Dissertations / Theses: 'Mapping (GIS)'

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Yunatci, Ali Anil. "Gis Based Seismic Hazard Mapping Of Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612688/index.pdf.

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Efficiency of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis mainly depends on the individual successes of its complementing components
such as source characterization and ground motion intensity prediction. This study contributes to major components of the seismic hazard workflow including magnitude &ndash
rupture dimension scaling relationships, and ground motion intensity prediction. The study includes revised independent models for predicting rupture dimensions in shallow crustal zones, accompanied by proposals for geometrically compatible rupture area-length-width models which satisfy the rectangular rupture geometry assumption. Second main part of the study focuses on developing a new ground motion prediction model using data from Turkish strong ground motion database. The series of efforts include, i) compilation and processing of a strong motion dataset, ii) quantifying parameter uncertainties of predictive parameters such as magnitude and source to site distance
and predicted accelerations due to uncertainty in site conditions and response, as well as uncertainty due to random orientation of the sensor, iii) developing a ground response model as a continuous function of peak ground acceleration and shear wave velocity, and finally, iv) removing bias in predictions due to uneven sampling of the dataset. Auxiliary components of the study include a systematic approach to source characterization problem, with products ranging from description of systematically idealized and documented seismogenic faults in Anatolia, to delineation, magnitude-recurrence parameterization, and selection of maximum magnitude earthquakes. Last stage of the study covers the development of a custom computer code for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment which meets the demands of modern state of practice.

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Weikmann, Amanda Maria. "Urban Erosion Potential Risk Mapping with GIS." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81879.

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Federal, state and local governments are increasingly focused on the effects of development on water quality and quantity. With waterbodies being especially sensitive to certain pollutants, such as sediment and nutrients, regulations have been put in place to control the amount of pollutant that gets discharged. Sediment is a cause for concern as it originates during both rural and urban activities, and often carries other pollutants (metals, nutrients, etc.) with it. Existing erosion models focus primarily on estimating erosion from agricultural watersheds. Methods are needed to predict areas with high erosive potential (EP) in urban watersheds. Highlighting highly erosive areas in urbanized watersheds allows for the prioritization of maintenance and installation of Stormwater Control Measures (SCMs), and monitoring of sediment by municipal planners and engineers. This study utilizes commonly available geospatial layers in conjunction with a computational procedure to compute relative EP risk throughout a target urban watershed. A case study of the developed methodology was performed on a watershed in Blacksburg, VA, to generate EP risk maps. Results of the study indicate areas of erosive potential within the target watershed and provide a methodology for creating erosion potential risk maps for use by municipal planners and engineers
Master of Science

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Miller, Roy H. III. "Spatial Mapping of Strain Patterns Using GIS." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1441362674.

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Bolanos, Arias Sandra. "Using image analysis and GIS for coffee mapping." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18477.

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Currently, the system that developing countries use to map coffee crops is expensive, tedious and inaccurate; therefore coffee maps cannot be updated frequently and production cannot be accurately estimated. If such countries could map coffee crops in a cost-effective way, they would have an advantage in terms of setting the prices and getting a higher return for their product. Here I hypothesize that coffee systems can be properly characterized and mapped using the spectral and spatial information derived from satellite images and topographic data. I also believe that during the spatial analysis of the data, the additional information provided by an object-based approach (comprehensive information about the shape and context of a particular area) provides more information than a pixel-based one, traditionally used in the integration of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). I statistically analyzed spatial and spectral characteristics of different coffee systems (monoculture, polyculture and agroforestry systems) in three study areas in Colombia of 70km2 each. I integrated satellite images and topographic grids using both pixel-based and object-based approaches in a hierarchical approach and the results were compared. Following this hierarchical approach, a preliminary classification was performed to reduce the number of classes spectrally similar to coffee systems. Then in a second step, the classification was refined using decision rules from the statistical analysis of objects (composed of at least 3 pixels). Finally, using the same objects, the classification was refined further, through linear spectral unmixing. The results show that the rule-based classification combined with an object-based approach can improve the overall accuracy of the classification by 3% and by 17.47% for the coffee class when compared to the pixel-based analysis. The linear spectral unmixing, however, does not contribute to improve the classification a
Actuellement, le système que les pays en voie de développement emploient pour cartographier les récoltes de café est cher, pénible et imprécis. Ainsi, les cartes de café ne peuvent être mises à jour fréquemment et la production ne peut pas être estimée avec exactitude. Si ces pays pouvaient cartographier les récoltes de café d'une manière plus économique, ils auraient un avantage pour fixer les prix et obtenir des revenus plus élevés pour leur produit. Je pose ici l'hypothèse que les zones de café peuvent être correctement caractérisés et cartographiés en utilisant l'information spectrale et spatiale dérivée des images satellites et des données topographiques. Je suppose également que pendant l'analyse spatiale des données, l'information additionnelle fournie par une approche 'object-basée' (informations complètes sur la forme et le contexte d'une zone particulière) fournit plus d'informations que qu'une approche 'pixel-basée', traditionnellement utilisée dans l'intégration de la télédétection et des systèmes d'information géographiques (GIS). J'ai analysé (statistiquement) les caractéristiques spatiales et spectrales des systèmes de café dans trois secteurs d'étude en Colombie de 70km2 chacun. J'ai intégré des images satellites et des grilles topographiques en utilisant les 2 approches 'pixel-basée' et 'object-basée' dans une approche hiérarchique et les résultats ont été comparés. Des objets ont été formés sur la base de la similitude spectrale des bandes 2.3.4 5 et 7. Après l'approche hiérarchique, une classification préliminaire a été effectuée pour réduire le nombre de classes spectralement semblables aux systèmes de café. Alors, dans une deuxième étape, la classification est affinée en utilisant des règles de décision sur l'analyse statistique de plus petits objets (composés de 5 pixel ou moins). Finalement, en utilisant les mêmes objets, la classification a été de nouveau affin

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Tyoda, Zipho. "Landslide susceptibility mapping : remote sensing and GIS approach." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79856.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
Landslide susceptibility maps are important for development planning and disaster management. The current synthesis of landslide susceptibility maps largely applies GIS and remote sensing techniques. One of the most critical stages on landslide susceptibility mapping is the selection of landslide causative factors and weighting of the selected causative factors, in accordance to their influence to slope instability. GIS is ideal when deriving static factors i.e. slope and aspect and most importantly in the synthesis of landslide susceptibility maps. The integration of landslide causative thematic maps requires the selection of the weighting method; in order to weight the causative thematic maps in accordance to their influence to slope instability. Landslide susceptibility mapping is based on the assumption that future landslides will occur under similar circumstances as historic landslides. The weight of evidence method is ideal for landslide susceptibility mapping, as it calculates the weights of the causative thematic maps using known landslides points. This method was applied in an area within the Western Cape province of South Africa, the area is known to be highly susceptible to landslide occurrences. A prediction rate of 80.37% was achieved. The map combination approach was also applied and achieved a prediction rate of 50.98%. Satellite remote sensing techniques can be used to derive the thematic information needed to synthesize landslide susceptibility maps and to monitor the variable parameters influencing landslide susceptibility. Satellite remote sensing techniques can contribute to landslide investigation at three distinct phases namely: (1) detection and classification of landslides (2) monitoring landslide movement and identification of conditions leading up to an event (3) analysis and prediction of slope failures. Various sources of remote sensing data can contribute to these phases. Although the detection and classification of landslides through the remote sensing techniques is important to define landslide controlling parameters, the ideal is to use remote sensing data for monitoring of areas susceptible to landslide occurrence in an effort to provide an early warning. In this regard, optical remote sensing data was used successfully to monitor the variable conditions (vegetation health and productivity) that make an area susceptible to landslide occurrence.

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Lee, Jong Won. "Effect of gis learning on spatial ability." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3896.

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This research used a spatial skills test and cognitive-mapping test to examine the effect of GIS learning on the spatial ability and spatial problem solving of college students. A total of 80 participants, undergraduate students at Texas A&M University, completed pre- and post- spatial skills tests administered during the 2003 fall semester. Analysis of changes in the studentsÂ test scores revealed that GIS learning could help students improve their spatial ability. Strong correlations existed between the participantsÂ spatial ability and their performance in the GIS course. The research also found that spatial ability improvement linked to GIS learning was not significantly related to differences in gender or to academic major (geography majors vs. science and engineering majors). A total of 64 participants, recruited from students enrolled in Introduction to GIS and Computer Cartography at Texas A&M University, completed pre- and post- cognitive-mapping tests administered during the 2003 fall semester. StudentsÂ performance on the cognitive-mapping test was used to measure their spatial problem solving. The study assumed that the analysis of the individual map-drawing strategies would reveal information about the cognitive processes participants used to solve their spatial tasks. The participants were requested to draw a map that could help their best friends find their way to three nearby commercial locations. The map-drawing process was videotaped in order to allow the researcher to classify subjectsÂ map-drawing strategies. The study identified two distinctive map-drawing strategies: hierarchical and regional. Strategies were classified as hierarchical when subjects began by drawing the main road network across the entire map, and as regional when they completed mapping sub-areas before moving on to another sub-area. After completion of a GIS course, a significant number of participants (about half) changed their map-drawing strategies. However, more research is necessary to address why these changes in strategy came about.

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Rock, Nathaniel Robert. "Mapping geospatial events based on extracted spatial information from web documents." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1068.

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Web documents such as news articles, social feeds, and blogs provide an abundant and readily available data source of spatial information relating to dynamic events such as wildfires, storms, and chemical spills. Research in the fields of geographic information retrieval and natural language processing use methods to extract place-names from web documents that can be used to geocode these events. However much of the spatial information in these articles are difficult to use because of the inherent vagueness of natural language. This thesis aims to develop methods to handle the vaguness of representing natural language descriptions of events by integrating precise spatial information (landmarks and geographic coordinates) with imprecise spatial information to provide a map-based visualization of the likely spatial extent and location of web document events.

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Wade, Steven David. "The development of geographical information systems for nitrate vulnerability mapping." Thesis, Coventry University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336455.

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Ricci, Mattia. "Web Mapping: dai GIS ai sistemi per la geolocalizzazione." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9553/.

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L'elaborato tratta dell'evoluzione dei sistemi di raccolta dati geografici e mappatura grazie all'utilizzo delle tecnologie informatiche e di come sia cambiato il loro utilizzo nel corso del tempo e l'utenza che ne fa uso. Viene anche trattata in maniera tecnica la struttura che compone uno di questi sistemi per permettere l'interazione via web con una mappa digitale. Si effettuano inoltre ipotesi su possibili sviluppi futuri di tali tecnologie.

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Firoozi, Nejad Behnam. "Population mapping using census data, GIS and remote sensing." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.705917.

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This thesis assesses approaches to population surface modeling by pulling together the benefits of reference gridded population data with local regression procedures and geographically weighted regression. This study provides a more detailed assessment of surface modelling accuracy than was achieved in any previous studies to assess factors which explain errors in the predictions. The primary aim of this thesis is to evaluate Martin’s (1989) population surface modeling approach and also design and implement a method using secondary data, suitable for application in England and Wales. This research is based on the idea that population data presented for a single zone could be redistributed in the zone using local parameters such as housing density. A weighted sum performs the spatial redistribution. The thesis also aims to make use of remote sensing (RS) data and image processing techniques such as maximum likelihood classification and normalised difference vegetation index to identify (un) populated cells. The potential of Landsat images and RS data analysis is assessed particularly for countries where high quality land use data are not readily obtainable, and their generation is not feasible in the near future. This thesis focuses on the identification of unpopulated cells, rather than populated units, using RS data. Case studies make use of data from Northern Ireland (NI), and Jonkoping in southern Sweden. The outcomes indicate the impact of population density, population variance, and resolution of source zones on the accuracy of population allocation to grid cells using Martin’s (1989) model. The results show significant accuracy in prediction to 100m cells using an alternative approach based on settlement data for NI and this is recommended as an alternative method for England and Wales. It also concluded that there the potential to generate population surfaces using Landsat data for areas where local residential data are not easily accessible.

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Yilmaz, Cagatay. "Gis-based Landslide Susceptibility Mapping In Devrek (zonguldak &amp." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608805/index.pdf.

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate and to compare the results of bivariate statistical analysis conducted with three different data sets in Geographical Information Systems (GIS) based landslide susceptibility mapping applied to the Devrek region. The data sets are created from the seed cells of crowns and flanks, only crowns, and only flanks of the landslides by using 10 different parameters of the study area. To increase the data dependency of the analysis, all parameter maps are classified into equal frequency classes based directly on the percentile divisions of each seed cells data set. The resultant maps of the landslide susceptibility analysis indicate that all data sets produce acceptable results. In each seed cell data set analysis, elevation, lithology, slope, aspect and drainage density parameters are found to be the most contributing factors in landslide occurrences. The results of the three data sets are compared by Seed Cell Area Index (SCAI). This comparison shows that the crowns data set produces the most accurate and successful landslide susceptibility map of the study area.

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Ayca, Aykut. "Development Of A Web Gis-based Tsunami Inundation Mapping Service." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614404/index.pdf.

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Tsunamis, as the catastrophic disasters, can cause loss of live and property when they come to the shores. Preparation of emergency plans is essential to reduce the damage. Consequently, any initiative in tsunami modeling and inundation mapping is of vital importance for progressing safety surveillance and maintenance. In an effort to achieve a thorough analysis of effect of tsunami, it is critical to estimate the geographical extent of possibly affected area and to predict tsunami impacts. The inundation mapping system also must serve to manage the simulation data in a scalable environment to reach end-users in the time of event. For this purpose, in this study, the generation of a Web based Geographic Information System (GIS) to serve inundation maps through web. The research methodology consists of four main stages: (i) simulating tsunamis based on six different scenarios (ii) processing simulation data through a GIS application
(iii) development of web interfaces and implementation of the developed model for Web-GIS application
(iv) verification of the created model for Marmara Sea Region. The proposed system is expected to be an efficient tool for improving inundation mapping efforts for expected tsunamis in Turkey.

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Thackrah, G. "Habitat mapping and biodiversity monitoring using earth observation and GIS." Thesis, Swansea University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639175.

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Areas of high conservation value in the UK often have a legal requirement for some form of regular monitoring of their status. This thesis investigates the use of methods in Earth Observation to achieve this both reliably and faster than land based approaches. This is done through the use of a case study in south Wales, Kenfig National Nature Reserve. The site is a candidate Special Area for Conservation under the European Union's Habitats Directive. This is due to the presence of the fen orchid, Liparis loeselii, and petalwort, Petalophyllum ralfsii. Use is made of data from two principal airborne multispectral sensors, the Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) and the Airborne Thematic Mapper (ATM) as well as a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) instrument. Simple methods of EO data processing are used to classify these data and produce accurate maps of habitat in an area of high conservation value. Habitats with similar spectral properties are hard to classify in this way. Methods of data fusion and information aggregation were thus applied to assist in the identification of habitats inaccurately identified with the simpler methods of classification. These are shown to produce more robust results. Furthermore, ancillary data, in the form of elevation information, may also be used to refine the classification process again. Using a method of information aggregation that allows constituent sources to be differentially weighted in light of a priori knowledge regarding classifier accuracy, a robust classification is produced. It is concluded that the data fusion approaches allow more robust classification products to be supplied to the end users of the data, the managers of sites of conservation interest such as Kenfig NNR. The availability of such approaches in commonly available computing environments is currently limited; it is therefore suggested that they be made more widely available by suppliers of GIS technology to conservation organisations.

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Saini, Aditya. "Mapping snow cover in Siberia using GIS and remote sensing." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/94.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2003.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Ali, Salih Mohamed Sidahmed. "GIS time series mapping of a former South African homeland." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2506.

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Thesis (MTech (Cartography))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.
This case study investigates the change in the geographical boundaries by creating a Spatio-temporal mapping of Ciskei (one of the so-called Bantustans or Homelands) during the period of Apartheid. It examines the reasons for its establishment, and what impact the apartheid land legislation had on the geographical boundaries of Ciskei. GIS technology was used in this study to create time series animation and Static map to display the spatial change of the Ciskei boundaries. This investigation was split into quantitative and qualitative assessments. The aim of the quantitative assessments was to determine the amount of the spatial change of the Ciskei geographic boundary. The qualitative methods was used to investigate the map viewer’s understanding of the amount of the information in the static and animated maps. The results of qualitative assessments showed that static and animated maps have their respective advantages in the visualization of the map viewer. The importance of this research is to take advantage of time series mapping techniques to study the homeland areas in South Africa and see all the changes that have occurred as a result of a period of apartheid legislation. For this research, the following data were gathered: Attribute and metadata was the legislation and laws related to the land and the geographic data was the historical maps and coordinate data.

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Barrett, William Lee. "SOUTHERN ILLINOIS GIS MAPPING FOR NEXT GENERATION 9-1-1." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1008.

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Next Generation 9-1-1 (NG 9-1-1) will revolutionize how the public accesses emergency services and will alter the technological landscape within which existing public safety agencies operate. A lack of systematic methodologies exists for quality control of the required geospatial data layers for NG 9-1-1 systems. The primary objective of this study was to develop and systematize a highly accurate NG 9-1-1 GIS database for Counties of Southern Illinois (CSI). The project goals included mapping relevant geospatial data layers required by and based on NENA standard data formats; conducting data quality control and standardization; and providing standardized spatial datasets for NG 9-1-1 to relevant stakeholders. The approach was developed using a conceptual model for error and uncertainty analysis of the GIS-based NG 9-1-1 system. This included the identification of various sources of input uncertainties often associated with spatial data layers; modeling the accumulation and propagation of errors; analyzing their impact on the quality of the spatial data layers; and correcting the errors. Modeling uncertainty propagation focused on positional errors and was conducted through a simulation procedure. The results showed that the original spatial datasets possessed a large account of uncertainties, especially location errors of railroads and roads. The errors had different sources, including input map errors, the use of different map projection and coordinate systems, a lack of topological structures, etc. In addition, they varied from county to county. From the error propagation simulation, it was also found that the location errors measured as root mean square error (RMSE) fluctuated when the perturbed distance of the ground control points (GCP) was less than 15 m. After that, the RMSE increased as the perturbed distance of GCPs increased. This relationship was significantly linear. In addition, the location errors from railroads were larger than those from roads.

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Almond, Simon John. "Remote sensing within GIS for woodland inventory and monitoring." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386832.

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Kommana, Karteek. "Implementation of a Geoserver Applicatoin For GIS Data Distribution and Manipulation." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-92592.

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Accessibility and Interactivity are keywords of information today and that is equally important in science as anywhere else. When scientists share information it benefits if it is intuitive, informative and simple and does not demand expert skills in complicated formats. This master thesis has the aim to investigate open source software tools to design a web map application that can be used by any institute or NGO to distribute their data over internet. The Java platform to be implemented is the open source OpenLayers which allow users to view and potentially manipulate GIS map data through a web map application. Whatever GIS data made available on the Geoserver (the host site for the application) can be shared to users worldwide. The user can then: add from a list of available data layers, choose background (e.g. Google Earth, Open Street Map, etc.), zoom in and out, pan, change symbols and colors, add their own data on top and start animation (if applicable). The data distributed from the Geoserver can also be viewed and accessed from smartphones whichopens the possibility to make the public part of the larger data gathering task of specific scientific inventories like observations of migrating birds, or whatever indicator a specific scientist is interested in. Data is uploaded to the Geoserver and can then be analyzed and the result is distributed to the public.

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Belden, Deborah Jeanne. "Geomorphological mapping of the K2 area, Pakistan using GIS and remote sensing." Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112008-121208/.

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Governanti, Brett J. "The Myaamia Mapping Project." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1111635149.

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Sanaei, Akbar. "Instrumented combine harvester based reliable yeild mapping aided by GIS/GPS." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262893.

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Langemark, Stefan. "GIS in a simulator environment and efficient inverse mapping of roads." Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Computer Vision, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54361.

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This thesis investigates the possibilities of using GIS (Geographic Information System) data with an airborne autonomous vehicle developed in the WITAS project. Available for the thesis are high resolution (0.16 meter sample interval) aerial photographs over Stockholm, and vector data in a common GIS format containing all roads in the Stockholm area.

A method for removing cars from aerial photographs is presented, using the filtering method normalized convolution, originally developed for filtering uncertain and incomplete data. By setting the certainty to zero over the cars, this data is disregarded in the filtering process, resulting in an image without cars. This method is further improved by choosing an anisotropic applicability function, resulting in a filtering that preserves structures oriented in certain directions.

The available vector data is investigated with regard to its use in a simulator for vehicle movement, and is found to be missing much of the essential information needed in such a simulator. A new data format better suited to these requirements is created, using the extensible markup language (XML) which generates a humanreadable data format and can use existing parsers to make the implementation simpler. The result is a somewhat complex, but highly general data format that can accurately express almost any type of road and intersection. Cars can follow arbitrary paths in the road database and move with a smooth motion suitable for use as input to image processing equipment. The simulator does not allow any dynamic behaviour such as changing speeds, starting or stopping, or interaction between cars, takeovers or intelligent behavior in intersections.

In the airborne vehicle, a mapping from pixels in a camera image (like the ones output from the simulator) to locations in the road database is needed. This is an inverse mapping with respect to visualizing as described above. This gives important information to a car tracking system regarding the probable movement of cars and also making it possible to determine if a car breaks traffic regulations. A mapping of this kind is created using a simplified form of ray tracing known as ray casting, together with space partitioning methods used to vastly improve efficiency.

All above mentioned tasks are implemented using C++ and object oriented methods, giving maintainable and extendable code suiting a quickly changing research area. The interface to the simulator is designed to be compatible to the existing simulation software used in the WITAS project. Visualization is done through the OpenGL graphics library, providing realistic effects such as lighting and shading.

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Zahiri, Hani. "A predictive GIS methodology for mapping potential mining induced rock falls." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060725.120628/index.html.

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Boulos, Maged Nabih Kamel. "HealthCyberMap : mapping the health cyberspace using hypermedia GIS and clinical codes." Thesis, City University London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269294.

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Rubiano, Mejia Jorge ElieÌcer Rubiano Mejia. "Mapping and modelling landscape stakeholders' visions in Sherwood Natural Area." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288763.

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Porter, Catherine Sarah. "Mapping spaces : towards a quantitative methodology for exploring maps and mapping in early modern Ireland, c.1530-1610." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2014. https://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/mapping-spaces-towards-a-quantitative-methodology-for-exploring-maps-and-mapping-in-early-modern-ireland-c15301610(5d58fa90-00c1-4a2f-ae67-ff752c07452b).html.

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This thesis assesses the evolution of historic maps of Ireland using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and quantitative approaches. Each of nineteen early modern maps dating to the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries (c.1530 – 1610), a formative period of Irish cartographic history, was analysed to statistically assess the relative positional accuracy of places included on the cartography. Building upon previous studies of analysing cartographic veracity using quantitative approaches, notably Tobler's (1994) bidimensional regression technique, it is the first of its kind to apply these techniques to a series of historic maps. The aim is to test these approaches systematically and critically, compare the statistical techniques, and offer insights into their analytical potential in the history of cartography and historical geography. The thesis also aims to enhance our understanding of the evolution and development of maps and map-making during an age often regarded as revolutionary in scientific cartography in Europe. The study highlighted two main historical and cartographic groups; (I) earlier maps of Ireland created prior to Lythe’s survey cartography in which mapmakers appeared to take a more artistic rather than a ‘measured’ approach to mapping and; (II) maps created subsequent to Lythe’s and of generally higher cartographic precision in illustrating the island's geography. Enduring map ‘errors’ that survived through to the seventeenth century are discussed, and illustrate that the development of maps of Ireland did not progress in a linear fashion. Map lineage was complex, and plagiarism between mapmakers was rife with one map, by Robert Lythe (PHA 9581, c.1571), shown to form the basis for many subsequent maps. The methodology developed in this thesis is a fundamental addition to early map research, by adding to key debates in the history of cartography concerned with how early maps developed and evolved, and providing new insights on Ireland’s early cartography.

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Clement, Claire. "Mapping Women's Movement in Medieval England." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/367.

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This thesis investigates women’s geographical movement in medieval England from the perspective of mobility and freedom. It uses pilgrimage accounts from medieval miracle story collections and to gather information about individual travel patterns. The study uses GIS to analyze gendered mobility patterns, and to investigate whether there were noticeable differences in the distance which men and women traveled and the geographical area of the country they originated. It also analyzes the nearness of men’s and women’s respective origin towns to alternative pilgrimage locations, as a means of examining the factors determining gendered travel mobility. The study finds that women’s travel distances were less than men’s, especially in the later medieval period, but that they were in fact more likely than men to come from areas proximate to alternative pilgrimage sites. This suggests the existence of higher mobility capacity for women living in areas with greater contact with other travelers.

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Crosta, Alvaro Penteado. "Mapping of residual soils by remote sensing for mineral exploration in SW Minas Gerais State, Brazil." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47830.

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Mentis, Dimitrios. "Wind Energy Assessment in Africa; A GIS-based approach." Thesis, KTH, Energisystemanalys, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-125744.

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This study analyses the potential of onshore wind power on the African continent. Appropriate socio-economic and geographical constraints as well as current technology’s efficiencies are applied in order to reach the desired result. The current energy access in Africa is described to illustrate the need of promoting the wind power penetration on the continent. The existing as well as the under construction wind farms are mapped. Thereafter, the methodology of approaching the resource assessment is analyzed. For the energy generation assessment, not only wind speed strength but also its probability of occurrence over a certain period of time is important and thus considered in this study. High resolution wind speed data from Vortex and lower resolution daily wind speed data are combined and processed in order to obtain a fine wind speed distribution and thus wind energy production generated by selected wind turbine models. The different categories of wind power potential are defined and evaluated. Additionally, screening criteria regarding the localization of wind farms are outlined and implemented through GIS analysis. Subsequently interactive maps are prepared. ArcGIS software is used in order to capture, store and manipulate the required data and to obtain a holistic view of the study. The study is conducted at a continental level using a 1km×1km (longitude, latitude) land-use grid as the finest resolution. Ultimately the results of this work are presented and compared with similar approaches and significant conclusions are drawn. Based on the analysis there are some countries that signify high yearly wind energy yield, such as South Africa, Sudan, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Nigeria, Mauritania, Tunisia and Morocco, whilst Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Central African Republic, Burundi, Liberia, Benin and Togo indicate the least wind power potential. Also important future work is suggested.
Denna studie analyserar potentialen för landbaserad vindkraft på den afrikanska kontinenten. Lämpliga socioekonomiska och geografiska begränsningar samt aktuella vindkraftverkens effektkurvor tillämpas för att nå det önskade resultatet. Den nuvarande tillgången till energi i Afrika beskrivs för att illustrera behovet av att främja vinkraftens penetration på kontinenten. De befintliga vindkraftverken såväl som de under konstruktion kartläggs. Därefter analyseras metoden för att närma sig resurs bedömningen. Bedömningen av energiproduktion och vindhastighet samt dess sannolikhet att inträffa under en viss tid är både viktigt och nödvändigt för denna studie. De olika kategorierna av potential för vindkraftverk definieras och utvärderas. Dessutom beskrivs kriterier av lokalisering för vindkraftverk och genomförs genom GIS-analys. Därefter förbereds interaktiva kartor. ArcGIS software används för att fånga, lagra och manipulera data som krävs samt för att få en helhetssyn av studien. Studien genomförs vid en kontinental nivå genom att använda en 1 km x 1 km (longitud, latitud) rutnät för markanvändning med den finaste upplösningen. Slutligen presenteras resultaten av detta arbete och jämförs med liknande metoder, viktiga slutsatser dras samt viktigt framtida arbete föreslås.

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Gustavsson, Marcus. "Development of a Detailed Geomorphological Mapping System and GIS Geodatabase in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7222.

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This thesis presents a method for detailed landscape presentation. The method incorporates both fieldwork-based comprehensive geomorphological description and digital data handling and thus contributes in filling the gap between traditional geomorphological mapping and modern geomorphological studies performed in Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

The main part of the thesis relates to development of a new detailed geomorphological mapping system, constructed to be easy to use and yet present a large amount of geomorphological information. The legend of the mapping system has successfully been applied to various types of landscapes, mapped at various scales between 1:5,000 and 1:50,000 without any modifications needed. The information presented in the map is based on simple descriptive criteria and thus the subjectivity is kept low, which enables a broad field of usage. In parallel with the mapping system a GIS-based geomorphological database has been developed. The structure and data presentation of the new mapping system allows for easy transformation of the data to form part of this database. The selected format of the GIS database is the ESRI ArcGIS^®, Personal geodatabase.

In the development of the geomorphological mapping system four field areas have been mapped in central (Bonäs, Risa and Liden) and northern Sweden (Tarfala). In addition the new legend has been adapted to a field area situated in Vorarlberg, Austria (Upper Gamperdona valley).

In relation to the Tarfala field area an added issue of the project has been to give insights in the effects of physical and chemical weathering on various rock types to see if this can be detected in materials and landforms. The results from this study point at that resistance towards weathering vary among rocks even though they are of same rock type.

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Joyce, Kerry Eloise. "Public health decision making : the value of geographical information systems (GIS) mapping." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2007. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/2652/.

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Technologies such as geographical information systems (GIS) have emerged during the past two decades as part of the Information Revolution and include functions such as data storage, management, integration, analysis and presentation. GIS have wide and diverse applications in disciplines such as engineering, business/marketing, urban planning and environmental management but remain underused in public health. The thesis reports the findings of a mixed methods study examining the views and perceptions of public health practitioners on the value of GIS mapping in decision-making. A case study design was chosen; the case issue (childhood lead [Pb] exposure) represents an example of the "case" which is defined as 'decision- making in public health'. The exploratory phase of the study combined heterogeneous data to produce a visualisation of lead contamination in Newcastle. The value of GIS in public health was explored in an interview phase. Twenty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted with decision-makers involved either directly or indirectly in public health practice. Interview recordings were transcribed and coded thematically for analysis. Decision-makers tended to be positive about the use of GIS in public health and many volunteered potential opportunities to apply GIS mapping techniques further. Four discourses were highlighted through analyses, namely: data origins (Ontological Discourse), status (Power Discourse), application (Functionality Discourse) and reciprocity (Collaboration Discourse). The power of maps to integrate multiple, disparate datasets was found to be important and respondents felt, overall, that GIS mapping was a democratic means of communication. Complexity frameworks are drawn upon to make sense of the research findings and to illuminate the need for non-reductionist models of decision-making in the public health context. The lessons learnt through this study can be translated to other fields, thereby sharing skills, knowledge and experience to promote collaboration and integrated thinking across the public health landscape.

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Von, Holdt Diana (Diana Sheila). "GIS mapping and analysis of aircraft noise at Cape Town International Airport." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53441.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The noise produced by aircraft during operations around airports represents a senous social, technical, economic and environmental problem which is only going to get worse as air traffic volumes increase. Rapid urbanisation, development encroachment and poor planning in the past have resulted in noisy airport runways being situated too close to residents' living space. Rapid industrial growth and lack of funding exacerbate noise problems in developing countries. Moreover, developing countries and especially South Africa tend to have moderate climates and open-window living, which makes insulation an ineffective solution to the noise problem. This study aims at employing GIS to establish the potential noise exposure of various sensitive land use categories and population groups in the noise-controlled area at Cape Town International Airport. Firstly, options for the demarcation of a noise-controlled area were evaluated. Thereafter, incompatible land uses and priority areas for land use compatibility projects were identified and recommendations made for urban renewal projects for these areas. Lastly, the noise-exposed population were profiled according to vulnerability characteristics and vulnerable groups identified and located. A recommendation was made that Cape Town International Airport set up an interactive map-based website to disseminate information to the public about noise and any other important issues concerning the airport. An Internet GIS application would empower citizens by providing them with a dynamic and interactive tool for improved public participation and a better understanding of the potential environmental and socio-economic effects of the airport. Noise complaints could also be investigated through the website and prompt feedback given to the communities complaining about aircraft noise. At the local community level where people are being annoyed every day and night resulting in negative health effects, the problem of aircraft noise demands urgent attention, and measures should be put in place to reduce vulnerability to noise and improve the overall quality of life of noiseweary residents. Keywords: aircraft noise, noise mapping, noise-controlled area, noise contours, land use compatibility, noise exposure
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die geraas veroorsaak deur vliegtuie by lughawens bied ernstige sosiale, tegniese, ekonomiese en omgewingsprobleme, wat net erger gaan raak namate vlugverkeer toeneem. Snelle verstedeliking, ontwikkelings-oorskryding en swak beplanning in die verlede het veroorsaak dat raserige aanloopbane te nabyaan mense se leefruimte gebou is. Vinnige industriële groei en 'n tekort aan befondsing vererger geraasprobleme in ontwikkelende lande. Bowendien het ontwikkelende lande, en veral Suid Afrika, 'n matige klimaat en oop-venster-leefwyse wat isolering 'n oneffektiewe oplossing maak vir die geraasprobleem. Hierdie studie het ten doelom GIS te gebruik om die potensiële geraas blootstelling van sensitiewe grondgebruike en bevolkingsgroepe in die geraas-kontrole area by Kaapstad Internasionale Lughawe vas te stel. Eerstens is opsies vir die afbakening van die geraas-kontrole area geëvalueer. Daaropvolgend IS onversoenbare grondgebruike en prioriteitsareas VIr grondgebruikversoeningsprojekte geïdentifiseer en aanbevelings gemaak vir stedelike vernuwingsprojekte vir hierdie areas. Laastens is 'n profiel daargestel van die geraas-blootgestelde bevolkings volgens kwesbaarheidskenmerke en kwesbare groepe is geïdentifiseer en hulligging aangedui. 'n Voorstel is gemaak dat Kaapstad Internasionale Lughawe 'n interaktiewe kaart-gebaseerde webwerf in werking moet stelom inligting oor geraas- en ander belangrike probleme in verband met die lughawe beskikbaar te stel vir die publiek en ander belanghebbendes. 'n Internet-GIS toepassing sal mense bemagtig deur hulle te voorsien van 'n dinamiese en interaktiewe meganisme wat sal lei tot beter gemeenskapsdeelname en ook 'n beter begrip van die potensiële omgewings- en sosio-ekonomiese uitwerking van die lughawe. Klagte oor geraas kan ook deur die webwerf hanteer en ondersoek word, en verder hulp verleen word deur vinnige terugvoering aan die gemeenskap wat die klagtes gelê het. Op plaaslike gemeenskapsvlak, waar mense elke dag en nag geïrriteerd raak en waar dit dan kan lei tot negatiewe gesondheidsinvloed, sal die probleem van vliegtuiggeraas dringend aangespreek moet word, en stappe geneem word ten einde kwesbaarheid van inwoners teenoor vliegtuiggeraas te verminder. Dit sal dan lei tot die algehele verbetering van die lewensgehalte van geraas-moeë Inwoners. Sleutelwoorde: vliegtuiggeraas, geraaskartering. geraas-kontrole area, geraaskontoere, grondgebruik versoenbaarheid, geraas blootstelling

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Kimani, Alexander. "Gis mapping of community perceptions of illegal waste dumping in Mbekweni, Paarl." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8251.

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Magister Artium - MA
Illegal dumping is a global environmental problem that receives significant management and research attention from various fields of study. Illegally disposed waste (in all of its formats) can cause negative impacts on natural and human environments, and often requires multilevel interventions to abate, or to solve the resultant problems. The impacts of illegal or unsustainable disposal of waste on land, water bodies and the atmosphere contribute to various environmental problems and their levels of intensity at global, regional, national and local scales. Illegal waste disposal also infringes on fundamental human rights that are associated with clean and safe living environments.

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Harwood, Joseph Walter IV. "Delineation and GIS Mapping of Urban Heat Islands Using Landsat TM Imagery." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1208562366.

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Taha, Ahmad Adnan Mohammad. "Mapping the underworld : integrated GNSS based positioning and GIS based GNSS simulation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10607/.

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The United Kingdom utility services are facing the challenge of "mapping the underworld" over four million kilometres of buried pipes and cables (a combination of water, sewage, gas, electricity and drainage). Having accurately mapped pipes and cables increases the efficiency of street works projects, but many existing pipes and cables were only mapped relative to other topographic map features and to varying levels of accuracy. The aim of this thesis is to research various means of improving the positional accuracy of underground utilities in built-up areas through the use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), integrated with other positioning systems such as Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) and total stations. The reliability and accuracy of the integrated system is an underpinning issue and this thesis looks at testing both current and future GNSS constellations in a controlled environment at the University of Nottingham campus. GNSS integrated with an INS in the first instance, and integrated with a total-station in the second instance, are tested using a network of established points in urban canyon environments on the campus. Several, new technologies were developed by the author including: Urban Canyon GNSS Simulation (UCGS) - a GIS tool; Multiple Step Integration Technique (MSIT) - a methodology for GNSS/INS data collection and processing; and Continuous Updating Technique (CUPT) - a software for GNSS/total-station integration. The results of different simulations provide evidence that using more than one GNSS constellation will significantly increase the availability of GNSS positions in urban canyon environments. However, position availability using the criteria of 5 or more satellites with a Position Dilution Of Precision (PDOP) value of 6 or less for centimetre level is not guaranteed 100% of the time when using GNSS alone. Considering the results of the integrated GNSS/INS system, the position availability was guaranteed 100% of the time in all environments, but the accuracy is not enough to meet utility service requirements. The best results used GNSS integrated with a total-station and showed that, in this case, position availability to a centimetre level of accuracy can be guaranteed 100% of the time in all environments.

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Dickerson, Thomas Ashby. "Development and Evaluation of the Profile Synthesis Method for Approximate Floodplain Redelineation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35847.

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In the United States, the floodplain maps used in the administration of the National Flood Insurance Program are created and maintained by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Currently, a nationwide map modernization program is underway to convert the existing paper floodplain maps into a digital format, while continuing to improve the maps and expand the scope of the studies. The flood zones depicted on these maps are developed through engineering studies, using a variety of accepted methods to model and predict flood-prone areas. These methods are classified as detailed, limited detailed, or approximate, corresponding to varying levels of expense and accuracy. Current flood map revision activities across the nation typically consist of developing new hydraulic models, or reusing existing hydraulic model results in conjunction with new, more detailed LiDAR terrain models.

This research develops a profile synthesis method for redelineation of approximate flood boundaries, and evaluates the methodâ s performance and usability. The profile synthesis method is shown to perform reliably on simple floodplain geometry, recreating a water surface profile based only on its floodplain boundaries. When applied to a real-world floodplain studied in a previous flood insurance study, the profile synthesis method is shown to perform adequately, with results comparable to an approximate hydraulic model developed in HEC-RAS. Methods similar to this profile synthesis method for reuse of existing approximate zone boundaries have not been widely documented or evaluated; nevertheless, methods such as this are believed to be common in the revision of approximate zone flood boundaries. As such, this work explores concepts which will be of interest to individuals actively involved in flood map revision and modernization.
Master of Science

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Maier, Gunther. "OpenStreetMap, the Wikipedia Map." ERSA (European Regional Science Association), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18335/region.v1i1.70.

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This paper presents OpenStreetMap and closely related software as a resource for spatial economic research. The paper demonstrates how information can be extracted from OpenStreetMap, how it can be used as a geographical interface in web-based communication, and illustrates the value of the tools by use of a specific application, the WU campus GIS. (author's abstract)

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Dambe, Natalia. "Riverine flooding using GIS and remote sensing." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31738.

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Floods are caused by extreme meteorological and hydrological changes that are influenced directly or indirectly by human activities within the environment. The flood trends show that floods will reoccur and shall continue to affect the livelihoods, property, agriculture and the surrounding environment. This research has analyzed the riverine flood by integrating remote sensing, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), and hydraulic and/or hydrological modeling, to develop informed flood mapping for flood risk management. The application of Hydrological Engineering Center River Analysis System (HEC RAS) and HEC HMS models, developed by the USA Hydrologic Engineering Center of the Army Corps of Engineers in a data-poor environment of a developing country were successful, as a flood modeling tools in early warning systems and land use planning. The methodology involved data collection, preparation, and model simulation using 30m Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) as a critical data input of HEC RAS model. The findings showed that modeling using HEC-RAS and HEC HMS models in a data-poor environment requires intensive data enhancements and adjustments; multiple utilization of open sources data; carrying out multiple model computation iterations and calibration; multiple field observation, which may be constrained with time and resources to get reasonable output.

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Aydin, Yunus Emre. "Web Based Multi Participant Spatial Data Entry In Crime Mapping." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607250/index.pdf.

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) development in crime analyses encourages sustainable platforms within various types of users and decision makers. Since patterns of crime incidents are pinpointed and analyzed in crime mapping, accurate data acquisition must be considered as a key concept to construct a successful GIS application. Ankara City Police Department utilizes a semi-automated geocoding interface in which crime incidents including offenders and victims are pinpointed. However, this system has some accuracy errors during geocoding, because in this process point based data are located in the center of street line segments, and this may cause position errors up to 200 meters. Therefore, additional data editing must be done to reach a reasonable accuracy. In this context, real time data editing provides opportunity to gain time instead of expanding the GIS database within received hardcopy files from each police station. As the crime incidents occur daily, online editing must be used to maintain such an accurate and efficient spatial database. In this study, for effective and accurate geocoding, a Web based data acquisition method is proposed. This online entry system enables real-time editing for GIS repository. In this way this study aims to provide a fast and reliable data acquisition system by constructing a multi participant platform enabling online data entry from each police station.

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Kerr, Richard. "Mapping Impacts of Prior Land Use on Soil Phosphorus in Lebanon, New Hampshire." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1290788504.

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Vogiatzakis, Ioannis Nikolaou. "Predicting the distribution of plant communities in the Lefka Ori, Crete, using GIS." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366329.

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Franzén, William. "Mapping Connectivity in the Swedish Agricultural Landscape." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-39253.

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The changes that Swedish agriculture has undergone during the 20th century has resulted in strongly increased productivity, but at the cost of more intensive environmental impacts. One of these is loss of biodiversity, which is driven by, e.g., usage of pesticides and loss and fragmentation of habitats. A vital process for resilient ecosystems is the possibility for species to move between habitats, known as connectivity. One approach to increase connectivity is through strategic perennialization in the agricultural landscape. The aim of this thesis is to map structural connectivity in agricultural landscapes in two major agricultural regions in Sweden and explore options for enhancing connectivity by strategic perennialization. Objectives include the development of a model to map structural connectivity in the Swedish agricultural landscape, identify landscapes where conditions for biodiversity can be improved by strengthening the structural connectivity, and investigate the potential to improve the conditions for biodiversity by introducing perennial crops in the agricultural landscape. The resulting model is based on circuit theory using the software Circuitscape, in which land cover is treated as electric circuits, which are assigned resistance based on the permeability of different types of land cover. The resistance in the developed model is based partly on human impact and partly on structural differences from areas of high biological values, or value cores, between which connectivity is modelled, in terms of object height- and cover. Two agricultural production areas were investigated, Skåne plains and Västra Götaland plains, as well as a testing area in Skåne county. Connectivity maps were created and analysed, and potential areas for strategic perennialization were identified. A strategic perennialization scenario was also modelled in the testing area. Since the application of the model is structural connectivity, uncertainties regarding how well it relates to functional connectivity varies between species. Structural connectivity has nonetheless been shown to facilitate functional connectivity in several aspects. No significant difference in connectivity could be found in the trial area following the introduction of strategic perennialization, but this is most likely due to assumptions behind area selection. Therefore, other approaches for identifying promising locations for strategic perennialization, based on connectivity maps, need to be explored.

2020-06-13

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McConchie, Alan Lowe. "Mapping mashups : participation, collaboration and critique on the world wide web." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2521.

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“Mashups” are web-based maps that intermix user-created data with information gathered from multiple online sources. As part of the wave of “Web 2.0” technologies, mashups represent a shift toward distributed authoring and sharing of Internet content, complicating traditional modes of knowledge production. Mashups originated in the open source “hacker” movement and are now associated with the term “neogeography,” used to describe the practice of amateur mapmaking online. In this thesis I ask whether mashups facilitate a cartography that is more accessible and democratic, studying the ways in which mashup authors create alternative community or personal cartographies while remaining dependent on existing power structures for data and resources. I illuminate these issues through a series of examples, such as: mashups that render personal memories about places, maps created by activist groups to counter dominant representations of geography by governments or corporations, and websites that facilitate the collaborative creation and sharing of spatial knowledge within community groups. Contrasting these case studies with traditional paper cartography and GIS, as well as the professional online mapping technologies of the Geospatial Web (or GeoWeb), I explore how mashups attempt to represent personal, subjective, overlapping and contradictory perceptions of space and place. While enthusiastic claims about the ability of mashups to wrest mapmaking from state and corporate hands are currently overstated, I conclude that mashups do in fact provide new ways of collaboratively representing space whose implications are still to be determined.

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Paulsen, Adrian. "Mapping Urban Food Security in Delft: A Bottom Up Perspective." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7328.

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Doctor Educationis
Food security is a complicated phenomenon that consists of the intersections of food and people, and the cultures that people create around food. In general, food security research is concerned with how people access food, how reliable that access is, how affordable that food is, and how culturally appropriate that food is. This analysis tends to ignore the complex relationships people have with food and who these people are. Through the mapping of the Delft food system by remote sensing, surveys and interviews I create a food atlas that consists of maps of the spatiality of food but also maps of feelings, anxieties, fears and resilience, all centred around the people of Delft. The results and discussions of this thesis shows that food security is far more complicated than initially thought and that there are multiple avenues of inquiry into the lives of people who are considered food insecure. My research shows that the people of Delft are food insecure but that this label cannot be applied too liberally as food insecurity has different meanings for various residents and it manifests in various ways. I explore this through the creation of three women who represent three different classes of women who live within Delft.

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Day, Laylita. "Geo-Journalism| GIS for Local News Mapping in Los Angeles and Orange Counties." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10784694.

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Geographic Information Science (GIS) has been working its way into various fields from the public to the private sectors. The world of journalism and news media is no exception and as both fields grow, GIS is becoming an important spatial news reporting tool in journalism as a form of data journalism. Thus this thesis examines the usage of GIS by news reporting agencies for creating maps that accompany news stories and/or are used as the news story. Specifically this research examines how smaller, more local-based news organizations, such as the Long Beach Press Telegram and the Orange County Register (with a comparison to the Los Angeles Times) are or are not using GIS-based mapping within their news stories and how they can better improve or integrate GIS-based maps and interactive mapping on the local level of reporting. This could assist in providing better analyses of local spatial patterns for various news stories and give the local readers a better understanding of their community and the issues related to it.

A mixed-methods approach was applied, which involved qualitative and quantitative methods. This included surveys, interviews and data analysis. The survey respondents were college students (news readers), the interviewees were journalists working with GIS and the data analysis involved examining the news stories of all three newspapers. The findings concluded that the smaller, more local papers are in fact using maps and GIS less than the Los Angeles Times and that most survey respondents (readers) would like to see more and better maps in news stories. The interview answers pointed to how the Los Angeles Times has managed to use and expand that usage of GIS and maps through creative solutions and workarounds to help lessen various barriers, such as budget, lack of skilled journalists, GIS software complexity, and time.

As the world of journalism continues to transform and adapt to digital news reporting, local newspapers’ use of GIS-based tools will also need to increase. This will allow them to better engage and inform readers in the future since GIS will possibly become an extremely useful or even vital tool in spatial news reporting.

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Weighman, Kristi Kay. "Mapping dynamic exposure: constructing GIS models of spatiotemporal heterogeneity in artificial stream systems." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1555337508685485.

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Smallbone, Kirsty Louise. "Mapping ambient urban air pollution at the small area scale : a GIS approach." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1998. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/4731/.

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Air pollution is an emotive and complex issue, affecting materials, vegetation growth and human health. Given that over half the world's population live within urban areas and that those areas are often highly polluted, the ability to understand the patterns and magnitude of pollution at the small area (urban environment) level is increasingly important. Recent research has highlighted, in particular, the apparent relationship between traffic-related pollution and respiratory health, while the increasing prevalence of asthma, especially amongst children, has been widely attributed to exposure to traffic-related air pollution. The UK government has reacted to this growing concern by publishing the UK National Air Quality Strategy (DOE 1996) which forces all Local Authorities in England and Wales to review air quality in their area and designate any areas not expected to meet the 2005 air quality standards as Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs), though what constitutes AQMAs and how to define them remains vague. Against this background, there is a growing need to understand the patterns and magnitude of urban air pollution and for improvements in pollution mapping methods. This thesis aims to contribute to this knowledge. The background to air pollution and related research has been examined within the first section of this report. A review of sampling methods was conducted, a sampling strategy devised and a number of surveys conducted to investigate both the spatial nature of air pollution and, more specifically, the dispersion of pollution with varying characteristics (distance to road, vehicle volume, height above ground level etc). The resultant data was analysed and a number of patterns identified. The ability of linear dispersion models to accurately predict air pollution was also considered. A variety of models were examined, ranging from the simplistic (e.g. DMRB) to the more complex (e.g. CALINE4) model. The model best able to predict pollution at specific sites was then used to predict concentrations over the entire urban area which were then compared to actual monitored data. The resultant analysis, indicated that the dispersion model is not a good method for predicting pollution concentrations at the small area level, and therefore an alternative method of mapping was investigated. Using the ARC/INFO geographical information system (GIS) a regression analysis approach was applied to the study area. A number of variables including altitude, landuse type, traffic volume and composition etc, were examined and their ability to predict air pollution tested using data on nitrogen dioxide from intensive field surveys. The study area was then transformed into a grid of 10m2, regression analysis was performed on each individual square and the results mapped. The monitored data was then intersected with the resultant map and monitored and modeled concentrations compared. Results of the analysis indicated that the regression analysis could explain up to 61 per cent of the variation in nitrogen dioxide concentrations and thus performed significantly better than the dispersion model method. The ease of application and transferability of the regression method means it has a wide range of applied and academic uses that are discussed in the final section.

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Ranatunga, Thushara D. "Development of a GIS and Remote Sensing Based Study Tool for Tree Identification." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1227241623.

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Oller, Adam. "Automatic Mapping of Off-road Trails and Paths at Fort Riley Installation, Kansas." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/820.

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The U.S. Army manages thousands of sites that cover millions of acres of land for various military training purposes and activities and often faces a great challenge on how to optimize the use of resources. A typical example is that the training activities often lead to off-road vehicle trails and paths and how to use the trails and paths in terms of minimizing maintenance cost becomes a problem. Being able to accurately extract and map the trails and paths is critical in advancing the U.S. Army's sustainability practices. The primary objective of this study is to develop a method geared specifically toward the military's needs of identifying and updating the off-road vehicle trails and paths for both environmental and economic purposes. The approach was developed using a well-known template matching program, called Feature Analyst, to analyze and extract the relevant trails and paths from Fort Riley's designated training areas. A 0.5 meter resolution false color infrared orthophoto with various spectral transformations/enhancements were used to extract the trails and paths. The optimal feature parameters for the highest accuracy of detecting the trails and paths were also investigated. A modified Heidke skill score was used for accuracy assessment of the outputs in comparison to the observed. The results showed the method was very promising, compared to traditional visual interpretation and hand digitizing. Moreover, suggested methods for extracting the trails and paths using remotely sensed images, including image spatial and spectral resolution, image transformations and enhancements, and kernel size, was obtained. In addition, the complexity of the trails and paths and the discussion on how to improve their extraction in the future were given.

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Ran, Limei. "Single digital-photo correction for a GIS application and error analysis." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09192009-040308/.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mapping (GIS)'

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