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Academic literature on the topic 'Marais filtrants'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Marais filtrants"
Lévesque, Vicky. "Potentiel des marais filtrants à traiter les effluents de serre issus d'une culture de tomate." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28453/28453.pdf.
Full textGruyer, Nicolas. "Traitement biologique des effluents de serre par des marais filtrants artificiels et des bioréacteurs passifs." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28986/28986.pdf.
Full textOuertani, Selmene. "Effet de l'ajout de biochar sur les microorganismes des marais filtrants artificiels traitant des effluents de serre." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66853.
Full textRecently, the use of constructed wetlands (CWs), which form a biological and passive system of wastewater treatment, has been proposed as an alternative to conventional treatments of greenhouse effluents. The performance of CWs can be improved by the enrichment of their substrates with various products affecting their microbial communities, thus reducing the impact of some related problems such as the release of greenhouse gases. Biochar, which is the product of biomass pyrolysis, is used as an amendment in the soil. However, the consequences of its use with substrates in wastewater treatment systems such as CWs are little known until today. The objectives of this thesis were (1) to evaluate the effect of a biochar on the diversity and activity of microorganisms in CWs, (2) to evaluate the effect of biochar on the efficiency of CWs to reduce pesticides in greenhouse effluents, (3) to evaluate the effect of biochar on microorganisms in CWs in the presence of pesticides, and finally (4) to assess the effect of using water treated in CWs as irrigation water on tomato growth and rhizosphere microbial diversity. The obtained results demonstrated that biochar did not have a major effect on the composition of bacterial populations in CWs substrates and effluents. However, biochar affected the expression rate of several key genes in CWs functioning, including those involved in the release of greenhouse gases. Also, the use of CWs s treated waters to grow tomato plants in hydroponic crops did not present any physiological or microbiological risk to tomato plants. In fact, plant growth-promoting bacteria such as Flavobacterium, Rhizobium, Azospirillum and Pseudomonas were detected in abundance in the rhizosphere of tomato plants. Finally, in the presence of pesticides, biochar showed a protective effect on the microbial communities of CWs and thus makes it possible to maintain CWs performance in reducing pollutant loads in greenhouse effluents. However, the effect of biochar on CWs performance in reducing pesticides is specific to the type of pesticide. This work highlights the utility of biochar in improving the functioning of CWs and in circumventing some of their disadvantages such as the release of greenhouse gases. The feasibility and the importance of the valorization of water treated by CWs was also demonstrated.
Liu, Ling. "La selection d'un milieu filtrant utilisé dans un marais artificiel pour la déphosphatation des eaux usées municipales /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1996. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textMorteau, Bertrand. "Développement d'un système de traitement des eaux de ruissellement routier par marais épurateur adapté et lit filtrant réactif." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25186.
Full textRoad runoff is a worldwide problematic, mainly due to metals and hydrocarbon released by cars. Certain Nordic countries like Canada add other contaminants to this chemical mixture by spreading de-icing salts on their roads during winter. With the goal of treating high salt concentration road runoff, it has been proposed to use a constructed wetland coupled with a packed bed filter. Halophytic plants (plants able to accumulate salts) have been suggested as the constructed wetland vegetation. The packed bed filter would be filled with calcite, a phosphorus adsorbant material. The first objective of this thesis was to determine the feasibility of a treatment by constructed wetlands with halophytic plants. Our methodology consisted in evaluating the optimal conditions (1) for the growth of the selected species (Atriplex patula, Salicornia europaea, Spergularia canadensis and Typha augustifolia) and (2) for NaCl accumulation. Those results have been used to design 16 pilot tests by our laboratory. The second objective was to study the phosphorus adsorption capability of calcite as a function of the initial phosphorus concentration, time, temperature and the presence of metals. Adsorption was then tested in column tests. Constructed wetland pilots resulted in chloride and sodium reduction rates from 0 to 97 % depending on the species. The calcite presented adsorptions of active phosphorus up to 1.7 P/g mg of calcite. The results of the column tests allowed a 64 % removal of phosphorus. Saturation of calcite has been reached in a few hours. Treatment could be improved on a large scale device. It is recommended to place the packed bed filter after the MECA and to the follow the design parameters: 1) nutrition complement in the substrate, 2) water level close to the soil surface, 3) a residence time of one week and 4) different basins to be able to optimize the phytoremediation capabilities of the selected species. Packed bed filter should have a residence time of two hours and a calcite of 0.317 cm granulometry. Suggestions for future research to improve treatment system are presented in the conclusion section.
Gagnon, Vincent. "Effet de l’espèce de plante en marais filtrants artificiels selon la saison, le type de marais filtrant et la nature des polluants." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8825.
Full textConstructed wetlands (CWs) are commonly used to treat municipal wastewater, but they can also handle a wide range of effluents by using different types of CWs and under a variety of climatic conditions. Plants play a central role in CWs, but it is still unknown if the presence of plants or the choice of the species have the same influence under different conditions. In this study, I evaluated the influence of the presence and the species of plants under two very different conditions: 1) treatment of hydroponic wastewater by a horizontal flow CW in winter conditions, 2) sludge treatment by a vertical flow CW in summer conditions.
Cette thèse a été codirigée par le Dr. Florent Chazarenc
Abas, Khalil. "Optimisation des marais filtrants pour l’abattement du pesticide chlorantraniliprole du ruissellement agricole." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25622.
Full textOver the past decades, a wide variety of emergent pesticides, such as chlorantraniliprole (CAP), have been introduced despite the lack of in-depth knowledge of their ecotoxicological risk. Treatment wetlands (TWs) are environmentally friendly and sustainable technologies that have shown great potential to mitigate common agricultural pollutants, such as pesticides in runoff. The objective of this study was to optimize the use of the horizontal subsurface flow treatment wetlands (HSSF TWs) by determining a) the effect of biochar amendment to the substrate and b) the performance of three species of macrophytes (Phragmites australis subsp. americanus, Scirpus cyperinus and Sporobolus michauxianus) in CAP removal from agricultural runoff. The removal efficiency was calculated using the mass balance method in mature HSSF mesocosms fed with synthetic agricultural runoff containing CAP for a period of one month. Mesocosms with the addition of biochar were very effective in removing CAP (90-99%) and remained so throughout the experimental period. This efficiency is likely due to the high adsorption capacity of biochar, although this mechanism has not been directly measured. In contrast, CAP removal in mesocosms planted without biochar was low and limited and there was no difference between species, although there were differences in their above-ground biomass and their evapotranspiration (ET) rate. However, the planted mesocosms acted as buffer zones, reducing the CAP mass of the influent and slowly releasing it into the discharge. The ET rate of S. cyperinus and P. australis was higher than that of S. michauxianus, resulting in a better buffering effect. This study suggests that adding biochar to the HSSF TW substrate is promising for CAP attenuation in agricultural runoff, but their long-term effectiveness remains to be investigated. Nevertheless, TWs should be used as a complementary tool, as part of wider actions aimed at reducing the pressure of pollutants on aquatic ecosystems.
Maltais-Landry, Gabriel. "Le cycle de l'azote de marais filtrants artificiels : potentiel d'émission de gaz à effet de serre (GES) et exportation de formes azotées." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8125.
Full textDemers, Emmanuelle. "Effet des macrophytes aquatiques sur le traitement d’eau contaminée à l’ACC et au PCP." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11985.
Full textThe main objective of this project is to evaluate the capacity of a combined constructed wetland system to treat a leachate polluted with two wood preservatives-chromium copper arsenate (CCA) and pentachlorophenol (PCP)- according a particular importance to the role of plants. The effect of the exposure concentration on four macrophytes species (Typha angustifolia, Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites australis americanus and Phragmites australis australis) was evaluated using a pot experiment. Four HSSF pilot constructed wetlands, planted with one of these plants species, were monitored. The role of an HSSF constructed wetland, planted with willow (Salix Miyabeana SX67), placed at the end of the treatment chain was also assessed. The plants growth and survival and their bioaccumulation capacity were measured, and the system treatment efficiencies were monitored. There was no effect of the concentration on plants growth but the higher exposure concentration resulted in a higher bioaccumulation in the roots of the four macrophytes. All four pilots CW showed treatment efficiencies superior to 55% in 2013 and to 82% in 2014 for the pollutants tested. The willows CW have the theorical capacity to evapotranspirate up to 1200 L of water. Its treatments efficiencies were over 59% for all the pollutants tested. A combined constructed wetland system is a good alternative to conventional methods to treat a leachate polluted with wood preservatives.
Rodriguez, Mariana. "Influence of plant species and richness on pollutant removal in treatment wetlands." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11932.
Full textTreatment wetlands (TWs) are complex engineered ecosystems designed to remove pollutants from wastewater. In selecting plant species for TWs, the use of polycultures as well as the choice of local non-invasive species is increasingly recommended. However, to date, the majority of TWs have been planted in monoculture using invasive species, probably because the performance of native species and the possible advantages associated with plant diversity have not been clearly demonstrated. The research questions of my thesis are: Are polycultures as good as or better than monocultures for pollutant removal, and could a native species be as efficient as an exotic invasive species in TWs? Three experiments were performed to answer this question. The influence of plant richness on pollutant removal was tested in two mesocosm experiments: 1) comparing two emergent plant species in monoculture and planted in sequence, and 2) evaluating four free-floating species, each in monoculture versus pairs of species (all possible combinations) and the four species planted together. A third experiment was carried out to compare the removal efficiency of the invasive European haplotype of common reed (Phragmites australis) and the native non-invasive subspecies (P. australis subsp. americanus). Plant species composition influenced the performance of TWs. The comparison of the performance of monocultures versus polycultures showed that, overall, TWs planted with a combination of species were as efficient as monocultures of the best performing species. Comparing the performance of native and invasive P. australis strongly suggests that the native could replace the invasive species in TWs, thereby avoiding possible environmental risks without compromising treatment efficiency. The promising results of the native P. australis subspecies need to be further tested in full-scale experiments in order to encourage the use of this species in TWs. The results obtained comparing plant species combinations suggest that under circumstances in which the performance of available macrophytes is unknown or cannot be determined, using a mixture of species offers the best chances of achieving the highest possible level of pollutant removal. Furthermore, it has been suggested that plant diversity contributes to TWs in terms of their resilience to stress and disease.