination with other map features and zoom levels results a two-dimensional matrix showing the scale-dependent visualization. This legend matrix shows the map features in every zoom level, which allows reaching an overview of the symbolization of features over several scales. In this way, it is possible to check how consistent a map style is in one zoom level as well as over a set of zoom levels. Figure 1 shows an example for a legend matrix using the OpenStreetMap Carto style: the representation of selected water bodies depending on the scale is illustrated. Streams and springs always occur together within the same zoom levels. In contrast to the rivers, the width of the streams remains nearly constant across the different scales. It is also visible that the color for the spring differs from the other water features. A multi-scale legend offers the possibility of grouping feature classes by topics (e.g. water bodies, vegetation and road network) as in the example. Other possibilities are geometry, color or occurrence in similar zoom levels. This can help in the search for errors, in the identification of breaks in the symbolization and in the development of continuous symbolization. The result is similar but more illustrative than the ScaleMaster (Brewer and Buttenfield, 2007, 2010), which is a diagram describing how feature classes are visualized depending from scale. Benefits of this legend are clarification of scale depended visualizations and the graphic implementation of design guidelines. A challenge is the implementation for different map styles due to the associated effort and the resulting sometimes very large overviews. An on-going technological development takes place, wherefore cartographers should upgrade the design guidelines and methods for the production of current technological, well-looking maps. With the multi-scale legend, we provided a smart legend for a zoomable map. Nevertheless, these new ideas we have developed need more research and should always take the map purpose in account. Further, we would like to apply the multi-scale legend on existing map styles to reach more information about how these styles are working. In addition, we will further develop the multi-scale legend to a documentation of the creation of the map, showing how data is generalized and visualized.

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Tobler, W. "Spherical Quadrilateral to Map Scale Conversion." American Cartographer 16, no. 1 (1989): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1559/152304089783875640.

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14

Hudson, Berman D., and James R. Culver. "Map Scale in the Soil Survey." Soil Horizons 35, no. 2 (1994): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sh1994.2.0036.

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Wang, Jia, and Surng-Gahb Jahng. "Texture Filtering With Filtering Scale Map." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 145415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3121717.

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Holbrook, David. "A Large Scale Map of Misery." Cambridge Quarterly XIX, no. 3 (1990): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/camqtly/xix.3.285.

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Roberge, Martin C., and Linda L. Cooper. "Map Scale, Proportion, and Google Earth." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 15, no. 8 (2010): 448–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.15.8.0448.

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Ercolani, Nicholas, Joceline Lega, and Brandon Tippings. "Multiple scale asymptotics of map enumeration." Nonlinearity 36, no. 3 (2023): 1663–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6544/acb47d.

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Abstract We introduce a systematic approach to express generating functions for the enumeration of maps on surfaces of high genus in terms of a single generating function relevant to planar surfaces. Central to this work is the comparison of two asymptotic expansions obtained from two different fields of mathematics: the Riemann–Hilbert analysis of orthogonal polynomials and the theory of discrete dynamical systems. By equating the coefficients of these expansions in a common region of uniform validity in their parameters, we recover known results and provide new expressions for generating functions associated with graphical enumeration on surfaces of genera 0 through 7. Although the body of the article focuses on 4-valent maps, the methodology presented here extends to regular maps of arbitrary even valence and to some cases of odd valence, as detailed in the appendices.

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Allen, Charles P. "Variable Magnification Considerations for Airborne, Moving Map Displays." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 2 (1988): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128803200227.

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Color moving-map displays are increasingly being recommended for inclusion in the crewstations of modern aircraft. Research evaluates display magnification requirements for color, moving-map display systems for two map scale uses, three map scales and two lighting conditions. Results show significant differences in magnification requirements for different map uses, map scales and lighting conditions. Results suggest the need for new guidelines.

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Xiao, Yi, Tinghua Ai, Min Yang, and Xiang Zhang. "A Multi-Scale Representation of Point-of-Interest (POI) Features in Indoor Map Visualization." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 4 (2020): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9040239.

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As a result of the increasing popularity of indoor activities, many facilities and services are provided inside buildings; hence, there is a need to visualize points-of-interest (POIs) that can describe these indoor service facilities on indoor maps. Over the last few years, indoor mapping has been a rapidly developing area, with the emergence of many forms of indoor representation. In the design of indoor map applications, cartographical methodologies such as generalization and symbolization can make important contributions. In this study, a self-adaptive method is applied for the design of a multi-scale and personalized indoor map. Based on methods of map generalization and multi-scale representation, we adopt a scale-adaptive strategy to visualize the building structure and POI data on indoor maps. At smaller map scales, the general floor distribution and functional partitioning of each floor are represented, while the POI data are visualized by simple symbols. At larger map scales, the detailed room distribution is displayed, and the service information of the POIs is described by detailed symbols. Different strategies are used for the generalization of the background building structure and the foreground POI data to ensure that both can satisfy real-time performance requirements. In addition, for better personalization, different POI data, symbols or color schemes are shown to users in different age groups, with different genders or with different purposes for using the map. Because this indoor map is adaptive to both the scale and the user, each map scale can provide different map users with decision support from different perspectives.

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Giustolisi, Giuseppe. "The new Italian map at 1:50.000 scale: M793 Map Series." Abstracts of the ICA 3 (December 13, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-3-92-2021.

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Park, Woo Jin, Yoon Sik Bang, and Ki Yun Yu. "Automated Generation of Multi-Scale Map Database for Web Map Services." Korean Journal of Geomatics 30, no. 5 (2012): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7848/ksgpc.2012.30.5.435.

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MACHINAKA, Noriaki, and Yoji KURODA. "Automatic map integration using semantic nodes for large-scale map constructions." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2017 (2017): 2P2—A05. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2017.2p2-a05.

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Edwards, Thomas C., Gretchen G. Moisen, and D. Richard Cutler. "Assessing Map Accuracy in a Remotely Sensed, Ecoregion-Scale Cover Map." Remote Sensing of Environment 63, no. 1 (1998): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0034-4257(96)00246-5.

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Ghosh, Sanjib K. "Photo-scale, map-scale and contour intervals in topographic mapping." Photogrammetria 42, no. 1-2 (1987): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-8663(87)90004-4.

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Hutchinson, D. "Mr Sanders’ Map." Geological Curator 11, no. 2 (2019): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc1480.

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William Sanders' major contribution to geology was as a pioneer in large-scale geological mapping, surveying the area in and around Bristol. Together with the significant contribution he made to the Bristol Institution, Sanders' 'Map of the Bristol coal fields and country adjacent geologically surveyed by William Sanders. F.R.S. F.G.S.' first published in 1862 is a remarkable achievement and legacy that further developed the understanding of the complex geology of the Bristol area. The map was made on a scale of four inches to a mile and was started with the encouragement of Henry Thomas De la Beche and John Phillips. It was constructed from Sanders' own geological surveys together with a topographical map constructed from collating many parish maps on different scales. In total his map covers 720 square miles and was paid for entirely from Sanders' own pocket (Tawney 1876). This huge task took him many years to complete, starting around 1835, finally being published in 1862 in sheet form and in 1864 as a folio atlas. Bristol Museum & Art Gallery (BRSMG) cares for several copies of his folio atlas, individual map sheets and geological material that Sanders donated. No single amateur has ever produced such a work on his own resources (Tawney 1876: p. 505).

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Xiao, Z., B. Yang, and H. Zhang. "Rule-base Generalization Method on Large-Scale Topographic Map." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-4 (April 23, 2014): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-4-305-2014.

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Map generalization is a procedure involving much intellective reasoning action, with very wide domain. It is also a difficult problem in the field of cartography in the world. This paper makes a study on the interactive and rulebased digital generalization, and a map generalization environment for large scale topographic map is designed and realized. A number of tests have proved that map generalization can be successfully and interactively done with the cooperation of human and computer if the procedures of map generalization are wisely decomposed. Compared with the traditional manual method, this map generalization can shorten the working time to 1/4 or even. Besides, the work will become less intensive with higher precision.

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Yu.L., Bugaevskiy. "Method for obtaining variable-scale map projections." Geodesy and Aerophotosurveying 63, no. 1 (2019): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30533/0536-101x-2019-63-1-68-78.

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Chernykh, D. V., and G. S. Samoylova. "MIDDLE SCALE LANDSCAPE MAP OF RUSSIAN ALTAI." Proceedings of the Tigirek State Natural Reserve, no. 3 (2010): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.53005/20767390_2010_3_97.

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Schweinfurth, Ulrich, J. B. Kirkpatrick, and K. J. M. Dickinson. "Vegetation Map of Tasmania (Scale 1:500,000)." Mountain Research and Development 8, no. 1 (1988): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3673416.

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Canters, Frank. "Advances in small-scale map projection research." Belgeo, no. 1-2-3-4 (December 30, 2000): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.13883.

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Costa, Fernando, Luís Veiga, and Paulo Ferreira. "Internet-scale support for map-reduce processing." Journal of Internet Services and Applications 4, no. 1 (2013): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1869-0238-4-18.

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Tsoar, A., R. Nathan, Y. Bartan, A. Vyssotski, G. Dell'Omo, and N. Ulanovsky. "Large-scale navigational map in a mammal." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, no. 37 (2011): E718—E724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1107365108.

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Blicharska, Malgorzata. "Scale of global road map is impractical." Nature 496, no. 7445 (2013): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/496300b.

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Aulinas, J., J. Salvi, X. Lladó, and Y. Petillot. "Local map update for large scale SLAM." Electronics Letters 46, no. 8 (2010): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2010.2271.

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Wang, Rong, Haowen Yan, and Xiaomin Lu. "Quantitative Relations between Topological Similarity Degree and Map Scale Change of Contour Clusters in Multi-Scale Map Spaces." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 4 (2022): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11040268.

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Quantitative relations between topological similarity degree and map scale change of multi-scale contour clusters are vital to the automation of map generalization. However, no method has been proposed to calculate the relations. This paper aims at filling the gap by proposing a new approach. It firstly constructed a directed contour tree by pre-processing of unclosed contours, and then developed a quantitative expression of topological relations of contour cluster based on directed contour tree. After this, it employed 108 groups of multi-scale contour clusters with different geomorphological types to explore the changing regularity of topological indices with map scale. Last, it used 416 points to calculate the quantitative relations between topological similarity degree and map scale change by curve fitting method. The results show that the quantitative expression of multi-scale topological indexes is closely related to the contour interval change, and power function is the best fit among the candidate functions.

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Wang, Rong, Haowen Yan, and Xiaomin Lu. "Quantitative Relations between Morphostructural Similarity Degree and Map Scale Change in Contour Clusters in Multi-Scale Map Space." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 12, no. 7 (2023): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12070256.

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This paper aims to propose a new approach to calculate the quantitative relations between morphostructural similarity degree and map scale change in multi-scale contour clusters for automatic contour generalization. Terrain lines were extracted by pre-processing of unclosed contour lines, and an indirect quantitative expression method of morphostructural similarity relation was proposed based on terrain line hierarchical trees. Thirteen groups of multi-scale contour clusters with different drainage areas of loess geomorphy were employed to explore the changing regularity of morphostructural similarity indices with map scale. Finally, the quantitative relations between morphostructural similarity degree and map scale change were calculated using 52 groups of points. The results show that power function is the best fit among the candidate functions, and the quantitative relations between the morphostructural similarity degree and map scale change can be expressed using the same power function, which facilitates the automation of contour generalization.

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Liu, Yuanyuan, Wenbin Wang, Fang Fang, et al. "CscGAN: Conditional Scale-Consistent Generation Network for Multi-Level Remote Sensing Image to Map Translation." Remote Sensing 13, no. 10 (2021): 1936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13101936.

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Automatic remote sensing (RS) image to map translation is a crucial technology for intelligent tile map generation. Although existing methods based on a generative network (GAN) generated unannotated maps at a single level, they have limited capacity in handling multi-resolution map generation at different levels. To address the problem, we proposed a novel conditional scale-consistent generation network (CscGAN) to simultaneously generate multi-level tile maps from multi-scale RS images, using only a single and unified model. Specifically, the CscGAN first uses the level labels and map annotations as prior conditions to guide hierarchical feature learning with different scales. Then, a multi-scale discriminator and two multi-scale generators are introduced to describe both high-resolution and low-resolution representations, aiming to improve the similarity of generated maps and thus produce high-quality multi-level tile maps. Meanwhile, a level classifier is designed for further exploring the characteristics of tile maps at different levels. Moreover, the CscGAN is optimized by jointly multi-scale adversarial loss, level classification loss, and scale-consistent loss in an end-to-end manner. Extensive experiments on multiple datasets and study areas demonstrate that the CscGAN outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in multi-level map translation, with great robustness and efficiency.

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Hanh, Nguyen Thi Hong, Cuong Vu Xuan, and Nguyen Ngoc Thy. "Automated Generalization of Road Networks for Topographic Base Map." Modern Environmental Science and Engineering 8, no. 2 (2022): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/mese(2333-2581)/02.08.2022/007.

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Automated generalization is a very challenging problem for map producers and plays an important role in map creation. Road networks are important features on topographic base maps. They are sensitive to scale change, therefore multiple representations are required to maintain visual and geographic logic at smaller scales. This paper focuses on the characteristics, hierachies, constraint parameters and automated generalization of the road features on the topographic base map at different scales. The generalization steps were implemented in ArcGIS Model Builder using mentioned out-of-the-box functionality, which removes features by feature hierarchy and network connectivity, yet preserves characteristic urban local density patterns that can be lost through simple category removals. The tool and constraint parameters are used to automatically generalize road networks from maps scale of 1: 2,000 to scales of 1:10,000 area of Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Research result shows that using reasonable parameters and tools could provide a good way to generalize and create base map layers meeting different demands and building multi-purpose map database in the future. Key words: GIS, map generalization, topographic base map, road network, automated generalization

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Tanaka, Kanji, and Kensuke Kondo. "Multi-Scale Bag-of-Features for Scalable Map Retrieval." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 16, no. 7 (2012): 793–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2012.p0793.

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Retrieving a large collection of environment maps built by mapper robots is a key problem in mobile robot self-localization. The map retrieval problem is studied from the novel perspective of the multi-scale Bag-Of-Features (BOF) approach in this paper. In general, the multi-scale approach is advantageous in capturing both the global structure and the local details of a given map. BOF map retrieval is advantageous in its compact map representation as well as the efficient map retrieval using an inverted file system. The main contribution of this paper is combining the advantages of both approaches. Our approach is based on multi cue BOF as well as packing BOF, and achieves the efficiency and compactness of the map retrieval system. Experiments evaluate the effectiveness of the techniques presented using a large collection of environment maps.

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Tuno, Nedim, and Admir Mulahusić. "General Map of Bosnia and Herzegovina at Scale 1:150 000." Geodetski glasnik, no. 46 (December 31, 2015): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.58817/2233-1786.2015.49.46.28.

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General map of Bosnia and Herzegovina at scale 1:150 000 published by the Military Geographical Institute of Vienna. is one of the most important maps made on the basis of the first systematic geodetic survey of B&H. Based on the analysis of the original cartographic documents and other available data, the paper presents the most important details that characterize this map. The elements of the map are analyzed in details after a brief historical review of the circumstances that led to the creation of the map. A brief comparison of solutions adopted on this map, with those of the previous 1: 300 000 scale map, is also given in the paper. Based on the conducted research it was concluded that the General map of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the first true modern topographic map of the country. This map is a cartographic heritage of exceptional value.

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Dumont, Marion, Guillaume Touya, and Cécile Duchêne. "Alternative transitions between existing representations in multi-scale maps." Proceedings of the ICA 1 (May 16, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-33-2018.

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Map users may have issues to achieve multi-scale navigation tasks, as cartographic objects may have various representations across scales. We assume that adding intermediate representations could be one way to reduce the differences between existing representations, and to ease the transitions across scales. We consider an existing multiscale map on the scale range from 1&amp;thinsp;:&amp;thinsp;25k to 1&amp;thinsp;:&amp;thinsp;100k scales. Based on hypotheses about intermediate representations design, we build custom multi-scale maps with alternative transitions. We will conduct in a next future a user evaluation to compare the efficiency of these alternative maps for multi-scale navigation. This paper discusses the hypotheses and production process of these alternative maps.

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Menkovic, Ljubomir. "Detailed geomorphological map sheet Bela Palanka at scale 1:100,000." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 91, no. 2 (2011): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1102001m.

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The Geomorphological Map Sheet Bela Palanka is a graphical representation of landforms in the area covered by the Topographical Map Sheet Bela Palanka at scale 1:100,000. The map is published in 2008 by the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SASA) and the SASA Geodynamics Board. It is the first detailed geomorphological map edited in Serbia. This paper presents the methods used in preparing the geomorphological map, the contents and the mode of data presentation, geologic structure, genetic types of landforms and the subtypes, and the geomorphological history since the Neogene.

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Yan, Haowen. "Quantitative relations between spatial similarity degree and map scale change of individual linear objects in multi-scale map spaces." Geocarto International 30, no. 4 (2014): 472–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2014.902115.

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Zhi, Junjun, Xinyue Cao, Enmiao Wugu, et al. "Effects of Soil Map Scales on Estimating Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Southeastern China." Land 11, no. 8 (2022): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081285.

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Digital soil maps of different scales have been widely used in the estimates of soil organic carbon (SOC). However, exactly how the scale of the soil map impacts SOC dynamics and the key factors influencing SOC estimations during the map generalization process have rarely been assessed. In this research, a newly available soil database of Zhejiang Province in southeastern China, which contains 2154 geo-referenced soil profiles and six digital soil maps at scales of 1:50,000, 1:250,000, 1:500,000, 1:1,000,000, 1:4,000,000, and 1:10,000,000, and three different linkage methods (i.e., the mean, median, and pedological professional knowledge-based (PKB) methods) were used to evaluate their influence on the estimates of SOC. The findings of our study were as follows: (1) The scale of the soil map was identified as being of crucial importance for regional SOC estimations. (2) The linkage method played an important role in the accurate estimates of SOC, and the PKB method could provide the most detailed information on the spatial variability of SOC estimations. (3) The key factors affecting the estimates of SOC during the map generalization process as the soil map scale decreased from 1:50,000 to 1:10,000,000 were determined, including the changes in the number of soil profiles, the conversions between different soil types, the conversions from non-soils to soils, and the linkage methods of aggregating the SOC density values of soil profiles to represent map units. The results suggest that the most detailed 1:50,000-scale soil map coupled with the PKB method would be the optimal choice for regional SOC estimations in China.

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Zhou, Jingyi, Jie Shen, Cheng Fu, Robert Weibel, and Zhiyong Zhou. "Quantifying indoor navigation map information considering the dynamic map elements for scale adaptation." International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 136 (February 2025): 104323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2024.104323.

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Garmanov, Vitaly, Aleksey Osipov, Vladimir Bogdanov, et al. "Technology for creating electronic soil maps based on archival materials for land management engineering." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124403012.

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The article considers the structural and logical scheme of the methodology for creating electronic soil maps for land management engineering based on analog archival cartographic materials. The proposed scheme includes seven blocks: 1) building frames for 1:50,000 scale topographic map sheets in the geoinformation environment “Map 2011”; 2) scanning analog topographic maps with a scale of 1:50000; 3) binding a bitmap images of topographic maps to the sheet frames and cropping the frame image; 4) converting data from the GIS “Map 2011” to the GIS “MapInfo”; 5) scanning of archive analogue 1:10,000 scale soil maps and their binding to electronic 1:50000 topographic map in GIS “MapInfo”; 6) defining precision of referencing the raster 1:10,000 scale soil map to topographic 1:50,000 scale map; 7) bitmap image vectorization of a 1:10000 scale soil map in the GIS “MapInfo”. The content of methodology’s each block is disclosed. The developed methodology can be used for cartographic support of land management engineering and territorial planning.

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Pfeifer, Susanne P. "A Fine-Scale Genetic Map for Vervet Monkeys." Molecular Biology and Evolution 37, no. 7 (2020): 1855–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa079.

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Abstract Despite its important biological role, the evolution of recombination rates remains relatively poorly characterized. This owes, in part, to the lack of high-quality genomic resources to address this question across diverse species. Humans and our closest evolutionary relatives, anthropoid apes, have remained a major focus of large-scale sequencing efforts, and thus recombination rate variation has been comparatively well studied in this group—with earlier work revealing a conservation at the broad- but not the fine-scale. However, in order to better understand the nature of this variation, and the time scales on which substantial modifications occur, it is necessary to take a broader phylogenetic perspective. I here present the first fine-scale genetic map for vervet monkeys based on whole-genome population genetic data from ten individuals and perform a series of comparative analyses with the great apes. The results reveal a number of striking features. First, owing to strong positive correlations with diversity and weak negative correlations with divergence, analyses suggest a dominant role for purifying and background selection in shaping patterns of variation in this species. Second, results support a generally reduced broad-scale recombination rate compared with the great apes, as well as a narrower fraction of the genome in which the majority of recombination events are observed to occur. Taken together, this data set highlights the great necessity of future research to identify genomic features and quantify evolutionary processes that are driving these rate changes across primates.

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Hong Hanh, Nguyen Thi. "POSSIBILITY AND CONSTRAINT PARAMETERS FOR AUTOMATED GENERALIZATION OF MULTI – SCALE BASE MAPS." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 4B (2018): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/4b/12036.

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Map generalization plays an important role in map-making process. Map generalization depends on many factors such as purpose, geographic scope, thematic, map scale… and therefore it remains one of the challenging issues in Cartography. This paper discusses the constraint parameters and process of cartographic generalization from map data at 1:2000 to map data at smaller scale such as 1:5.000, 1:10.000, 1:25.000, 1:50.000 and 1:100.000. These constraint parameters are indentified by applying cartographic principles and using experimental procedures with generalization toolset in ArcGIS 10. Defined constraint parameters are then put in cartographic generalization for base maps of Ho Chi Minh City in order to verify their rationalities.Research result shows that, using right parameters and GIS cartographic generalization tools could provide good way to generalize and create base map products fast, efficient and reasonable. It also provides useful information for further research in automated map generalization and in creating multi-scale, multi-purpose map database.

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An Cong Tran, Thanh Trinh Thi Kim, and Hai Thanh Nguyen. "An Image-Based Rice Weighing Estimation Approach on Clock Type Weighing Scale Using Deep Learning and Geometric Transformations." Advances in Technology Innovation 8, no. 2 (2023): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.46604/aiti.2023.10926.

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AI impacts surrounding human life, such as the economy, health, education, and agricultural production; however, the crop prices in the harvest season are still on manual calculation, which causes doubts about accuracy. In this study, an image-based approach is proposed to help farmers calculate rice prices more accurately. YOLOv5 is used to detect and extract the scales in the images taken from the harvesting of rice crops. Then, various image processing techniques, such as brightness balance, background removal, etc., are compiled to determine the needle position and number on the extracted scale. Lastly, geometric transformations are proposed to calculate the weight. A real dataset of 709 images is used for the experiment. The proposed method achieves good results in terms of mAP@0.5 at 0.995, mAP@[0.5:0.95] at 0.830 for scale detection, and MAE at 3.7 for weight calculation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Map scale'

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