Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Maraboutism'
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Boyd-Buggs, Debra. "Baraka : maraboutism and maraboutage in the francophone Senegalese novel /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392894752.
Full textKerzazi, Brahim. "Le transfert dans les techniques et pratiques magicoreligieuses : cas du maraboutisme." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070092.
Full textThe marabout ritual and ceremonies, which are collective as the feast of pilgrimage. Or individual as the visit or ziara, the sacrifice or again the therapistic danse are updating via the transfer of ambivalent emotions on the idealized patemal substituts from one hand and worries, hatred or the sacrificed in another hand. The social dynamic around the holy marabout is fed bv the idealization of the subject of the desire with the pain of all kinds of strength and the sinful crowds proved a return of the ideal father and the ritual persecuter organized by the sons and the subject of the symptom. The target is to strength the social link around the preserved ideal father thanks to the sacrifice of the paternal substitut. In fact, it is a double transfer which is implimented on the saint face in a positive and similtanuous manner or ideal, and on the djinn or evil in a negative or persecutive manner. Once, the ideal father reincarnated bv the care of the marabout ritual, the saint becomes the ideal object or the object of the desire of the crowds that are lacking all kinds of strenqth. The subject of the symptom makes a resort next to the paternal face to negotiate a new line of conduct by unloading or discharge his hatred and agressivity on the animal substitut. He makes sure in one part of the paternal strength and able to enjoy in a great tranquillitv. The therapistic court of BOYA OMAR condenses this negociation besides the ideal saint father and the persecuter djinn : mervellously, at the same time
Kuczynski, Liliane. "Chemins d’Europe : les marabouts africains à Paris." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100159.
Full textThis research results from a fieldwork carried out in Paris and the suburbs with marabous from west-Africa and their clients. In the two first parts, the different roles played by these people in Maghreb and in west-Africa are being studied with a conceptual and diachronically prospective. It is demonstrated that there is not a single pattern of a marabou; this approach entails that the Parisian marabous cannot be leveled with it. The third part considers the coming into France of marabous in the context of the west-African immigration. Describing the permanent features and the diversity of individual itineraries, the study focusses on the location of marabous in the Parisian space, on the legal framework of migration and activities and on the attempts to "professionalization". The forth part deals with the marabous’ knowledge and know-how. Emphasizing the diversity of the pathways followed by marabous and the various and enriching opportunities given by the Parisian environment as well as the multiple individual adjustments which derive from it, the study examines current practice and how they are experienced by clients : divinatory techniques in order to identify the origins of the problems, the "work" properly speaking (the making of peace’s of writing or lotions given to clients, repeated prayers said by the marabou, sacrificial practices). The fifth part is centered on the relationship between marabous and their clients, from all sorts of background and origin. It analyses the different roles played by marabous in Paris and the way they try to construct their legitimacy
Akrimi, Salem. "Une anthropologie comparative du don et de la baraka : quelques exemples sur le maraboutisme tunisien." Metz, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/Akrimi.Salem.LMZ0623.pdf.
Full textThe subject matter of this study is a comparison between gift and baraka. We went to Bir El Haffey, a town located in the governorship of Sidi Bouzid, central Tunisia. A popular Islam still remains in this part of the country and its main aspect relies upon the notion of baraka. Viewed as a kind of grace this notion is supposed to steep the descendants of the Prophet and of his companions': the marabous. Witch doctors are healers, soothsayers, spirits specialists, sorcerers or amulets writers. Their efficiency relies for the most part upon the legacy of a tradition but also upon a reward after having overcome the determining ordeal of illness. We met several marabous (women and men) and realised that the psychological disorders they had to go through are the same as their patients'. At Bir El Haffey, these disorders are especially the evil eye and the possession by spirits. We tried to demonstrate that while taking on feminine condition aspects, these disorders are the metaphor of a legacy crisis. Perceived like a sign, this crisis is not only in the middle of the system of baraka transmission but also in the popular religiosity
Gueye, Seydou Hamady. "Islam chez les Maures, les Hâlpulâr et les Soninké : maraboutisme, confrérisme, syncrétisme, identités nationales et nationalismes." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082382.
Full textAlouani, Salah. "Essor et diffusion de la walâya chez les tribus de l'intérieur de l'Ifriqiya entre le XIIe et le début du XVIIIe siècle." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20098.
Full textWith the coming of the Arab Hilâl and Soleim tribes into Ifriqiya, a clear-cut rift between its interior and its coast became a reality and would not cease to widen. Isolated and eccentric, the "Nomads' homeland" that was situated between the High Tell and the Sahara and would stretch beyond the present-day Tunisian-Algerian borders, witnessed an unprecedented internal dynamic between the XIIth and XVIIIth centuries. As early as the XIII-XIV centuries, two concomitant phenomena led this Nomads' homeland towards a definitive immersion into the Islamic-Arab culture: a successful ethnic and cultural blending, and a victorious offensive of tasawwuf that was mainly led by some repentant A'râb. They were influenced by al-walâya which was born in the Qayrawân triangle before it later grew in the zawiyas. Hence, both the tribal effect and the shaykh's charisma were decisive in diffusing religious ideas which were adapted to the nomadic bedouin's needs, expectations and social realities
Diarra, Abdoulay Mohamed. "Dynamique des marabouts du Niger : différenciation de leurs activités en milieu rural et urbain." Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083198.
Full textThe alfa marabout in Niger is an exemplary important person from both social and religious points of view. In the Nigerian context, he can be defined in various ways, but mostly as a Muslim who has studied the Koran in makaranta (a koranic school) and invokes God in order that other people’s wishes should be fulfilled. He has a lot of various functions. Most African marabouts were connected with such confraternities as the Qâdiriyya 3 and the Tijaniyya 4 who played an important role in the expansion of Islam in Niger in the 19th century. This work comprises two parts : the principal marabout institutions and their Tâlibés (pupils in koranic schools), the meeting of the marabout society in Niger (practices, evolutions)
Mezzine, Mohamed. "Le Temps des marabouts et des chorfa essai d'histoire sociale marocaine à travers les écrits de jurisprudence religieuse /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376166131.
Full textMazzīn, Muḥammad. "Le temps des marabouts et des chorfa. Essai d'histoire social marocaine a travers les ecrits de jurisprudence religieuse." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070069.
Full textRather unexpectedly, since it does not correspond to the simple linear pattern offered by the traditionnal historical studies of morocco of that time, the moroccan society of the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries (the period of marabus and chorfa) appears to be most complex, once we have gone through and analyzed a number of texts dealing with religious statute law. It seems to have kept traces of tribal "middle-ages" wile it has adopted the first trends of a still embryonic "modernisme". -power no longer is the attribute of the tribes whose corporate feeling is the strongest but that of familial communities with "cherifian" roots (a kind of religious nobility) st aunchly supported by marabus. -sedentarity, despite a temporary resuming of the moving of the flocks related in chronicles, is the rule -the sacred undergoes several successive transformations. .
Ehazouambela, Doris. "L’islam au Gabon : socio-anthropologie politique d’une minorité confessionnelle." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0675.
Full textThis study deals with Islam in urban areas in Gabon and aims at showing that Islam, as a primarily urban phenomenon, is now an integral part of the social, religious, economic and political environment of Gabon. Islam is considered a minority religion on a social level, and is practiced by a population consisting primarily of immigrants. However, due to conversions Islam currently occupies the second place among the religions of the Book in Gabon. The unique dynamics of islam in Gabon allow us to understand Gabonese social reality not only through the study of models and patterns, which preside over it in part, but also through the lens of religious practices, which demonstrate that that society is constantly in the process of renewing itself. In this way, we can examine how Islam structures historical situations and social organizations, as well as the existing gaps between "official" aspects of society and its social practices. Islam in Gabon is a minority religion that accomplished its social development and constructed its uniqueness on the local level, assisted by members of "political society" themselves converted to the faith of Mohammed, the Mamadous. These individuals consider Islam as one of their managing domains capable of reinforcing the power of the hegemonic block. In this way, the conversion to islam of President El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba and his entourage, combined with his political longevity, has established an imaginary in the Gabonese society, that is to say, a place for the construction of its social, economic and political history, both before and after the independence of the country. Thus, for the "political society", Islam in Gabon is one of the central elements of political and economic power, and it is constitutive of the dialectic of accumulation of "powers" of the reign of President Omar Bongo Ondimba. By bringing Gabonese population into new contingencies – notably religious - African modernity has tended to substitute lineages : that of the clan by that of the national community, that of the Church by that of the Mosque. This is "deparentelisation" which means an emphasis on social and political relations. Thus, through the conversion of deparentelized persons, the Mamadou and the Makaya, islam reconfigures and reconstructs the positions of the social and political relations in Gabonese society. Therefore, Islam in Gabon is part of the power structure called "phantom power" that operates on the basis of both visibility and invisibility
Ba, El Hadji Mouhamadou Fadilou Diallo. "Les communications des organisations à vocation sociale au Sénégal autour des enfants mendiants ou Talibés : comprendre les enjeux, analyser les dispositifs, actions et outils au service des publics vulnérables." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0714.
Full textThis research permitted us to confirm two hypotheses of action communication and societal or state approved ones for which persuasive communication makes ideas move forwards and committed communication change behaviours. Applied to the problem of Talibes children’s mendicity in Senegal, this thesis, made us revisit that good tradition deeply rooted but which nowadays is used5 for pejorative and economic deviations. To3 fight against children Talibes illtreatement, NGO Symbiose has developed a persuasice communication without behavioural change excpected on the parteners. Among these parteners we have taken in this study as subjects of committed communication’s experience which is conceived for this fact. In virtue of the promise that this form of communication has the power to bring its receptors to a change of acts. Above all if the principle of the preparatory act is taken as the technical basis of the protocol. 2 preparatory acts which are even formulated also to the intension of one of the experimental subject to better a social problem which has become a real problematic cause and then more difficult to modify. Finally, the double preparatory act, has reveled perspicacity: subscribing the public under its control bringing them to modify their behaviorus. Capacities of attracting publics more intense for two preparatory acts that link with the theoretical setting of our study and confirm that: the more we multiply the preparatory acts the more we succeed the behavioural change. Better the fact of identifying that what we are doing is positive help one part of the public increasing their initial commitment. That is the principle of action of identification
Diagne, Papa Mamadou. "Des systèmes de prise en charge à l'errance des malades mentaux dans l'agglomération dakaroise : socio-anthropologie de la santé au Sénégal." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUEL005.
Full textThis dissertation endeavors to shed more light on the issue of mental health in Senegal. It analyses the Senegalese society from both sociological and anthropological perspectives/angles. Different actions carried out to tackle the burning issue of mental health have led us to consider its functioning, organization logical and current representational patterns. From a diachronic approach of the topic, we try to understand the positioning of every single system of care along with their different legitimate pillars. From a different angle, the issue of homelessness implies taking mental health policies, as well as urban dynamic and family sphere into account. Such an approach tends to favour rational explanations of family disruption, which results in street vagrancy. From this perspective, lunatics who are at the core of our study are placed in the midst of various actors including psychiatrists, healers, marabouts, city life and mental health associations. Different approaches about mental illness have gone through an evolving framework which leads us to the questioning of the whole Senegalese society, from inception to the different forms it has gone through its evolution. Thence musing over mental illness means to take social, cultural and political realities into account, as comparable entities are not to be separated from mental illness' inception and evolution
Bathily, Arona. "L'invention du multipartisme au Sénégal : (1974-2000)." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10016.
Full textPolitical pluralism remains an important item of the political evolution in Senegal. This study aims at questioning the reality of the multiparty system, by paying special attention to the social and political environment of this unprecedented experience. What are the factors, actors and appropriate contingencies at stake in such an evolution? Throughout a depiction of the relationships between the then governing socialist party and the opposition parties, between the latter and the spiritual chief families, the civil society, the private press, labor unions and student movements we tried to bring into light the process of the invention of the multiparty system in Senegal. This neo-institutional and strategic approach of our object allows us to show that political pluralism has been deterred from its main goal. Therefore, in order to explain the gap between the status of democratic reference of Senegal in Africa and the endless underground tricks, we chose stress the informal side of its political pluralism. This situation indeed enabled us to understand the various paths taken by this system. It seems today that a superficial multiparty system in its beginnings can find internal resources allowing it to change governments by way of ballot boxes without actually guaranteeing a genuine democratic society. If the organization of the political competition inevitably rests on political parties, it would never ever be optimal without the actual involvement of institutions whose main objective is to ensure that the interests of all fringes of the society are equally defended
Sémédo, Raymond. "Les Khons : les représentations sociales de la maladie et les pratiques magiques dans l'espace interculturel sénégalais." Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON30023.
Full textThe social representations of the disease depend on the cultural context of their production. Indeed, the many cultural beings which populate the visible or invisible universe are not-microbial agents of the disease according to beliefs'. The meeting of geniuses (Rap at Wolof, Lébou or Pangol at Sérère, U-kai at Mancagne) involves disorders like the paralysis, the aphasia, the madness… Also, the overcome geniuses protect from biological or social misfortune. At the populations of Casamance, Mancagne, Swinging, Diola, Baïnuk, Manjak, the beliefs in the fetishes remained intact. Because of promptness of the rites animists, many wood crowned and furnace bridges exist. Particular worships are returned to intermediate cultural beings or powerful geniuses. Bassari of Eastern Senegal perennialize specific rites making it possible to trade with geniuses which claim human hearts. But the cultural entity identified by all the ethnos groups as dangerous remains the anthropophagous wizard. Even the Islamized populations Malinké, Soninké, Toucouleur, Peul seek effective protections against anthropophagic sorcery. Other cultural entities come with Islam, such djinnés or Seytanés give physical or psychic disorders, social or biological evils. Lastly, according to local beliefs', the maraboutage and let us khons them malefic are other vectors of diseases, social misfortune, of economic, school, family failure. The system of beliefs allots to khons other evils which can go until death
Rhani, Zakaria. "Le culte de Ben Yeffou : sainteté, rituel et pouvoir au Maroc." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6424.
Full textBâ, El Hadji Mouhamadou Fadilou Diallo. "Les communications des organisations à vocation sociale au Sénégal autour des enfants mendiants ou Talibés : comprendre les enjeux, analyser les dispositifs, actions et outils au service des publics vulnérables." Thesis, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0714/document.
Full textThis research permitted us to confirm two hypotheses of action communication and societal or state approved ones for which persuasive communication makes ideas move forwards and committed communication change behaviours. Applied to the problem of Talibes children’s mendicity in Senegal, this thesis, made us revisit that good tradition deeply rooted but which nowadays is used5 for pejorative and economic deviations. To3 fight against children Talibes illtreatement, NGO Symbiose has developed a persuasice communication without behavioural change excpected on the parteners. Among these parteners we have taken in this study as subjects of committed communication’s experience which is conceived for this fact. In virtue of the promise that this form of communication has the power to bring its receptors to a change of acts. Above all if the principle of the preparatory act is taken as the technical basis of the protocol. 2 preparatory acts which are even formulated also to the intension of one of the experimental subject to better a social problem which has become a real problematic cause and then more difficult to modify. Finally, the double preparatory act, has reveled perspicacity: subscribing the public under its control bringing them to modify their behaviorus. Capacities of attracting publics more intense for two preparatory acts that link with the theoretical setting of our study and confirm that: the more we multiply the preparatory acts the more we succeed the behavioural change. Better the fact of identifying that what we are doing is positive help one part of the public increasing their initial commitment. That is the principle of action of identification