Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Maps of incidence'

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Weeds can negatively affect the quantity and quality on orchards fruit yield. They usually occur in clusters in a given area, not evenly distributed throughout the entire field. Thus, the site-specific application of herbicides makes possible the use of control methods, decreasing the entire cost. In this work, both spatial and temporal variability of broad-leafed and narrow-leafed weeds were evaluated in an orchard of pear trees, using tools of precision agriculture. The experimental area has 1.24 ha, cultivated with 146 pear trees (variety ―Pêra D água‖), located in Nova Laranjeiras, Paraná State, Brazil. The orchard s productivity was through two distinct harvests, given the different reaping point of its fruits. Eighteen pear trees were selected as reference for the four samplings of broad-leafed and narrow-leafed weeds populations, performed per tree, using a 0.5 m x 0.5 m (0.25 m2) wooden frame. Data collected were then used to elaborate maps of mean incidence from both types of weeds. The methodology used was efficient to quantify both types of weeds, since it allows to build maps of the spatial and temporal incidence of both types of plants (broad and narrow). Pear yield showed little correlation with weed incidence. The weeds showed spatial and temporal dependence and such dependence was different due to the leaf type (broad or narrow) and of the position (under the tree canopy or between lines). The western region showed the highest incidence of weeds in the experimental area.
As plantas daninhas podem afetar negativamente a quantidade e a qualidade da produção de frutíferas. Normalmente ocorrem em agrupamentos em uma determinada área, não se distribuindo regularmente. Assim, a definição de unidades de manejo para controle de plantas daninhas viabiliza a aplicação de métodos de controle, diminuindo os custos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade espacial e temporal das plantas daninhas de folhas largas e estreitas, em um pomar de pereiras, visando definir unidades de manejo. A área experimental tem 1,24 ha, cultivada com 146 pereiras da variedade ―Pêra D'água‖, fica no município de Nova Laranjeiras, Paraná, Brasil. A produtividade do pomar foi obtida em duas colheitas distintas em função da maturação diferenciada dos frutos. Foram selecionadas dezoito árvores de pêra como referência para os quatro períodos de amostragens da população de plantas daninhas de folhas largas e estreitas, utilizando-se um quadro de madeira de 0,5 m x 0,5 m (0,25 m2). Os dados levantados foram usados então para elaborar mapas de incidência de ambos os tipos de plantas daninhas. A metodologia adotada para quantificação das plantas daninhas foi considerada eficiente, pois permitiu que se construísse mapas da incidência espacial e temporal de ambos os tipos de plantas (largas e estreitas). A produtividade de pêra apresentou fraca correlação linear com a incidência de plantas daninhas. As plantas daninhas apresentaram dependência espacial e temporal e esta dependência foi diferente em função do tipo de folha (larga ou estreita) e da posição (copa - linha de plantio ou nas entre-linhas). A região oeste apresentou a maior incidência de plantas daninhas na área experimental.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação, Florianópolis, 2013.
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É crescente o número de ferramentas Web que adotam crowdsourcing, via anotações colaborativas em mapas, como modelo de resolução de problemas e produção de dados. Nestas iniciativas, grandes grupos de usuários podem anotar, colaborativamente, coisas espaciais em um mapa, como lugares e/ou incidentes relacionados à segurança, saúde e transporte. Idealmente, estas iniciativas deveriam produzir dados abertos interligados (LOD - Linked Open Data), de forma a permitir que as pessoas ou sistemas possam compartilhar as anotações e o conhecimento gerado na forma de dados estruturados e, consequentemente, melhorar o mapeamento e a resolução de incidentes. Este trabalho propõe uma abordagem de produção de anotações abertas e semânticas de incidentes em mapas. Nesta abordagem, as anotações são representadas usando o modelo de dados proposto pelo W3C Open Annotation e adota como alvo das anotações coordenadas geoespaciais referenciadas por meio do URI geo. Além disso, foram combinadas às anotações em mapas Web tecnologias da Web Semântica, com o intuito de enriquecer os mapas com informações semânticas. Para demonstrar a viabilidade da abordagem proposta, são desenvolvidos dois protótipos que utilizam a abordagem proposta, de forma a permitir a representação aberta e semântica de anotações, associadas a coordenadas geoespaciais.

Abstract : There is an increasing number of initiatives using Web-based mapping systems that rely on crowdsourcing as a collaborative problem-solving and data production model. In these initiatives, large groups of users can collaboratively annotate spatial things on a map, such as places or incidents related to security, health and transportation. Ideally, these crowdsourcing initiatives should produce Linked Open Data (LOD) to enable people or systems to share the annotations and the generated knowledge as structured data and, consequently, improve mapping and resolution of incidents. This work presents an approach for producing open and semantic annotations of incidents on maps. In this approach, annotations are represented using the W3C Open Annotation data model and adopts geospatial coordinates referenced using the geo URI as the annotation target. Moreover, it is combined some semantic Web technologies with crowdsourced map annotations, in a way that it enriches maps with semantic information. To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach,two prototypes using the proposed approach are developed, in order to allow the open and semantic representation of annotations associated with geospatial coordinates.

La thèse analyse l'incidence de l'intégration des marches sur la stabilisation des prix de produits primaires. La démarche inductive menée en s'appuyant sur le marché du mais en Afrique australe montre que l'interprétation standard est peu pertinente : le libre-échange n'est pas ou peu stabilisateur. De plus, même lorsqu'il soulève la question des sources endogènes d'instabilité et des anticipations, le modèle de concurrence pure bute sur la question du changement institutionnel lors de l'ouverture des frontières. A partir d'une analyse filière et d'une formalisation théorique, elle montre à l'inverse l'intérêt d'une approche en termes d'organisation : la régionalisation des firmes industrielles affecte la stabilité des prix en modifiant les jeux de pouvoirs (généralisation d'un oligopole, relations de complémentarité et de conflit entre circuits industriels et informels) et les modes de coordination (contrats, internalisation).

[EN] The solar power has been and continues being the original and primary source of energy. With the exception of some sources of energy such us the nuclear one, or the tidal one, the rest of sources of energy come directly or indirectly of the Sun. The utilization of a source of energy supposes the exploitation of a natural resource, this utilization can have negative implications for the environment. The European Union has led the international effort to control the causative factors of the climate change, trying to identify profitable measures that could reduce the emission. Objectives: The objective of this PhD thesis is to develop a graphical procedure to allow assessment of the impact of solar radiation on surfaces. To do so a three-dimensional geometry model under consideration and the surrounding environment will be used. Since result there will be obtained the values of radiation owed to the direct component and due to the diffuse component, distinguished for every point of the model. For the obtaining of the values the procedure bears the meteorology of the zone in mind, the shades produced by the environment on the model and the produced by the model on itself. The graphical results will be stored as bitmap images in grayscale, there being established for every value of grey a value of received radiation. Defined an environment with a geographical certain orientation and position, the methodology will allow to evaluate the incidental radiation, for a concrete period, on every point of the surfaces of the model. Methodology: - Validation of graphical methods. This block has divided in four sections. In the first sections there is defined the methodology of work applied in the rest of them. The second section, one proposes a methodology for the calculation of the solar incident angle. In other two sections there appear and validate the models of estimation of the direct and diffuse radiation. Obtaining a correlation between the values of grey assigned to a surface and the component of the radiation got for the same one, either direct or diffuse. - Procedure of accumulation of maps. In this block, the concepts of irradiance map and irradiation map are defined, beside specifying how they are generated from the meteorological information and the images obtained of the model. It also presents the methodology to add maps allowing the accumulation of values for periods superior to an hour. There has been defined a method that, starting from a irradiation map, allows to know the average irradiation got for a surface represented by an area of the same one. In another paragraph there define the energies map, the cosines map and the function Energy that allows to know the energy that receive the surfaces represented in the area selected of the map. - Methods for comparing maps. Useful for the analysis of results. - Implementation One possible implementation of the proposed methodology is presented, presenting the tools chosen. For part of the accumulation maps it has been chosen to develop our own application. - Example of use. Practical example that the implementation of the developed methodology is used. Results and discussions: In this paragraph there appear three cases of study on which the implementation of the methodology will be applied obtaining the results. The choice of the cases is not chance, and has been realized attending to different criteria. Different geographical zones have been chosen, having different latitudes. It has been tried that the studied geometries were guarding certain similarities in order to be able to compare results.
[ES] La energía solar ha sido y continúa siendo la fuente original y primaria de energía. A excepción de algunas fuentes de energía como pueden ser la nuclear, o la mareomotriz, el resto de fuentes de energía provienen directa o indirectamente del sol. La utilización de una fuente de energía supone la explotación de un recurso natural, este aprovechamiento puede tener implicaciones negativas para el medio ambiente. La Unión Europea ha liderado el esfuerzo internacional para controlar los factores causantes del cambio climático, tratando de identificar medidas rentables que puedan reducir las emisiones. Objetivos: El objeto de la presente Tesis Doctoral es desarrollar un procedimiento gráfico que permita la evaluación de la incidencia de la radiación solar sobre las superficies. Para ello se utilizará un modelo tridimensional tanto de la geometría objeto de estudio como del entorno que la rodea. Como resultado se obtendrán los valores de radiación debidos a la componente directa y los debidos a la componente difusa, particularizados para cada punto del modelo. Para la obtención de los valores el procedimiento tiene en cuenta la meteorología de la zona las sombras producidas por el entorno sobre el modelo y las producidas por el modelo sobre sí mismo. Los resultados gráficos serán almacenados en forma de imágenes de mapa de bits en escala de grises, estableciéndose para cada valor de gris un valor de radiación recibida. Definido un entorno con una orientación y posición geográficas determinadas, la metodología permitirá evaluar la radiación incidente, para un periodo concreto, sobre cada punto de las superficies del modelo. Metodología: - Validación de métodos gráficos. Este bloque se ha dividido en cuatro apartados. En el primer apartado se define la metodología de trabajo aplicada en el resto de ellos. En el segundo apartado, se propone una metodología para el cálculo del ángulo de la incidencia solar. En los otros dos apartados se plantean y validan los modelos de estimación de la radiación directa y difusa. Obteniendo una correlación entre los valores de gris asignados a una superficie y la componente de la radiación recibida por la misma, bien sea directa o difusa. - Procedimiento de acumulación de mapas. En este bloque se definen los conceptos de mapa de irradiancias y de mapa de irradiación, además de especificar cómo se generan a partir de los datos meteorológicos y las imágenes obtenidas del modelo. También se presenta la metodología para sumar mapas permitiendo la acumulación de valores para periodos superiores a una hora. Se ha definido un método que, partiendo de un mapa de irradiaciones, permite conocer la irradiación media recibida por una superficie representada por un área del mismo. En otro apartado se definen el mapa de energías, el mapa de cosenos y la función Energía que permite conocer la energía que reciben las superficies representadas en el área seleccionada del mapa. - Métodos para la comparación de mapas. Útiles para el análisis de resultados. - Implementación Se presenta una posible implementación de la metodología propuesta, presentando las herramientas informáticas elegidas. Para la parte de la acumulación de mapas se ha optado por desarrollar una aplicación propia. - Ejemplo de utilización. Ejemplo práctico en que se utiliza la implementación de la metodología desarrollada. Resultados y discusiones: En este apartado se plantean tres casos de estudio sobre los que se aplicará la implementación de la metodología obteniendo los resultados. La elección de los casos no es casual, y se ha realizado atendiendo a diferentes criterios. Se han elegido diferentes zonas geográficas, disponiendo de diferentes latitudes. Se ha tratado que las geometrías estudiadas guardaran ciertas similitudes a fin de poder comparar resultados.
[CAT] L'energia solar ha sigut i continua sent la font original i primària d'energia. A excepció d'algunes fonts d'energia com poden ser la nuclear, o la mareomotriu, la resta de fonts d'energia provenen directament o indirectament del sol. La utilització d'una font d'energia suposa l'explotació d'un recurs natural, aquest aprofitament pot tenir implicacions negatives per al medi ambient. La Unió Europea ha liderat l'esforç internacional per controlar els factors causants del canvi climàtic, tractant d'identificar mesures rendibles que puguen reduir les emissions. Objectius: L'objecte de la present Tesi Doctoral és desenvolupar un procediment gràfic que permeta l'avaluació de la incidència de la radiació solar sobre les superfícies. Per a això s'utilitzarà un model tridimensional tant de la geometria objecte d'estudi com de l'entorn que l'envolta. Com a resultat s'obtindran els valors de radiació deguts a la component directa i els deguts a la component difusa, particularitzats per a cada punt del model. Per a l'obtenció dels valors el procediment té en compte la meteorologia de la zona les ombres produïdes per l'entorn sobre el model i les produïdes pel model sobre si mateix. Els resultats gràfics seran emmagatzemats en forma d'imatges de mapa de bits en escala de grisos, establint-se per a cada valor de gris un valor de radiació rebuda. Definit un entorn amb una orientació i posició geogràfiques determinades, la metodologia permetrà avaluar la radiació incident, per a un període concret, sobre cada punt de les superfícies del model. Metodologia: - Validació de mètodes gràfics. Aquest bloc s'ha dividit en quatre apartats. Al primer apartat es defineix la metodologia de treball aplicada en la resta d'ells. En el segon apartat, es proposa una metodologia per al càlcul de l'angle de la incidència solar. En els altres dos apartats es plantegen i validen els models d'estimació de la radiació directa i difusa. Obtenint una correlació entre els valors de gris assignats a una superfície i la component de la radiació rebuda per la mateixa, bé siga directa o difusa. - Procediment d'acumulació de mapes. En aquest bloc es defineixen els conceptes de mapa d'irradiàncies i de mapa d'irradiació, a més d'especificar com es generen a partir de les dades meteorològiques i les imatges obtingudes del model. També es presenta la metodologia per sumar mapes permetent l'acumulació de valors per a períodes superiors a una hora. S'ha definit un mètode que, partint d'un mapa d'irradiacions, permet conéixer la irradiació mitjana rebuda per una superfície representada per una àrea del mateix. A un altre apartat es defineixen el mapa d'energies, el mapa de cosinus i la funció Energia que permet conéixer l'energia que reben les superfícies representades a l'àrea seleccionada del mapa. - Mètodes per a la comparació de mapes. Útils per a l'anàlisi de resultats. - Implementació. Es presenta una possible implementació de la metodologia proposada, presentant les eines informàtiques triades i la configuració utilitzada en les mateixes. Per a la part de l'acumulació de mapes s'ha optat per desenvolupar una aplicació pròpia. - Exemple d'utilització. Exemple pràctic en què s'utilitza la implementació de la metodologia desenvolupada. Resultats i discussions: En aquest apartat es plantegen tres casos d'estudi sobre els quals s'aplicarà la implementació de la metodologia obtenint els resultats. L'elecció dels casos no és casual, i s'ha realitzat atenent a diferents criteris. S'han triat diferents zones geogràfiques, disposant de diferents latituds. S'ha tractat que les geometries estudiades guardaren certes similituds a fi de poder comparar resultats.
Ferrer Ferrer, J. (2016). Metodologías gráficas para la estimación de la incidencia de la Radiación Solar sobre superficies [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/61973
TESIS

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Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is considered a neglected disease and has expanded and urbanized. The objectives of this study were to describe the demographic characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis; Assess the incidence rate; Describe the mortality rate and mortality and correlate average annual temperature and mean annual rainfall with the incidence rate. It is a descriptive, retrospective, ecological epidemiological study of the use of secondary data for the period 2007-2012 developed in the two most populous urban centers in the State of Tocantins, obtained from the Information Resulting System Notification and Secretary of State Tocantins Health. The average temperature in degrees Celsius and rainfall in millimeters were provided by the National Institute of Meteorology. It was adopted as a criterion for inclusion municipalities with a population in excess of 100,000 in this case Palmas and Araguaína. 358 reports of confirmed cases of VL in those over 15 years of age were analyzed. The highest incidence of the disease occurred among people of Masculine sex (70.7 %%), residing in urban areas (99.03%), and the brown race the most affected (85.5%). The age group with the highest incidence was between twenty to thirty-four years (40.2%). There was a significant difference (p <0.05) between variables. The most widely used diagnostic criterion was the Lab (98.3%). The highest incidence rate occurred in 2008, followed by a significant downward trend in cases (p <0.001). The greatest mortality and lethality coefficients occurred in 2008 and 2010. The clinical course for healing occurred in most patients (90.2%). The percentage of co-infected with HIV observed in this study was 4.5%. The weather conditions did not influence the epidemiology of the disease. It is concluded that LV is a disease with urban characteristics, endemic, with a predominance of males and records of people who are in an economically active age group with high incidence rate, when compared to other studies. The association was not significant between the average rainfall and the incidence rate, as well as between temperature and the incidence rate.
A leishmaniose Visceral (LV) é considerada uma doença negligenciada e tem se expandido e urbanizado. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: Descrever as características demográficas da Leishmaniose visceral; Avaliar o coeficiente de incidência; Descrever o coeficiente de mortalidade e letalidade e correlacionar temperatura anual média e pluviosidade anual média com o coeficiente de incidência. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, retrospectivo, ecológico com a utilização de dados secundários referentes ao período de 2007 a 2012 desenvolvido no dois centros urbanos mais populosos do Estado do Tocantins, obtidos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação e Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Tocantins. As médias de temperatura em graus Celsius e de precipitação pluviométrica em milímetros foram fornecidas pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Foi adotado como critério de inclusão municípios com população acima de 100.000 habitantes, neste caso, Palmas e Araguaína. Foram analisados 358 notificações de casos confirmados de LV em maiores de 15 anos de idade. A maior incidência da doença ocorreu entre pessoas do sexo masculino (70,7%%), residentes na zona urbana (99,03%), sendo a raça parda a mais acometida (85,5%). A faixa etária com maior incidência foi entre vinte a trinta e quatro anos (40,2%). Houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre as variáveis estudadas. O Critério diagnóstico mais usado foi o Laboratorial (98,3%). O maior coeficiente de incidência ocorreu em 2008, seguido de uma tendência significativa de diminuição dos casos (p< 0,001). Os maiores coeficientes de mortalidade e letalidade ocorreram nos anos de 2008 e 2010. A evolução clínica para a cura ocorreu na maioria dos pacientes (90,2%). O percentual de coinfectados com o HIV observados nesse estudo foi de 4,5%. A condição climática não influenciou na epidemiologia da doença. Conclui-se que a LV é uma doença com características urbana, endêmica, com predileção pelo sexo masculino e com registros de pessoas que encontram-se numa faixa etária economicamente ativa e com alto coeficiente de incidência, quando comparado a outros estudos. A associação não foi significativa entre a precipitação pluviométrica média e o coeficiente de incidência, assim como entre temperatura e o coeficiente de incidência.

The present study examined the relationship between coping and psychological and psychosomatic distress of 25 individuals who experienced the same severe, acute traumatic event: the violent shooting that killed 23 people and severely injured 20 more in Luby's Cafeteria in Killeen, Texas, on October 16, 1991. Distress was assessed by one-month pre-event and post-event scores on the SCL-90R, Psychosomatic Questionnaire, and by a Life Event Questionnaire score for the year before the incident. Coping was measured by a modified version of the Ways of Coping Scale (Folkman et al., 1986) and Response Style Questionnaire (Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991). All post-event distress scores, except the Psychosomatic score, significantly increased over their corresponding pre-event scores regardless of gender. Although female distress scores were consistently higher than male scores, gender was predictive of post-event distress only for the SCL-90R Anxiety, Somatization, and Global Severity Index scales. The only pre-event score found to be predictive of post-event distress was the Psychosomatic scale. Regression analysis, with demographic and pre-event variables controlled, found a significant positive relationship between Escape/Avoidance coping and one-month post-event levels of Anxiety and Psychosomatic distress. Findings were discussed in the context of the process-oriented stress-illness model and were compared to current disaster and crime victimization literature. Implications for helping professionals, methodological issues, and implications for future research were explored.

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En la presente investigación se estudia la producción social de espacios en la Región de Aysén desde una perspectiva cartográfica, durante el periodo que abarca desde el siglo XIX hasta el presente. La finalidad de este estudio es indagar si los mapas, en distintos periodos del tiempo, han influido de alguna forma en la producción social de espacios de esta región. Metodológicamente, este trabajo responde principalmente a una investigación de carácter cualitativa, la cual se desarrolló mediante un análisis de mapas desde un enfoque hermenéutico y un análisis contextual-descriptivo de estos de acuerdo a los períodos definidos en la investigación, con la finalidad de identificar y definir discursos cartográficos e imaginarios geográficos. Respecto a los resultados obtenidos, estos han permitido establecer que los mapas pueden y han sido utilizados como estrategias de producción social de espacios cuando han sido elaborados con la finalidad de instaurar una mirada o perspectiva determinada del territorio. Por lo que a partir del análisis interpretativo de mapas se ha logrado revelar una nueva forma de entender los procesos constitutivos de los espacios, permitiendo al mismo tiempo entender, proponer, reafirmar y complementar ciertas percepciones y discursos sobre el territorio de Patagonia-Aysén.
In the present investigation the social production of spaces in the Region of Aysén and Patagonia is studied from a cartographic perspective, during the period from the 19th century to the present. The purpose of this study is to investigate if the cartographic production, in different periods of time, has influenced in some way the conformation of the social space of Patagonia-Aysén. For its realization, a qualitative methodology was used, which consists in the analysis of maps from a hermeneutic approach and a contextual-descriptive analysis in relation to the periods defined in the investigation, with the purpose of identifying and defining cartographic discourses and geographical imaginaries. Regarding the results obtained, these have allowed to establish that the maps can and have been used as strategies of social production of spaces when they have been elaborated with the purpose of establishing a perspective or determined perspective of the territory. So from the interpretative analysis of maps it has been possible to reveal a new way of understanding the constitutive processes of the spaces, allowing at the same time to understand, propose, reaffirm and complement certain perceptions and discourses about the Patagonia-Aysén territory.

This study examines the social-psychological impact of of the Manson incident; which begins with the Tate-Labianca murders, continues with the arrest of Charles Manson and some of his followers, continues with the trial of Charles Manson and the co-defendants, and results in a popular image.

Prostate cancer is a large and increasing medical problem both in Sweden and in the rest of the developed world, with about 300.000 new cases diagnosed world wide annually. Despite the high incidence of this disease, little is known about the aetiology of prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to try to understand more about the natural history and to find possible a etiological risk factors for this tumour. In a population based study of prostate cancer cases in northern Sweden it was found that the large increase in prostate cancer during the last two decades was mainly caused by well (Gl) and moderately (G2) differentiated tumours. However, the incidence of poorly differentiated (G3) tumours remained unchanged. The introduction of new diagnostic methods is the most plausible explanation for the increase of these low grade tumours. The relative survival in prostate cancer was found to be independent of patient age at diagnosis, indicating that tumour proliferation and the aggressiveness of this disease is equal in all ages. However, due to the increasing occurrence of concurrent diseases with growing age the number of lost years caused by prostate cancer decreases dramatically in older age groups. The overall cause specific mortality for prostate cancer was found to be around 50%. In accordance with most other cancer tumours, the annual mortality rate decreased with longer survival also for prostate cancer patients. In a study from the Swedish Twin Register it was found that the proband concordance rates for prostate cancer were 4,5 time greater among monozygotic compared to dizygotic twins. In a large nation-wide cohort study of men who had a father with prostate cancer, the overall standardised incidence ratio (SIR) was 1.70 for prostate cancer. Younger age at diagnosis among the fathers were associated with an increased risk among sons. This cohort study and the twin study indicates that both inherited and familial factors are of importance in a subgroup of prostate cancer patients. In a prospective case-control study, both a high body mass index (BMI) and a high food intake were found to be independent risk factors for prostate cancer. Both BMI and a high food intake might be indicators of a high fat diet, which so far is the most consistent exogenous risk factor for prostate cancer. The use of tobacco or alcoholic beverages were not associated with prostate cancer risk.

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Traumatic haemorrhage is a leading preventable cause of critical mortality in mass casualty events (MCEs). Treatment requires the rapid provision of high volumes of packed red blood cells (PRBC) to meet the surge in casualty demand these events generate. The increasing frequency of MCEs coupled with the threat of more violent mechanisms risks overwhelming hospital based transfusion systems. The overall objective of this research was to improve understanding of blood use in MCEs using a mathematical modelling approach. A computerised discrete event simulation model was designed, developed and validated using civilian and military transfusion databases, a review of historical MCEs and discussion with experts involved in all aspects of in-hospital MCE PRBC provision. The model was experimented with across increasing casualty loads to optimise event outcomes under varied conditions of: stock availability, laboratory processing procedures and individual PRBC supply. The model indicated even in events of limited size the standard on-shelf PRBC stock level was insufficient to adequately meet demand amongst bleeding casualties. Restocking during an event allowed for equivocal treatment results if performed early following an event and this would be most effective if activated by central suppliers. Modifications to transfusion laboratory processing procedures were found to be of limited benefit in improving outcomes due to the principally automated nature of the techniques they employ. Conversely, the use of restricting excessive individual provision of both overall PRBC and emergency type O PRBC to individual casualties did show potential for managing scenarios where only a finite supply of stock existed or an accurate estimation of expected casualties was available.

La pomme (Malus Domestica Borkh.), fruit largement répandu dans les pays tempérés est beaucoup consommée. Elle représente une source importante en composés phénoliques. Cette étude s’est intéressée aux polyphénols des tissus du parenchyme. La problématique s’oriente sur les effets de la texture sur la diffusion de ces molécules. L’originalité de l’approche repose sur l’association de la texture, de la pression osmotique et la diffusion des polyphénols. Les méthodes de caractérisations physiques et biochimiques ont permis de mesurer les changements à l´échelle macroscopique et les modifications chimiques qui s’opèrent dans les matrices végétales. Les résultats de l’étude du transfert de matière ont permis de mettre en évidence les différents facteurs pouvant influer sur les valeurs des coefficients de diffusion. La texture, l’épaisseur, la variété du fruit et la pression du milieu diffusant, constituent des facteurs pouvant influencer le transfert de matière. L’étude de l’évolution de composant de la paroi a montré des changements qui s’opèrent au cours de la diffusion. Des analyses microscopiques ont relevé les modifications à l’échelle cellulaire de la diffusion de procyanidines, polyphénols majoritaires et des interactions avec les composants pariétaux
Apple (Malus domestica Borkh. ) fruit widespread in temperate countries, is much consumed.It represents an important source of phenolic compounds. This study was interestedin polyphenol content of apple tissue parenchyma. The problem concerns effects of texturedegradation on the diffusion of polyphenols molecules. The originality of the approach isbased on the combination of texture, osmotic pressure and polyphenol leaching. Physicaland biochemical methods were used to measure changes at macroscopic scale and chemicalchanges occurring in the parenchymateous tissue . The study of mass transfer highlightedvarious factors that may affect apparent coefficient diffusion. The result showed that thedisintegration of texture , thickness, apple variety and osmotic pressure of leaching mediacan influence mass transfer yield. The study of the Cell walls components showed changesthat occur during leaching process. Light microscopic analysis revealed changes at cellularscale, procyanidins the major polyphenols, leaching phenomena and also interactionswith cell walls matrix

The purpose of this study was to explore how three international cruise lines restored their reputation after the 2002 Norwalk virus incidents. The research was conducted as a case study using semi-structured interviews. Six individuals were interviewed. These included public relations representatives for three international cruise lines, the Center for Disease Control, a ship's Internet Manager and a ship's Cruise Director. All interviews were taped, subsequently transcribed, and analyzed for content and themes. Quotes were examined in terms of content and grouped according to similarity of themes. The results revealed five categories. These included How Public Relations Differs on Land vs. at Sea, The Main Objective During a Public Relations Crisis, The Extent to Which the Situation was Handled, Terrorism and Whether the Cruise Lines were Treated Fairly. Similarities existed between the groups of respondents. Specifically, the public relations representatives responded similarly to questions relating to the main objective during a crisis and whether the cruise lines were treated fairly. Additionally, the respondents differed in their views of public relations on land vs. at sea. The goal of this project was to look at the reputation management of international cruise lines since the 2002 Norwalk-like virus outbreaks. The research was intended to address the perspective held by the public relations departments within each studied organization. In conclusion, analysis suggests there was an agreement among the subjects researched regarding the effect this public relations crisis has had on the industry. Conflicting views existed among the subjects in question regarding public relations on land vs. at sea. Communicating to the public and the media honestly, accurately, and in a timely manner were found to be essential aspects in managing the reputation of international cruise lines following an industry crisis.

The purpose of this paper is to explore whether there is an absolute right to freedom of expression with regard to hate speech, and more specifically, whether tolerance should be exercised toward speech even in circumstances where this speech presents a clear and present danger to the public. The author will use legal research methods to analyze this question. The paper will delve into four major Supreme Court cases in the case of hate speech, as well as the decision by the Virginia Court that allowed the rally in Charlottesville which ended with the death of 32-year old woman. The aim is to determine how the Supreme Court has looked at hateful expression over the years and the status of hate speech in America today. The four major cases are Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969), National Socialist Party of America v. Village of Skokie (1977), R.A.V v. City of St. Paul (1992), and Virginia v. Black (2003). Although the case of Kessler v. Charlottesville (2017) is not a Supreme Court case, its significance in relation to the right to freedom of expression is no less than those precedent four cases. This incident and related legal cases bring the concerns about hate speech and the constitutional right to freedom of expression directly into the public discourse.

Despite their almost aberrational rarity, rampage school shootings have gained national attention to an extent that would make it seem that such events are a common occurrence. Many schools—along with hospitals, businesses, and other institutions—have adopted policies, implemented training, and conducted drills for responding to such incidents. In some cases, concern over school rampage shootings has led to bad policy implementations, particularly adoption of “zero tolerance” policies that punish the slightest infractions in hopes of thwarting potential attackers, but, rather than achieving their intended goal, result in massive false positive rates with few, if any, successes and a potential for fostering violence rather than abating it. For their part, law enforcement trainers and administrators have been caught in the rampage school shooter turmoil to such an extent that, starting with the aftermath of the 1999 Columbine High School massacre, significant paradigm shifts in policing methodology have taken effect. In order to promote more informed policy-making and training decisions by law enforcement managers, this dissertation seeks to determine through empirical study of the crime scene behaviors of rampage school shooters the extent to which law enforcement planning and training can be informed by the study of prior incidents. Policy, training protocols, and institutional response plans have been shaped, in many cases, by a world of perception rather than reason and sound empirical evidence. This research seeks to bring clarity to the decision-making processes and provide sound empirical evidence on which to base those decisions and develop strategies for on-site protocols to help mitigate casualties, establish police response protocols, and develop post-incident investigative models.

In an event of a radiological dispersion device (RDD) detonated by terrorists in a high population density area, the hospitals and other medical facilities will be overwhelmed by people who may or may not have been contaminated by radioactivity. Under such circumstances, it would be desirable to identify people who have inhaled radioactive particles and direct them immediately for further treatment. A portable 3 by 3 NaI detector, which is widely available at most universities, was studied as a tool to identify and calculate the activity of unknown radioisotopes for such an RDD event.

För att kunna erbjuda god och lättillgänglig hälso- och sjukvård vid stora olyckor och katastrofer krävs en katastrofberedskap grundad på planläggning, utbildning och övning. Sjukvårdens särskilda beredskap måste kunna hantera såväl den "lilla vardagsolyckan" som den stora olyckan eller katastrofen. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur enhetschefer och distriktssköterskor vid primärvården i två kommuner i Jämtlands län upplevde sig förberedda inför en katastrof eller en stor olycka där utryckning krävdes utanför vårdinrättningar till olycksplats. Syftet var även att undersöka hur katastrofberedskap prioriteras av enhetschefer. En intervjustudie har genomförts med tre enhetschefer och fem distriktssköterskor. Intervjuerna har analyserats med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Utifrån analysen skapades två kategorier: ”känsla av säkerhet” och ”organisation” samt fyra underkategorier ”beredskap”, ”prioritet”, ”förmåga” och ”kunskap”. Huvudfyndet var att samtliga intervjudeltagare önskade ha övningar för att känna sig mer förberedd vid en stor olycka. I dagsläget övades det inte alls på katastrofberedskap.

In order to provide good and accessible healthcare in case of emergencies and disasters, an emergency plan based on planning, training and practice is required. Special care must be prepared to deal with both the ”small everyday accident” but also the major accident and disaster. The purpose of this study was to examine how unit managers and districtnurses in primary care in two municipalities in Jämtland county experience themselves prepared in case of a disaster or a major accident which requires emergency care facilities outside the unit. The aim was also to examine how emergency preparedness is a priority for the unit managers. An interview study has been carried out with three unitmanagers and five districtnurses. The interviews were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Based on the analysis two categories were created: 'feeling of security "and" organization "and four sub-categories of" security "," priority "," ability "and" knowledge ". Major findings was that all the interview participants wished to have exercises to feel more prepared for a major accident. For the time being, no practice in disaster preparedness is carried out.

Dossertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, 2011.
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O câncer bucal é uma das neoplasias malignas mais comuns nas regiões de cabeça e pescoço, responsável por elevada incidência na população e altas taxas de óbito. A exposição aos produtos do fumo e álcool tem sido considerada a maior causa de seu desenvolvimento. Todavia, algumas evidências apontam para o fato de que o Vírus do Papiloma Humano (HPV) possa participar em sua gênese e progressão. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é a investigação da presença de sequências gênicas dos tipos circulantes do HPV em lesões escamosas que ocorrem na cavidade bucal, embasada em estudo clínico e epidemiológico das neoplasias incidentes. Amostras de 26 pacientes atendidos no Serviço de Estomatologia do Hospital Regional da Asa Norte, selecionados por apresentarem lesões clinicamente suspeitas de malignidade, foram biopsiadas com finalidade diagnóstica comparativa. Aplicou-se formulário próprio para a coleta de dados clínicos e epidemiológicos com prévia aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa em Seres Humanos. Os resultados mostraram que dos 26 pacientes estudados, 21 deles (84.61%) tiveram o diagnóstico de carcinoma epidermóide, dos quais 15 apresentaram o de cavidade bucal (71%) e 6, o de orofaringe (29%). Entre os pacientes estudados, predominou o gênero masculino, 69,2%, preponderando a ancestralidade caucásica, 57,7%, seguido de mestiços com 38,5% e de origem negra africana com 3,8%. A faixa etária predominante foi de 60-69 anos com 34,6%, seguida da de 70-79 anos com 19,2%. Dos pacientes da amostra, 80,8% declararam ser tabagistas crônicos e 65,4%, etilistas crônicos. Em nenhum dos 26 pacientes da amostra, detectaram-se sequências gênicas dos tipos mais frequentes de HPV investigados nos tecidos biopsiados através do emprego da hibridação do ácido nucléico do HPV pela técnica da captura híbrida 2 da Qiagen. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The oral cancer is one of the most common malignant neoplasia of head and neck, exhibiting high incidence in the general population, accounting for high rates of death. Exposure to tobacco smoking products and alcohol ingestion have been considered the major cause of oral cancer development. Besides, some scientific reports point out to the possible involvement and co-participation of the Human Papillomavirus in the etiology and progression of oral cancer. The main objective of this research work was to investigate the presence of genic sequences of circulating HPV types in squamous lesions that happen to occur in the oral cavity based on clinical and epidemiological studies of incident neoplasias. Samples of 26 patients attended in the Stomatology Service of the Hospital Regional da Asa Norte, Brasília, were selected as they presented clinical lesions suspected of câncer and had the lesions surgically removed for histopatological and molecular analysis and for diagnostic purposes. Appropriate forms were applied to collect clinical and epidemiological data. In order to investigate the presence of distinct types of HPV in the tissues removed, the HPV DNA virus hybrid capture assay was employed (Qiagen). The results showed that of 26 patients studied, 80.76% (21) had the histopathological diagnostic of carcinoma epidermoid , which 71% in the oral cavity (15) and 29% the oropharynx (06). Of all patients enrolled in the study, male gender predominate, 69,2%, and prevailed the caucasian ancestry, 57,7%, followed by the mixed racial representatives compounding 38,5% and of african ancestry of 3,8%. Relating to the age distribution, the 60-69 years old group predominated accounting for 34,6%, followed by the 70-79 years old group representing 19,2% of them. Chronic tabagists were represented by 80.8% and alcohol chronic consumer by 65.4% of all patients. None of the patients had HPV DNA segment detected by the assay previously mentioned.

A infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana na Amazônia tem-se mostrado como um dos mais recentes desafios para o enfrentamento da epidemia de HIV/aids no Brasil. Estudos epidemiológicos baseados em dados de incidência mostram tendência de crescimento da epidemia na região Norte do país. O Serviço de Assistência Especializada de Santarém é referência em assistência às pessoas com HIV/aids de 25 municípios das mesorregiões do baixo Amazonas e sudoeste do Pará. Os objetivos do presente trabalho consistem em descrever as características sociodemográficas, clínicas e laboratoriais de pessoas vivendo com HIV à admissão nesse serviço de referência, comparando-as entre os períodos: 1999 a 2002(P1), 2003 a 2006(P2) e 2007 a 2010(P3) e analisar as tendências de incidência de aids em Santarém entre 1999 e 2010. As informações referentes às variáveis de interesse foram obtidas em revisão de prontuários. Foram calculados os coeficientes de incidência padronizados a partir dos casos notificados de aids em Santarém, obtidos em bases de dados nacionais e locais. A análise de tendência de incidência foi realizada por modelos de regressão polinomial. A maioria dos 527 sujeitos (62,4%) foi admitida em P3, com 24,1% e 13,5% em P2 e P1, respectivamente. Observou-se aumento significativo da participação de indivíduos não procedentes de Santarém em P3 em comparação a P1. Verificou-se diferença significativa entre os sexos com relação ao motivo de realização da testagem pelo fato do conhecimento da soropositividade do parceiro ter motivado a testagem entre as mulheres em P1 e P2. Enquanto a presença de sinais e sintomas sugestivos de HIV/aids motivou o teste em homens durante todo o período avaliado. Houve redução significativa das medianas de linfócitos T CD4+ à admissão em P3, em relação a P1 e P2. Foram notificados 336 casos novos de aids em Santarém no período de 1999 a 2010. Foi encontrada tendência significativa de crescimento da epidemia em Santarém em ambos os sexos, e nas categorias de exposição ao HIV heterossexual e homo/bissexual no sexo masculino. O crescimento da demanda assistencial no serviço de Santarém, com incremento do número de pacientes procedentes de municípios menores e, admitidos em estadios tardios da infecção, associada à tendência de crescimento de incidência de aids em Santarém no período estudado, sugerem que as intervenções programáticas implementadas na região podem ter contribuído para o reconhecimento de maior número de casos de aids, porém ainda não possibilitaram o diagnóstico mais precoce. Acredita-se que estratégias de vigilância epidemiológica de segunda geração poderiam subsidiar de modo mais eficiente as intervenções programáticas voltadas ao controle da epidemia em uma região caracterizada por apresentar fatores individuais, sociais e programáticos que conferem vulnerabilidade acrescida à infecção pelo HIV.
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus within the Amazon region has been shown as one of the latest challenges confronting the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Brazil. Epidemiological studies based on incidence data show an increasing trend in AIDS incidence in the Brazilian North region. The specialized HIV/AIDS outpatient clinic of Santarém is the reference healthcare setting that provides care for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) from 25 municipalities of the Lower Amazon and southwestern Pará regions. The aims of this study are to describe socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory features of PLHA at time of admission to this reference clinic, comparing them among the following periods: 1999 to 2002 (P1), 2003 and 2006 (P2) and 2007 and 2010 (P3), and to analyze AIDS incidence trends in Santarém between 1999 and 2010. Information about variables of interest was obtained by review of medical records. Standardized AIDS incidence rates were calculated, based on cases reported in Santarém, using data obtained from national and local databases. Incidence trend analysis was performed by polynomial regression. Out of 527 records, 62.4% of patients were admitted to the clinic in P3, 24.1% and 13.5% in P2 and P1, respectively. A significant increase was seen in the participation of individuals from cities other than Santarém in P3, as compared to P1. There was a significant gender difference in the reason to be tested for HIV, as women were more likely to have been tested due to a seropositive partner in P1 and P2, whereas existing signs and symptoms of HIV/AIDS predominated among men as the reason for testing throughout the study period. A significant reduction in median CD4+ cell counts at admission was noticed comparing P3 to P1 and P2. 336 AIDS cases were reported in Santarém from 1999 to 2010. An increasing AIDS incidence trend was found for both genders, and for both heterosexual and homo/bisexual among males. The increasing local demand for HIV/AIDS care, with larger numbers of cases coming from smaller cities and admitted in later stages of HIV infection, taken together with the increasing AIDS incidence trend in Santarém during the study period suggest that even though programmatic interventions may have succeeded in identifying more AIDS cases, they were not able to lead to an earlier diagnosis. We believe that the implementation of second generation surveillance strategies in this region could guide programmatic interventions for the control of the epidemic more efficiently, in a context characterized by individual, social and programmatic factors related to a high vulnerability to HIV infection.

De par ses caracteristiques physiques, la vallee de l'ill en haute alsace est particulierement sensible a la pollution. Dans cette region a vocation industrielle et agricole la contazmination du milieu se traduit par une forte mineralisation de l'eau souterraine et des retombees atmospheriques solubles, diluees mais acides. La composition naturelle: bicarbonatee calcique de l'eau de la nappe phreatique est modifiee par une charge chloro-sodique et nitrique non negligeable. Quant aux retombees, elles provoquent au sol, des apports d'elements mineraux parmis lesquels predominent les chlorures, les sulfates, les nitrates, le calcium, le potassium et le sodium

Abstract Our society relies increasingly on information technology (IT). In such a society, it is important that we, as citizens, trust and are satisfied with services utilizing IT. Unfortunately, IT problems in the use of services are part of our daily lives and, as such, are frequently reported by the mass media. While the information systems (IS) field has studied system and service acceptance, use, threats, and failures, we have found no studies that examine how these IT failures affect the system usage after a failure. This dissertation addresses this gap in research by studying users’ intentions after service degradation related to IT problems and providing a larger view of IT-based incidents in an information society from the viewpoints of the mass media and service providers. In order to do this, a newspaper survey was first conducted to ascertain a concept of the public perception of IT-based problems. Second, qualitative interviews were conducted to reach an understanding of service providers’ viewpoints of IT problems. Third, users’ attitudes and reactions to service degradation were studied through interviews. The main results reveal that most of the IT problems visible to society are the same ones that system and service providers perceive to be the most problematic. Our results suggest that, after service degradation, users are eager to use the service again if they receive relevant information. Compensation alone will not satisfy users when the incident creates unpredictability and uncertainty for them. If the system provider does not inform users directly after the incident, they readily rely on the mass media. Information and knowledge thus play a significant role in incidents. However, there are two service types where we found a different type of user reaction. First, telecommunications and computers seemed to be special cases, with more tolerance of problems in general. Second, the tolerance was low with regard to vital services, i.e., services related to children, health, and safety, for example. Nevertheless, in interviews it was seen that in both types of services the effect of real time and accurate information was influential, often more than any other activities in the failure recovery. The results of this study provide new views of IT-based incidents in an information society, as well as insights for service providers to better recover from service degradation
Tiivistelmä Yhteiskuntamme on rakennettu informaatioteknologian (IT) varaan. Tällaisessa informaatioyhteiskunnassa kansalaisten tulisi voida luottaa käyttämiinsä palveluihin. Palvelujen käyttäjät kohtaavat kuitenkin päivittäin virheitä informaatioteknologiaan pohjautuvissa järjestelmissä. Media uutisoi usein näistä virheistä. Alan kirjallisuus on tutkinut esimerkiksi järjestelmien ja palvelujen vastaanottoa, käyttöä, uhkia ja häiriöitä. Kuitenkaan IT-palvelujen virheiden vaikutuksista järjestelmien käyttöön ei löytynyt kirjallisuutta. Tämä tutkimus pyrkii tältä osin täydentämään kirjallisuutta selvittämällä käyttäjien ajattelutapaa ja aikomuksia palvelun heikentymisen jälkeen, ja tutkimus myös hahmottelee laajemman kuvan informaatioyhteiskunnan IT-ongelmista erityisesti median ja palveluntuottajien näkökulmasta. Ongelmien julkisen kuvan saamiseksi tutkittiin ensin sanomalehtiuutisia IT-ongelmista. Seuraavaksi selvitettiin haastatteluin palveluntuottajien ja järjestelmätoimittajien näkemyksiä IT-ongelmista. Lopuksi tutkittiin vielä palveluiden käyttäjien mielipiteitä ja reaktioita häiriön sattuessa ja sen jälkeen haastattelujen avulla. Päätulokset osoittavat, kuinka yhteiskunnan näkyvimmät IT-ongelmat ovat samoja, joiden kanssa myös järjestelmätoimittajat ja palveluntarjoajat kamppailevat. Lisäksi tutkimustulosten mukaan käyttäjät palaavat herkemmin käyttämään palvelua mikäli he saavat asiaankuuluvaa tietoa tilanteesta. Pelkkä aineellinen korvaus ei riitä silloin kun IT-häiriö luo arvaamattomuutta ja epävarmuutta. Jos palveluntuottaja ei tiedota asiasta häiriön sattuessa, käyttäjät luottavat helposti massamedian tarjontaan. Tiedolla ja tietämyksellä on merkittävä rooli ongelmatilanteissa. Tutkimuksessa löytyi kuitenkin kaksi palvelutyyppiä, joissa käyttäjien käytös oli erilaista. Ensinnäkin tietoliikenteen ja tietokoneiden suhteen käyttäjät olivat pitkämielisiä virheiden sattuessa. Toiseksi taas elintärkeät palvelut, esimerkiksi terveyteen, lapsiin ja turvallisuuteen liittyvät, olivat palveluja joissa virheitä ei juurikaan siedetty. Kuitenkin myös näissä palvelutilanteissa tiedottamisella oli merkittävä rooli, usein jopa merkittävämpi kuin muilla toimilla palvelun korjaamisessa. Tutkimuksen tulokset tarjoavat uusia näkökulmia IT-pohjaisista häiriöistä informaatioyhteiskunnassa ja näkemyksiä palveluntarjoajille häiriöistä toipumiseen

The overall aims of our studies were to identify risk factors for respiratory symptoms and asthma in indoor environment but even to look at some personal risk factors such as body mass index and gastroesophageal reflux. The study population is based on participants of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey I and II.

In the first study, water damage and visible moulds were reported in 7.4% and 17% of the homes respectively. The combination of water damage and visible moulds was independently associated with attacks of breathlessness when resting and after activity and also to long term cough. In the second study, the prevalence of nocturnal GER increased with higher BMI and the same pattern could be seen for habitual snoring. Reported onset of asthma, wheeze and night-time symptoms increased in prevalence along with the BMI gradient. In the multivariable analysis, obesity and nocturnal GER were independent risk factors for onset of asthma, wheeze and night-time symptoms. Habitual snoring was an independent risk factor for onset of wheeze and night-time symptoms, but not for onset of asthma. In the third study, a total of 18% of the subjects reported indoor dampness in the last 12 months and 27% of the subjects reported indoor dampness since the previous survey. Respiratory symptoms and asthma were significantly more prevalent in individuals exposed to indoor dampness and indoor dampness was a risk factor for respiratory symptoms and asthma after adjusting for possible confounders. Indoor dampness was an independent risk factor for onset of respiratory symptoms but not for asthma onset. Remission of respiratory symptoms was less likely to occur if subjects reported indoor dampness. In the fourth study, the lowest prevalence of atopy and the lowest levels of all indoor allergens, bacteria and moulds were found in Iceland. A positive association was found, between cat allergen exposure and asthma symptoms and between bronchial hyperresponsiveness and the amount of viable mould in indoor air.

Thesis (Ph.D. in Epidemiology) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2007.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-109). Free to UCD affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;

The need for increasing efficiencies for medical resource delivery during a mass casualty incident/event is a paramount logistical planning factor that could mean life or death to the citizens affected by a disaster. As such, Washington State has prioritized emergency management and preparedness. Using the just-in-time system by way of Baghbanian' s complex adaptive decision-making theory as the foundation, gave purpose to this qualitative study. This was accomplished by analysis of emergency management professional responses, and to what degree, improvements can be made to the medical resource delivery system during a mass casualty incident/event. Data were collected through semi structured interviews with a random sample of 12 experienced emergency professionals from the State of Washington. This study was guided by primary research questions that focused on emergency managers and their understanding and adaptability toward preparedness. Interview data were deductively coded and analyzed through a thematic analysis procedure. The key theme of this study is that participants perceived slight differences in logistical and operational approaches that vector into transportation and operational understanding as the main factors influencing medical resource delivery. The positive social change association of this study is that it provides emergency managers, first responders, and medical staff with recommendations for analysis and planning development for medical resource delivery, thereby mitigating the life and death implications for citizens in future disasters.

This thesis examines the role of the Chinese news media in the 1989 pro-democracy movement. The three functions of this thesis are: 1) to provide evidence of changes in the pro-democracy movement; 2) to identify corresponding changes in the press coverage of the movement; 3) to examine what relationship exists between changes in the movement and changes in the press coverage of the movement.

En esta Tesis de Doctorado se ha realizado una investigación acerca de la incidencia y el tratamiento de un ingente conjunto de temas climáticos, meteorológicos y ambientales en el diario barcelonés La Vanguardia durante el período temporal comprendido entre 1970 y 1989, examinando una completa serie de parámetros con distintas opciones a identificar en cada una de las unidades de redacción localizadas en el periódico objeto de estudio, cuyos resultados han permitido establecer una serie de conclusiones sobre las características morfológicas y argumentales de los textos y acerca del interés de esta publicación por las cuestiones observadas, así como de su evolución a lo largo del tiempo. La metodología está fundamentada en las tradicionales técnicas hemerográficas estructuralistas y del análisis de contenido, habiéndose realizado una localización de unidades redaccionales y extracción de datos directamente de la fuente investigada, una consignación de los datos en una ficha-modelo y una informatización de los mismos. Se ha efectuado una cuantificación e interpretación de los rasgos formales y de contenido de la presentación de cuarenta y cinco aspectos meteorológicos, ambientales y climáticos en una época crucial por lo que respecta a su incorporación a gran escala en los medios de comunicación, a la integración de su nueva visión en estos medios como problemas sociales y al comienzo de la concienciación de la opinión pública ante tales aspectos. Se ha podido constatar que la temática relativa a la pluviometría ha resultado destacable en todos los años analizados, siendo el principal foco de atención las consecuencias negativas derivadas de episodios de lluvias de elevada torrencialidad con efectos catastróficos por las inundaciones y riadas, a escala nacional, regional y local, con una máxima concentración de este tema en los meses de otoño e invierno por la estacionalidad típica de estos fenómenos. Otras temáticas con una notable presencia fueron el agua como recurso, la energía nuclear y las acciones y actitudes relacionadas con el medio ambiente. Entre las temáticas climáticas cabe destacar unas escasas pero relevantes referencias en la década de 1970 a un posible cambio climático, encaminado a una “mini era glacial” según unos expertos o a un calentamiento global según otros especialistas. También resulta importante subrayar el incremento de la presencia de temas climáticos como la depleción de la ozonosfera y el efecto invernadero asociado al cambio climático en la segunda mitad de la década de 1980. Destacaron las palabras- clave lluvia, nuclear, contaminación e incendio forestal. Las secciones de información nacional, local y después de Sociedad contuvieron mayoritariamente las temáticas analizadas. Las unidades redaccionales se presentaron principalmente en forma de noticias de información general, de extensión breve, siendo muy escasos los textos de opinión o de tratamiento científico. Las interrelaciones establecidas entre las temáticas y las variables formales y argumentales han permitido concretar que se observa una evolución positiva en la voluntad de realzar las temáticas meteorológicas, climáticas y ambientales en el diario, en especial en la segunda mitad de la década de 1980, al haberse constatado un afianzamiento o incremento en las cifras de ciertas variables, sobre todo en el caso de los contenidos de carácter climático. La creación de la sección de Sociedad a mediados de la década de 1980 y la incorporación de los temas relativos al entorno natural, el clima y el tiempo atmosférico a este apartado del periódico comportó un acercamiento de estas temáticas al lector y una popularización de las mismas. También en dicha época la sección de Ciencia representó la ubicación idónea para una parte de los textos climatológicos que se hacían eco de las últimas investigaciones científicas y que requerían un espacio más selecto para su exposición.
The research deals with the incidence and treatment of several topics related to the climate, weather and environment in La Vanguardia, journal published in Barcelona, between 1970 and 1989. The analysis of different morphological and content variables in each of the text units located in the journal has provided results which have established a series of conclusions about these characteristics and the interest of this publication concerning the issues observed, and their evolution over time. The methodology is based on structuralist traditional newspaper techniques and content analysis. The author has been done a quantification and interpretation of formal features and content of the presentation of forty five meteorological, environmental and climate issues at a crucial time in regards to joining a large scale in the media, to the integration of these means as social problems and in relation with the early awareness of public opinion to such matters. It has noted that the issue about the rainfall has been remarkable in all the years analyzed, with a main focus in the negative consequences of episodes of torrential rains with catastrophic effects of flash floods. Other issues had a significant presence: the water as a resource, nuclear energy and related actions and attitudes to the environment. Among the climate topics highlights some relevant references in the 1970s about possible climate change, in the sense of a “little ice age” or a global warming according to the different specialists. It is also important to underline the increased presence of climate issues as the depletion of the ozone layer and the greenhouse effect associated with climate change in the second half of the 1980s. The keywords rain, nuclear, pollution and forest fire were the most repeated in the headlines. The sections of national and local information and after the Social section held mainly the analyzed issues. The text units are mainly presented as news overview with a short extension; the opinion or scientific articles were very scarce. The relationships established between issues and variables indicate a positive development in the desire to enhance weather, climate and environmental issues in the journal, especially in the second half of the 1980s.

Orientador: Lucia Maria Valente Soares
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T17:17:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Milanez_ThaisValeria_D.pdf: 2218554 bytes, checksum: 46e6ca6030ebca6708085a2033758933 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003
Resumo: Um bom número de espécies de fungos pode, sob condições especiais, produzir metabólitos secundários tóxicos conhecidos como micotoxinas. Cerca de 20 grupos de toxinas são conhecidos hoje, porém, algumas têm recebido atenção especial devido à sua toxicidade e ampla ocorrência natural: aflatoxinas, zearalenona, ocratoxina A, fumonisinas e tricotecenos. Os tricotecenos constituem um grupo de cerca de mais de uma centena de compostos caracterizados pela presença do sistema 12,13-epoxi-tricotec-9-eno em suas estruturas. A maior parte dos tricotecenos conhecidos foi isolada apenas em laboratório, porém, alguns deles foram obtidos e caracterizados como contaminantes naturais. Dentre estes podem ser citados o desoxinivalenol (DON), o nivalenol (NIV), a toxina T-2 (T2), o diacetoxiscirpenol (DAS) e menos freqüentemente os derivados 3-acetil-desoxinivalenol (3-Ac-DON) e 15-acetildesoxinivalenol (15-Ac-DON), a fusarenona-X (FX) e a toxina HT-2 (HT2). Entre todos, o DON é o de maior ocorrência em alimentos e rações animais, porém é também o menos tóxico. Apesar do milho (Zea Mays) ser um dos substratos mais susceptíveis a este tipo de contaminação, há poucos dados sobre o milho brasileiro. Brasil é o terceiro colocado quanto à produção mundial de milho, colhendo ao redor de 30 milhões de toneladas por ano e, portanto, um cereal com grande impacto na economia brasileira. Estes fatos apontam a necessidade de avaliar a extensão e o tipo de contaminação de tricotecenos em milho nacional. Por outro lado, a similaridade das estruturas químicas dos tricotecenos exige o uso de cromatografia com alto poder de resolução para sua separação como é como é o caso da cromatografia à gás. As diferentes toxicidades para os diversos membros do grupo requer, por sua vez, que a identidade de cada toxina seja confirmada por um sistema de alta confiabilidade como a espectrometria de massas. o presente trabalho visou avaliar a incidência de tricotecenos em milho plantado no estado de São Paulo e em produtos de milho comercializados na cidade de São Paulo. Dentre os tricotecenos, DON e NIV foram escolhidos devido a maior freqüência com que são encontrados em todo o mundo. As toxinas DAS, HT2 e T2 foram incluídas devido às suas maiores toxicidades e ocorrência natural comprovada em alimentos e rações. Para alcançar os objetivos descritos foi inicialmente avaliado método para determinação simultânea destes 5 tricotecenos por cromatografia à gás associada à espectrometria de massas. O método analítico após otimização e avaliação apresentou limites de detecção variando de 20 a 60 ng/g para DON, de 10 a 40 ng/g para NIV, de 20 a 120 nglg para DAS, de 20 a 50 ng/g para HT2 e de 20 a 100 ng/g para T2, de acordo com a as matrizes testadas (milho em grão, milho verde em lata, farinha de milho, canjica, fubá e flocos de milho). Da mesma forma, as recuperações variaram de 83 a 113% para DON, de 84 a 115% para NIV, de 69 a 123% para DAS, de 82 a 155% para HT2 e de 71 a 96% para T2. Foram analisadas 80 amostras de milho produzido em duas cooperativas do estado de São Paulo, tendo sido encontradas 11 amostras contendo NIV e uma com DON em nível de traços. Além disso, cinco amostras apresentaram NIV em níveis variando de 51 a 106 ng/g e uma delas co-contaminada com 71 ng/g de DON. Foram também analisadas 78 amostras de produtos de milho comercializados na cidade de São Paulo, sendo que uma delas, farinha de milho, apresentou traços de DON e NIV e outra, quirera, apresentou 555 ng/g e 767 ng/g de toxinas T2 e HT2, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos nos levantamentos realizados nos anos de 2000 a 2002, mostram baixa ocorrência de tricotecenos, não havendo risco para a população no consumo destes produtos. Devido à sazonal idade da contaminação por micotoxinas em alimentos, conclusões mais amplas só serão possíveis após vários anos de observação da presença dessas toxinas em milho plantado no estado de São Paulo e produtos de milho comercializados na cidade de São Paulo
Abstract: A great number of the fungal species, under specific conditions, can produce toxic secondary metabolites known as mycotoxins. About 20 groups of such toxins are known today but some have received special attention due to their toxicity and widespread natural occurrence: aflatoxins, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, fumonisins and trichothecenes. The trichothecenes constitute a group of more than a hundred compounds characterized by the presence of the system 12,13-epoxy-trichotec-9-en in their structures. However, most of the known trichothecenes have been isolated only in laboratory conditions. Just a few have been isolated and characterized as natural contaminants. Among them, deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), toxin T-2 (T2) , diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) and less frequently the derivatives 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-Ac-DON), 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-Ac-DON), fusarenone X (FX) and the toxin HT-2 (HT2). DON is the trichothecene most frequently found in foods and feeds and it's also the less toxic of this family. Despite the fact that com is one of the substrates more susceptible to this type of contamination, there is little information on the occurrence of trichothecenes in Brazilian com. Brazil ranks third in world production of com, harvesting about 30 million tons annualy, and com is a grain with great impact in Brazilian economy. These facts point to the need to evaluate the extension and the type of trichothecene contamination in national corn. On the other hand, the similarity of the trichothecene chemical structures requires the use of a high resolution gas chromatographic method for their separation, The differing toxicities for the members of this group of toxins requires, by their turn, that the identity of each toxin be confirmed by a system capable of great degree of reliability such as mass spectrometry. The present work aimed at evaluating the occurrence of trichothecenes in com p/anted in the State of São Pau/o and in com products commercialized in the city of São Paulo. DON and NIV were chosen for this investigation due to their worldwide occurrence. DAS, HT2 and T2 were inc/uded due to their high toxicity and their natural occurrence in foods and feeds. In order to reach the objectives of the present work, a gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of these tive trichothecenes was optimized and evaluated. Afier optimization the method presented detection limits ranging from 20 to 60 ng/g for DON, from 10 to 40 ng/g for NIV, 20 to 120 ng/g for DAS, 20 to 50 for HT2 and from 20 to 100 ng/g for T2, varying according to the tested matrices (dried com, canned sweet com, com grits, com flour, hominy sweet meal, com meal and com flakes). Similarly, the recoveries ranged from 83 to 113% for DON, 84 to 115% for N/V, 69 to 123% for DAS, 82 to 155% for HT2 and 71 to 96% for T2. A survey was conducted in samp/es of com grown in São Paulo State and also in com-based products commercia/ized in the city of São Paulo. Eighty samples of com from two cooperatives located in the State of São Paulo were analysed. E/even samples presented traces of N/V and another sample had traces of DON. Besides that, tive samples showed levels of N/V ranging trom 51 to 106 ng/g and one of them was co-contaminated with 71 ng/g of DON. Seventy-eight samp/es of com-based products commercialized in Sao Paulo city were analyzed. Among these samples, on/y one sample of com flour, presented DON and N/V. Another sample of com grits , had the toxins T2 an HT2 at the leve/s of 555ng/g and 767 ng/g, respectively. The resu/ts of the two surveys during the years 2000 to 2002, indicated a low occurrence of trichothecenes, and as a consequence a low risk for the consumers. Due to the well known variability in mycotoxins contamination of foods from year to year, only after several years of surveyng corn planted in the State of São Paulo and com products commercialized in the city of São Paulo, it will be possible to have a complete picture of the contamination of trichothecenes in com and com products
Doutorado
Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos

Etude de l'emission secondaire en fonction de la vitesse en projectile, de l'angle d'incidence du faisceau par rapport a la cible (minerale ou organique) et surtout de l'etat de charge au projectile, par spectrometrie de masse a temps de vol principalement: cette emission depend fortement de la charge du projectile et aussi du changement d'etat de charge a l'interieur du materiau. Interpretation des resultats a l'aide du modele de maynard et al. , en supposant l'existence d'une profondeur d'interaction ion primaire-materiau qui depend du type d'ions secondaires et de la charge de l'ion incident

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Akron, Dept. of English, 2007.
"May, 2007." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 4/26/2009) Advisor, Sheryl Stevenson; Faculty Reader, Bob Pope; Department Chair, Diana Reep; Dean of the College, Ronald F. Levant; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.

Tesis (Magister en Ciencias Agropecuarias. Mención: Tecnología de Semillas)--UNC- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2012.
El vigor temprano es considerado un componente esencial del desarrollo de los cultivos en la mayoría de las condiciones ambientales. Este término se utiliza para definir una prueba a laboratorio o también denominado vigor temprano a campo. El vigor está representado por el porcentaje de semillas que germinan bajo condiciones limitantes, diferenciándose del ensayo de germinación en condiciones óptimas. Las pruebas estándares de vigor en maíz no necesariamente predicen el comportamiento a campo y no existe aún suficiente información sobre los efectos de aptitud combinatoria y recíprocos para pruebas de vigor en laboratorio, como tampoco a campo. El objetivo fue establecer la influencia del vigor temprano y sus efectos génicos sobre el rendimiento de híbridos de maíz. Se utilizaron 20 híbridos simples de maíz provenientes de la cruza dialélica de 5 líneas endocriadas incluyendo recíprocos. Los ensayos a laboratorio incluyeron un test de Osmolitos, donde el estrés hídrico se simuló mediante solución de PEG 8000 al -1,4 MPa. Se midió el Poder Germinativo, la Longitud de parte aérea, la Longitud de raíz y el Peso Seco. La evaluación a campo consistió en una siembra temprana en secano, donde se evaluó: EAC1 Y 2, V1 Y 2, ALT1 Y 2, PSPTA, IV1 Y 2, EF Y RTO. Los resultados no evidenciaron relaciones directas entre el RTO y las variables de vigor bajo estrés hídrico evaluadas en laboratorio, indicando que el ensayo de vigor en PEG no demostró utilidad para estimar la producción de granos en los híbridos. Para las variables asociadas al vigor temprano a campo, se pudo detectar que sólo la altura de planta a los 23 días desde la siembra (ALT1) presentó correlación positiva con el RTO y, por lo tanto, resultó ser la única variable predictiva del rendimiento. El análisis genético mostró la importancia de los efectos no aditivos en el conjunto de variables de vigor evaluadas en condiciones de campo, a diferencia de los ensayos de estrés en laboratorio donde la expresión de los caracteres estuvo gobernada predominantemente por efectos de aditividad. En particular, la ALT1 estuvo condicionada por efectos de aditividad y de dominancia, por lo que esta variable puede ser evaluada durante la endocría como así también entre los híbridos. Los efectos recíprocos fueron importantes para la totalidad de las variables, incluyendo a la ALT1, lo cual indica la necesidad de determinar las líneas maternas con alta expresión para las variables evaluadas para contribuir a incrementar los rendimientos en grano.
The early vigor is considered to be an essential component of the development of crops in most environmental conditions. This term is used to define as well a laboratory test and what is also called field early vigor. The vigor is represented by the percentage of seeds that germinate under limiting conditions, differentiating from the germination test in optimal conditions. Standards testing of vigor in maize do not necessarily predict the field performance and there is still insufficient information on the effects of combining ability and reciprocal effects in laboratory tests, nor in its field evaluation. The aim was to establish the influence of the early vigor and its gene effects on the performance of hybrid corn. Five maize inbred lines were crossed to obtain twenty single crosses including reciprocals. Crosses were evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions in polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG) solution at 1.4MPa. Data of the following characters were recorded: germination percentage under drought, coleoptiles length, root length and dry weight. Single crosses were evaluated at field in a RCBD, attending: Plant field emergence 1 and 2, Vigor 1 and 2, Plant height 1 and 2, Dry plant weight, vigor index 1 and 2, foliar elongation and grain yield. No direct relations were found between grain yield and vigor under water stress characters evaluated in laboratory, indicating that the vigor in PEG trial was not helpful to predict grain yield production. For the variables associated with field early vigor, only plant height at 23 days from sowing presented positive correlation with grain yield and, therefore, turned out to be the most predictable of field grain yield. Genetic analysis showed the importance of non-aditive genetic effects among of variables related to vigor evaluated in field conditions, unlike stress testing in the laboratory where the expression of the character was predominantly ruled by additive effects. The ALT1 was conditioned both by additive and dominance effects, so that it may be evaluated during inbreeding as well as among single crosses. Reciprocal effects were important for all variables, including ALT1, making necessary to determine the maternal lines that will contribute to increase grain yields.

M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
Purpose: Low back pain affects the general population worldwide. Low back pain is a multi-factorial problem with debate as to the exact aetiology of low back pain. Thus, this study examines the relationship between lumbar spine lordosis, body fat percentage, physical activity level, lumbar spine range of motion and the incidence of low back pain. Method: There was a total of one hundred female participants between and including eighteen and thirty-five years of age. These females were symptomatic or asymptomatic of mechanical low back pain. Potential candidates were examined and accepted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were evaluated once. No treatment was administered. Procedure: Subjective responses were acquired through the Visual Analog Scale, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and an Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire. The objective evaluation included a physical examination and a lumbar spine regional examination. The participant’s height was measured using a stadiometer. The Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) measured the participant’s weight, water content, lean tissue mass and body fat percentage. BMI was calculated from the weight and height recordings. Range of motion of the lumbar spine was measured with a Digital Inclinometer. A flexi curve ruler molded the lumbar spine lordosis of each participant, which was then traced onto a piece of paper to measure the magnitude of lumbar spine lordosis. Results: A clinical relationship did not exist between a hyperlordotic lumbar spine posture, the incidence of low back pain, body fat percentage and lumbar spine range of motion. A clinical relationship was evident between a hyperlordotic lumbar spine posture and the level of physical activity. Conclusion: Given that a clinical relationship exists between a hyperlordotic lumbar spine posture and the level of physical activity, physical activity specifically exercise to strengthen the abdominal muscles should be included in a treatment protocol to reduce the degree of lumbar spine lordosis if the degree is excessive.

Li Yee Ching, Magdalene.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 154-160).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Acknowledgments --- p.i
Abstract --- p.ii
Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction
Overview --- p.1
Research Objective --- p.5
Conceptualization --- p.7
Organization of the paper --- p.11
Chapter Chapter 2: --- Communication and Collective Memory
Overview --- p.13
Collective Memory and Social Changes --- p.20
Collective Memory and Political Changes --- p.22
Mass Media and Collective Memory --- p.23
Chapter Chapter 3: --- Research Design
Discourse Analysis of the Representation of June4 --- p.31
Data Analysis --- p.34
Chapter Chapter 4: --- Initial Frames of Remembrance of the Tiananmen Incident in1989
The Structure of the Available Past --- p.38
The 1989 Pro-Democracy Movement in Beijing --- p.40
Framing the June 4 Incident in the Hong Kong Context --- p.45
Contextualizing the 1989 Pro-democracy Movement --- p.56
June 4 and the Hong Kong Media --- p.61
Chapter Chapter 5: --- The First Anniversary of the Crackdown in1990
Commemoration and Collective Memory --- p.66
The Commemoration Project of June4 --- p.67
The Media as a Field of Memory --- p.68
Cultivating Collective Memory --- p.70
Interpreting the Changes in Memory --- p.77
Chapter Chapter 6: --- The 5th Anniversary of June 4 in1994
The Script of the June 4 Anniversary --- p.80
The Commemoration Project in1994 --- p.81
Shifting Media Representations of Key Players --- p.83
Subdued Commemoration of the Media --- p.91
The Context of Changes in the June 4 Memory --- p.93
The Role of the Media --- p.96
Chapter Chapter 7: --- The June 4 Incident Commemoration on the Eve of the1997 Handover
Contradictions in the Memory of June4 --- p.101
Media's Coverage and the June 4 Commemoration --- p.103
Representation of Major Actors in1997 --- p.104
Media's Interpretation of the Meaning of June4 --- p.113
Interpreting the Changes --- p.115
Chapter Chapter 8: --- Commemorating the June 4 Incident in a Chinese City The 10th Anniversary of June4
Ambiguous Definition of the June 4 Incident --- p.120
The Media and the Mnemonic Dispute --- p.124
The Wider Context of the 10th Anniversary --- p.128
Remembering to Forget: Interpreting the Changes in1999 --- p.131
Chapter Chapter 9: --- Conclusions: The People Will Not Forget --- p.136
Bibliography --- p.154
Appendix 1: Survey on People's Opinion on the June Fourth Incident --- p.161
Appendix 2: Protocol for Textual Analysis --- p.163
Appendix 3: Interview Protocol --- p.164
Appendix 4:Interviewee Profile --- p.165

In this thesis we introduces the user interface design and forensic analysis tool for DIORAMA system. With an Android device, DIORAMA provides emergency personnel the ability to collect information in real time, track the resources and manage them. It allows the responders and commanders to mange multiple incidents simultaneously. This thesis also describes the implementations of commander app and responder app, as well as two different communication strategies used in DIORAMA. Several trials and simulated mass casualty incidents were conducted to test the functionalities and performance of DIORAMA system. All responders that participated in all trials were very satisfied with it. As a result, DIORAMA system significantly reduced the evacuation time by up to 43% when compared to paper based triage systems.

Trabajo final integrador. (Área de Consolidación Sistemas Agrícolas de Producción Extensivos) -- UNC- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2015
El maíz (Zea mayz L.) es unos de los cultivos más diversificados en el mundo y empleado tanto para la alimentación humana como en la alimentación de animales de todo tipo, desde aves hasta vacunos de carne o leche. Es el cereal con más volumen de producción a nivel mundial, superando incluso al trigo y arroz, y además, su aporte en la sostenibilidad de la capacidad productiva de nuestros suelos es fundamental. El ensayo se realizó en el establecimiento LAS MARGARITAS, ubicado a 7 km. de la localidad de Villa Sauze, partido General Villegas, provincia de Buenos Aires, sobre un suelo Hapludol típico clase IIc. El lote tiene una historia de más de 15 años en agricultura continua y 10 años de siembra directa con rotación de cultivos. El sitio donde se llevo a cabo el ensayo se eligió en función de la homogeneidad del terreno.

This study investigated the nature of opinions and attitudes expressed in letters to South African newspapers regarding selected incidents of interracial controversy, namely the Botes (2010) and Forum for Black Journalists (FBJ) (2008) incidents. A qualitative and quantitative content analysis of these letters was conducted to gauge the attitudes that writers displayed towards members of their cultural group (ingroup) and members of other cultural groups (outgroups). The results of the qualitative analysis indicated that individuals in a racial group have different perspectives of in- and outgroup members. The results of the quantitative analysis, however, showed that the majority of writers tend to display positive attitudes towards ingroup members and negative attitudes towards out groups. The dominance of positive attitudes towards ingroups and negative attitudes towards outgroups can be attributed to myths and discourses circulating in postapartheid South Africa and the current social climate in general. The study concluded that although individuals’ attitudes may differ from the stark negative attitudes displayed towards outgroups during the apartheid era, negative attitudes towards outgroups persist.
Communication Science
M. A. (Communication Science)

In 2011 and 2012, dramatic changes were made to the health care reform in the Czech Republic. As a consequence, almost the complete legislation related to traumatological planning was changed. This reform primarily introduced two new types of operating divisions; a department of emergency preparedness, as for the emergency medical service providers, and a contact point, from the aspect of emergency inpatient care providers. Emergency preparedness primarily processes a concept of the traumatological plan for the emergency medical service and introduces potential changes. The contact point, as a department of the emergency inpatient care with continuous operation, receives calls from the emergency medical service, especially in the event of emergencies and crisis situations. The given Master's Diploma Thesis entitled "Cooperation of the Trauma Centre of the Hospital České Budějovice and Medical Operation Center of the Emergency Medical Service of the South Bohemian Region in the Event of Mass-Casualty Incident" develops a key issue of the interconnection of traumatological plans established by health service providers within the South Bohemian Region and the level of their cooperation. Then the work analyses three mass-casualty incidents which happened in the past within the area and the level of involvement and cooperation of the aforementioned departments, i.e. the Hospital's trauma centre and Medical Operation Centre upon the Medical Emergency Centre of the Region of South Bohemia. The Diploma Thesis proceeds from the qualitative research which is divided into two parts. The first one defines the V1 research question specifying the role of the Traumatological Plan of the South Bohemian health care during the cooperation with the trauma centre under the Hospital České Budějovice and medical operation centre of the Medical Emergency Service of the South Bohemian Region in the event of a mass-casualty incident. By using a comparative method, which assessed the three traumatological plans, the level of cooperation did not exceed more than 20 % owing to the fact that the Traumatological Plan of the South Bohemian health care is out-dated. As a consequence, the answer to the V1 research question was following: The role of the Traumatological Plan of the South Bohemian health care with the cooperation of the trauma centre under the Hospital České Budějovice and Medical operation centre of the Medical Emergency Service of the South Bohemian Region in the event of a mass-casualty incident is insignificant. The second part develops the V2 research question: whether the failure in communication between the aforementioned trauma centre and medical operation centre could have any impact on the injured in the event of a mass-casualty incident. The qualitative research with the use of a method of analysis implemented during the previous mass-casualty incidents and interviews with four operators working for the medical operation centre and four doctors working at the accident, emergency and plastic surgery department provided the second answer to the V2 research question: Failure in communication between the two aforementioned departments could have a significant impact on the injured in the event of a mass-casualty incident. In the end, the thesis refers to the dramatic difference between the ideal traumatological planning and the current situation pointing out the Traumatological Plan of the South Bohemian healthcare which has not been updated for three and a half years since the reform. The given work also describes the issue of the ideal solution to the establishment of contact points in hospitals and compares it with the current situation at the Hospital České Budějovice where the contact point was established only in order to comply with the legislation, i.e. the contact point is based in the operating centre of medical transport.

The goal of this thesis was to analyze processes of the Emergency Medical Dispatch Center of the Emergency Medical Service of the Pilsen Region (ZOS ZZS Pk) when dealing with a mass casualty incident. The theoretical part of the thesis provides basic information relevant to the Pilsen Region, the Emergency Medical Service of the Pilsen Region, basic information on operations and general work processes of an emergency medical dispatch center during a normal work regime, and specific activities performed when dealing with a mass casualty incident. The research part of this thesis analyses activities and processes of an emergency medical dispatch center as described in the Mutual Mission Types Manual for Integrated Rescue System forces while at a mutual incident - Activities of Integrated Rescue System Forces at a Mass Casualty Incident (STČ 09/IZS). Further on the thesis evaluates activities of the ZOS ZZS Pk taken while dealing with two mass casualty incidents. These were a bus accident nearby Rokycany town in 2013 and a two trains collision nearby Horažďovice town in 2015. In order to make the analysis of readiness of the ZOS ZZS Pk to deal with mass casualty incidents more complex, SWOT analysis was added to the results. Based on the results of the STČ 09/IZS-manual analysis and of the SWOT analysis, suggestions for new manuals were made, that should make all the actions taken by employees of the ZOS ZZS Pk while dealing with a mass casualty incident more efficient and more effective. The goal of this thesis: to analyze activities of the ZOS ZZS Pk while dealing with a mass casualty incident, and to create suggestions of which inadequacies to remove and how to make operations of the ZOS ZZS Pk more efficient and more effective when dealing with mass casualty incidents; has therefore been fulfilled. The main outcome of the thesis are the final recommendations for making operations of the ZOS ZZS Pk more efficient and more effective when dealing with a mass casualty incident.