Relevant bibliographies by topics / Marathon runners

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Marathon runners'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Marathon runners"

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Sirasakamol, Orasa, Pakinee Ariya, Wanvimol Nadee, and Kitti Puritat. "Development of a Mobile-Healthcare Application for Safety and Prevention in Emergency Assistance at Marathon Events: A Case Study in CMU Marathon." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 18, no. 06 (May 17, 2022): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v18i06.29515.

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The majority of marathon deaths are caused by sudden cardia arrest which occurs in approximately 1 in 100,000 runners around the world. In such cases, sudden resuscitation of first aid, including an early use of automated external defibrillator (AED) on runners by medical staff is immediately necessary. However, in some cases patient information of the runner is required to support the clinical decision-making of the medical staff, including the admission to hospital with certain symptoms. To make marathon events safer, we developed a mobile-healthcare emergency assistance application for safety and prevention in marathon events. Our project covers three phases: registration, data analytics and running phases. In the registration phase, we designed and developed a form containing the runner’s electronic personal health record filled in during the registration of the runner at the event. For the analytics and running phases, we analyze the data from the registration phase in order to prepare the capacity of resource and medical staff necessary to prevent and treat injuries and accidents including a sufficient number of AED devices. Finally, for the running phase, we developed a mobile application Medic and Track based on the qr code scanning in BIB for patient information that allows to locate the runner's emergency aid point and bring the patient to that rescue point or hospital. We also tested the application on a large number of runners participating in the CMU marathon 2020 with 9721 runners. The results of this study suggest that the purpose of our application can be generally accepted for the medical staff, and it also proved to be a suitable technology to prevent serious accidents in future marathon events.
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Cuk, Ivan, Pantelis Nikolaidis, Srdjan Markovic, and Beat Knechtle. "Age Differences in Pacing in Endurance Running: Comparison between Marathon and Half-Marathon Men and Women." Medicina 55, no. 8 (August 14, 2019): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55080479.

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Background and Objective: The increased popularity of marathons and half-marathons has led to a significant increase in the number of master runners worldwide. Since the age-related decrease in performance is dependent on race duration, pacing in long distance running might also vary by race distance in both men and women. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to assess pacing differences between marathon and half-marathon runners with regard to the runners’ age group, and independently for men and women. Materials and Methods: In total, 17,465 participants in the Vienna City marathon in 2017 were considered for this study (marathon, N = 6081; half-marathon, N = 11,384). Pacing was expressed as two variables (i.e., pace range and end spurt). Results: All runners showed positive pacing strategies (i.e., a fast start with gradual decrease of speed). However, marathon runners showed greater variability in pacing than half-marathon runners. Furthermore, women showed no differences in pace variability in regard to the age group, whereas men younger than 30 years of age, as well as older men (over the age of 60), showed a greater variability in pace than other age groups. Finally, younger half-marathon men and women showed the fastest end spurt compared to older age groups and marathon runners. Conclusions: The presented findings could help sports and medicine practitioners to create age specific training plans and pacing strategies. This approach could help long distance runners to improve their physical fitness, achieve better race times, reduce the potential risk of musculoskeletal injuries and increase the overall pleasure of long distance running.
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Qiu, Yajun, Haibo Tian, Yeqiang Lin, and Wenting Zhou. "Serious leisure qualities and participation behaviors of Chinese marathon runners." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 55, no. 5 (January 13, 2019): 526–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690218822303.

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In recent years, unprecedented developments in marathon events have occurred in China. Participating in marathons has become a serious leisure activity, and people show many leisure qualities in the process of continuous participation. This study explored the relationship between the serious leisure qualities of marathon runners and their participation behavior. Data were collected from 603 marathon runners during the 2017 Nanjing Marathon Event and the 2017 Hangzhou Marathon Event. The results showed that marathon runners differed significantly in serious leisure qualities based on different demographic variables. Serious leisure qualities and demographic variables can be positively associated with marathon runners’ number of years of running, running frequency per week, and longest marathon event. However, they did not predict marathon runners’ running distance per week or the number of marathon events participated in each year. These study findings broaden the research on serious leisure sport behavior in China and provide both theoretical and empirical support for leisure sports management. The limitations and implications of this study are also discussed.
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Knechtle, Beat, Thomas Rosemann, and Pantelis Nikolaidis. "Pacing and Changes in Body Composition in 48 h Ultra-Endurance Running—A Case Study." Sports 6, no. 4 (November 1, 2018): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports6040136.

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Pacing has been investigated in elite and master runners competing in marathon and ultra-marathon races up to 100 km and 100 miles, but not in longer ultra-marathons. In this case study, a 54-year-old master ultra-marathoner—intending to achieve as many kilometers as possible in a 48 h run—was examined. The changes in running speed during the race and selected anthropometric characteristics using bioelectrical impedance analysis (i.e., body mass and body water), during and after the race, were analyzed. The runner achieved a total distance of 230 km and running speed decreased non-linearly during the race. Body mass decreased, while percent body water increased, non-linearly, across the race. There was no statistically significant relationship between the decrease in body mass and the increase in percent body water. Considering the popularity of ultra-endurance running races, the findings of the present study offered valuable insight in the pacing and changes of body mass and body water during a 48 h run, and this information can be used by ultra-endurance runners and practitioners working with them.
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Karahanoğlu, Armağan. "Psychological effects of energy gels: An investigation into runners’ energy gel choice and consumption strategies in marathon running." International Journal of Food Design 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijfd_00036_1.

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Marathon running is a physical and mental activity. Runners consume high-energy food products to fill their glycogen stores for maintaining their marathon performance. This makes consuming carbohydrates, mainly in the form of energy gels, an essential part of marathon running. While previous research demonstrates significant physiological effects of these high-energy food products on performance, their psychological effects, which could benefit from and shed light on food design studies, have been underexplored. This article explores these effects with two participant studies, a narrative study (n = 10) and a survey (n = 39). The inquiries start with understanding the psychology of marathon runners and examining the psychological effects of energy gels on marathon running. The results showed that the marathon runners follow a self-identified energy gel consumption strategy during marathon running. Several qualities of energy gels influence these strategies and the meanings marathon runners attach to energy gel consumption. The findings elucidated a novel area of food design research by unveiling the nature of the non-nutritional interactions between runner and energy gels consumed in marathon running.
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Billat, Véronique, Damien Vitiello, Florent Palacin, Matthieu Correa, and Jean Renaud Pycke. "Race Analysis of the World’s Best Female and Male Marathon Runners." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 13, 2020): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041177.

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Background: Beyond the difference in marathon performance when comparing female and male runners, we tested the hypothesis that running strategy does not different according to sex. The goal of the present study is to compare the running strategy between the best female and male marathon performances achieved in the last two years. Methods: Two aspects of the races were analyzed: (i) average speed relative to runner critical speed (CS) with its coefficient of variation and (ii) asymmetry and global tendency of race speed (i.e., the race’s Kendall τ ) . Results: The females’ best marathons were run at 97.6% ± 3% of CS for the new record (Brigid Kosgei, 2019) and at 96.1% ± 4.4% for the previous record (Paula Radcliffe, 2003). The best male performances (Eliud Kipchoge, 2018 and 2019) were achieved at a lower fraction of CS (94.7% ± 1.7% and 94.1% ± 2.3% in 2018 and 2019, respectively). Eliud Kipchoge (EK) achieved a significant negative split race considering the positive Kendall’s τ of pacing (i.e., time over 1 km) ( τ = 0.30; p = 0.007). Furthermore, EK ran more of the average distance below average speed (54% and 55% in 2018 and 2019, respectively), while female runners ran only at 46% below their average speed. Conclusions: The best female and male marathon performances were run differently considering speed time course (i.e., tendency and asymmetry), and fractional use of CS. In addition, this study shows a robust running strategy (or signature) used by EK in two different marathons. Improvement in marathon performance might depend on negative split and asymmetry for female runners, and on higher fractional utilization of CS for male runners.
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Knechtle, Beat. "Ultramarathon Runners: Nature or Nurture?" International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 7, no. 4 (December 2012): 310–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.7.4.310.

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Ultramarathon running is increasingly popular. An ultramarathon is defined as a running event involving distances longer than the length of a traditional marathon of 42.195 km. In ultramarathon races, ~80% of the finishers are men. Ultramarathoners are typically ~45 y old and achieve their fastest running times between 30 and 49 y for men, and between 30 and 54 y for women. Most probably, ultrarunners start with a marathon before competing in an ultramarathon. In ultramarathoners, the number of previously completed marathons is significantly higher than the number of completed marathons in marathoners. However, recreational marathoners have a faster personal-best marathon time than ultramarathoners. Successful ultramarathoners have 7.6 ± 6.3 y of experience in ultrarunning. Ultramarathoners complete more running kilometers in training than marathoners do, but they run more slowly during training than marathoners. To summarize, ultramarathoners are master runners, have a broad experience in running, and prepare differently for an ultramarathon than marathoners do. However, it is not known what motivates male ultramarathoners and where ultramarathoners mainly originate. Future studies need to investigate the motivation of male ultramarathoners, where the best ultramarathoners originate, and whether they prepare by competing in marathons before entering ultramarathons.
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Zoladz, Jerzy A., and Zenon Nieckarz. "Marathon race performance increases the amount of particulate matter deposited in the respiratory system of runners: an incentive for “clean air marathon runs”." PeerJ 9 (June 17, 2021): e11562. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11562.

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Background In the last decades, marathon running has become a popular form of physical activity among people around the world. It should be noticed that the main marathon races are performed in large cities, where air quality varies considerably. It is well established that breathing polluted air results in a number of harmful effects to the human body. However, there have been no studies to show the impact of marathon run performance on the amount of the deposition of varied fractions of airborne particulate matter (PM) in the respiratory tract of runners. This is why the present study sought to determine the impact of marathon run performance in the air of varying quality on the deposition of the PM1, PM2.5, PM10 in the respiratory tract in humans. Methods The PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 deposition was determined in an “average runner” (with marathon performance time 4 h: 30 min) and in an “elite marathon runner” (with marathon performance time 2 h: 00 min) at rest, and during a marathon race, based on own measurements of the PM content in the air and the size-resolved DF(d) profile concept. Results We have shown that breathing air containing 50 µg m−3 PM10 (a borderline value according to the 2006 WHO standard - still valid) at minute ventilation (VE) equal to 8 L min−1 when at rest, resulted in PM10deposition rate of approximately 9 µg h−1, but a marathon run of an average marathon runner with the VE = 62 L min−1 increased the deposition rate up to 45 µg h−1. In the elite runner, marathon run with the VE= 115 L min−1 increased PM10 deposition rate to 83 µg h−1. Interestingly, breathing the air containing 50 µg m−3of PM10 at the VE = 115 L min−1by the elite marathon runner during the race resulted in the same PM10deposition rate as the breathing highly polluted air containing as much as 466 µg m−3 of PM10 when at rest. Furthermore, the total PM10 deposition in the respiratory tract during a marathon race in average runners is about 22% greater (203 / 166 = 1.22) than in elite runners. According to our calculations, the concentration of PM10in the air during a marathon race that would allow one not to exceed the PM10 deposition rate of 9 µg h−1should be lower than 10 µg m−3 in the case of an average runner, and it should be lower than 5.5 µg m−3 in the case of an elite runner. Conclusions We conclude that a marathon run drastically increases the rate of deposition of the airborne PM in the respiratory tract of the runners, as a consequence of the huge VE generated during the race. A decrease of the PM content in the air attenuates this rate. Based on our calculations, we postulate that the PM10 content in the air during a “clean air marathon run”, involving elite marathon runners, should be below 5.5 µg m−3.
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Milliken, Paul. "Math at Work: Running by the Numbers." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 6, no. 4 (December 2000): 262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.6.4.0262.

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IN 490 B.C., THE MESSENGER PHEIDIPPEDES ran twenty-six miles to Athens carrying the news of Greek victory at the battle of Marathon. He delivered the news and dropped dead from the effort. Today, we celebrate that famous run with one of the most demanding events in human athletics, the marathon. Like Pheidippedes, the modern runner strives to complete the distance in as little time as possible. Unlike that early messenger, today's competitors undergo extensive training to ensure that they remain alive when they have finished the run. Kevin Smith uses mathematics to help runners prepare for marathons.
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Wirnitzer, Katharina, Mohamad Motevalli, Derrick Tanous, Gerold Wirnitzer, Claus Leitzmann, Karl-Heinz Wagner, Thomas Rosemann, and Beat Knechtle. "Training and Racing Behaviors of Omnivorous, Vegetarian, and Vegan Endurance Runners—Results from the NURMI Study (Step 1)." Nutrients 13, no. 10 (October 7, 2021): 3521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103521.

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As a key modulator of training adaptations and racing performance, nutrition plays a critical role in endurance runners’ success, and the training/racing behaviors of runners are potentially affected by their diet types. The present study aimed to investigate whether distance runners with a vegan diet (i.e., devoid of foods or ingredients from animal sources), vegetarian diet (i.e., devoid of meat and flesh foods), and omnivorous diet (i.e., a mixed diet with no restriction on food sources) have different training and racing patterns in general and based on race distance subgroups. A total of 3835 recreational runners completed an online survey. Runners were assigned to dietary (omnivorous, vegetarian, and vegan) and race distance (<21 km, half-marathon, and marathon/ultra-marathon) groups. In addition to sociodemographic information, a complete profile of data sets focusing on running and racing behaviors/patterns was evaluated using a questionnaire-based epidemiological approach. There were 1272 omnivores (47% females), 598 vegetarians (64% females), and 994 vegans (65% females). Compared to vegans and vegetarians, omnivorous runners prepared for a longer time period for running events, had a higher number of half-marathons and marathons completed with a better finish time, and had more reliance on training under supervision (p < 0.05). The present findings indicate an important association of diet types with patterns of training and racing amongst endurance runners that may be related to different motives of omnivorous, vegetarian, and vegan runners for participating in events.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Marathon runners"

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Gwilliams, Michael. "Ergogenic aids used by ultra-marathon runners." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15486.

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Background: Athletes of all levels and abilities utilise ergogenic aids to enhance sporting performance. However, the extent of ergogenic aid use within the ultra-marathon running community in unknown and there is little available literature documenting characteristics of use among ultra-marathon runners. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to describe the use of ergogenic aids in ultra-marathon runners. The specific objectives of the study were to: a) To obtain information on the use of ergogenic aids in ultra- marathon runners, with regard to the type of ergogenic aids used, and the pattern of use during training and competition; b) To determine ultra- marathon runner’s perceived benefits of the ergogenic aids; c) To determine the factors influencing the intake strategies of ergogenic aids; d) To explore the factors that may predict the use of ergogenic aids, such as age, gender level of competitiveness, training and competition history. Methods: This study had a descriptive correlational study design. Participants included male and female ultra- marathon runners between 25 and 65 years of age. Participants who did not give informed consent and who failed to meet the defined classifications of being an ultra-marathon runner and medical screening criteria were excluded from the study. Participants were recruited through electronic correspondence, running clubs and running-specific media platforms. A self-developed questionnaire was designed to obtain information on ergogenic aid use in ultra-marathon runners during training and competition, as well as to determine the runners’ pattern of use and their perceived effect of ergogenic aids. The questionnaire was available in English and Afrikaans, and explored both legal and illegal ergogenic aid use. A panel of experts reviewed and validated the questionnaire. The online questionnaire was anonymous; with all referring uniform resource locators (URLs) and internet protocol (IP) addresses of respondents hidden to ensure anonymity. Results: The final sample was comprised of 266 respondents (n=179 males; n=87 females). The mean age of participants was 44 ± 10. The mean number of ergogenic aids used per participant was 5 ± 2. Dietary practice (47%) was the most common ergogenic intervention, followed by supplementary aids (45%), and pharmacological aids (18%). No participants reported the use of illegal/banned ergogenic aids. The highest self-reported ergogenic aid used was s ports drinks (n = 213; 80%) followed by vitamins (n = 181; 68 %) and carbo-loading (n = 165; 62%). Participants tended to use ergogenic aid s predominantly during competition and less so during training. Seventy-nine percent of participants believe d that their chosen ergogenic aid improve d their performance, while 9% did not think their performance was improved, and 9% were uncertain. The most frequently perceived benefits of ergogenic aids were ‘delayed fatigue’ and ‘providing an energy boost ’. Self-experimentation /personal experience, fellow runners and books/magazines were the highest ranked factors influencing intake strategies of the participants chosen aids. Runners who had more than ten years of ultra-marathon running experience were approximately 50% more likely to consume sports drinks. Females were about two and a half times more likely to utilize vitamins as an ergogenic aid. However, evidence from the general population suggests that females have a significantly higher daily intake of vitamins compared to males; therefore this finding might simply reflect daily supplement use and not be specific to ultra-marathon runners. The use of vitamins was also dependant on the number of ultra-marathons performed; participants completing more than five ultra-marathons were almost twice as likely to use vitamins as those completing less than five ultra-marathons. Recreational runners were approximately one third less likely to undertake the dietary practice of carbo-loading than competitive runners. The number of marathons and the number of ultra-marathons completed conversely affected the use of increased protein. This study was unable to identify any descriptive, race or training characteristics that influenced the use of caffeine, medication, gels or electrolytes as ergogenic aids. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated that the prevalence of use of legal ergogenic aids is high and often used simultaneously. This study was unable to identify the prevalence of use of illegal ergogenic aids. However, the inappropriate and potentially unsafe use for many legal ergogenic aids was identified. Participants also reported false performance beliefs, potentially indicating poor knowledge or understanding of the effects of ergogenic aids. A major challenge is the strong influence of personal experience and information from fellow runners on the choice of ergogenic aids. Runners are accessing information through social networking, interactions and possibly social media, rather than scientific resources. Educational initiatives, with a focus on peer-led education, are essential to encourage the safe and effective use of ergogenic aids. This study highlights the importance of collective responsibility of the running community, including regulators, administrators, health care professionals, coaching and support staff, and journalists and authors of books and magazines to ensure that runners are informed about the safe and correct use of legal ergogenic aids.
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Ellis, Tracy. "Gastrocnemius muscle structure and function in habitually resistance-trained marathon runners and traditionally running-trained marathon runners: a comparative analysis." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25253.

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Background: Marathon running involves running long distances and is associated with a high prevalence of running-related injuries. The calf has been identified as one of the most commonly injured structures during running. Running training causes an overload on muscle and stimulates a physiological adaptation to create a training response. Specific adaptations in metabolic and physiological function of a muscle may be further achieved through specificity of exercise training. Resistance training programmes are commonly implemented to enhance specific muscle strength and endurance; and are effective methods of performance and injury prevention. While evidence-based guidelines for resistance training exist, it is unclear whether runners are routinely incorporating evidence-based resistance training into marathon training programmes. If runners are performing habitual resistance training, it is also unknown if the resistance training is of sufficient magnitude or intensity to induce dose-related responses in calf muscle structure or function. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate gastrocnemius muscle structure and function in marathon runners who performed habitual resistance training in addition to regular endurance training, compared to marathon runners who performed traditional endurance running training only. Specific Objectives: • To describe the demographic and training characteristics of habitually resistance-trained marathon runners and traditionally running-trained marathon runners. • To determine if there were differences in gastrocnemius endurance, power and flexibility between habitually resistance-trained marathon runners and traditionally running-trained marathon runners. • To evaluate if there were differences in the gastrocnemius muscle structure and architecture in habitually resistance-trained marathon runners compared to traditionally running-trained marathon runners. • To establish if there were any differences in the number of calf injuries sustained in habitually resistance-trained marathon runners and traditionally running-trained marathon runners. Methods: Healthy male runners between 20 and 50 years were included in the study. Participants were required to have completed at least one marathon in the 12-month period prior to the study. Runners forming the "traditionally running-trained" group were required to be participating in regular endurance running training only. Runners in the "habitually resistance-trained group" were required to be performing resistance training in addition to regular endurance running training. Runners with any injury at the time of recruitment or runners who reported a calf injury within the six-month period prior to the study were excluded. Participants with any medical abnormalities detected during screening were also excluded from the study. Eight marathon runners participating in habitual resistance training plus standard running training and eleven marathon runners participating in traditional running training only were recruited for this study. Runners who met the criteria attended two testing sessions at least three days apart. During the first session, informed consent was obtained and the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) was completed to ensure participants could safely complete physical testing. A questionnaire was completed to determine relevant training and injury history. Body mass, height and the sum of seven skinfolds were recorded. Muscle architecture measurements, including fascicle length, pennation angle, thickness and volume, were performed via imaging ultrasound. Participants were then familiarised with the physical testing procedures. In the second testing session, calf muscle flexibility and endurance were assessed; and isokinetic testing was performed for the left and right triceps surae. Results: There were no significant differences in descriptive characteristics between groups. Participants in the habitually resistance-trained group performed in an average of two hours (range 0.5-2.5 hours) of resistance training of between one to four sessions per week. Participants combined upper and lower body training in the form of circuit training, body weight training, core and proprioceptive training. Resistance training sessions were performed at a varied intensity for load (light to high) according to an estimated 1RM. Participants in the habitually resistancetrained group had completed a significantly greater number of 21.1 km races compared to the traditionally running-trained group (p < 0.05); but there were no other differences in running training or competition history between groups. There were also no significant differences in the number of reported injuries between groups. Average pennation angle was significantly increased in the habitually resistance-trained group compared to the traditional running-trained group (p < 0.05). No other significant differences in architectural measurements were identified. There were no significant differences in calf muscle flexibility, strength, power or endurance between the two groups. However, the small sample size limits the interpretation of the study findings. Conclusion: Wide variability in habitual resistance training patterns were identified. While pennation angle was significantly greater in the habitually resistance-trained group; no differences in all other architectural measurements; or calf muscle strength, power, endurance or flexibility between groups were identified. However, one of the key findings emerging from this study is the variable resistance training practices in endurance runners; and that resistance training practices were not aligned to current evidence-based guidelines for resistance training. Resistance training has a critical role in enhancing endurance running performance, injury prevention and rehabilitation. Future research should investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of endurance runners regarding resistance training; to facilitate the development of appropriate education interventions, and to effectively disseminate evidence-based training guidelines to lay communities.
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Macevičius, Artūras. "Didelio meistrškumo maratono bėgikų treniruotės ypatumai." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130801_155817-95145.

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Kiekviena sporto šaka turi savo specifinius komponentus, kurie atskleidžia tikrąsias vienos ar kitos sporto šakos ar rungties galimybes (Karoblis, 2005). Nustatyta, kad didelio meistriškumo maratono bėgikų ugdymas priklauso nuo daugelio veiksnių, iš kurių svarbiausias yra treniruotės vyksmo kryptingumas, jo valdymas, atsižvelgiant į sportininko organizmo adaptacijos prie treniruočių ir varžybų krūvių individualus ypatumas (Skernevičius, 1997; Milašius, 1997; Астранд, 1994). Didelio meistriškumo bėgikai į metus ruošiasi dviems maratonams. Todėl treniruočių proceso valdymas yra vienas iš sudėtingesnių. Tyrimo objektas: maratono bėgikų treniruotės ypatumai. Tyrimo tikslas: išanalizuoti Lietuvos didelio meistriškumo maratono bėgikų treniruotės ypatumus. Tiriamieji: daugiakartinis Lietuvos ilgųjų nuotolių bėgimo čempionas Marius Diliūnas, pasiekęs 15-ą maratono bėgimo rezultatą šalyje ir daugiakartinis ilgų distancijų bėgimo rungčių Lietuvos prizininkas Kęstutis Jankūnas, pasiekęs 20-ą maratono bėgimo rezultatą šalyje. Analizuojant sportininkų treniruočių planus (sportininko dienynus), trenerio pildomą krūvio apskaitos žurnalą buvo kreipiamas dėmesys į treniruočių krūvių intensyvumą, sportininkų pulso rodmenis. Mokslinių šaltinių studija parodė, kad ugdant ištvermę, svarbu pasirinkti tinkamą pratimų intensyvumą pagal planuojamą maratono rezultatą.
Each sports branch has its own specific components revealing true capacities of different sports branches or events (Karoblis, 2005). It has been found out that development of high performance marathon runners depends on many factors including the most important ones: purpose of the training proceeding, its control with regard to individual features of sportsman’s organism’s adaptation to training and race loads (Skernevičius, 1997; Milašius, 1997; Астранд, 1994). High performance runners are prepared for two marathons in a year. Therefore, control of the training process is one of the most complex. The research object: features of marathon runners’ training. The research aim: to analyse features of training of Lithuanian high mastership marathon runners. The surveyed: a many-times champion of long distance run in Lithuania, Marius Diliūnas, who has achieved the 15th result in marathon run in the country, and a prize winner of long distance run in Lithuania, Kęstutis Jankūnas, who has achieved the 20th result in marathon run in the country. When analysing plans of sportsmen training (sportsmen’s journals), the journal of trainer’s additional load accounting, attention was paid to intensity of training loads, indices of sportsmen’s pulse. The survey of scientific sources suggests that, when developing endurance, it is important to choose a proper intensity of exercises according to the planned result in marathon.
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Lakinger, Donna. "Motivational factors of marathon running /." View online, 2008. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131436229.pdf.

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Benz, Lisa. "Focus and refocusing techniques used by elite marathon runners." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28330.

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Although existing literature shows that the ability to focus is among the most important mental skills necessary for optimal performance (Krane & Williams, 2006; Orlick, 2008; Orlick & Partington, 1988), little is known about the focusing techniques that elite marathon runners apply to perform at an optimal level. In-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted with 10 elite international marathon runners examined what elite marathon runners focus on when they perform their best, and the techniques they use to refocus. Essential elements of focus were being positive, in the moment, having body awareness, and a progressively increasing intensity of focus. Elite marathon runners refocused through distractions by accepting control and lack of control, turning negatives into positives, and replacing the distraction with something else. This knowledge can potentially be applied to other athletes, thus helping them enhance their focus and their subsequent performances.
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Chesergon, Fred Kiplagat. "Factors associated with injuries among marathon runners in Eldoret, Kenya." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6250.

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Masters of Science - Msc (Physiotherapy)
Extrinsic factors like terrain, hard running surfaces or incorrect shoes have been known to be contributing factors to injury, and intrinsic factors such as poor flexibility, mal-alignment anthropometry, previous injury and running experience have been identified in playing a role too. Little is known about the factors associated with injuries among marathon runners in Eldoret, Kenya. It is therefore important to identify the possible risk factors associated with running injuries in order to prevent further injury and severe long-term complications
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Chan-Roper, Maggie Man-Yee. "Kinematic Changes During a Marathon for Fast and Slow Runners." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2676.

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The purpose of this study was to describe kinematic changes that occur during an actual marathon. We hypothesized that (1) certain running kinematic measures would change between miles 5 and 25 of a marathon and (2) fast runners would demonstrate smaller changes than slow runners. Subjects (n = 179) were selected according to finish time (Range = 2:20:47 to 5:30:10). Two high-speed cameras were used to measure sagittal-plane kinematics at miles 5 and 25 of the marathon. The dependent variables were stride length, ground time, peak knee flexion during support and swing, and peak hip flexion and extension during swing. Two-tailed paired t-tests were used to compare dependent variables between miles 5 and 25 for all subjects, and regression analyses were used to determine whether faster runners exhibited smaller changes (between miles 5 and 25) than slower runners. For all runners, every dependent variable changed significantly between miles 5 and 25 (p < 0.001). Stride length increased 1.3%, ground time increased 13.1%, peak knee flexion during support decreased 3.2%, and peak hip extension, knee flexion, and hip flexion during swing decreased 27.9%, increased 4.3%, and increased 7.4%, respectively (p<0.001). Among these significant changes, all runners generally changed the same from miles 5 to 25 except that fast runners decreased peak knee flexion during support less than the slow runners (p < 0.002). We believe these kinematic changes were an attempt by all runners (fast and slow) to decrease energy expenditure and enhance performance at the late stage of the race. The fact that fast runners maintained knee flexion during support more consistently might be due to their condition on the race day. Strengthening of knee extensor muscles may facilitate increased knee flexion during support throughout a marathon.
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Jensen, Carl Edward. "A longitudinal study of hormonal and semen profiles in a marathon runners." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27133.

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Over the past decade long distance marathon running has become an important recreational activity. There is evidence that males with high levels of physical activity have some impairment of fertility. In order to investigate this further, 24 male marathon runners were studied over a period of a year. Each runner was assessed at regular intervals using hormonal profiles, anthropomorphic indices and semen evaluation. The training time and distance run increased progressively over the first five months of the study as the runners prepared for the Two Oceans marathon. Analysis of the serum hormonal profiles in this longitudinal study showed that the prolactin level increased when comparing the initial study month with the rest of the year and the progesterone level decreased. However the luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone and estradiol (E2) levels remained unchanged. When the runners were divided into a high and low training group according to the distance run in the preceding week, the only significant difference was the lower mean serum FSH level in the high training group. A decrease in semen volume was demonstrated as the training time increased. This trend was reversed as the runners' training decreased after the Two Oceans marathon. The percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa showed an initial significant decrease in the first month of training. However, no significant difference was observed throughout the rest of year. An overall downward trend in semen motility in the first 5 months of the study was shown but this was only significant if the first and fifth study months were compared. The decrease in semen motility coincided with the period of maximum training. Since patients with an adequate sperm count but decreased motility have impaired fertility this finding is of considerable importance. In addition to the decrease in motility, there was a decrease in the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa when the initial month of low physical activity (December) was compared to all of the subsequent months analysed. This, too, is an important finding as the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa correlates directly with fertilisation and pregnancy rates. When the results were analysed in the high and low training months there was a significant difference in mean semen count and semen morphology. The mean count was higher in the high training group and this group also had a significantly higher normal morphology. However, there was no significant difference in semen volume and motility in the high and low training groups.
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Kaufman, Marsha Renee. "A Comparison of Motivational Differences Among Older Marathon Runners and Their Injury Status." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7395.

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Despite the high occurrence of running-related injuries, master level runners, those aged 40 years and older, account for 50% of all marathon finishers. What is not known is the common motive sustaining participation, especially among this age demographic. The self-determination theory was the theoretical framework to support how behavior is regulated by the individual. The purpose of this quantitative research was to identify a difference in the motives (psychological, physical, social, and achievement) and their subcategorical motives (health orientation, weight concern, affiliation, recognition, psychological coping, life meaning, self-esteem, competition, and personal goals) via the Motivations of Marathoners Scales by master level runners according to their injury status and gender. Two hundred and twenty-five master level runners from social media marathon running groups completed the online survey. The responses were analyzed using an independent-samples t test and an ANOVA. The results showed female master level runners statistically significant in psychological coping, life meaning, self-esteem, health orientation, weight concern, and affiliation which contributed to psychological, physical, and social motives while male master level runners were statistically significant only in the subcategory of competition. The implications for positive social change include a better understanding of motivation, its sustainment, and the adherence of physical activity behaviors to improve the positive influence among the current beliefs about aging and activity for better health of individuals and their communities.
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Keegan, Tara. "Runners of a Different Race: North American Indigenous Athletes and National Identities in the Early Twentieth Century." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20548.

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This thesis explores the intersection of indigeneity and modernity in early-twentieth-century North America by examining Native Americans in competitive running arenas in both domestic and international settings. Historians have analyzed sports to understand central facets of this intersection, including race, gender, nationalism, assimilation, and resistance. But running, specifically, embodies what was both indigenous and modern, a symbol of both racial and national worth at a time when those categories coexisted uneasily. The narrative follows one main case study: the “Redwood Highway Indian Marathon,” a 480-mile footrace from San Francisco, California, to Grants Pass, Oregon, contested between Native Americans from Northern California and New Mexico in 1927 and 1928. That race and others reveal how indigenous runners asserted both Native and modern American/Canadian/Mexican identities through sport, how mainstream societies understood modern indigenous people, and to what extent those societies embraced images of “Indianness” in regional and national identities, economies, and cultures.
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Books on the topic "Marathon runners"

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The marathon makers. London: John Blake, 2008.

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Florence, Glover Shelly-lynn, ed. The runner's training diary: For fitness runners and competitive racers. 2nd ed. New York: Penguin Books, 2006.

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Florence, Glover Shelly-lynn, ed. The runner's training diary: For fitness runners and competitive racers. New York: Penguin Books, 1997.

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Greene, Laurence S. Training young distance runners. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2015.

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1919-, Coe Peter N., and Martin David E. 1939-, eds. Better training for distance runners. 2nd ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1997.

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R, Pate Russell, ed. Training for young distance runners. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1997.

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R, Pate Russell, ed. Training for young distance runners. 2nd ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2004.

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Her longest marathon: A marathon runner's courageous recovery from a devastating accident. Nevada City, CA: Blue Dolphin Pub., 2008.

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Take 10 and reach the Boston marathon. [Ottawa]: Norman Marcotte, 2014.

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Unaufhaltsam bis zum Marathon: Läuferinnen in der Kulturgeschichte des Sports. Saarbrücken: VDM, Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Marathon runners"

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Benferhat, Djamel, Frédéric Guidec, and Patrice Quinton. "Cardiac Monitoring of Marathon Runners Using Disruption-Tolerant Wireless Sensors." In Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient Intelligence, 395–402. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35377-2_55.

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Roelandt, J., P. Verdouw, H. Rijsterborgh, and J. Hartog. "Aerobic exercise and cardiac size: an echocardiographic study of Rotterdam marathon runners." In Sports Cardiology, 85–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4257-8_10.

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Feely, Ciara, Brian Caulfield, Aonghus Lawlor, and Barry Smyth. "An Extended Case-Based Approach to Race-Time Prediction for Recreational Marathon Runners." In Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, 335–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14923-8_22.

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Kamosiński, Sławomir. "The Communist New Man Versus the Bourgeois Individual: Family Enterprise in Poland and East Germany." In Roadblocks to the Socialist Modernization Path and Transition, 173–96. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37050-2_7.

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AbstractThe operation in the Polish People’s Republic and the German Democratic Republic of the non-socialized sector of the economy (the individual sector), in particular the limited number of family firms, was a remarkable phenomenon in the centrally planned economic system that prioritized socialized (‘nationalized’) ownership. The stability of legal rights to own and freely use property is of key importance for the everyday operation of small family firms. Sometimes referred to as ‘business marathon runners’, family firms are organizations of long duration. They draw on past experience and form their individual ritual of cooperation with those around them, based on tradition, ethics, and the so-called ‘principles of the founder’. This chapter aims to explain the mechanisms that allowed the foundation of family businesses in an economic system that was based mainly on nationalized ownership of the means of production accompanied by central planning and administratively determined prices.
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Jones, Siana, Matthew Kinsella, Camilla Torlasco, Pardis Kaynezhad, Isabel de Roever, James C. Moon, Alun D. Hughes, and Gemma Bale. "Improvements in Skeletal Muscle Can Be Detected Using Broadband NIRS in First-Time Marathon Runners." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 245–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34461-0_31.

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McConnell, Cathal, and Barry Smyth. "Going Further with Cases: Using Case-Based Reasoning to Recommend Pacing Strategies for Ultra-Marathon Runners." In Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, 358–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29249-2_24.

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Jones, Siana, Matthew Kinsella, Camilla Torlasco, Pardis Kaynezhad, Isabel de Roever, James C. Moon, Alun D. Hughes, and Gemma Bale. "Correction to: Improvements in Skeletal Muscle Can Be Detected Using Broadband NIRS in First-Time Marathon Runners." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, C1. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34461-0_54.

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Jaffard, Stéphane, Guillaume Saës, Wejdene Ben Nasr, Florent Palacin, and Véronique Billat. "A Review of Univariate and Multivariate Multifractal Analysis Illustrated by the Analysis of Marathon Runners Physiological Data." In Trends in Mathematics, 3–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36375-7_1.

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Sheng-lin, Zhang. "Excellent Man Marathon Runners and Plateau, Plateau Training Period Portion of the Blood in the Index Comparison Analysis." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1473–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7618-0_162.

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Cavallaro, Umberto. "Sunita Williams: A Marathon Runner in Space." In Women Spacefarers, 295–301. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34048-7_46.

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Conference papers on the topic "Marathon runners"

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Tang, Pan, Yinya Yu, and Longxing Qi. "Optimal design for speed distribution of marathon runners." In 2020 35th Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese Association of Automation (YAC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/yac51587.2020.9337714.

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Qin', Xuanye, and Yinghua Zhang. "Electrocardiogram signals for fatigue analyses of marathon runners." In 2022 2nd International Conference on Information Technology and Contemporary Sports (TCS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcs56119.2022.9918808.

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Marra, M., A. Di Gregorio, P. Alicante, O. Di Vincenzo, R. Sammarco, E. Speranza, I. Cioffi, and L. Scalfi. "Evaluation of Body Composition in Competitive Male Marathon Runners." In 6th International Congress on Sport Sciences Research and Technology Support. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007232301580160.

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Slepičková, Irena, and Pavel Slepička. "Boom of road races in the Czech Republic – sport for all or luxury amusement?" In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-33.

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Nowadays, similar to worldwide trends, running has become very popular in the Czech Republic. Since the mid of 1990s, the business sector has become very active in this area. Private companies organise many road races for the public, including participation of top level runners (i.e. Prague International Marathon). In 2016, within the framework of the international project IRNIST, we realised an empirical descriptive study of the Mattoni ½ Marathon in Ústí nad Labem, a middle size town. The IRNIST questionnaire was used. Analysing data on 491 runners (of 2,238 runners finished the race) we found that concern-ing socio-economic status of respondents, 56.9% of runners have a university education, one third advanced secondary education; and 63% earn more than the average wage. Participant were able to spend quite a lot of money for participation costs. These results raise the issue if the privatization and commercialization of running for the masses does not cause limit for sport participation for all.
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Santos, Juliana, André Bachi, Luiz Luna Junior, Roberta Foster, Ana Sierra, Marino Benetti, José Araújo, et al. "Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in marathon runners is associated with higher nasal neutrophilic infiltrate after marathon." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.2889.

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Smyth, Barry, and Padraig Cunningham. "Marathon Race Planning: A Case-Based Reasoning Approach." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/754.

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We describe and evaluate a novel application of case-based reasoning to help marathon runners to achieve a personal best by: (a) predicting a challenging, but realistic race-time; and (b) recommending a race-plan to achieve this time.
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Boano, Carlo Alberto, Matteo Lasagni, and Kay Romer. "Non-invasive measurement of core body temperature in Marathon runners." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Body Sensor Networks (BSN). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bsn.2013.6575484.

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Stork, Milan, Jaroslav Novak, and Pavel Broz. "Cardiac Output Estimation for Marathon Runners and its Mathematical Model." In 2019 8th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/meco.2019.8760197.

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Herbert, AJ, AG Williams, SJ Lockey, RM Erskine, PJ Hennis, C. Sale, SH Day, and GK Stebbings. "4 Associations of bone mineral density-related genes and marathon performance in elite european caucasian marathon runners." In International Sports Science + Sports Medicine Conference 2017 ABSTRACTS, Incorporating Sports Physiotherapy and Strength & Conditioning, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England 5–7th September 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098966.4.

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Li, XiaoTang, ZhiLiang Zeng, and Ying Luo. "The Physical Fitness Monitoring And Recovery Plan Of Elite Marathon Runners." In 2015 International Conference on Social Science, Education Management and Sports Education. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ssemse-15.2015.69.

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Reports on the topic "Marathon runners"

1

Allen, Eric, Patricia Dechow, Devin Pope, and George Wu. Reference-Dependent Preferences: Evidence from Marathon Runners. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20343.

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