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Journal articles on the topic 'Maratha Empire'
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Nagapurkar, Shilpa, Parag Narkhede, and Vaseem Anjum Sheriff. "Energizing the Future with Memories of the Past: The Wadas of Pune City." E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020): 05006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017005006.
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Pune, described as the Queen of the Deccan, [1] is located in the state of Maharashtra, India. It is a historic city associated with the Maratha Empire and seat of the Peshwa power. During the Colonial Period it was a British cantonment. Contemporary Pune city is considered as the cultural capital of Maharashtra and is also referred to as the Oxford of the East due to the presence of several well-known educational institutions. The old city of Pune is constituted by the seventeen Peths or localities. The wadas are a characteristic built-form that evolved during the Maratha Period. They were the residences not only of the Peshwas but also those connected with the administrative system of the times and are the manifestations of the culture of the period. They vary considerably in size and form. They have a characteristic spatial organization harmonizing form and space with distinct architectural features. They were once the seat of power, intrigue and grandeur. Now, they are the surviving witnesses of battle plans and palace intrigues at the height of glory of the Maratha Empire. After more than three hundred and fifty years the wadas themselves are waging a final battle for survival considering the apathy towards their woes and issues from both the civic body as well as their private owners. The objective of the paper is to explore the possibility of developing selected wadas as nodes in developing Pune city’s culture infrastructure as well as heritage showcase. It seeks site specific solutions of ‘Energizing the Future with the Memories of the Past’ in Pune city.
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S, Jesintha, and Chitra A. "Bhagavatamela during the Maratha Period of Tanjore." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, no. 3 (July 15, 2021): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt2138.
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Our Tamil land has a rich history of art and culture. The popularly known ‘Muthamizh’ namely ‘Iyal’ – text or poetry, ‘Isai’ – music and ‘Nadagam’ – theatre has undergone various changes over a period of time due to various social and political factors in the society. Nevertheless, there are few art forms which follow the tradition with its original flavour. One such is the ‘Bhagavata Mela Nadakam’ which is an art form systemized during the Marata’s empire. This research work talks about it in detail. Marata’s period (17th to 19th century AD) is believed to be the glorious period for many art forms. During this period Bhagavata Mela gained its popularity with the patronage of the kings. With the support of literary evidences this research work aims at a detailed study of the patronage extended by the kings and about the growth of Bhagavata Mela and how it was systemized. Marata period plays a very important role for the growth of ‘Bhagavata Mela’. This work gives a detailed study on the systematic approach followed in Bhagavata Mela. An authority supervised the performing artist. There were certain rules to be strictly followed by the artist. They were honored with various titles and gifts, even with pieces of land sometimes. The Bhagavata Mela artists were also appointed as poets in King’s court during the Marata period. There are more such interesting facts. This research deals with the complete study of the evolution and growth of the Bhavata Mela during the Marata period including such interesting information.
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Frykenberg, Robert Eric. "The Subhedar’s Son: A Narrative of Brahmin-Christian Conversion from Nineteenth-Century Maharashtra, edited by Deepra Dandekar." International Bulletin of Mission Research 45, no. 1 (June 26, 2020): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396939320937667.
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This son of a former local ruler, from the elite Brahman community that had presided over the fortunes of the Maratha Empire before its defeat by the British Raj, became a Christian convert and then served as a pastor of local churches in Western India for nearly forty years. His autobiography was later turned into a prize-winning novel. This rare pioneering vernacular account, reflecting the highly complex, multilayered cultural legacy of an emerging hybrid Christianity, represented a new genre of nativist devotion and piety. Subjected to a carefully contextualized and critical scholarship, we now have this work in English.
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Osborne, Eric W. "The Ulcer of the Mughal Empire: Mughals and Marathas, 1680-1707." Small Wars & Insurgencies 31, no. 5 (June 24, 2020): 988–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2020.1764711.
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GUHA, SUMIT. "The Frontiers of Memory: What the Marathas Remembered of Vijayanagara." Modern Asian Studies 43, no. 1 (January 2009): 269–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x07003307.
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AbstractThe past two decades have seen a dramatic renewal of interest in the subject of historical memory, its reproduction and transmission. But most studies have focused on the selection and construction of extant memories. This essay looks at missing memory as well. It seeks to broaden our understanding of memory by investigating the way in which historical memory significant to one historical tradition was slighted by another, even though the two overlapped both spatially and chronologically. It does this by an examination of how the memory of the Marathi-speaking peoples first neglected and then adopted the story of the Vijayanagara empire that once dominated southern India.
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Guha, Sumit. "Rethinking the Economy of Mughal India: Lateral Perspectives." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 58, no. 4 (July 9, 2015): 532–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341382.
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This article seeks to reopen the argument regarding the economic structure of the Mughal Empire. The field saw vigorous debate in the 1980s and 1990s, followed by a stalemate. I seek to move beyond this impasse, first by studying British efforts at implementing a neo-Mughal tax system. This retrospective exhibits the practical difficulties that make it unlikely that the Mughals ever fully implemented their program. I then deploy underused Marathi sources to see what well-informed contemporaries guessed about the real working of the empire and analyze the effects of regimes of power in the creation and survival of the information that constitutes our evidence. I end by connecting key aspects of my structural analysis with the expansion of international trade and with India’s political economy in the transition to British rule.
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Constable, Philip. "Scottish Missionaries, ‘Protestant Hinduism’ and the Scottish Sense of Empire in Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-century India." Scottish Historical Review 86, no. 2 (October 2007): 278–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2007.86.2.278.
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This article examines the Scottish missionary contribution to a Scottish sense of empire in India in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Initially, the article reviews general historiographical interpretations which have in recent years been developed to explain the Scottish relationship with British imperial development in India. Subsequently the article analyses in detail the religious contributions of Scottish Presbyterian missionaries of the Church of Scotland and the Free Church Missions to a Scottish sense of empire with a focus on their interaction with Hindu socioreligious thought in nineteenth-century western India. Previous missionary historiography has tended to focus substantially on the emergence of Scottish evangelical missionary activity in India in the early nineteenth century and most notably on Alexander Duff (1806–78). Relatively little has been written on Scottish Presbyterian missions in India in the later nineteenth century, and even less on the significance of their missionary thought to a Scottish sense of Indian empire. Through an analysis of Scottish Presbyterian missionary critiques in both vernacular Marathi and English, this article outlines the orientalist engagement of Scottish Presbyterian missionary thought with late nineteenth-century popular Hinduism. In conclusion this article demonstrates how this intellectual engagement contributed to and helped define a Scottish missionary sense of empire in India.
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Fernini, Ilias M. "Astronomy at the service of the Islamic society." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S260 (January 2009): 514–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311002778.
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AbstractThe Islamic society has great ties to astronomy. Its main religious customs (start of the Islamic month, direction of prayer, and the five daily prayers) are all related to two main celestial objects: the Sun and the Moon. First, the start of any Islamic month is related to the actual seeing of the young crescent after the new Moon. Second, the direction of prayer, i.e., praying towards Mecca, is related to the determination of the zenith point in Mecca. Third, the proper time for the five daily prayers is related to the motion of the Sun. Everyone in the society is directly concerned by these customs. This is to say that the major impetus for the growth of Islamic astronomy came from these three main religious observances which presented an assortment of problems in mathematical astronomy. To observe these three customs, a new set of astronomical observations were needed and this helped the development of the Islamic observatory. There is a claim that it was first in Islam that the astronomical observatory came into real existence. The Islamic observatory was a product of needs and values interwoven into the Islamic society and culture. It is also considered as a true representative and an integral par of the Islamic civilisation. Since astronomy interested not only men of science, but also the rulers of the Islamic empire, several observatories have flourished. The observatories of Baghdad, Cairo, Córdoba, Toledo, Maragha, Samarqand and Istanbul acquired a worldwide reputation throughout the centuries. This paper will discuss the two most important observatories (Maragha and Samarqand) in terms of their instruments and discoveries that contributed to the establishment of these scientific institutions.
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Scammell, G. V. "The Pillars of Empire: Indigenous Assistance and the Survival of the ‘Estado da India’ c. 1600–1700." Modern Asian Studies 22, no. 3 (July 1988): 473–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x0000963x.
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If the establishment of the Estado da India in the early sixteenth century owed much to indigenous aid, its survival in the ensuing two hundred years owed even more. The centuries after 1600 were indeed sad ones for imperial Portual. The mother country itself was under Spanish rule until 1640, whilst its colonies and colonial trades were everywhere attacked, and more often than not annexed by European rivals. Nowhere was the picture more depressing than in Asia where the heirs of da Gama and Albuquerque had to contend frist with the English and the Dutch and then with a whole host of indigenous opponents ranging from the ever formidable Japanese to the Mughals and the Marathas under the redoubtable Shivaji, once innocently hailed as another Ceaser, but soon identified as the ‘new Attila’. Portuguese correspondence is full of eloquent descriptions of the lamentable condition of the Estado. Trade was at a standstill; war was ubiquitous; food was at the mercy of enemies; manpower was inadequate; the funds inevitably exhausted. In fact, under competent management, the surviving fragments of empire might well show a profit, as was the case in 1680. But not for long. Four years later there was talk of quitting Goa, too large and vulnerable to defend, and by the end of the century it was gloomily reported that all that remained of the erstwhile imperial glories were Goa, its local seaborne commerce, and what was described as ‘the convoy of the China boats’.
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Patterson, Jessica. "Enlightenment and Empire, Mughals and Marathas: the Religious History of India in the work of East India Company servant, Alexander Dow." History of European Ideas 45, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 972–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01916599.2019.1634923.
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BARROW, IAN J., and DOUGLAS E. HAYNES. "The Colonial Transition: South Asia, 1780–1840." Modern Asian Studies 38, no. 3 (July 2004): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x03001203.
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The seven papers in this special issue focus primarily on the development of British colonial rule between the 1780s and the 1840s. Over the course of these decades, the East India Company extended and consolidated its political and military control throughout much of the Indian subcontinent. Many of the crucial developments in the formation of the colonial state occurred during this period. These include the conquest of Mysore and the defeat of the Marathas, the implementation of the Permanent Settlement, the reforms undertaken during the Viceroyalty of Lord Bentinck, the introduction of Utilitarianism and missionary activity, the establishment of the Trigonometrical Survey, the development of the systems of control based upon indirect rule in the ‘princely states’, the emergence of new concepts of ‘race’ and social hierarchy, and the reshaping of British social life in South Asia. Outside of India, Ceylon's maritime provinces were captured from the Dutch and, in 1815, the interior Kandyan kingdom was annexed, paving the way for the island's transformation into a Crown colony focused on plantation production. In Britain, too, there was a growing interest among the public in the British territorial possessions in South Asia and an increasing awareness that this empire helped to define Britain as a great national power within Europe. For these reasons alone, this period, which begins when the Company was seeking to entrench itself as the de facto ruler of Bengal and ends shortly before the 1857 rebellions and the formal end of the Company rule, requires serious attention by historians.
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Datla, Kavita Saraswathi. "The Origins of Indirect Rule in India: Hyderabad and the British Imperial Order." Law and History Review 33, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 321–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248015000115.
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The main problem with the orthodox account of modern world politics is that it describes only one of these patterns of international order: the one that was dedicated to the pursuit of peaceful coexistence between equal and mutually independent sovereigns, which developed within the Westphalian system and the European society of states....Orthodox theorists have paid far too little attention to the other pattern of international order, which evolved during roughly the same period of time, but beyond rather than within Europe; not through relations between Europeans, but through relations between Europeans and non-Europeans. Instead of being based on a states-system, this pattern of order was based on colonial and imperial systems, and its characteristic practice was not the reciprocal recognition of sovereign independence between states, but rather the division of sovereignty across territorial borders and the enforcement of individuals' rights to their persons and property. The American Revolution and the “revolution” in Bengal posed new political questions for domestic British politics and inaugurated a new era for the British empire. As the British committed themselves to the administration of a vast population of non-Europeans in the Indian province of Bengal, and estimations of financial windfalls were presented to stockholders and politicians, the center of the British Empire came slowly to shift toward the East. The evolution of a system of indirect rule in India as it related to larger political questions being posed in Britain, partly because of its protracted and diverse nature, has not received the same attention. Attention to Indian states, in the scholarship on eighteenth century South Asia, has closely followed the expanding colonial frontier, focusing on those states that most engaged British military attention: Bengal, Mysore, and the Marathas. And yet, the eighteenth century should also command our attention as a crucial moment of transition from an earlier Indian Ocean world trading system, in which European powers inserted themselves as one sovereign authority among many, to that of being supreme political authorities of territories that they did not govern directly. India's native states, or “country powers,” as the British referred to them in the eighteenth century, underwrote the expansion of the East India Company in the East. The tribute paid by these states became an important financial resource at the company's disposal, as it attempted to balance its books in the late eighteenth century. Additionally, the troops maintained to protect these states were significant in Britain's late eighteenth century military calculations. These states, in other words, were absolutely central to the forging of the British imperial order, and generative of the very practices that came to characterize colonial expansion and governance.
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ARAÚJO, RONI CÉSAR ANDRADE DE. "UM PROCESSO DE JORNALISMO ဠÉPOCA DA INDEPENDáŠNCIA: Maranhão, 1829-1832." Outros Tempos: Pesquisa em Foco - História 16, no. 27 (March 11, 2019): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18817/ot.v16i27.684.
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Analisa a documentação que compôs o processo judicial movido pelo Deputado Odorico Mendes contra o Ex-presidente do Maranhão Costa Pinto, na Corte do Rio de Janeiro, em 1829. Todo o corpo documental do processo está disponável num livreto que compõe o acervo do Arquivo Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. Com exceção a um ou outro documento, de modo geral, esse processo ainda não foi discutido no á¢mbito das produções acadêmicas.Palavras-chave: Imprensa. Independência. Império do Brasil. Maranhão. A PROCESS OF JOURNALISM AT THE TIME OF INDEPENDENCE: Maranhão, 1829-1832Abstract: It analyzes the documentation that composed the lawsuit filed by the Deputy Odorico Mendes against the former President of Maranhao Costa Pinto, at the Court of Rio de Janeiro, in 1829. All the documental body is disposable on a booklet that composes the National Archive of Rio de Janeiro”™s collection. With the exception of one or another document, in a general way, this process has not yet been discussed on the scope of the academic productions.Keywords: Press. Independence. Empire of Brazil. Maranhão. UN PROCESO DE PERIODISMO EN LA ÉPOCA DE LA INDEPENDENCIA: Maranhão, 1829-1832Resumen: Analiza la documentación que compuso el proceso judicial movido por el diputado Odorico Mendes en contra del expresidente del Maranhão Costa Pinto, en la Corte de Ráo de Janeiro, en 1829. Toda documentación del proceso está disponible en un folleto que compone el acervo del Archivo Nacional de Rio de Janeiro. Con excepción de uno u otro documento, de modo general, ese proceso aún no ha sido discutido en el ámbito de las producciones académicas.Palabras clave: Prensa. Independencia. Imperio de Brasil. Maranhão.
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Prastuti, Betty, and Sunarti Sunarti. "Pengendalian Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) dan Nitrit Oxide(NO) pada penderita DMT2 dengan emping garut (Maranta arundinacea Linn) sebagai makanan selingan." Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 8, no. 3 (January 1, 2012): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.18207.
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Background: Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus increases the production of superoxide that cause oxidative stress and decrease the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). SOD enzyme reduces superoxide to hydrogen peroxide to lessen the reaction between superoxide and nitric oxide (NO). To reduce hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus, diabetics are encouraged to consume diet with low glycemic index. Arrowroot chips is a product commonly used by the community as a snack. Arrowroot has low glycemic index (glycemic index = 14) so it can be used as an alternative snack for diabetics.Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the beneficial effects of arrowroot chips to help controlling the blood glucose level, SOD activity and NO concentration in type 2 diabetes. Method: This is a quasi-experimental research with a one group pre test - post test. Subjects were 14 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who regularly visited endocrine polyclinic of RSUP.Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. The inclusion criteria were: aged 35-60 years, had suffered from diabetes mellitus for at least one year and currently on insulin injection therapy. The subjects were given 20 grams/day arrowroot chips to be consumed as a snack for four weeks. The blood samples were drawn before and after treatment. Glucose level were analyzed by GOD-PAP method, SOD activity was determined by Ransod kits and NO concentration was analyzed by colorimetric Gies reagent system. Finally, data were analyzed by paired t-test and correlation regression test.Result: There was an increased glucose level from 124,43 ± 33,56 to 139,00 ± 67,96 mg/dl after treatment (p=0,551), SOD activity decreased from 77,09 + 19,33 to 43,99 + 17,45 unit/ml whole blood after treatment (p=0,000), decreased NO concentration from 1,28 + 1,32 to 1,15 + 0,577 µM after treatment (p=0,875), and a positive correlation between SOD activity and NO concentration (p=0,151; r=0,405; R2=0,164).Conclusion: Arrowroot chips consumption as a snack for 4 weeks was unable to help controlling the fasting plasma glucose level, SOD activity and NO concentration in type 2 diabetics.
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COSTA, YURI. "UM ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE NOVOS BRADOS DO EPAMINONDAS AMERICANO." Outros Tempos: Pesquisa em Foco - História 11, no. 18 (December 15, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.18817/ot.v11i18.427.
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Analisa as cráticas apresentadas por Manoel Paixão dos Santos Zacheo, o Epaminondas Americano, á utilidade da agricultura para o Império do Brasil, ao conflito fundiário envolvendo as chamadas terras de Guadalupe e á proposta de extinção do tráfico de escravos no Brasil.O discurso é registrado em um documento disponibilizado recentemente pela Biblioteca Brasiliana, datado de 1826 e impresso na Tipografia Nacional do Maranhão, ainda inédito de cráticas no á¢mbito acadêmico. Palavras-chave: Manoel Paixão dos Santos Zacheo. Terras de Guadalupe. Comércio de escravos. Maranhão. A CASE STUDY ON THE NEW HOWLS OF EPAMINONDAS AMERICANO Abstract: Analyzes the criticism presented by Manoel dos Santos Passion Zacheo, the Epaminondas Americano, about the usefulness of agriculture for the Empire of Brazil, the conflict involving the so called ”terras de Guadalupe” and the proposal of extinction of the slave trade in Brazil. The speech is registered in a document released recently by the Biblioteca Brasiliana, dating from 1826 and printed in Tipografia Nacional do Maranhão, still unheard of under academic criticism. Keywords: Manoel Paixão dos Santos Zacheo. Terras de Guadalupe. Slave trade. Maranhão. UN ESTUDIO DE CASO SOBRE NUEVOS BRADOS DE EPAMINONDAS AMERICANOResumen: Analiza las criticas presentadas por Manoel Paixao dos Santos Zacheo, el Epaminondas Americano, a la utilidad de la agricultura para el Imperio del Brasil, al conflicto fundiario que envuelve las tierras de Guadalupe y la propuesta de extinción del tráfico de esclavos en Brasil. El discurso lleva el registro en un documento recién dispuesto por la Biblioteca Brasiliana, con fecha de 1826, impreso en la Tipografia Nacional de Maranhao, todaváa inédito de cráticas en el ámbito académico. Palabras clave: Manoel Paixão dos Santos Zacheo. Tierras de Guadalupe. Comercio de esclavos. Maranhão.