Academic literature on the topic 'Marasmus'
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Journal articles on the topic "Marasmus"
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Abiodun, Ph O., and I. N. Olomu. "Alpha2 HS‐Glycoprotein Levels in Children with Protein‐Energy Malnutrition and Infections." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 6, no. 2 (March 1987): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1987.tb09284.x.
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SummarySerum alpha2 HS‐glycoprotein levels were studied, using the single‐radial immunodiffusion method, in 39 severely malnourished children (22 kwashiorkor, 17 marasmus) of whom 15 (8 kwashiorkor, 7 marasmus) were infected and 24 (14 kwashiorkor, 10 marasmus) had no signs of infection. Thirty‐two well‐nourished children, 16 of whom were infected, served as controls. The uninfected controls had higher serum alpha2 HS‐glycoprotein levels than the uninfected kwashiorkor (82.0 ± 14.7; 57.0 ± 15.8; p < 0.001) and marasmic children (82.0 ± 14.7; 45.0 ± 13.9; p < 0.001). Infection was associated with a significant decrease in the mean serum alpha2 HS‐glycoprotein levels in the well‐nourished (82.0 ± 14.7; 57.0 ± 7.7; p < 0.001) and kwashiorkor (57.0 ± 15.8; 34.0 ± 20.4; p < 0.02) children, while no such decrease was observed in the marasmic children. While the mean serum glycoprotein level in the infected controls was higher than that in the infected kwashiorkor children (57.0 ± 7.7; 34.0 ± 20.4; p < 0.02), it was comparable to that in the infected marasmic children (57.0 ± 7.7; 50.0 ± 11.6; p > 0.05). Furthermore, the mean alpha2 HS‐glycoprotein level in the infected malnourished children was higher in marasmus than in kwashiorkor (50.0 ± 11.6; 34.0 ± 20.4; p > 0.05); this difference was, however, not statistically significant. It is suggested that the lower level of alpha2‐HS glycoprotein observed in children with kwashiorkor, both in the presence and absence of infection, might be a contributory factor in the impairment of the host defense mechanisms in these children with consequent higher morbidity and mortality from infection as compared to well‐nourished and marasmic children.
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Barltrop, D., and B. K. Sandhu. "Marasmus--1985." Postgraduate Medical Journal 61, no. 720 (October 1, 1985): 915–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.61.720.915.
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Onyemelukwe, GC, D. Ogoina, GE Ibiam, and GH Ogbadu. "Aflatoxins in body fluids and food of Nigeria children with protein-energy malnutrition." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 12, no. 53 (August 3, 2012): 6553–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.53.10420.
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Aflatoxins are natural contaminants of food crops implicated in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. This study aimed to determine the associations between aflatoxins and protein- energy malnutrition ( PEM) by measurements of aflatoxins in serum, urine and food on plate of Nigerian children with PEM. A cross - sectional study was undertaken in 3 agro - ecological regions of Nigeria (Guinea savannah, Sudan savannah and Rain forest), where aflatoxins B1 , B2, G1, G2, M1, and M2 were measured in sera, urine and food on plate of 79 children with PEM (kwashiorkor n=36, marasmic kwashiorkor n=29 and marasmus n=13) and 33 healthy controls, matched for age and sex. Among healthy controls, aflatoxin detection rates were higher in the Guinea Savannah (72.2%) than in the Sudan Savannah (53.8%), albeit statistically insignificant. In relation to nutritional groups, the rates of detection of aflatoxins were higher in marasmic kwashiorkor (93.1%) and kwashiorkor patients (88.9%) , compared to marasmus (76.9%) and controls (63.6%, p=0.013). The rates of detection of B1 aflatoxin followed a similar trend viz. marasmic kwashiorkor (82.4%), kwashiorkor (69.4%), marasmus (53.8%) and controls (42.4%, p=0.007). Of all types of aflatoxins detected in serum, M2 had the highest rates of detection in all patient groups and controls. The median concentrations of aflatoxins detected in sera of each PEM group were significantly higher than those of controls, but comparisons between PEM groups were not statistically significant. The frequency and concentration of aflatoxins detected in urine and food of PEM groups and controls were not statistically different. However, controls had the lowest serum / urine aflatoxin ratio as well as lowest median aflatoxins concentrations in their food as compared to PEM patient s. In conclusion, aflatoxins are commonly detected in the body fluids and food of Nigerian children , but more frequently and at higher concentrations in children with PEM , possibly due to decreased excretion or increased exposure. Future prospective studies are desirable to determine if aflatoxins contribute to the pathogenesis of all types of PEM and not necessarily kwashiorkor alone.
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Malde, Dr Triya, Dr Gaurang Pabani, Dr Mohmmad Shahid M. Mirza, and Dr Om Prakash Shukla. "Screening for fecal occult blood loss in severely malnourished children." Pediatric Review: International Journal of Pediatric Research 7, no. 8 (December 19, 2020): 420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17511/ijpr.2020.i08.05.
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Introduction: PEM is the most important and basic hurdle in the triple-M complex of malnutrition,morbidity, and mortality. Very high mortality has been reported in severe PEM. PEM is found toaccount for about 4 million deaths in children. The study aimed to perform a fecal occult blood testin patients in the age group of six months to five years and also to identify the conditions associatedwith fecal occult blood loss in pem patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 indoor patientsof PEM admitted in our pediatric ward were taken as subjects in this study. According to WHO andIAP classification of PEM, severe malnutrition (marasmus, kwashiorkor, and marasmic kwashiorkor)were taken as study group; and mild grades of PEM (grade I and grade II) were taken as a controlgroup. Results: In severe PEM, marasmus (83%) was more common followed by kwashiorkor(14%) and marasmic kwashiorkor (3%); however in mild grades of PEM, grade I PEM was found in58% and grade II PEM was found in 42%. In severe PEM, pallor (64%), hair changes (38%), andtachypnoea(31%) were major clinical signs; while tachypnoea(36%), dehydration (26%), and pallor(20%} were major clinical signs in patients with mild grades of PEM. Conclusion: A positive fecaloccult blood test (FOBT) is strongly associated with moderate to severe anemia in severe PEMpatients. So all patients having a positive FOBT should have a hemogram profile done and thenappropriately treated for anemia.
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Malde, Dr Triya, Dr Gaurang Pabani, Dr Mohmmad Shahid M. Mirza, and Dr Om Prakash Shukla. "Screening for fecal occult blood loss in severely malnourished children." Pediatric Review: International Journal of Pediatric Research 7, no. 8 (December 19, 2020): 420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17511/ijpr.2020.i08.05.
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Introduction: PEM is the most important and basic hurdle in the triple-M complex of malnutrition,morbidity, and mortality. Very high mortality has been reported in severe PEM. PEM is found toaccount for about 4 million deaths in children. The study aimed to perform a fecal occult blood testin patients in the age group of six months to five years and also to identify the conditions associatedwith fecal occult blood loss in pem patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 indoor patientsof PEM admitted in our pediatric ward were taken as subjects in this study. According to WHO andIAP classification of PEM, severe malnutrition (marasmus, kwashiorkor, and marasmic kwashiorkor)were taken as study group; and mild grades of PEM (grade I and grade II) were taken as a controlgroup. Results: In severe PEM, marasmus (83%) was more common followed by kwashiorkor(14%) and marasmic kwashiorkor (3%); however in mild grades of PEM, grade I PEM was found in58% and grade II PEM was found in 42%. In severe PEM, pallor (64%), hair changes (38%), andtachypnoea(31%) were major clinical signs; while tachypnoea(36%), dehydration (26%), and pallor(20%} were major clinical signs in patients with mild grades of PEM. Conclusion: A positive fecaloccult blood test (FOBT) is strongly associated with moderate to severe anemia in severe PEMpatients. So all patients having a positive FOBT should have a hemogram profile done and thenappropriately treated for anemia.
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Nikiforov, M. V., and A. A. Korolev. "Peculiarities of Trophological Status in Victims of Emergencies with Long Consciousness Impairment Due to Craniocerebral Injury." Disaster Medicine, no. 2 (June 2021): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33266/2070-1004-2021-2-50-54.
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The aim of the study was to investigate peculiarities of trophological status, to identify prevalence, severity and types of trophological insufficiency and to analyze the effect of infectious complications on the severity of protein-energy malnutrition in victims of emergency situations with long-term impairment of consciousness due to traumatic brain injury. Materials and research methods. The study involved 126 victims of various age groups, who underwent primary screening using NRS-2002 scale, indicators of trophological status and the effect of infectious complications on the severity of protein-energy malnutrition were assessed. Research results and their analysis. Screening showed a high risk of malnutrition in all patients. Indicators of trophological status were less than the reference values. In all age groups, both men and women, moderate protein-energy malnutrition prevailed (82.5%). For young patients, marasmus (64.6%) and marasmic kwashiorkor (34.3%) were most typical. The trophological status of the victims – regardless of the severity and in more than half of the cases – was represented by marasmus and, less often, by kwashiorkor. Patients with infectious complications had a high risk of moderate and severe protein-energy malnutrition development, p <0.001.
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Fattah, Mohammed Abdel. "LIPID METABOLISM IN MARASMUS." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition 27, no. 2 (August 1998): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005176-199808000-00125.
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Fattah, Mohammed Abdel. "LIPID METABOLISM IN MARASMUS." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 27, no. 2 (August 1998): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1998.tb01247.x.
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Gultie, Teklemariam, Desta Mebrahtu, and Girum Sebsibie. "Retrospective Assessment of Malnutrition among Under-five Children in Ayder Referral Hospital, Tigray Ethiopia." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v4i2.4714.
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Currently worldwide there are about 60 million children with moderate acute and 13 million with severe acute malnutrition. About 9% of sub-Saharan African and 15%of south Asian children have moderate acute malnutrition and about 2% of children in developing countries have severe acute malnutrition. The objective of aim the study was<strong> </strong>to assess the magnitude of malnutrition in under five children in Ayder referral hospital using a retrospective cross-sectional study design. This study showed that male children, 168(58.1%), were higher than female, 121(41.9%).. Majority, 133(46%), were in the age group b/n 12 to 24 months .More than half, 186(64.4%) were rural dwellers. The types of malnutrition identified were Marasmus, kwashiorkor, Marasmic kwash and underweight which account for 116(40.1%), 69(23.9%), 54(18.7%) and 50(17.5%) respectively. Marasmus was the predominant type of malnutrition in all age groups of under five malnourished children with prevalence of 40.1% where as underweight was the prevalent type of malnutrition (17.3%). More over the infant feeding practices such as exclusive breast feeding, timely initiation of complementary feeding, and having history of breast feeding once in their life during infancy were relatively higher among the children as compared with other studies.
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Gultie, Teklemariam, Desta Mebrahtu, and Girum Sebsibie. "Retrospective Assessment of Malnutrition among Under-five Children in Ayder Referral Hospital, Tigray Ethiopia." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/.v4i2.4714.
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Currently worldwide there are about 60 million children with moderate acute and 13 million with severe acute malnutrition. About 9% of sub-Saharan African and 15%of south Asian children have moderate acute malnutrition and about 2% of children in developing countries have severe acute malnutrition. The objective of aim the study was<strong> </strong>to assess the magnitude of malnutrition in under five children in Ayder referral hospital using a retrospective cross-sectional study design. This study showed that male children, 168(58.1%), were higher than female, 121(41.9%).. Majority, 133(46%), were in the age group b/n 12 to 24 months .More than half, 186(64.4%) were rural dwellers. The types of malnutrition identified were Marasmus, kwashiorkor, Marasmic kwash and underweight which account for 116(40.1%), 69(23.9%), 54(18.7%) and 50(17.5%) respectively. Marasmus was the predominant type of malnutrition in all age groups of under five malnourished children with prevalence of 40.1% where as underweight was the prevalent type of malnutrition (17.3%). More over the infant feeding practices such as exclusive breast feeding, timely initiation of complementary feeding, and having history of breast feeding once in their life during infancy were relatively higher among the children as compared with other studies.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Marasmus"
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Pham, Thi Phuong Thao. "Caractérisation du microbiote intestinal des enfants atteints de la malnutrition aigüe sévère." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0583.
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La distinction entre kwashiorkor et marasme a été remise en question depuis longtemps. Comprendre les mécanismes pathophysiologiques distincts de la malnutrition sévère ouvrira les portes de nouvelles options thérapeutiques. Dans cette thèse, des échantillons fécaux prélevés chez 17 enfants atteints de malnutrition aigüe sévère ont été testées par culturomics et séquençage métagénomique 16S pour examiner les différences du microbiote intestinal. Les méta-analyses sont effectués pour fournir des caractéristiques cohérentes et reproductibles qui différencient kwashiorkor et marasme. Il existe un gradient qui représentait une diminution prédominante de la diversité d’anaérobie chez le kwashiorkor par rapport au marasme. Ce résultat concordait avec les gradients observés dans la littérature, y compris la déplétion d'albumine, de transferrine, de zinc, de cuivre et de vitamine A, qui étaient toutes connues pour leur activité antioxydante. En particulier, la diminution du glutathion et l’infiltration graisseuse dans le foie ont été observées uniquement chez les kwashiorkor. De plus, toutes les espèces potentiellement pathogènes ont été enrichies dans les cas de kwashiorkor. D'autre part, notre méta-analyse a montré que les antibiotiques avaient un effet efficace sur la survie des enfants kwashiorkor mais n'ont pas d’effet sur la survie des enfants marasme. En conclusion, les résultats ont fourni une base biologique pour l’utilisation des antibiotiques avant la renutrition, l’utilisation des antioxydants pour favoriser les bactéries anaérobies de l'intestin mais également l’application des mélanges probiotiques afin de restaurer un microbiote intestinal anaérobie sainThe distinction between kwashiorkor and marasmus has long been questioned. Understanding the distinct pathophysiological mechanisms of severe malnutrition will open the door to new therapeutic options. In this thesis, faecal samples from 17 children with severe acute malnutrition were tested by culturomics and 16S metagenomics sequencing to examine differences in the intestinal microbiota. Meta-analysis are performed to provide consistent and reproducible characteristics that differentiate kwashiorkor from marasmus. There is a gradient that represented a predominant depletion in anaerobic diversity in kwashiorkor compared to marasmus. This result was consistent with the gradients observed in the literature, including depletion in albumin, transferrin, zinc, copper and vitamin A, all of which were known for their antioxidant activity. In particular, glutathione reduction and fatty liver were observed only in kwashiorkor. In addition, all potentially pathogenic species were enriched in the case of kwashiorkor. On the other hand, our meta-analysis showed that antibiotics have an effective effect on the survival of Kwashiorkor children but have no effect on the survival of Marasmus children. In conclusion, the results provided a biological basis for the use of antibiotics before renutrition, the use of antioxidants to promote anaerobic bacteria in the intestine but also the application of probiotic mixtures to restore a healthy anaerobic intestinal microbiota
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Leite, Saulo Nani. "Fototerapia como estímulo à cicatrização de úlceras cutâneas em ratos nutridos e desnutridos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/82/82131/tde-01092010-095454/.
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O estudo avaliou a influência de diversas formas de fototerapia na cicatrização de úlceras cutâneas de ratos nutridos e desnutridos (desnutrição induzida). No 1º experimento, de 60 ratos Wistar sob controle dietético, 30 foram selecionados aleatoriamente, recebendo metade da dieta diária para indução de desnutrição (marasmo), confirmada pela perda de massa corporal, sinais clínicos e dosagem de albumina sérica. Os animais nutridos (N) e desnutridos (D) foram distribuídos em grupos (n=10) conforme tratamento fototerápico, a saber: aparelhos desligados (LED e laser - sham) e ligados (4 LED\'s 660 nm e 32 LED\'s 890 nm, 500 mW; e laser HeNe 632,8 nm, 3 mW), sendo designados GNS, GNL, GNH, GDS, GDL e GDH, respectivamente. Duas úlceras cutâneas foram realizadas com punch 8 mm e irradiadas 3 vezes por semana durante 14 dias. Os programas LAS e Photoshop foram utilizados para análise histológica (HE) da espessura da pele após o período de desnutrição, e o ImageJ para análise das imagens e cálculo do índice de cicatrização das úlceras no 7º e 14º dias, além da análise histológica (tricrômio de Gomori) para avaliação da colagênese após a desnutrição e no 14º pós-operatório. No 2º experimento 30 ratos receberam dieta controle e 30 receberam dieta normoprotéica associada à proteína de baixa qualidade (gelatina) para induzir desnutrição. A distribuição dos animais em grupos foi semelhante ao experimento 1, porém utilizando o aparelho de laser de diodo (L1 660 nm e L2 808 nm, 100 mW), sendo designados GNS, GNL1, GNL2, GDS, GDL1 e GDL2, respectivamente. A confirmação da desnutrição, o procedimento cirúrgico, protocolo de tratamento e as análises de imagens e histológicas seguiram a mesma metodologia do experimento 1. Os resultados do experimento 1 mostraram que após o período de desnutrição, a espessura da derme dos animais desnutridos apresentou-se menor (p<0,0001) em relação aos nutridos, assim como o percentual da ) colagênese (p<0,0005). No 7º dia pós-operatório as úlceras do GDS apresentaram menores ICU\'s em relação aos GNS (p<0,01), GDL (p<0,001) e GDH (p<0,05). No 14º dia, as úlceras do GNS apresentaram maiores ICU\'s em relação ao GNH e GDS (p<0,05) e GDH (p<0,01), assim como as do GDL em relação ao GDH (p<0,05). Histologicamente, o GDS apresentou menor percentual de colágeno em relação ao GNS (p<0,05), GNH, GDL e GDH (p<0,01). Os resultados do experimento 2 mostraram que após a desnutrição, a espessura da derme dos animais desnutridos apresentou-se menor (p<0,0001) em relação aos nutridos, assim como o percentual da colagênese (p<0,03). No 7º dia, as úlceras do GDS apresentaram menores ICU\'s em relação aos demais grupos (p<0,001). No 14º dia não houve diferença entre os grupos (p<0,05). Histologicamente, o GDS apresentou menor percentual de colágeno que os demais grupos (p<0,001), e os grupos desnutridos tratados com laser apresentaram maior percentual de colágeno que os demais grupos (p<0,001). Os resultados evidenciaram a influência negativa da desnutrição na cicatrização, e que as diversas formas de fototerapia apresentaram efeito bioestimulador na cicatrização e colagênese nas úlceras cutâneas de ratos desnutridos em comparação à cicatrização natural e fotoestimulada nos grupos nutridos.The study evaluated the influence of various forms of phototherapy in the healing of cutaneous wounds in nourished and undernourished rats (induced malnutrition). In the 1st experiment, from 60 rats under control diet, 30 were randomly selected to receive half of the daily diet for induction of malnutrition (marasmus), confirmed by loss of body weight, clinical signs and serum albumin. Nourished (N) and undernourished (U) animals have been distributed into groups (n=10) according phototherapic treatment, viz: off devices (LED and laser - sham) and on devices (4 LEDs 660 nm, 32 LEDs 890 nm, 500 mW, and HeNe laser 632.8 nm, 3 mW) and they were designed GNS, GNL, GNH, GUS, GUL and GUH, respectively. Two 8mm dorsal cutaneous wounds were punched and irradiated 3 times per week for 14 days. LAS and Photoshop softwares were used for histological analysis (HE) of the skin thickness after malnutrition time, and ImageJ for analysis of images to calculate the wound healing rate in 7th and 14th days, besides the histological analysis (Gomori trichrome) to calculate the colagenesis after the malnutrition time and in 14th post operative day. In the 2nd experiment 30 rats have received control diet and 30 received normal protein diet associated of low quality protein (gelatin) to induce malnutrition. The distribution of animals in groups was similar to experiment 1, but using a diode laser device (L1 660 nm and L2 808nm, 100 mW) and they were designed GNS, GNL1, GNL2, GDS, GDL1 and GDL2 respectively. The malnutrition status, the surgical proceeding, the protocol for treatment and analysis of histological images followed the same methods used in experiment 1. The results of experiment 1 showed that after malnutrition time, the thickness of the dermis in the undernourished animals was lower (p<0.0001) than nourished even as the percentage of coallagenesis (p<0.0005). In the 7th post operative day the wound healing rates were lower in the GUS than GNS (p<0.01), GUL (p<0.001) and GUH (p<0.05). In the 14th day, the WHRs were higher in the GNS than GNH, GUS (p<0.05) and GUH (p<0.05). Histologically, the GUS showed lower percentage of collagen than GNS (p<0.05), GNH, GUL and GUH (p<0.01). In experiment 2, the results showed that after malnutrition time, the thickness of the dermis of the undernourished animals was lower (p<0.0001) than nourished, as well as the percentage of collagenesis (p<0.03). In the 7th day, the WHRs were lower in the GUS than other groups (p<0.001). In 14th day there was no difference between groups (p<0.05). Histologically, the GUS presented lower percentage of collagen than the other groups (p<0.001), and the undernourished group treated with laser presented higher percentage of collagen than other groups (p<0.001). The results showed the negative influence of the malnutrition in the wound healing and that the various kinds of phototherapy presented biostimulator effect in the cutaneous wound healing and collagenesis in undernourished rats as compared to natural and photostimulated healing in the nourished groups.
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Dedeyan, Boghos. "Purification et caractérisation des Laccases de Marasmius Quercophillus." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30041.
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Marasmius quercophilus est un champignon de pourriture blanche, appartenant a la classe des basidiomycetes, qui se developpe sur des litieres de chene vert. Une souche de cette espece avait ete isolee, prealablement a ce travail, pour ses proprietes ligninolytiques et plus particulierement pour son activite enzymatique de type laccase detectee dans les milieux de culture apres croissance. Ce travail de these a eu pour but de purifier jusqu'a homogeneite, essentiellement par chromatographie d'echange d'ions, de filtration et d'affinite, les trois laccases secretees par cette souche. L'obtention des trois enzymes pures a permis une caracterisation complete de la laccase majoritaire, laccase 1, et une identification partielle des laccases 2 et 3. Ces laccases sont des glycoproteines monomeriques de masse molaire relative comprise entre 63 et 67 kda, presentant un point isoelectrique acide. Pour la laccase 1, les compositions en acides amines de la proteine et en sucres de la fraction glycosylee, ainsi que la structure primaire de l'extremite n-terminale ont ete determinees ; elles sont comparables a celles de laccases synthetisees par d'autres especes de champignons. Les parametres cinetiques etablis avec la syringaldazine, substrat specifique des laccases fongiques, montrent que la laccase 1 presente la plus grande affinite pour ce substrat. Enfin, les trois laccases purifiees sont capables d'une part de transformer les monomeres constitutifs de la lignine et, d'autre part, de degrader un ligninosulfonate de sodium de haut poids moleculaire.
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Ditebo, Gaeboloke Precious. "Malnutrition in children : the perceptions of mothers in Botswana." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31170.
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Malnutrition is one of the serious childhood problems that affect children under five (5) years of age, and is common in developing countries Botswana included. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of mothers of children diagnosed with malnutrition in Botswana, specifically at Sekgoma Memorial Hospital, Serowe. The said hospital is a district hospital which renders services to Serowe community and the surrounding villages, as such; participants in this study were from Serowe and other surrounding villages like Mabou, Tshimoyapula, Mmashoro and Mogorosi. Applied research was used as a type of research because it is associated with the researcher’s motivation to assist in solving a particular problem facing a particular community. Collective case study was used as a research design. The researcher explored the perceptions of mothers regarding child malnutrition; through the use of semi-structured interviews. Twelve (12) mothers of children with malnutrition were interviewed using systematic random sampling method and subsequently data was analysed according to Creswell’s model. Literature study was done and the following aspects were discussed: Child malnutrition in developing countries; child malnutrition in Botswana; description of child malnutrition; causes of child malnutrition; symptoms of child malnutrition; treatment of child malnutrition; prevention of child malnutrition; psychosocial implications of child malnutrition on the patient, family and community and social work intervention (therapy and prevention). Literature was also compared with research findings when analysing data. The study revealed that mothers had limited knowledge on malnutrition as a condition, the signs and symptoms thereof; causes; prevention and treatment of child malnutrition. This lack of knowledge made mothers to have wrong perceptions about child malnutrition. It was revealed that mothers did not perceive malnutrition as a serious problem that can result in admission for treatment in a hospital, they expected a different diagnosis. They perceive malnutrition as a secondary diagnosis. The majority of mothers had a Setswana diagnosis for their children’s condition. Mothers perceived the signs and symptoms of malnutrition as those of Thibamo, Phogwana (fontanel), or Ntsana. They interpret malnutrition as a Setswana ailment that can be treated traditionally. Factors that were identified to be contributing to malnutrition among children at Sekgoma Memorial Hospital in Serowe were found to be; lack of knowledge about malnutrition, wrong perceptions of malnutrition by mothers, illiteracy and unemployment, and cultural factors like taking a child to a traditional healer instead of a medical health facility. The study shows that mothers’ social functioning is disrupted by their children’s illness and hospitalization and thus a need for support from the hospital multi-disciplinary team, especially the social worker who is a trained counselor. The social worker should provide ongoing supportive counseling during the process of the child’s illness.Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Social Work and Criminology
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Eleonora, Bošković. "Molekularni i morfološki diverzitet populacija gljiva rodova Marasmius Fr. 1836, Mycetinis Earle 1909 i Gymnopus (Pers.) Gray 1821 u šumskim ekosistemima Nacionalnih parkova Srbije i Crne Gore." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=110997&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Ciljevi istraživanje ove doktorske disertacije bili su određivanje makroskopskih i mikroskopskih karakteristika plodonosnih tela analiziranih vrsta roda Marasmius, Gymnopus i Mycetinis i njhove varijabilnosti između populacija, određivanje uticaja klimatskih faktora na varijabilnost morfoloških karaktera, određivanje brojnosti i rasprostranjenja jedinki na odabranim lokalitetima u okviru Nacionalnih parkova Srbije i Crne Gore (Kopaonik, Stara planina, Biogradska gora) koristeći ISSR metodu, kao i određivanje osnovnih populaciono-genetičkih parametara i analizafilogenetskih odnosa u okviru roda Marasmius. Kod vrste M. alliaceus utvrđeno je da se na osnovu morfoloških karaktera populacija sa Stare planine delimično izdvaja, dok je kod populacije Biogradska gora uočena najveća heterogenost u ispitivanim karakterima. Kod vrste G. androsaceus uočeno je da nema jasnog izdvajanja populacija, odnosno ispitivane populacije su pokazale heterogenost u ispitivanim morfološkim karakterima. Uočena je statistički značajna (p < 0.05) korelacija između morfoloških karaktera i faktora sredine kod obe analizirane vrste M. alliaceus i G. androsaceus. Određivanjem broja i veličine geneta ISSR metodom u populacijama vrsta M. alliaceus, M. rotula i G. androsaceus utvrđeno je da ove vrste formiraju relativno male genete (od nekoliko desetina centimetara do 15m) koji se nalaze u relativnoj blizini jedni od drugih (nekoliko metara). Određivanjem parametara molekularnog diverziteta (AMOVA, Fst) kod populacija vrsta M. alliaceus i G. androsaceus utvrđeno je da su populacije obe ispitivane vrste značajno genetičkidiferencirane (Fst vrednosti veće od 0.25) odnosno da postoji mali protok gena između njih.Filogenetska analiza ITS + LSU i ITS + LSU + EF-1ɑ sekvenci u ovom radu, podržava trenutno prihvaćeno grupisanje Evropskih vrsta roda Marasmius u sekcije na osnovu makro- i mikromorfoloških karaktera. Međutim, dobijeni rezultati ne podržavaju u potpunosti grupisanje nižih infrageneričkih kategorija (podsekcija i serija). Takođe, podsekcijska klasifikacija evropskih Marasmius vrsta analiziranih u ovom radu ne predstavlja monofiletske linije.The goals of this doctoral thesis were to determine the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the fruit bodies of the genus Marasmius, Gymnopus and Mycetinis and their variability among populations, determining the influence of climatic factors on the morphological variability of fruit bodies,determining the number and distribution of individuals at selected sites within the National Parks of Serbia and Montenegro (Kopaonik, Stara Planina, Biogradska Gora) using the ISSR method, as well as determining basic population -genetic parameters and analysis of phylogenetic relations within the genus Marasmius.For the species M. alliaceus, it has been determined that the population of Stara planina is partially isolated, while the population of Biogradska gora has the highest heterogeneity in the investigated morphological characters. For the species G.androsaceus it was noticed that there was no clear segregation of populations, thus the investigated populations showed heterogeneity in the examined morphological characters. A statistically significant (p<0.05) correlation between morphological and environmental factors in both analyzed species M. alliaceus and G. androsaceus was observed. Determination of the number and size of the genets by ISSR method in populations of species M. alliaceus, M. rotula and G.androsaceus, showed that these species form relatively small genes (from few centimeters to 15 meters) located in relative proximity to each other (several meters ). By determining molecular diversity parameters (AMOVA, Fst) in populations of species M. alliaceus and G. androsaceus it has been found that the populations of both investigated species are significantly genetically differentiated (Fst values greater than 0.25), ie there is a small flow of gene between them. The phylogenetic analysis of ITS + LSU and ITS + LSU + EF-1ɑ sequence datasets supports the currently accepted, morphologicaly based groupings of sections of European species of genus Marasmius. However, the results obtained in this study do not fully support the grouping of lower infra-generic categories (subsections and series). Also, the subsection classification of the European Marasmius species analyzed in this paper does not represent monophyletic lineages.
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Klonowska, Agnieszka. "Expression hétérologue de laccases du champignon Marasmius quercophilus chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30085.
Full textAbstract:
Marasmius quercophilus est un basidiomycète qui colonise la litière de chêne vert (Quercus ilex L. ). Ce champignon utilise plusieurs enzymes lui permettant de dégrader la lignine afin d'accéder à la cellulose. In vitro, il a une très forte activité d'oxydation des phénols consécutive à l'expression de plusieurs formes de laccases parmi lesquelles Lac1 est majoritaire. Ces enzymes à cuivre, utilisant l'oxygène moléculaire pour oxyder de très nombreux substrats, sont au centre de projets d'applications biotechnologiques. A partir de culture en conditions contrôlées nous avons purifié et partiellement caractérisé 3 formes de laccase autres que Lac1. Quatre membres de la famille multigénique qui code pour ces enzymes ont été clonés et séquencés. Parmi ceux-ci, lac1, le gène qui code pour la forme majoritaire, a été formellement identifié. Les ADN complémentaires correspondants à ces gènes ont été exprimés dans la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Deux d'entre eux, l'ADNc17 (lac1) et l'ADNc20, conduisent à la synthèse de laccases sécrétées et actives. .The basidiomycete Marasmius quercophilus colonizes the decaying litter of the evergreen oak (Quercus ilex L. ). This mushroom uses several enzymes to degrade lignin in order to have an access to cellulose. In vitro, it has a strong phenol oxidation activity related to the expression of several laccase isoforms among which Lac1 is predominant. Using molecular oxygen to oxidise numerous substrates, these copper enzymes are at the heart of many biotechnological projects. From controled culture conditions, we purified and partially characterized three laccase isoforms other than Lac1. Four members of the multigenic family which encodes laccases were cloned and sequenced. Among these genes, lac1, the structural gene encoding the major isoform, was formaly identified. The complementary DNA corresponding to these genes were expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two of them, cDNA17 (lac1) and cDNA20, lead to the synthesis of secreted active laccases
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Farnet, Anne-Marie. "Variabilité phénotypique et génétique chez Marasmius quercophilus, basidiomycète colonisant une litière de chêne vert." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30037.
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Cette etude constitue une premiere approche de la taxonomie de marasmius quercophilus, basidiomycete de la litiere du chene vert (quercus ilex l. ), en utilisant des criteres phenotypiques et genotypiques. Dans l'analyse phenotypique, les 36 souches recoltees sur le site de la gardiole de rians (var, france) ont ete regroupees en 11 phenons apres traitements statistiques (dendrogramme et analyse factorielle de correspondence). La nature du substratum (feuille de chene vert ou blanc, gland, bois) et la saison de recolte n'ont pas influence leur repartition. L'analyse genetique a mis en evidence une homogeneite importante au sein de cette collection. En effet, l'indice de similarite minimum obtenu a partir des donnees rapd etait de 0,71. De meme l'etude des fragments its (internal transcribed spacer) a revele des sequences identiques. L'organisation de ce genome a egalement pu etre determinee en microscopie photonique : le nombre chromosomique de base est egal a 5 (n = 5). D'autre part, cette etude a permis de decrire les potentialites enzymatiques de ce champignon de la pourriture blanche et donc son implication dans la degradation de la litiere. L'ensemble des tests enzymatiques ont demontre l'importance de son role dans cet ecosysteme puisque toutes les souches pouvaient degrader des polymeres presents chez les vegetaux : pectine, amidon, cellulose ainsi qu'un modele de lignine, l'indulin at. Dans ce dernier cas, seule la laccase (phenoloxydase a cuivre) etait impliquee dans le processus de degradation. Les essais d'induction par des composes aromatiques de cette enzyme chez m. Quercophilus ont revele la presence d'une enzyme constitutive et de trois formes induites selon le compose utilise (alcools veratrylique et coniferylique, acides p-hydroxybenzoique, vanillique et ferulique). L'alcool coniferylique s'est revele etre l'inducteur le plus efficace et la presence de cuivre dans le milieu de culture permettait egalement d'augmenter l'activite laccase.
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Silva, Silvana Maria Moura da. "Avaliação e intervenção socio-neuromotora de crianças com marasmo na primeira infancia." [s.n.], 1998. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/274884.
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Orientador : Ademir de MarcoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-28T17:08:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_SilvanaMariaMourada_D.pdf: 15389001 bytes, checksum: 3705e92fed9bf7dfaa04c8eaf53d20eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998
Resumo: Esta investigação oferece subsídios à resolução da problemática existente, em nosso meio, quanto à falta e inadequação de recursos estimuladores no seio da família de crianças desnutridas graves, do tipo marasmo, e no ambiente do hospital, onde são internadas longo período para reabilitação nutricional. Dentro desse contexto, o objetivo principal da pesquisa consistiu em elaborar procedimentos de avaliação e de intervenção precoces destinados às crianças marasmáticas na primeira infância e aos ambientes de convivência (hospital e lar). Foram realizados estudos de casos de cinco crianças, com idades variando entre dois meses a um ano de idade, portadoras daquele quadro clínico, previamente selecionadas por variáveis intervenientes, das internadas por motivo de desnutrição em hospitais públicos pediátricos em São Luís - MA Os instrumentos de coleta de dados compreenderam: "dossiê" da criança no hospital, entrevista de anamnese com o responsável e Escala do Desenvolvimento Neuromotor, especialmente elaborada para esta pesquisa, com base na observação sistemática das crianças, objetos de estudo, em diversos momentos de sua rotina e situações lúdicas. Complementaram esses instrumentos dois roteiros (um para o hospital e outro para o lar) para verificação das oportunidades de estimulação. Para facilitar a análise dos dados nas situações de estimulação para as crianças, objetos de estudo, foi realizado grande número de filmagens dos momentos mais importantes de cada uma delas no hospital e, também, no lar, quando da aplicação da escala e dos roteiros citados. Com base nos dados coletados na avaliação do desenvolvimento neuromotor dessas crianças e na identificação das oportunidades de estimulação nesses dois ambientes de convivência, foi possível construir um programa de estimulação precoce, adaptado ao nível do desenvolvimento delas, aos seus atrasos, às condições ambientais estudadas, que poderá ser aplicado nos lares das mesmas e no ambiente hospitalar. Os componentes curriculares deste programa compreenderam objetivos geral e específicos, atividades estimuladoras, recursos materiais, procedimentos de intervenção, duração do programa e ambientes de estimulação. As conclusões e as recomendações decorrentes se destinam à promoção dotese.doc s profissionais de saúde quanto à aplicação do referido programa às crianças com marasmo, a fim de proporcionar-lhes, sobretudo um adequado desenvolvimento neuromotor, assim como a melhoria das condições estimuladoras em seus lares e no contexto hospitalar onde permanecem internadas
Abstract: Not informed.
Doutorado
Educação Motora
Doutor em Educação Física
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Singh, Satya Ram, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Agriculture Faculty, and School of Horticulture. "Biology of the rice leafroller Cnaphalocrocis (Marasmia) exigua (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Pauristinae) in Fiji." THESIS_FTA_HOR_SINGH_S.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/443.
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The rice leafroller Cnaphalocrocis exigua (Butler) in the only species of the rice leaf folder/roller complex in Fiji. It is one of the major rice pests in the country, its pest status being exacerbrated by the cultivation of high-yielding varieties with minimal pest resistance. Detailed studies on the biology of the moth, in particular on the development, emergence, mating and flight behaviour, effect of adult nutrition on fecundity, egg hatchability and longevity, effect of larval nutrition on larval survival, pupation, pupal weight, pupal eclosion, and fecundity, egg hatchability and longevity of resultant adults, parasitism, and population ecology of C. exigua were carried out in Fiji from 1985 to 1987, and from June to August 1990. This study showed that there are several parasitoids of C. exigua in Fiji, and of those the egg and larval parasitoids Trichogramma sp. and Trathala flavo-orbitalis (Cameron) respectively are significant biotic mortality factors. Their impact as natural suppressors of C. exigua in fields of high yielding rice varieties was, however, inadequate to prevent C. exigua reaching damaging levels. Since C. exigua responds strongly to rice varietal differences, plant nitrogen status, and seasonal factors, is suspected to utilise pheromones during mating, and has numerous biocontrol agents in South East Asia and the Philippines, it appears to be an excellent candidate for an integrated pest management (IPM) program in Fiji. Before IPM strategies can be formulated, however, further investigations on rice varietal resistance, exploitation of exotic parasitoids and pathogens, and detailed studies on the possible presence of sex pheromones need to be conducted.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Singh, Satya Ram. "Biology of the rice leafroller Cnaphalocrocis (Marasmia) exigua (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Pauristinae) in Fiji." Thesis, Richmond, N.S.W. : School of Horticulture, Faculty of Science, Technology and Agriculture, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/443.
Full textAbstract:
The rice leafroller Cnaphalocrocis exigua (Butler) in the only species of the rice leaf folder/roller complex in Fiji. It is one of the major rice pests in the country, its pest status being exacerbrated by the cultivation of high-yielding varieties with minimal pest resistance. Detailed studies on the biology of the moth, in particular on the development, emergence, mating and flight behaviour, effect of adult nutrition on fecundity, egg hatchability and longevity, effect of larval nutrition on larval survival, pupation, pupal weight, pupal eclosion, and fecundity, egg hatchability and longevity of resultant adults, parasitism, and population ecology of C. exigua were carried out in Fiji from 1985 to 1987, and from June to August 1990. This study showed that there are several parasitoids of C. exigua in Fiji, and of those the egg and larval parasitoids Trichogramma sp. and Trathala flavo-orbitalis (Cameron) respectively are significant biotic mortality factors. Their impact as natural suppressors of C. exigua in fields of high yielding rice varieties was, however, inadequate to prevent C. exigua reaching damaging levels. Since C. exigua responds strongly to rice varietal differences, plant nitrogen status, and seasonal factors, is suspected to utilise pheromones during mating, and has numerous biocontrol agents in South East Asia and the Philippines, it appears to be an excellent candidate for an integrated pest management (IPM) program in Fiji. Before IPM strategies can be formulated, however, further investigations on rice varietal resistance, exploitation of exotic parasitoids and pathogens, and detailed studies on the possible presence of sex pheromones need to be conducted.
Books on the topic "Marasmus"
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Perurena, Patziku. Marasmus femeninus: Joanaren guten zaharrak. Donostia: Elkar, 1993.
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Sserunjogi, Louise. Study on the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition in children 5 years and under in Kiyeyi target area, Tororo District: January-April 1990. [Kampala]: Child Health and Development Centre, Makerere University, 1992.
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Bhat, B. Vishnu. Protein, energy, malnutrition. New Delhi: Peepee Publishers and Distributors, 2008.
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Antonín, Vladimír. A monograph of Marasmius, Collybia, and related genera in Europe. Eching: IHW-Verlag, 1993.
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E, Desjardin Dennis, Horak Egon, Petrini Liliane E, and Petrini Orlando, eds. Taxonomic monographs of Agaricales. Berlin: J. Cramer, 1997.
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E, Noordeloos Machiel, ed. A monograph of Marasmius, Collybia, and related genera in Europe. Eching: IHW-Verlag, 1993.
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Janabi, Abdul Kader El. Arabes: Sortir du marasme. Condé-sur-Noireau (Corlet): Panoramiques, 2004.
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Plesea, Gabriel. Marasmul românesc: Comentarii, opinii, atitudini consemnate în perioada 2004-2010. București: Editura Vestala, 2011.
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Antonín, Vladimír. Monograph of Marasmius, Gloiocephala, Palaeocephala and Setulipes in tropical Africa. Meise: National Botanic Garden (Belgium), 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Marasmus"
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Oette, Mark, Marvin J. Stone, Hendrik P. N. Scholl, Peter Charbel Issa, Monika Fleckenstein, Steffen Schmitz-Valckenberg, Frank G. Holz, et al. "Marasmus." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 1263. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_6170.
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Boyne, Michael S., Patrice Francis-Emmanuel, Ingrid A. Tennant, Debbie S. Thompson, and Terrence E. Forrester. "Cardiometabolic Risk in Marasmus and Kwashiorkor Survivors." In Handbook of Famine, Starvation, and Nutrient Deprivation, 1–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40007-5_58-1.
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Boyne, Michael S., Patrice Francis-Emmanuel, Ingrid A. Tennant, Debbie S. Thompson, and Terrence E. Forrester. "Cardiometabolic Risk in Marasmus and Kwashiorkor Survivors." In Handbook of Famine, Starvation, and Nutrient Deprivation, 1199–220. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55387-0_58.
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Lima, Lucimey, and Erica Jaffé. "Plasma Concentration of Taurine is Higher in Malnourished than Control Children: Differences between Kwashiorkor and Marasmus." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 487–94. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0117-0_58.
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Song, Jia, Le Cui, Xiaobo Ma, Yan Su, Zhengmei Huang, and Min Wang. "Optimization the Fermentation Conditions of Marasmius androsaceus by Desirability Function Method." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 255–65. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4801-2_26.
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Codoñer-Franch, P., and V. Valls Bellés. "MARASMUS." In Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 3697–703. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-227055-x/00737-9.
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"Marasmus." In Dermatology Therapy, 374. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-29668-9_1731.
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YOUNG, RUTH. "MARASMUS." In Maternity and Infant Welfare, 116–17. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4831-6659-9.50020-4.
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RENDLE-SHORT, JOHN. "‘MARASMUS’ SYNDROME." In A Synopsis of Children's Diseases, 119. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4831-6816-6.50029-1.
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"marasmus, n." In Oxford English Dictionary. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oed/9587562286.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Marasmus"
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Mohsen, Liqaa Y., Rafal Ahmed Lilo, and Anmar Mahdi Kadhum AL-Maamori. "Optimization of laccase production from Marasimus palmivorus." In 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACHIEVING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0135983.
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