Journal articles: 'Maps of incidence'

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Penttila, Tim, and Alessandro Siciliano. "On the incidence maps of incidence structures." Ars Mathematica Contemporanea 20, no. 1 (July 20, 2021): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26493/1855-3974.1996.db7.

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Jia, Hongyu, and Zhankui Xiao. "Commuting Maps on Certain Incidence Algebras." Bulletin of the Iranian Mathematical Society 46, no. 3 (August 26, 2019): 755–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41980-019-00289-1.

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Xiao, Z. K., and L. Q. Yang. "Linear $$n$$-commuting maps on incidence algebras." Acta Mathematica Hungarica 164, no. 2 (June 12, 2021): 470–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10474-021-01148-4.

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Bulwa, Zachary, Hormuzdiyar Dasenbrock, Nicholas Osteraas, Laurel Cherian, R. Webster Crowley, and Michael Chen. "Incidence of Unreliable Automated Computed Tomography Perfusion Maps." Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 28, no. 12 (December 2019): 104471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104471.

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Lahermo, P., E. Pukkala, N. Gustavsson, A. Björklund, and L. Teppo. "COMPARISON OF GEOCHEMICAL AND CANCER INCIDENCE MAPS IN FINLAND." Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 59 (March 13, 2009): 279–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1986.tb02763.x.

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Lopez, Luis E. "The incidence correspondence and its associated maps in homotopy." Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 139, no. 09 (September 1, 2011): 3127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9939-2011-10750-0.

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Jahan, Farzana, Earl W. Duncan, Susanna M. Cramb, Peter D. Baade, and Kerrie L. Mengersen. "Augmenting disease maps: a Bayesian meta-analysis approach." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 8 (August 2020): 192151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.192151.

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Analysis of spatial patterns of disease is a significant field of research. However, access to unit-level disease data can be difficult for privacy and other reasons. As a consequence, estimates of interest are often published at the small area level as disease maps. This motivates the development of methods for analysis of these ecological estimates directly. Such analyses can widen the scope of research by drawing more insights from published disease maps or atlases. The present study proposes a hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis model that analyses the point and interval estimates from an online atlas. The proposed model is illustrated by modelling the published cancer incidence estimates available as part of the online Australian Cancer Atlas (ACA). The proposed model aims to reveal patterns of cancer incidence for the 20 cancers included in ACA in major cities, regional and remote areas. The model results are validated using the observed areal data created from unit-level data on cancer incidence in each of 2148 small areas. It is found that the meta-analysis models can generate similar patterns of cancer incidence based on urban/rural status of small areas compared with those already known or revealed by the analysis of observed data. The proposed approach can be generalized to other online disease maps and atlases.

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DOMOKOS, GÁBOR. "COARSE-GRAINED OBSERVATION OF DISCRETIZED MAPS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 15, no. 03 (March 2005): 861–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812740501248x.

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We investigate why discretized versions fN of one-dimensional ergodic maps f : I → I behave in many ways similarly to their continuous counterparts. We propose to register observations of the N × N discretization fN on a coarse M × M grid, with N = cM, c being an integer. We prove that rounding errors behave like uniformly distributed random variables, and by assuming their independence, the M × M incidence matrix AM associated with the continuous map (indicating which of the M equal subintervals is mapped onto which) can be expected to be identical to the incidence matrix BN,M associated with the aforementioned coarse grid, if [Formula: see text], where deg (f) denotes the degree of f. We show how coarse-grained registration can be used as a "digital" definition of an unstable orbit and how this can be applied in real computations. Combination of these results with ideas from the random map model suggests an intuitive explanation for the statistical similarity between f and fN. Our approach is not a rigorous one, however, we hope that the results will be useful for the computational community and may facilitate a rigourous mathematical description.

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Morimoto, Hiroshi. "Hidden Markov Models and Self-Organizing Maps Applied to Stroke Incidence." Open Journal of Applied Sciences 06, no. 03 (2016): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojapps.2016.63017.

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Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J., Maria Leonor Galindo-Marquez, Carlos Julian García-Loaiza, Juan Alejandro Sabogal-Roman, Santiago Marin-Loaiza, Andrés Felipe Ayala, Carlos O. Lozada-Riascos, et al. "Mapping Zika virus infection using geographical information systems in Tolima, Colombia, 2015-2016." F1000Research 5 (April 5, 2016): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8436.1.

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Objective: Geographical information systems (GIS) have been extensively used for the development of epidemiological maps of tropical diseases, however not yet specifically for Zika virus (ZIKV) infection.Methods: Surveillance case data of the ongoing epidemics of ZIKV in the Tolima department, Colombia (2015-2016) were used to estimate cumulative incidence rates (cases/100,000 pop.) to develop the first maps in the department and its municipalities, including detail for the capital, Ibagué. The GIS software used was Kosmo Desktop 3.0RC1®. Two thematic maps were developed according to municipality and communes incidence rates.Results: Up to March 5, 2016, 4,094 cases of ZIKV were reported in Tolima, for cumulated rates of 289.9 cases/100,000 pop. (7.95% of the country). Burden of ZIKV infection has been concentrated in its east area, where municipalities have reported >500 cases/100,000 pop. These municipalities are bordered by two other departments, Cundinamarca (3,778 cases) and Huila (5,338 cases), which also have high incidences of ZIKV infection. Seven municipalities of Tolima ranged from 250-499.99 cases/100,000 pop., of this group five border with high incidence municipalities (>250), including the capital, where almost half of the reported cases of ZIKV in Tolima are concentrated.Conclusions: Use of GIS-based epidemiological maps helps to guide decisions for the prevention and control of diseases that represent significant issues in the region and the country, but also in emerging conditions such as ZIKV.

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Van der Hoek, Wim, Jan Van de Kassteele, Ben Bom, Arnout De Bruin, Frederika Dijkstra, Barbara Schimmer, Piet Vellema, Ronald Ter Schegget, and Peter M. Schneeberger. "Smooth incidence maps give valuable insight into Q fever outbreaks in The Netherlands." Geospatial health 7, no. 1 (November 1, 2012): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/gh.2012.111.

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Alayrangues, Sylvie, Xavier Daragon, Jacques-Olivier Lachaud, and Pascal Lienhardt. "Equivalence between Closed Connected n-G-Maps without Multi-Incidence and n-Surfaces." Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision 32, no. 1 (April 15, 2008): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10851-008-0084-3.

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De Schepper, Anneleen, and Hendrik Van Maldeghem. "Maps related to polar spaces preserving a Weyl distance or an incidence condition." Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A 160 (November 2018): 332–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcta.2018.07.004.

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Muller, Hans-Georg, Ulrich Stadtmuller, and Farzaneh Tabnak. "Spatial Smoothing of Geographically Aggregated Data, With Application to the Construction of Incidence Maps." Journal of the American Statistical Association 92, no. 437 (March 1997): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2291450.

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Nakaya, Tomoki. "An Information Statistical Approach to the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem in Incidence Rate Maps." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 32, no. 1 (January 2000): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a31145.

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Müller, Hans-Georg, Ulrich Stadtmüller, and Farzaneh Tabnak. "Spatial Smoothing of Geographically Aggregated Data, with Application to the Construction of Incidence Maps." Journal of the American Statistical Association 92, no. 437 (March 1997): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1997.10473603.

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Gedney, Ryan, Kimberly Butler Willis, Aaron O’Brien, Michael Luciano, Katherine J. Richardson, and Eric G. Meissner. "Identification of Priority Areas for Increased Testing Using Geospatial Mapping of Incident HIV Cases Near Charleston, South Carolina." Infectious Diseases: Research and Treatment 12 (January 2019): 117863371987075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178633719870759.

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Analysis of disease incidence using geospatial mapping techniques can enhance targeted public health efforts in resource-limited settings. While data for HIV incidence are readily available for some metropolitan regions, there is no existing resource that maps HIV incidence geospatially for Charleston, South Carolina and surrounding counties. To facilitate the public health approach to address the HIV epidemic in this region, we used data collected by the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SC-DHEC) from 2014 to 2015 to generate local geospatial maps of disease incidence and identify specific areas that may benefit from increased testing and educational efforts. We identified specific zip codes in which there were a high number of cases from patients residing in those areas, but a low number of providers reporting new cases, and we describe ongoing efforts to address this disparity. This analysis identifies a local, collaborative approach to address the HIV epidemic using routinely collected surveillance data.

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GOMEZ-BARROSO, D., M. A. MARTINEZ-BENEITO, V. FLORES, R. AMORÓS, C. DELGADO, P. BOTELLA, O. ZURRIAGA, and A. LARRAURI. "Geographical spread of influenza incidence in Spain during the 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic wave and the two succeeding influenza seasons." Epidemiology and Infection 142, no. 12 (January 27, 2014): 2629–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268813003439.

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SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to monitor the spatio-temporal spread of influenza incidence in Spain during the 2009 pandemic and the following two influenza seasons 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 using a Bayesian Poisson mixed regression model; and implement this model of geographical analysis in the Spanish Influenza Surveillance System to obtain maps of influenza incidence for every week. In the pandemic wave the maps showed influenza activity spreading from west to east. The 2010–2011 influenza epidemic wave plotted a north-west/south-east pattern of spread. During the 2011–2012 season the spread of influenza was geographically heterogeneous. The most important source of variability in the model is the temporal term. The model of spatio-temporal spread of influenza incidence is a supplementary tool of influenza surveillance in Spain.

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Hasoon, Bonnie C., Alyssa E. Shipp, and Jamal Hasoon. "A look at the incidence and risk factors for dog bites in unincorporated Harris County, Texas, USA." Veterinary World 13, no. 3 (2020): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.419-425.

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Aim: This study examined the incidence, demographic predictors, and map patterns of dog bites to humans in unincorporated Harris County, Texas, USA. Materials and Methods: Dog bites reported to Harris County Veterinary Public Health (HCVPH) between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2016, were analyzed in this retrospective cohort study. Canine and victim characteristics and bite circumstances were evaluated to establish risk factors for bites. Geographic location was used to produce choropleth maps. Results: There were 6683 dog bites reported to HCVPH between the years of 2013 and 2016, with stable incidence rates over time. The incidence was highest for both children and older adults. Dogs with the primary breed of Pit Bull had the greatest frequency of bites (25.07%), with the second highest breed being Labrador Retrievers (13.72%). Bites were more common from intact dogs of both genders, especially from intact males. Persons aged 70+ had the greatest incidence of severe injury (14.09/100,000). A strong correlation between dog bite incidences and stray dogs was found after controlling for the human population and income. Conclusion: Dog bites remain a largely preventable issue, and risk factors identified in this study can help direct preventative efforts to reduce the incidence of dog bites.

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Quinby, P. A. "An index to fire incidence." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 7 (July 1, 1987): 731–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-116.

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To support the development and use of an index to fire incidence, historical data from modern fire records and forest resource inventory maps were used to test the null hypothesis that fire incidence within pine, intolerant hardwood, and tolerant hardwood forests does not differ significantly. The null hypothesis was tested with (i) the χ2 test of goodness of fit applied to species dominance type data within burned plots and randomly chosen plots and (ii) a t-test to identify significant fire incidence differences among the 10 overstory species and the three forest types. The first test showed a significant difference between expected and observed results. The second test showed that, although not significantly different themselves, the pine and intolerant hardwood forest types had a significantly higher fire incidence than the tolerant hardwood type. Although no one overstory species had a fire incidence significantly different from all others, each species differed significantly from at least two others. Because both post- and pre-fire data were used, it was impossible to distinguish vegetation flammability from species regeneration strategy as an explanation for fire incidence as measured. However, since crown fire is a rare event in the temperate forests of eastern North America, it is likely that most postfire vegetation samples represented the vegetation that was present at ignition. Thus, it is also likely that the majority of data indicate species flammability rather than species regeneration strategy. Finally, a method for calculating the index to fire incidence is presented.

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Favre-Nicolin, Vincent, Johann Coraux, Marie-Ingrid Richard, and Hubert Renevier. "Fast computation of scattering maps of nanostructures using graphical processing units." Journal of Applied Crystallography 44, no. 3 (April 2, 2011): 635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889811009009.

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Scattering maps from strained or disordered nanostructures around a Bragg reflection can be either computed quickly using approximations and a (fast) Fourier transform or obtained using individual atomic positions. In this article, it is shown that it is possible to compute up to 4 × 1010 reflections atoms s−1using a single graphics card, and the manner in which this speed depends on the number of atoms and points in reciprocal space is evaluated. An open-source software library (PyNX) allowing easy scattering computations (including grazing-incidence conditions) in the Python language is described, with examples of scattering from non-ideal nanostructures.

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Loloi, Justin, Yu-Kuan Lin, Fabian Camacho, Eugene Lengerich, and Jay D. Raman. "25-Year Trends in Stage-Specific Incidence Rates for Bladder Cancer in a Large Statewide Registry." Bladder Cancer 6, no. 4 (December 14, 2020): 445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/blc-200310.

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BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer (BC) is a common genitourinary malignancy with over 80,000 new cases diagnosed annually and over 17,000 associated deaths. OBJECTIVE: We review 25-years of BC incidence (1993-2017) within the state of Pennsylvania to better define incidence, geographic distribution, and trends over time. METHODS: The Pennsylvania Cancer Registry was reviewed for statewide and component county age-adjusted BC incidence rates and stage distribution. Chloropleth maps plotting statewide and county-specific incidence rates across time were created using the GeoDa statistical package. RESULTS: 93,476 cases of BC were recorded in Pennsylvania from 1993 to 2017. Age-adjusted annual rates of BC over the study interval were stable at 24.5 patients per 100,000 (range, 22.7–25.6). However, annual rates of distant disease increased from 0.5 to 1.1 patients per 100,000 (p < 0.001) with an average percent change increase of 6.6% over the study interval. The annual percent distribution of distant disease doubled from 2.3% to 5.1% (p < 0.001) with a greater increase in women compared to men. Chloropleth maps highlighted growing “hot spots” of bladder cancer incidence in the northwestern, northeastern, and southeastern portions of the state. CONCLUSIONS: While BC incidence in the state of Pennsylvania has remained relatively stable over the past 25 years, a concerning increase in distant disease was observed. Geospatial investigation implicates higher risk regions. Further studies are necessary to delineate the underlying etiologies for these observations.

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Northeim, Kari, Constant Marks, and Chetan Tiwari. "Evaluating spatial patterns of seasonal ozone exposure and incidence of respiratory emergency room visits in Dallas-Fort Worth." PeerJ 9 (April 13, 2021): e11066. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11066.

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Background In urban environments, environmental air pollution poses significant risks to respiratory health. Moreover, the seasonal spatial variability of the air pollutant ozone, and respiratory illness within Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) is not well understood. We examine the relationships between spatial patterns of long-term ozone exposure and respiratory illness to better understand impacts on health outcomes. We propose that this study will establish an enhanced understanding of the spatio-temporal characteristics of ozone concentrations and respiratory emergency room visits (ERV) incidence. Methods Air pollution data (ozone) and ERV incidence data from DFW was used to evaluate the relationships between exposures and outcomes using three steps: (1) develop a geostatistical model to produce quarterly maps of ozone exposure for the DFW area; (2) use spatial analysis techniques to identify clusters of zip codes with high or low values of ozone exposure and respiratory ERV incidence; and (3) use concentration-response curves to evaluate the relationships between respiratory ERV incidence and ozone exposure. Results Respiratory ERV incidence was highest in quarters 1 and 4, while ozone exposure was highest in quarters 2 and 3. Extensive statistically significant spatial clusters of ozone regions were identified. Although the maps revealed that there was no regional association between the spatial patterns of high respiratory ERV incidence and ozone exposure, the concentration-response analysis suggests that lower levels of ozone exposure may still contribute to adverse respiratory outcomes.

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Motlana, Mpho KTN, Themba G. Ginindza, Aweke A. Mitku, and Nkosana Jafta. "Spatial Distribution of Cancer Cases Seen in Three Major Public Hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Cancer Informatics 20 (January 2021): 117693512110281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11769351211028194.

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Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) like cancer are posing a challenge in the health system especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In South Africa, cancer is under-reported due to the lack of a comprehensive cancer surveillance system. The limited knowledge on the extent of cancer burden has led to inaccurate allocation of public health resources. The aim of this study was to describe cancer incidence and spatial distribution of cancer cases seen at 3 main public oncology facilities in KwaZulu-Natal. Methods: In this retrospective study, cases of cancer observed from year 2015 to 2017 were extracted from medical records. The crude incidence rate was estimated for the total cancer cases and for different type of cancer reported over that period. Age-standardised incidence rates (ASR) per 100 000 was calculated per year using age groups and sex according to the district population data of KwaZulu-Natal. The comparisons of cancer diagnosed incidences were made between 11 districts using the ASR. Choropleth spatial maps and Moran’s Index were used to assess the ASR cancer spatial distribution along with geographical patterns among the districts. One sample chi-square test was used to assess the significant increase/decrease over time. Results: The study lost numerous cases due to incompleteness. A total of 4909 new cases were diagnosed with cancer during 2015 to 2017, 62% of which were female. Both uMgungundlovu and eThekwini districts had the highest ASR among district municipalities of KwaZulu-Natal for both male and female (83.6 per 100 000 per men year for men, 158.2 per 100 000 women per year, and 60.1 per 100 000 men per year and 96.9 per 100 000 women per year, respectively). Random distribution of reported cancer cases in KwaZulu-Natal was observed with a high concentration being in and around 2 metropolitan districts. Spatial variation showed a significant difference from year to year between the districts with the random spatial distribution. Overall, there was a significant decline of cancer incidences observed from 2015 to 2017 ( P < .05) in the province. Conclusion: The overall cancer incidence in the study shows that female cancers (breast and cervical) are still on the rise and still need to be given priority as they were most prevalent in KwaZulu-Natal. Spatial analysis (choropleth maps) was used to show a pattern of higher concentration of cancer incidence in the north-western parts of the province.

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Gu, Hua, Congcong Yan, Zhenggang Jiang, Xiuyang Li, Enfu Chen, Jianmin Jiang, Qingwu Jiang, and Yibiao Zhou. "Epidemiological Trend of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fevers in Zhejiang Province, China from 1953 to 2014." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 2427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112427.

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Background: The incidences of typhoid and paratyphoid remain high and these diseases still pose a public health problem in China and in Zhejiang Province in particular. This study aimed to investigate the trend of typhoid and paratyphoid in Zhejiang Province from 1953 to 2014 and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of these diseases. Methods: Included in this study were compiled epidemiological data of typhoid and paratyphoid cases in Zhejiang from 1953 to 2003 and epidemiological data of those from 2004 to 2014 registered in the China Information System for Diseases Control and Prevention. Description methods were employed to explore the epidemiological characteristics, including long-term trend, gender distribution, age distribution, and occupation distribution. Incidence maps were made to represent the annual average incidences for each municipality. Spearman’s rank correlation was performed to detect the correlation between incidence and average elevation, and circular distribution was calculated to identify the seasonality and peak days of the diseases. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 182,602 typhoid and paratyphoid cases were reported in Zhejiang Province from 1953 to 2014, and the average annual incidence was 7.89 per 100,000 population. The incidence in 2014 decreased by 93.82% compared with that in 1953 and by 95.00% compared with the highest incidence rate. The average incidence before 2003 was negatively correlated with the average elevation of each region in Zhejiang province (r < 0, p < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant correlation from 2003. The peak period of diseases fell in the months from April to October every year. The incidence among the population group aged over 35 rose gradually but declined sharply among those between 20 and 34. Conclusions: The incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid decreased in Zhejiang Province from 1953 to 2014 but remained high in some regions. Proper measures for prevention and control are warranted in the southeast coast areas and for high-risk populations.

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Tongue, B. H. "Characteristics of Numerical Simulations of Chaotic Systems." Journal of Applied Mechanics 54, no. 3 (September 1, 1987): 695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3173090.

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A generalized form of Duffing’s Equation is examined in order to gain insight into the characteristics and properties of chaotic motion. It is shown that variations in the forcing function parameters as well as variations in the system’s initial conditions can lead to a chaotic response. The incidence of chaos is presented in the form of chaos maps and the structure of these maps is discussed. The influence of linear spring force on these maps is also examined. Finally, it is shown that an improper choice of time step can cause spurious results with regard to the existence of chaotic motion.

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Omodior, Oghenekaro, and Nicholas Kaukis. "Variations in tick-borne disease incidence rate by rural-urban county classification." SDRP Journal of Earth Sciences & Environmental Studies 5, no. 3 (2020): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25177/jeses.5.3.ra.10668.

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Background: Surveillance data of tick-borne disease (TBD) incidence in the United States are compiled at the county level, yet few studies have classified TBD risk using established county classification systems. Objective: Determine if significant differences in TBD incidence rates exist between Indiana counties based on population size classification (i.e. urban, rural, and rural-mixed). Methods: County TBD data for the period 2009 to 2016, were obtained from the Epidemiology Resource Center at the Indiana State Department of Health. Using the 2010 decennial population census, we normalized TBD counts to derive incidence rates per 1,000 population. We classified Indiana counties as either rural, rural-mixed, or urban based on population size. We used Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test to determine if median TBD incidence rates differed between urban, rural, and rural-mixed urban counties. We used choropleth maps in ESRI ArcGIS to display TBD incidence rate by county classification. Results: Kolmogorov-Smirnov pairwise comparisons test results, revealed no evidence of a difference in TBD incidence rates between rural, rural-mixed, and urban counties (p≥ 0.1208 ± 0.0065). Furthermore, Kruskal-Wallis test showed no evidence of a difference in the median TBD incidence rates by county classification (p = 0.9754). Higher TBD incidence rate counties occur in the western region, while lower rate counties occur in the eastern region. Although no differences exist in incidence rates by county classification, the two highest incidence rates were recorded in rural counties. Conclusion: A classification of Indiana counties based on population size is inadequate in identifying counties with a greater or lesser risk of TBD incidence. For a better understanding of county population-level TBD risk, future studies should aim at obtaining and exploring TBD incidence data at more granular, sub-county population levels such as zip codes, census- blocks and tracts.

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Balla, Esztella, and János Vad. "Establishment of a Beamforming Dataset on Basic Models of Low-Speed Axial Fan Blade Sections." Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 61, no. 2 (March 30, 2017): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppme.9548.

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The paper presents wind tunnel experiments, supplemented with phased array microphone measurements, on 2D basic models of low-speed axial fan blade sections: a flat plate, a cambered plate, and a RAF6-E airfoil. It aims at documenting the establishment of an acoustic beamforming dataset for the three profiles. The phased array microphone measurements offer spatially resolved information on the generated noise. The measurement setup enables the correlation of the streamwise evolution of the blade boundary layer with the associated noise characteristics. The dataset incorporates a wide range of incidence and Reynolds-numbers investigated. The present paper is confined to reporting on experimental results for arbitrarily selected representative incidences, Reynolds numbers, frequency bands, and profiles. The paper outlines a methodology for the evaluation and representation of the beamforming data in the following forms: source strength level based third-octave spectra obtained using background noise subtraction; maps presenting the loci of source strength level maxima; noise source maps for frequency bands of anticipated vortex shedding noise.

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Oliveira, Cláudia Di Lorenzo, Renato Martins Assunção, Ilka Afonso Reis, and Fernando Augusto Proietti. "Spatial distribution of human and canine visceral leishmaniasis in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brasil, 1994-1997." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 17, no. 5 (October 2001): 1231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2001000500023.

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In this paper, we present spatial analysis of the association between all incidents cases of human Visceral Leishmaniasis and seropositive dogs, from 1994 to 1997 in Belo Horizonte, a large Brazilian city. We geocoded 158 human cases and 11,048 seropositive dogs and compared canine prevalence rates with Human Bayesian Incidence rates in the same areas. We also used Knox's test to evaluate the hypothesis of space-time clustering of human cases in the period. Additionally, we used Kernel's maps for seropositive dogs distribution and located the human cases in the resulting smooth maps. We concluded that human and dog rates are correlated. Also, the Visceral Leishmaniasis in Belo Horizonte spread quickly, but apart from the rates' magnitude, it has kept the same spatial pattern through time. We believe it is possible to use this technique to choose areas to implement control measures against Visceral Leishmaniasis in a more efficient way.

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Rodrigues-Júnior, Antonio Luiz, Antonio Ruffino-Netto, and Euclides Ayres de Castilho. "Spatial distribution of the human development index, HIV infection and AIDS-Tuberculosis comorbidity: Brazil, 1982 - 2007." Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia 17, suppl 2 (2014): 204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4503201400060017.

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INTRODUCTION: AIDS epidemic has given visibility to the incidence of tuberculosis, for being the most frequent opportunistic infection. It is known that individuals who are socially vulnerable are more susceptible to HIV transmission and tuberculosis as well. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to conduct a geoepidemiological study on HIV/AIDS, AIDS-Tuberculosis co-infection and social vulnerability. METHOD: This is an ecological study using incidence rates and the human development index to produce thematic maps and a descriptive analysis of epidemiology. The records of reported cases of HIV/AIDS from 1982 to 2007 were used, considering as cases of AIDS-Tuberculosis those records that were positively diagnosed with tuberculosis and those records with unknown diagnosis of tuberculosis, but showing compatible signs and symptoms with tuberculosis (fever, cough, cachexia and asthenia). RESULTS: The maps allowed the identification of areas with social differences and different patterns of incidence of HIV/AIDS and AIDS-Tuberculosis; regional differences were similar to those found by Josué de Castro, in 1940; regions with higher human development index values also showed higher incidence HIV/AIDS and AIDS-Tuberculosis. CONCLUSION: The prevention of HIV infection must be geographically specific, given socioeconomic and cultural differences. Although official records show decline in AIDS-TB co-infection, treatment of cases of HIV/AIDS should observe the occurrence of opportunistic diseases, which should be notified and/or updated.

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Lenhart, J. David, Timothy G. Gregoire, Gary D. Kronrad, and A. Gordon Holley. "Characterizing Fusiform Rust Incidence and Distribution in East Texas." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 18, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/18.1.29.

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Abstract Three measurement cycles were completed on an extensive network of loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) pine and slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) pine plots in industrial plantations throughout East Texas in 1984, 1987, and 1990. Because the incidence of fusiform rust caused by Cronartium quercuum [Berk.] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme had been recorded at each measurement, it is possible to characterize the temporal and geographic distribution of fusiform rust among these industrial pine plantations in East Texas. Average rust incidence for each species by two year age classes is presented. For loblolly pine, there is no apparent change in overall average incidence between 1987 and 1990, whereas for slash pine, there is an apparent overall average decline of about 7-8 percentage points. For some slash pine age classes, the incidence decline is 20-30 percentage points. Loblolly and slash pine rust incidence maps depict the geographic distribution of rust infection by plantation age groups in East Texas. South. J. Appl. For. 18(1):29-34.

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TAKUADINA, A. I., A. ZH KINTONOVA, and K. M. SAGINDYKOV. "Application of information system of tuberculosis epidemic modeling on the example of Karaganda region." Bulletin of the National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan 4, no. 78 (December 15, 2020): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.47533/2020.1606-146x.37.

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Zonation of the territory of Karaganda region (Central Kazakhstan) on the level of tuberculosis incidence has not been carried out so far. The long-term dynamics of tuberculosis incidence in Karaganda region in the context of its districts was studied. Choice of mathematical model of epidemic spread. The optimization problem is solved with the help of stochastic method: genetic algorithm. Epidemic modeling in the information system. Building maps. Approbation of the information system model on the basis of officially available statistical data.

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TAKUADINA, A. I., A. ZH KINTONOVA, and K. M. SAGINDYKOV. "Application of information system of tuberculosis epidemic modeling on the example of Karaganda region." Bulletin of the National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan 4, no. 78 (December 15, 2020): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.47533/2020.1606-146x.37.

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Zonation of the territory of Karaganda region (Central Kazakhstan) on the level of tuberculosis incidence has not been carried out so far. The long-term dynamics of tuberculosis incidence in Karaganda region in the context of its districts was studied. Choice of mathematical model of epidemic spread. The optimization problem is solved with the help of stochastic method: genetic algorithm. Epidemic modeling in the information system. Building maps. Approbation of the information system model on the basis of officially available statistical data.

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Dominkovics, Pau, Carlos Granell, Antoni Pérez-Navarro, Martí Casals, Àngels Orcau, and Joan A. Caylà. "Development of spatial density maps based on geoprocessing web services: application to tuberculosis incidence in Barcelona, Spain." International Journal of Health Geographics 10, no. 1 (2011): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-072x-10-62.

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JARVIS, M. G., and M. R. HEDGES. "Use of Soil Maps to Predict the Incidence of Corrosion and the Need for Iron Mains Renewal." Water and Environment Journal 8, no. 1 (February 1994): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01094.x.

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Minelli, Cesar, Norberto Luiz Cabral, Liliana Tiene Ujikawa, Flavio Antonio Borsetti Neto, Esther Maria Langhi Chiozzini, Geraldo Cassio dos Reis, Lucileni Aparecida Borin, and Caroline Cristine Carvalho. "Trends in the Incidence and Mortality of Stroke in Matão, Brazil: The Matão Preventing Stroke (MAPS) Study." Neuroepidemiology 54, no. 1 (October 4, 2019): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000503005.

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Tsangaratos, P., and D. Rozos. "Producing landslide susceptibility maps by applying expert knowledge in a GIS - based environment." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, no. 3 (December 21, 2016): 1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.10993.

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In this paper two semi - quantative approaches, from the domain of Multi criteria decision analysis, such as Rock Engineering Systems (RES) and Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) are implemented for weighting and ranking landslide related factors in an objective manner. Through the use of GIS these approaches provide a highly accurate landslide susceptibility map. For this purpose and in order to automate the process, the Expert Knowledge for Landslide Assessment Tool (EKLATool) was developed as an extension tightly integrated in the ArcMap environment, using ArcObjects and Visual Basic script codes. The EKLATool was implemented in an area of Xanthi Prefecture, Greece, where a spatial database of landslide incidence was available

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Martsev, Anton. "The impact assessment of environmental factors on ascariasis incidence." E3S Web of Conferences 203 (2020): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020301021.

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In order to make effective managerial decisions regarding sanitary-epidemiological and preventive measures, the environmental factors potentially affecting the ascariasis epidemic process in the Vladimir region (Russia) have been searched. The archived statistics on ascariasis incidence among the population has been analyzed concerning the state of the environment, socio-economic situation, as well as climate indicators in region. Statistical data processing and correlation and regression analysis have been performed using the STATISTICA software. The maps have been compiled and edited using ArcView 3.1 GIS and standard Paint computer programs. The study showed that climatic environmental parameters determining the possibility of ascaris developing eggs in the environment reaching the infective stage retain the leading role in ascariasis epidemiology in the Vladimir region. The regional factor influencing the epidemic process is air pollution from stationary objects. The mathematical equation was made to forecast the morbidity level in the region. The obtained data can be used for risk assessment of ascariasis infection in order to ensure biological safety in the region.

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George, Iniodu, and Davison Mbere-obong. "SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA: A GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) STUDY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 12 (December 31, 2016): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i12.2016.2398.

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Effective control efforts on Lymphatic filariasis (LF) are hindered by paucity of reliable data on spatial distribution of the disease. Aim: This study was aimed at mapping and describing the transmission pattern of lymphatic filariasis in order to identify high risk zones of infection in Cross River State (CRS), to guide intervention programmes. Method: An 8-year case record (2006-2013) of Lymphatic filariasis in the 18 local government areas (LGAs) of CRS was mapped using geographical information system, (GIS); employing the graduated colour map with natural break classification method. Thematic (LF incidence) maps generated in ArcView 3.1 were overlaid on vegetation and natural drainage maps of the state. Data on seasonal incidence were mapped through aggregation of attribute data (LF cases) by months. Data analysis was through thematic mapping and descriptive statistics. Results: Thematic maps displayed spatial variation in the distribution of LF in the state; showing Ogoja LGA with highest incidence (61.25%) of the 800 reported cases; Ikom, the lowest; 1(0.125%) and zero case in 7 LGAs. There were no visually remarkable patterns to suggest strong influence of vegetation and natural drainage on transmission. Greater proportion (82.12%) of cases was recorded in the dry season. Conclusion: The study has produced prevalence map of LF in the state, which could guide intervention programmes; and has also revealed paucity of data at the disposal of healthcare authorities, a situation that could hinder large scale intervention. Findings identify poor health-seeking behavior of the population and poor disease surveillance strategies in the state. Community health education, strengthening of public health apparatus and interventions through mass drug administration and integrated vector control, are recommended.

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Hayden, M. J., S. Khatkar, and P. J. Sharp. "Targetting microsatellites (SSRs) in genetic linkage maps of bread wheat." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, no. 12 (2001): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar01026.

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The construction of genetic linkage maps from intraspecific crosses of bread wheat is slow and difficult due to very limited levels of polymorphism, which hinder the assignment of linkage groups to chromosomes and leave large genomic regions without markers. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) reveal a higher incidence of polymorphism and are more informative than any other DNA marker, and are therefore considered a marker of choice for self-pollinating crops with little intraspecific polymorphism. However, the availability of SSRs in bread wheat is still limited. In this study, selectively amplified microsatellite (SAM) analysis was used to develop informative SSR markers to assist in the construction of an intraspecific wheat map. Three markers were developed for under-represented regions in the genetic map, and 7 for unassigned linkage groups. The latter SSRs permitted the chromosomal origin of 4 unassigned linkage groups to be determined. These results demonstrate the utility of SAM analysis for the targetted development of informative SSR markers to genomic regions of interest, and assignment of linkage groups to chromosomes. Furthermore, SAM analysis facilitates the development of markers for relatively short (<11) dinucleotide repeat sequences, a class of SSRs generally inaccessible to traditional hybridisation-based methods used to develop these markers.

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Andrades, Ignacio Sánchez, Juan J. Castillo Aguilar, Juan M. Velasco García, Juan A. Cabrera Carrillo, and Miguel Sánchez Lozano. "Low-Cost Road-Surface Classification System Based on Self-Organizing Maps." Sensors 20, no. 21 (October 23, 2020): 6009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216009.

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Expanding the performance and autonomous-decision capability of driver-assistance systems is critical in today’s automotive engineering industry to help drivers and reduce accident incidence. It is essential to provide vehicles with the necessary perception systems, but without creating a prohibitively expensive product. In this area, the continuous and precise estimation of a road surface on which a vehicle moves is vital for many systems. This paper proposes a low-cost approach to solve this issue. The developed algorithm resorts to analysis of vibrations generated by the tyre-rolling movement to classify road surfaces, which allows for optimizing vehicular-safety-system performance. The signal is analyzed by means of machine-learning techniques, and the classification and estimation of the surface are carried out with the use of a self-organizing-map (SOM) algorithm. Real recordings of the vibration produced by tyre rolling on six different types of surface were used to generate the model. The efficiency of the proposed model (88.54%) and its speed of execution were compared with those of other classifiers in order to evaluate its performance.

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GUO, C., Y. DU, S. Q. SHEN, X. Q. LAO, J. QIAN, and C. Q. OU. "Spatiotemporal analysis of tuberculosis incidence and its associated factors in mainland China." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 12 (June 9, 2017): 2510–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268817001133.

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SUMMARYSpatiotemporal analysis is an important tool to monitor changes of tuberculosis (TB) epidemiology, identify high-risk regions and guide resource allocation. However, there are limited data on the contributing factors of TB incidence. This study aimed to investigate the spatiotemporal pattern of TB incidence and its associated factors in mainland China during 2005–2013. Global Moran's I test, Getis-Ord Gi index and heat maps were used to examine the spatial clustering and seasonal patterns. Generalized Linear Mixed Model was applied to identify factors associated with TB incidence. TB incidence presented high geographical variations with two main hot spots, while a generally consistent seasonal pattern was observed with a peak in late winter. Furthermore, we found province-level TB incidence increased with the proportion of the elderly but decreased with Gross Demographic Product per capita and the male:female ratio. Meteorological factors also influenced TB incidence. TB showed obvious spatial clustering in mainland China and both the demographic and socio-economic factors and meteorological measures were associated with TB incidence. These results provide the related information to identify the high-risk districts and the evidence for the government to develop corresponding control measures.

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Riad, Mahbubul H., Lee W. Cohnstaedt, and Caterina M. Scoglio. "Risk Assessment of Dengue Transmission in Bangladesh Using a Spatiotemporal Network Model and Climate Data." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 104, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 1444–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0444.

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ABSTRACTVector-borne disease risk assessment is crucial to optimize surveillance, preventative measures (vector control), and resource allocation (medical supplies). High arthropod abundance and host interaction strongly correlate to vector-borne pathogen transmission. Increasing host density and movement increases the possibility of local and long-distance pathogen transmission. Therefore, we developed a risk-assessment framework using climate (average temperature and rainfall) and host demographic (host density and movement) data, particularly suitable for regions with unreported or underreported incidence data. This framework consisted of a spatiotemporal network-based approach coupled with a compartmental disease model and nonhomogeneous Gillespie algorithm. The correlation of climate data with vector abundance and host–vector interactions is expressed as vectorial capacity—a parameter that governs the spreading of infection from an infected host to a susceptible one via vectors. As an example, the framework is applied for dengue in Bangladesh. Vectorial capacity is inferred for each week throughout a year using average monthly temperature and rainfall data. Long-distance pathogen transmission is expressed with human movement data in the spatiotemporal network. We have identified the spatiotemporal suitability of dengue spreading in Bangladesh as well as the significant-incidence window and peak-incidence period. Analysis of yearly dengue data variation suggests the possibility of a significant outbreak with a new serotype introduction. The outcome of the framework comprised spatiotemporal suitability maps and probabilistic risk maps for spatial infection spreading. This framework is capable of vector-borne disease risk assessment without historical incidence data and can be a useful tool for preparedness with accurate human movement data.

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Foxman, B., L. H. Moulton, R. A. Wolfe, K. E. Guire, F. K. Port, and V. M. Hawthorne. "Geographic variation in the incidence of treated end-stage renal disease." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2, no. 6 (December 1991): 1144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v261144.

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To facilitate identification of geographic clusters of areas with high or low incidence of treated end-stage renal disease, the 1983 to 1988 incidence by county was studied among whites and nonwhites less than 60 yr of age in the United States. End-stage renal disease incidence counts for 1983 to 1988 were obtained from the United States Renal Data System data base and linked to the 1985 county population obtained from U.S. Census data. Maps were smoothed by the method adopted by the National Cancer Institute that smooths only according to variability of the local rates, ignoring geographic information on clustering of events. In addition to identifying specific counties with exceptionally high or low incidence, geographic patterns were observed with many similarities across whites and nonwhites: notably high rates of disease in areas of the Southwest, the Southeast and in counties with Native American reservations and low rates in the West and Northwest. On the basis of these findings, several hypotheses are presented to explain the observed variation in treated end-stage renal disease incidence rates.

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Mohammed Al-Hashimi, Muzahem. "SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF PROSTATE CANCER INCIDENCE IN IRAQ DURING 2000-2015." Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 21, no. 1 (April 24, 2021): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.21/no.1/art.584.

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Prostate cancer incidence rates have evidenced a substantial increase in Iraq over the past sixteen years. Geographic variation of prostate cancer in Iraq has not been explored. We examine the geographic incidence patterns of prostate cancer in Iraq using the global index of spatial autocorrelation, Getis-Ord Gi* and Anselin Local Moran’s to detect hotspots, coldspots, and spatial outliers of prostate cancer rates. We calculated the age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIRs) according to district level for three periods (2000-2004, 2005-2009, and 2010-2015). Disease maps were produced to explore whether prostate cancer incidence clusters by district, and where hotspots and coldspots occur. Results highlight several districts of Iraq where the burden of prostate cancer incidence is especially high. In 2005-2009, the spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed a prostate cancer incidence hotspot in Al-Rissafa, Al-Manathera, Al-Kufa, Al-Hilla, Al-Hindiya, and Kerbela district. In 2010-2015, hotspots were seen in Al-Mussyab, Al-Hilla, Al-Hindiya, Al-Rissafa, Al-Adhamiya, Al-Sadir, and Daquq district. Examining spatial pattern of prostate cancer AAIRs is critical to government efforts to focus on those regions, and to understanding and targeting prostate cancer

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Wang, Bin, Xue Dong Yan, Mei Wu An, Cui Ping Zhang, and Lu Ma. "Crash Hazard Comparison between Rural and Urban Road Segments Based on GIS and Logistic Regression Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 1635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.1635.

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Traffic safety in rural and urban areas is a serious public issue worldwide. In this paper, the weighted hazard index (WHI) was adopted to describe risk distributions in rural and urban areas. At the beginning, the WHI analysis results were shown in the GIS-based maps and the visual display of the hazardous segments was illustrated by ArcGIS software, which would help policymakers to assume more targeted improvement measures. Then logistic regression is introduced to assess the difference of incidence of total crashes and incidence of the fatal/injure crashes between urban and rural areas. Based on the estimation results of logistic regression analysis, the ADT (average daily traffic) and length of segments have more evident impact on the two risk factors, namely the incidence of total crashes and incidence of fatal/injure crashes. Furthermore, the differences between rural and urban areas are obvious in total crashes and fatal/injure crashes and more specifically they are all lower in rural areas with other attributes being fixed.

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Yan, Congcong, Yijuan Chen, Ziping Miao, Shuwen Qin, Hua Gu, and Jian Cai. "Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Bacillary Dysentery from 2005 to 2017 in Zhejiang Province, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 9 (August 24, 2018): 1826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091826.

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Background: This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological and spatiotemporal characteristics of bacillary dysentery in Zhejiang Province and to provide the basis for its monitoring, prevention and control. Methods: This study included cases registered in China Information System for Diseases Control and Prevention from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2017 in Zhejiang. Descriptive methods were employed to investigate the long trend of this disease: gender distribution, high-risk population, seasonality, and circular distribution was explored to detect the peak period; incidence maps were made to show the incidence trend of disease at county level; spatial autocorrelation was explored and the regions with autocorrelation were detected; and spatiotemporal scan was conducted to map out the high-risk regions of disease and how long they lasted. Statistical significance was assumed at p value of <0.05. Results: A total of 105,577 cases of bacillary dysentery were included, the incidence declining sharply from 45.84/100,000 to 3.44/100,000 with an obvious seasonal peak from July to October. Males were more predisposed to the infection than females. Pre-education children had the highest proportion among all occupation categories. Incidence in all age groups were negatively correlated with the year (p < 0.001), and the incidences were negatively correlated with the age groups in 2005–2008 (p = 0.022, 0.025, 0.044, and 0.047, respectively). Local autocorrelation showed that counties in Hangzhou were high-risk regions of bacillary dysentery. The spatiotemporal scan indicated that all clusters occurred before 2011, and the most likely cluster for disease was found in Hangzhou, Jiaxing and Huzhou. Conclusions: The incidence of bacillary dysentery in Zhejiang from 2005 to 2017 featured spatiotemporal clustering, and remained high in some areas and among the young population. Findings in this study serve as a panorama of bacillary dysentery in Zhejiang and provide useful information for better interventions and public health planning.

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Meusburger, K., and C. Alewell. "Impacts of anthropogenic and environmental factors on the occurrence of shallow landslides in an alpine catchment (Urseren Valley, Switzerland)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 3 (May 19, 2008): 509–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-509-2008.

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Abstract. Changes in climate and land use pose a risk to stability of alpine soils, but the direction and magnitude of the impact is still discussed controversially with respect to the various alpine regions. In this study, we explicitly consider the influence of dynamic human-induced changes on the occurrence of landslides in addition to natural factors. Our hypothesis was that if changes in land use and climate have a significant influence on the occurrence of landslides we would see a trend in the incidence of landslides over time. We chose the Urseren Valley in the Central Swiss Alps as investigation site because the valley is dramatically affected by landslides and the land use history is well documented. Maps of several environmental factors were used to analyse the spatial landslide pattern. In order to explain the causation of the temporal variation, time-series (45 years) of precipitation characteristics, cattle stocking and pasture maps were compared to a series of seven landslide investigation maps between 1959 and 2004. We found that the area affected by landslides increased by 92% from 1959 to 2004. Even though catchment characteristics like geology and slope largely explain the spatial variation in landslide susceptibility (68%), this cannot explain the temporal trend in landslide activity. The increase in stocking numbers and the increased intensity of torrential rain events had most likely an influence on landslide incidence. In addition, our data and interviews with farmers pointed to the importance of management practice.

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Orum, Thomas V., Donna M. Bigelow, Peter J. Cotty, and Merritt R. Nelson. "Using Predictions Based on Geostatistics to Monitor Trends in Aspergillus flavus Strain Composition." Phytopathology® 89, no. 9 (September 1999): 761–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1999.89.9.761.

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Aspergillus flavus is a soil-inhabiting fungus that frequently produces aflatoxins, potent carcinogens, in cottonseed and other seed crops. A. flavus S strain isolates, characterized on the basis of sclerotial morphology, are highly toxigenic. Spatial and temporal characteristics of the percentage of the A. flavus isolates that are S strain (S strain incidence) were used to predict patterns across areas of more than 30 km2. Spatial autocorrelation in S strain incidence in Yuma County, AZ, was shown to extend beyond field boundaries to adjacent fields. Variograms revealed both short-range (2 to 6 km) and long-range (20 to 30 km) spatial structure in S strain incidence. S strain incidence at 36 locations sampled in July 1997 was predicted with a high correlation between expected and observed values (R = 0.85, P = 0.0001) by kriging data from July 1995 and July 1996. S strain incidence at locations sampled in October 1997 and March 1998 was markedly less than predicted by kriging data from the same months in prior years. Temporal analysis of four locations repeatedly sampled from April 1995 through July 1998 also indicated a major reduction in S strain incidence in the Texas Hill area after July 1997. Surface maps generated by kriging point data indicated a similarity in the spatial pattern of S strain incidence among all sampling dates despite temporal changes in the overall S strain incidence. Geostatistics provided useful descriptions of variability in S strain incidence over space and time.

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Ghedira, Kais, Soumaya Kouidhi, Yosr Hamdi, Houcemeddine Othman, Sonia Kechaou, Sadri Znaidi, Sghaier Haïtham, and Imen Rabhi. "Pathway Maps of Orphan and Complex Diseases Using an Integrative Computational Approach." BioMed Research International 2020 (November 27, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4280467.

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Orphan diseases (ODs) are progressive genetic disorders, which affect a small number of people. The principal fundamental aspects related to these diseases include insufficient knowledge of mechanisms involved in the physiopathology necessary to access correct diagnosis and to develop appropriate healthcare. Unlike ODs, complex diseases (CDs) have been widely studied due to their high incidence and prevalence allowing to understand the underlying mechanisms controlling their physiopathology. Few studies have focused on the relationship between ODs and CDs to identify potential shared pathways and related molecular mechanisms which would allow improving disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. We have performed a computational approach to studying CDs and ODs relationships through (1) connecting diseases to genes based on genes-diseases associations from public databases, (2) connecting ODs and CDs through binary associations based on common associated genes, and (3) linking ODs and CDs to common enriched pathways. Among the most shared significant pathways between ODs and CDs, we found pathways in cancer, p53 signaling, mismatch repair, mTOR signaling, B cell receptor signaling, and apoptosis pathways. Our findings represent a reliable resource that will contribute to identify the relationships between drugs and disease-pathway networks, enabling to optimise patient diagnosis and disease treatment.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Maps of incidence'

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