Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Marc Chagall'

Among the many readings of this painter, I try to draw up a narrative reading of his work, taking into account the Jewish tradition in which both his biography and his artistic work were deeply involved. Once I have discussed this point in the first part of my doctoral thesis, I suggest the possibility of developing a hermeneutic narrative in painting, with the help of other contributions. Chagall is an artist who passes on and expresses experiences, recreates moments of his childhood, constantly expressing love for his hometown, Vitebsk; he narrates building and making fiction of images and pictorial metaphors
Dentro de las muchas lecturas de este pintor, intento hacer una lectura narrativa de su obra, teniendo en cuenta su integración en la tradición judía en cuya atmósfera pervive tanto su biografía como su producción artística. Una vez trabajado este primer espacio concreto de mi tesis, insinúo la posibilidad de elaborar con más ayudas y otras colaboraciones una hermenéutica narrativa en pintura. Chagall es un artista que transmite experiencias, recrea momentos de su infancia, trasmitiendo constantemente el amor a su pueblo natal, Vitebsk; narra construyendo y ficcionando imágenes y metáforas pictóricas

Pour déterminer la place de Jésus le Christ dans l'oeuvre de Chagall, nous nous appuyons sur un corpus de 365 œuvres comportant le Motif du Crucifié ainsi que différents documents littéraires (lettres, biographie, poèmes). Notre approche plurielle touche aux domaines de l'histoire de l'art, de la théologie et de l'histoire du judaïsme ( en particulier de la Shoah) et du christianisme, ainsi que de l'exégèse biblique. Une première partie recense les lectures critiques et interprétatives des monographes concernant le motif chez le peintre ; lectures influencées par l'appartenance culturelle et religieuse de leur auteur. Une seconde partie explore les influences reçues par l'artiste : culturelles, artistiques, ethniques, religieuses et historiques. Elle se penche notamment sur les divergences entre les communautés chrétiennes et juives concernant la personne de Jésus. Une troisième partie présente la place tout à fait remarquable que le motif du crucifié occupe chez un artiste issu du judaïsme et pose la question de l'utilisation, par un juif, d'un motif chrétien. La quatrième partie présente la place du motif dans l'oeuvre de l'artiste, une place méconnue, sous-évaluée, contestée. Une étude des thèmes et motifs associés, sous les catégories du grotesque, du déport et du report, permet de suivre l'itinéraire d'un peintre qui découvre, s'approprie et dépasse un motif de l'art chrétien. Une lecture rétrospective du déploiement du motif découvre alors une lecture polysémique et pluri religieuse du motif qui fait de Chagall un visionnaire
To determine the place of Jesus the Christ in the works of Chagall, we rely on a corpus of 365 artistic works with the motif of Christ crucified and different literary documents (such as letters, biography and poems). Among other things we refer to the different fields of the history of Art, Judaism (Shoah), and Christianity as well as the biblical exegesis. The first part specifies the critical and interpretative readings being influenced by the cultural and religious belonging of their author. The second part explores the different influences received by the artist from the cultural, artistic, ethnic, religious and historical point of view. It particularly focuses on the divergences between the Christian and Jewish communities concerning Jesus Christ. The third part puts forward the remarkable place of the motif of Christ crucified takes in an artist born of Judaism. It asks the question of the use of a Christian motif by a Jew. The fourth part introduces the place of the motif in the artist works, a place which is unknown, under-evaluated, and contested. A study of the topics and associated motives under the categories of “grotesque”, “report” and “deport” introduces the viewer to the path of a painter who discovers, appropriates and transcends a motif in Christian art. Consequently, the careful retrospective reading of the motif emphasizes the polysemic and pluri-religious side of the design which definitively makes a visionary of Chagall

In considering Chagall's art the observer is immediately struck by the constancy of his almost obsessive repetition of certain symbols and themes. In this way Chagall has created his own fantasy world, one with which the observer soon becomes acquainted and grows to love and understand.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude des illustrations bibliques de Marc Chagall (1887-1985). Dès le commencement de son travail pour la Bible (publiée en 1956 par Tériade) dans les années 1920, il s’approprie le thème biblique comme sujet central de son art et se sert de ses compositions comme modèle iconographique permanent pour les autres œuvres bibliques. On analyse cette Bible ainsi que tous les autres livres bibliques illustrés par Chagall (Dessins pour la Bible (1960), The Story of the Exodus (1966), Psaumes de David (1979 et 1980) en vue de déceler leurs particularités et estimer leurs places dans l’ensemble de l’art religieux de l’artiste. En effet, le parcours de Chagall donne à voir un être toujours en mouvement entre son monde d’origine juive et le monde étranger. Ce va-et-vient crée en lui une dualité du monde intérieur et du monde extérieur, qui agit comme une dynamique dans ses créations. Les eaux-fortes pour la Bible représentent tout à fait cette dynamique. Or, ce caractère disparaît lorsque Chagall s’approprie le monde étranger comme le sien ; la dualité s’efface pour évoluer vers une unité et une synthèse des différentes cultures présentes chez lui. À mesure que ses œuvres prennent de l’ampleur, l’artiste s’efforce de les doter d’un message et d’un caractère plus universels. En développant sa philosophie de paix et d’amour universels, fondée sur son interprétation du message biblique, Chagall recherche à travers ses œuvres religieuses une grande synthèse dans laquelle il y a une dynamique et une continuité de l’Ancien au Nouveau Testament et du judaïsme au christianisme
This study examines all of the Bible illustrations made by Marc Chagall. Once he started to work on the Bible by etching, the biblical theme became the major subject of his art, and these etchings have been largely used as a model for his other works. We analyse this Bible and all of the other biblical illustrated books of Chagall to find out their characteristics and their meanings in his entire religious art. In fact, we can notice in Chagall’s journey from his birth to his Bible illustrations that this artist has continually been moving between his own Jewish tradition and the outside world. These comings and goings make in him a duality and it becomes dynamic in his creations. His etchings for the Bible show especially this feature. They take root in Jewish tradition but also show various marks of different cultures known by the artist. Nevertheless, we can’t find this characteristic again in any of his other biblical illustrated books, because in appropriating the outside world as his own, the duality disappears and unites. As he works on stained-glass windows in churches, he develops a philosophical view of the universal peace and love based on his interpretation of the biblical message. Then he seeks this universality through all his religious works and biblical illustrations until his last days

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This dissertation presents and analyses the symbol of Marc Chagall The bridegroom and the three musicians", dated in 1972. In this work the symbol is related to the idea of sacrifice as in the part of unconditional love. The analyses of this paint implied in the detailed studies of the artist s life with emphasis in his religious memory. Chagall was born in Russia, Jewish son lived in a traditional Judaic village, in 1887 had begun in the artistic world, in the early 20th century, in 1910, when moved to Paris. His use of symbols allows us to understand more properly his artistic production as well as his personal history. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between the artist s work of art and the influence he suffered in culture through religious education. Therefore, this research has an interdisciplinary character and fits perfectly in the graduate program of Education, Art and History of Culture at the Mackenzie Presbyterian University. The main references refer to the theories proposed by Jean Paul Ronecker, when referring to the symbolism of the animal in the history of culture and art with contribution of Carl Gustav Jung through the book The man and your symbols . With Theoretical basis in the religious symbolism in the culture, involving Judaism and Christianity were also consulted Anatol Rosenfeld and the Brazilian philosopher Mario Ferreira dos Santos. From a methodological point of view, multiple paths were covered: visits to museums with exhibits of Chagall s works of arts in Brazil and France, as well as interviews with a French artist Jean Claude Pradier and the Brazilian Rabbi Isaac Rabier sharing the same artist Jewish religious line. Interviews were also conducted with Chagall in several stages of his life, acquired in video and audio. It was concluded that in the analysed work, symbolic elements related to Judaism and Christianity, are together as regards to the meanings that refer to human feelings with emphasis in universal love and their relationship with divine love.
Esta dissertação apresenta e analisa o símbolo do cordeiro na obra de Marc Chagall, Os noivos e os três músicos", datado em 1972.Nessa obra, esse símbolo está relacionado à idéia de sacrifício como parte do amor incondicional. A análise dessa pintura implicou no estudo detalhado da vida do artista, com ênfase na sua memória religiosa. Chagall nasceu na Rússia, filho de judeus viveu em uma aldeia tradicionalmente judaica, em 1887 e iniciou-se no mundo artístico no início do século XX, em 1910, quando mudou-se para Paris. O uso que faz dos símbolos permite compreender mais adequadamente sua produção artística, bem como sua trajetória pessoal. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi apontar as relações entre a obra de arte do artista e a influência que sofreu na cultura por meio da educação religiosa. Por isso mesmo, esta pesquisa tem um caráter interdisciplinar e se insere perfeitamente no programa de pós-graduação em Educação, Arte e História da Cultura da Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie. As principais referências bibliográficas remetem as teorias propostas por Jean Paul Ronecker, quando se refere ao simbolismo do animal na história da cultura e na arte com as contribuições de Carl Gustav Jung através do livro O homem e seus símbolos. Com base teórica sobre o simbolismo na cultura religiosa, envolvendo o judaísmo e o cristianismo, foram também consultados Anatol Rosenfeld e o filósofo brasileiro Mário Ferreira dos Santos. Do ponto de vista metodológico, vários caminhos foram percorridos: visitas a museus com exposições das obras de arte de Chagall, no Brasil e na França, bem como entrevistas com um artista francês Jean Claude Pradier e o rabino brasileiro Isaac Rabier que compartilha da mesma linha religiosa judaica do artista. Foram também utilizadas entrevistas realizadas com Chagall em diversas fases de sua vida, adquiridas em vídeo e em áudio.Concluiu-se que na obra analisada, elementos simbólicos relacionados ao judaísmo e ao cristianismo, estão juntos no que se refere aos significados que remetem aos sentimentos humanos, com ênfase no amor universal e suas relações com o amor divino.

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Ao mesclar elementos tradicionais da cultura russo-judaica com as influências das vanguardas artísticas do século XX, o pintor Marc Chagall (1887-1985) desenvolveu um estilo único, criando um mundo mágico, repleto de seres que exercem um verdadeiro fascínio sobre o imaginário humano. O presente trabalho aborda os diversos pontos de conexão entre a obra desse artista e o teatro, de forma a agenciar elementos para a construção do texto dramatúrgico Sobre a aldeia. Num primeiro momento, busco tais elementos através do estudo de aspectos da biografia de Chagall, na qual destaco a forte influência do teatro sobre sua obra, além de suas experiências como cenógrafo. Num segundo momento, a partir de uma discussão sobre o conceito de teatralidade, analiso como tal noção se manifesta em algumas obras do artista. A análise da teatralidade em Chagall constitui uma etapa fundamental em meu processo metodológico de criação dramatúrgica, pois é a partir dela que empreendo a aproximação entre a linguagem da pintura e a linguagem do teatro. Para tanto, articulo ainda o conceito de teatralidade com noções bachelardianas acerca da imaginação criadora, de forma a conceber o espaço da tela como um palco. Será somente após analisar os aspectos históricos que ligam a obra de Chagall à arte do teatro e como essa arte se manifesta em seus trabalhos que, munido de elementos materiais e imaginários suficientes para a criação de meu texto dramatúrgico, apresento Sobre a aldeia.Palavras-chave: Marc Chagall, teatralidade, dramaturgia, história da arte.
Universidade Federal da Bahia. Escola de Dança/ Escola de Teatro. Salvador-Ba, 2012.

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The present study is dedicated to Helena Kolody s work. During her lifetime she was a substantiated poet and has been considered the most important female voice in the poetry from Paraná, she produced a remarkable poetry and she was the precursor of determined forms in the Brazilian literary history. The religiosity as the central axis pervades Kolody s work to meet significant and deep relations toward the theme of love. In a last moment, by approaching the intrinsic relation between the poetry and the image, a parallel is traced between Helena s and the painter and poet Marc Chagall s work. The work outlines the particular way used by Helena Kolody to lead to a view of transcendence from an impossible love.
O presente estudo se dedica à obra de Helena Kolody. Poeta consubstanciada ainda em vida como a mais importante voz feminina da poesia paranaense, produziu uma poética marcante e foi precursora de determinadas formas na história literária brasileira. Tomando como eixo central a questão da religiosidade, perpassa-se a obra de Kolody encontrando relações significativas e profundas com a temática do Amor. Num último momento, abordando a relação intrínseca entre imagem e poesia, traça-se um paralelo entre a produção de Helena e a obra de Marc Chagall, o pintor-poeta. O trabalho delineia o modo particular como Helena Kolody conduziu uma visão de transcendência a partir de um amor impossível. Constatou-se que uma estrutura profundamente cristã sobressai-se no todo da obra Kolodyana.

La comparaison entre les associations observées dans l'autobiographie de Marc Chagall et les représentations figuratives trouvées dans ses tableaux pose la question du rôle de l'angoisse dans le processus créateur. L'analyse de contenu de l'autobiographie de Richard Wagner, mise en parallèle avec la thématique de ses œuvres lyriques, tragédies et livrets d'opéra, met en évidence que ce rôle est central. Si la pression de l'angoisse déclenche le processus, sa nécessaire maitrise est obtenue par la symbolisation de ses composantes, et par un transfert d'énergie pulsionnelle de l7 angoisses à la création. L'angoisse enfin alimente la création de ses propres matériaux, qui sont en l'occurrence chez Wagner des matériaux d'origine œdipienne. La création constitue ainsi pour le créateur sa thérapie et son salut
The associations abserved in Chagall's autobiography in comparison with the figurative representations scattered in the paintings lead to the question of the role of anguish in the creative porcess. The content analysis of Wagner's autobiography in comparison with the thematic of his lyric works, tragedies and librettos, shows clearly that this role is paramount. If the pressure of anguish triggers the process, its necessary control is achieved with the symbolisation of its parts, and through a transfer of impulsive energy from anguish to creation. At last, anguish feeds the creation of its own materials, which are with Wagner of oedipian extraction. For the creator, creation is then his therapy and his salvation

The aim of my master degree graduation theses was gathering information about the work of the composer Peter Eben and above all his composition ?Windows? inspired by Marc Chagall´s painting. My work consists of three main parts. First is the composer´s biography, second the list of his compositions. In the third part I tried to focus on the musical analysis of the composition, as well as the interpretation problems of the work itself. I hope that my work will be of some help to the next interprets of the compositions of Peter Eben, particularily his ? Windows?.

Background: Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) is today a significant item to be considered in monitoring and treatment of individuals and populations, especially those related to chronic conditions or palliative actions. As a measure, HRQoL has proven useful in several areas of health-related practices and clinical research, besides the organization and resource allocation. Despite the importance of medical social conditions surrounding the patient with Chagasdisease (AHC) and those patients with pacemaker (PM) at the Brazilian health scenarie, yet few knowledge is available, about, the problems related to their HRQoL. Objective: To investigate the pattern of HRQoL in patients with dch and in pacemaker patients, raising the possible associations between clinical, sociodemographic aspects, and test results and the lowest scores of HRQoL. The studies will be presented as original papers. Article 1: The HRQoL was availed in 139 patients with PM, 77 with ChD, 31 non-chagasic (NCh) and 31 without serological confirmation for ChD. It was used the physical and mental summaryof the generic instrument Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form (SF36) associated with the Assessment of QUAlity of Life and RELated events (AQUAREL), specific for pacemaker patients. We performed uni and multivariate analyses in multiple linear regression model. Results The worset HRQoL was related in PM patients with: ChD, female condition, single condition and worst funcional class. In the multivariate analysis, the worset functional class was noted as an independent predictor of poor HRQoL in the SF36 physical summary andin all domains of AQUAREL. The single situation and retired situation proved to be predictors of worset HRQoL for the SF36 mental summary and females condition was the worst predictor to the AQUAREL arrhythmia domain. Article 2: We evaluated HRQoL in a 146 patients group , 125 with ChD and 21 NCh by SF36 and specific Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLWHFQ). The combination of the worst HRQoL scores with independent variables was tested by univariate and multivariate analysis using the ordinal logistic regressionmodel of proportional odds. Results: ChD pacients had the worse HRQoL scores than NCh pacients in physical capacity and emotional aspect domains of SF36 and MLWHFQ. For those pacients with ChD association was found between HRQL scores and educational level , sex, marital status, medicine use, functional class, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms. Independent predictors of poor HRQoL of ChD pacient were female sex, few years of education, single association, and worst functional class, cardiovascular symptoms and gastrointestinal symptoms, associated diseases, abnormal Dopplerechocardiogram, and Holter ventricular arrhythmia. Final considerations: In both studies we pointed out the negative influence of ChD for HRQoL of patients. Functional class, for those with MP, and cardiovascular symptoms for those with ChD , appeared as the strongest independent predictors of poor HRQoL. Methodological issues involved as well as challenges in the evaluation and interpretation of results must be considered. Finally, the studies point out the relevance of including systematic point of view of the patient in the rethinking of the Brazilian current biomedical model .
Fundamentos: a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) é hojeimportante quesito a ser considerado no acompanhamento e tratamento de indivíduos e populações, principalmente os relacionados a condições crônicas ou ações paliativas. Como parâmetro, a QVRS tem se mostrado útil em diversas áreas da saúde relacionadas à pratica e à pesquisa clínica, além da organização e alocação de recursos. Apesar da importância médico-social que cerca as condições dos pacientes com doença de Chagas (dCh) e dos portadores de marca-passo (MP) no panorama de saúde brasileiro, ainda pouco se conhece dos aspectos relacionados à sua QVRS. Objetivo: investigar o perfil da QVRS de pacientes com dCh e portadores de MP, levantando possíveis associações entre aspectos clínicos, sociodemográficos e resultado de exames e piores escores de QVRS. Os estudos serão apresentados na forma de artigos originais. Artigo 1: a QVRS foi avaliada em 139 pacientes portadores de MP, 77 com dCh, 31 nãochagásicos(NCh) e 31 sem confirmação sorológica para dCh. Utilizou-se osumário físico e mental do instrumento genérico Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form (SF36) associado ao Assessment of QUAlity of life and RELated events (AQUAREL), específico para portadores de MP. Foram realizadas análises uni e multivariada em modelo de regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: relacionaram-se a pior QVRS nos portadores de MP: dCh, sexo feminino, condição de solteiro e a pior classe funcional. Na análise multivariada, a pior classe funcional destacou-se como preditora independente de baixa QVRS nosumário físico do SF36 e em todos os domínios do AQUAREL. A situação de solteiro e a de aposentado revelaram-se preditoras independentes de pior QVRS para o sumário mental do SF36 e o sexo feminino foi preditor de pior QVRS para o domínio arritmia do AQUAREL. Artigo 2: avaliou-se a QVRS em grupo de 146 pacientes, 125 com dCh e 21 NCh, pelo SF36 e o específico Minnesota LivingWith Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLWHFQ). A associação dos piores escores deQVRS com variáveis independentes foi testada por análise uni e multivariada, utilizando-se o modelo de regressão logistiva ordinal de chances proporcionais. Resultados: os pacientes Ch apresentaram piores escores de QVRS que os NCh, nos domínios capacidade física e aspecto emocional do SF36 e no MLWHFQ. Para aqueles pacientes com dCh foi encontrada associação entre os escores QVRS e nível de educação, sexo, situação conjugal, uso de medicamentos,classe funcional, sintomas cardiovasculares e gastrointestinais. Preditores independentes de pior QVRS dos Ch foram: sexo feminino, menos anos de estudo, situação de solteiro, pior classe funcional, presença de: sintomas cardiovasculares, sintomas gastrointestinais, doenças associadas, alteração no Doppler ecocardiograma e arritmia ventricular ao holter. Considerações finais: nos dois estudos realizados ressalta-se a influência negativa da dCh para QVRS dos pacientes. A classe funcional, para os que possuem MP, e os sintomas cardiovasculares, para aqueles com dCh, aparecem como os mais fortes preditores independentes de pior QVRS. Os aspectos metodológicos envolvidos, assim como os desafios na avaliação e interpretação dos resultados, devem ser considerados. Finalmente, os estudos acentuam a relevância da inclusão sistemática do ponto de vista do paciente no repensar do atual modelo biomédico brasileiro.

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Background: Chagas disease is a public health and social problem in Latin America due to its high incidence, morbidity and mortality. Chagas cardiomyopathy is manifested mainly by sudden cardiac death, chronic systolic heart failure, thromboembolism, ventricular arrhythmias and advanced atrioventricular block. The right ventricular pacing is a common treatment modality in patients with chronic systolic heart failure secondary to Chagas cardiomyopathy with advanced atrioventricular block. However, it is unknown if the clinical course or the prognosis of patients with right ventricular pacing is worse than that seen in non-paced patients. Aim: Establish the role of permanent pacemaker implantation on the prognosis of patients with Chagas disease heart failure. Methods: All patients with chronic systolic heart failure secondary to Chagas cardiomyopathy followed at our institution between January 2000 and December 2008 were considered for the study. A model of Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine the role of right ventricular pacing as an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in this population. The Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed to estimate the probability of survival in patients with and without right ventricular pacing, which were compared by the log rank test. Results: A total of 216 patients were enrolled; 116 (55%) were not treated with right ventricular pacing, but 100 (45%) patients were paced. One hundred and ten (51%) patients died during the study. No difference was observed in the mortality rate in paced (54%) in comparison to non-paced (56%) (p = 0.24). Pacemaker therapy for ventricular pacing was not a predictor of all-cause mortality in either univariate or multivariate analysis. Median follow-up was 19 (8, 43) months. However
Introdução: A doença de Chagas é um grave problema de saúde pública e social em países da América Latina devido a sua alta incidência, morbidade e mortalidade. A cardiomiopatia chagásica manifesta-se principalmente por morte súbita cardíaca, insuficiência cardíaca crônica sistólica, tromboembolismo, arritmias ventriculares e bloqueio atrioventricular avançado. A estimulação ventricular direita, através do implante de marcapasso unicameral, é uma modalidade de tratamento frequente em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca crônica sistólica secundária à cardiomiopatia chagásica, que apresentam bloqueio atrioventricular avançado. No entanto, não se sabe a estimulação cardíaca em ventrículo direito, a longo prazo, teria efeitos maléficos sobre a função cardíaca desses pacientes. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do implante de marcapasso definitivo com estimulação ventricular direita no prognóstico de pacientes com Insuficiência Cardíaca Crônica Sistólica secundária à cardiomiopatia Chagásica. Métodos: Todos os pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca crônica secundária a cardiomiopatia chagásica seguido em nossa instituição entre janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2008 foram considerados para o estudo. Um modelo de riscos proporcionais de Cox foi utilizado para determinar o papel da estimulação elétrica ventricular direita como um fator de predição independente de mortalidade geral para esta população. As curvas de Kaplan-Meier foram construídas para estimar a probabilidade de sobrevida em pacientes com e sem marcapasso cardíaco de estimulação ventricular direita, que foram comparadas pelo teste de log rank. Resultados: Um total de 216 pacientes foram incluídos no estudo, 116 (55%) não possuíam marcapasso cardíaco artificial implantado, e 100 (45%) eram portadores de marcapasso cardíaco artificial. Cento e dez (51%) pacientes foram a óbito durante o estudo; não houve diferença significativa na taxa de óbito entre pacientes portadores (54%) e não portadores (56%) de marcapasso cardíaco artificial (p=0,24). A terapia com marcapasso definitivo de estimulação ventricular direita não foi um preditor de mortalidade geral e nem de hospitalização, quer na análise univariada ou na multivariada. A mediana de acompanhamento foi de 19 (8, 43) meses. Porém o tratamento com digoxina, o não tratamento com betabloqueadores e a concentração de sódio plasmático igual ou menor que 140mEq/L foram preditores independentes de mortalidade tanto na univariada como na multivariada (p<0,005). O tempo médio de uso de marcapasso foi de 54 ± 51 meses. Probabilidade de sobrevida aos 12, 24, 36 e 48 meses foi de 84%, 67%, 58% e 46%, respectivamente, em pacientes com marcapasso, e 94%, 85%, 80% e 74%, respectivamente, em pacientes sem marcapasso (p>0,05). Conclusão: A estimulação do ventrículo direito não é um preditor independente de mortalidade geral em pacientes com cardiomiopatia chagásica com insuficiência cardíaca crônica sistólica.

Introdução - Em pacientes com doença de Chagas a evolução para cardiomiopatia chagásica crônica (CCC) ocorre em cerca de 20-40%, e as principais causas de morte são insuficiência cardíaca (IC), morte súbita e eventos tromboembólicos. A CCC pode comprometer o sistema de condução, e representa uma das mais frequentes indicações de implante de marca-passo definitivo (MPD) no Brasil. Inúmeras variáveis já foram avaliadas na tentativa de estratificar o risco destes pacientes, no entanto, pacientes com CCC portadores de MPD foram excluídos dos principais estudos a esse respeito. Objetivos - Primário: 1. Determinar as variáveis clínico-funcionais preditoras de morte; 2. Elaboração de escore de risco de mortalidade total. Secundário - Determinar a taxa de eventos cardiovasculares. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, unicêntrico, observacional, realizado em pacientes com CCC e MPD. Na inclusão, os pacientes foram submetidos a questionário clínico-funcional, eletrocardiograma, ecocardiograma e avaliação eletrônica do MPD. Os pacientes foram seguidos por pelo menos 24 meses. Regressão logística foi utilizada para identificação de preditores de mortalidade total. Resultados - Foram incluídos 493 pacientes e durante o seguimento, ocorreram 80 óbitos (16,2%). O modelo final de regressão logística múltipla apresentou calibração (teste de Hosmer Lemeshow 0,933), discriminação (área sob a curva 0,74) e performance global (escore de Brier 0,12) adequados, e identificou cinco preditores independentes de morte: classe funcional NYHA III/IV (OR [odds ratio] 4,33; IC95% 1,76-10,64; p=0,001), cardiomegalia avaliada pela radiografia de tórax (OR 2,31; IC95% 1,21-4,39; p=0,011), fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo <= 40% (OR 2,32; IC95% 1,34-4,01; p=0,003), sexo masculino (OR 2,01; intervalo de confiança 95% [IC95%] 1,17-3,47; p=0,011) e fibrilação atrial (OR 1,78; IC95% 1,00-3,16; p=0,049). A pontuação para cada uma destas variáveis para composição do escore foi de 15, 8, 8, 7 e 6 pontos, respectivamente. Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos de risco conforme pontuação total: baixo risco (0-7 pontos), médio risco (8-15 pontos) e alto risco ( > 16 pontos). A validação interna do modelo final foi efetuada pela técnica de reamostragem de bootstrap, baseado em 200 replicações. Conclusão: Este estudo identificou preditores independentes de morte e elaborou escore de risco de fácil aplicação clínica e específico para pacientes com CCC e MPD
Introduction - Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) develops in roughly 20-40% of Chagas disease patients and the main causes of death are heart failure, sudden death and thromboembolic events. CCC compromises the heart conduction system and represents a common indication for pacemaker implantation in Brazil. Studies aiming to identify risk factors to better stratify patients with CCC did not include pacemaker users. Objectives - Primary: 1. Identify predictors of death; 2. Create a risk score for mortality. Secondary - Determine the rate of cardiovascular events. Methods - Observational, unicentric and prospective study in CCC patients with pacemaker. The patients were submitted to clinical and pacemaker evaluation, electrocardiogram and echocardiogram. They were followed for at least 24 months. We applied logistic regression in order to identify predictors of death. Results - Four hundred ninety-three patients were included and during the follow-up, 80 patients (16.2%) died. The final multivariate logistic regression model yielded proper calibration (Hosmer Lemeshow test 0.933), discrimination (area under the curve 0.74) and global performance (Brier score 0.12). Five predictors of death were identified: heart failure functional class III or IV (OR [odds ratio] 4.33; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.76- 10.64; p=0.001); cardiomegaly on radiography (OR 2.31; 95%CI 1.21-4.39; p=0.011); left ventricular ejection fraction <= 40% (OR 2.32; 95%CI 1.34-4.01; p=0.003); male gender (OR 2.01; 95%CI 1.17-3.47; p=0.011) and atrial fibrillation (OR 1.78; 95%CI 1.00-3.16; p=0.049). Each variable contributes to the risk score with 15, 8, 8, 7 and 6 points, respectively. We calculate risk scores for each patient and defined three groups: low risk (0-7 points), intermediate risk (8-15 points) and high risk ( > 16points). Internal validation was performed by means of bootstrap technique, based in 200 replications. Conclusions - This study identified predictors of death and created a simple and specific risk score for CCC patients with pacemaker

Considerando o grave quadro das doenças negligenciadas, no Brasil e no mundo, e as limitações do tratamento empregado, na atualidade, torna-se urgente a pesquisa de novos fármacos, que sejam mais ativos e seguros. Para tanto, a busca de moléculas-protótipo, a partir de espécies vegetais, tem sido importante estratégia. Neste contexto, foi realizado o estudo de Annona crassiflora Mart. (Annonaceae), cujos alcalóides totais (AT) demonstraram promissora atividade antiprotozoária in vitro, em estudo anterior. Em paralelo, outras espécies de Annona mostraram atividade antimicobacteriana in vitro, igualmente, tendo motivado o presente estudo. Cinco das vinte frações alcaloídicas obtidas, por cromatografia em coluna, a partir dos AT das folhas, apresentaram atividade anti-Leishmania in vitro, tendo causado 100% de morte das formas promastigotas de Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi. Além disto, três delas foram ativas frente ao Mycobacterium tuberculosis. O isolamento de dois alcalóides noraporfínicos foi realizado, por fracionamento biomonitorado em coluna cromatográfica, seguido de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) semipreparativa. As estruturas dos compostos isolados foram elucidadas empregando-se as análises espectroscópicas de ressonância magnética nuclear, mono e bidimensionais, e por CLAE acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CLAEIES-EM2). Um dos alcalóides foi identificado pela primeira vez, nesta espécie, sendo que o outro apresentou estrutura inédita. Ambos demonstraram significativa atividade anti-Leishmania in vitro (CE50≤ 10 µ g/ mL) frente às formas promastigotas de L. (L.) infantum chagasi [MHOM/BR/1972/LD]. O primeiro teve maior índice de seletividade (IS: 7,4), em relação à citotoxicidade em células do tecido conjuntivo NCTC Clone 929 de camundongos. Frente ao Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC 27294) e ao M. smegmatis (ATCC 35798), os alcalóides isolados foram inativos (CIM ≥ 128 µg/ mL). O óleo volátil das folhas foi analisado por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectroscopia de massas (CG-EM), tendo sido identificados 41 constituintes, prevalecendo os sesquiterpenos (81,7%) em relação aos monoterpenos (0,8%). Entre os compostos majoritários encontrados no óleo, citam-se os sesquiterpenos α-amorfeno (43,6%), E-cariofileno (17,7%) e o germacreno (5,3%). Nos testes de atividade anti-Leishmania in vitro frente às formas promastigotas de quatro espécies do parasita, o óleo foi mais ativo em L. (L.) infantum chagasi (CE50: 25,97 µg/ mL). Nas formas tripomastigotas do Trypanosoma cruzi mostrou atividade 8,5 vezes superior àquela do fármaco-padrão benznidazol (CE50: 5,31 µg/ mL). Os resultados obtidos ratificaram a importância da prospecção da flora, em particular de A. crassiflora, como fonte potencial de compostos bioativos, que venham a constituir novos fármacos, como alternativa à restrita terapêutica existente para o tratamento das doenças negligenciadas.
Neglected diseases are a serious health problem in Brazil and worldwide. The available drugs are limited in effectiveness with a high toxicity. There is an urgent need of more safe and bioactive compounds. The search of new molecules from plant species is a well known and important strategy to achieve this goal. In a previous work, Annona crassiflora Mart. (Annonaceae) showed a promising antiprotozoal activity. Beside this, other Annona species presented an interesting antimicobacterial action. In this bio-guided study, after the column fractionation of the leaves total alkaloids, in vitro tests were performed and five from twenty fractions were highly active (100% deaths) against promastigotes of Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi, and only three were active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. After purification of the bioactive fractions, two noraporphine alkaloids were isolated by HPLC and identified by the usual mono and bidimensional spectroscopic techniques. One of them was isolated from the first time from this species. The other one is a novel chemical entity. Both compounds presented anti- Leishmania activity (CE50 ≤ 10 µg/ mL) against L. (L.) infantum chagasi [MHOM/BR/1972/LD]. The first one showed a higher selectivity index (SI: 7.4) considering its mice connective tissue cells toxicity [NCTC Clone 929]. However, both were inactive against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC 27294) and M. smegmatis (ATCC 35798) (CIM ≥ 128 µg/ mL). In the leaves volatile oil 41 compounds were identified. The sesquiterpenes were in majority (81.7%), followed by monoterpenes (0.8%). The sesquiterpenes α-amorphene (43.6%), E-caryophyllene (17.7%) and germacrene (5.3%) were the main constituents. The oil was little effective against the four tested Leishmania species and slightly more active against L. (L.) infantum chagasi (CE50: 25.97 µg/ mL). However, it was highly active against the trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi (CE50: 5.31 µg/ mL) showing to be 8.5 times more active than benznidazol. These results stimulate a deeper investigation of those alkaloids as antiprotozoal agents, confirming the importance of the plant species metabolites as a source of new bioactive molecules and their potential as future drugs.

INTRODUÇÃO: A terapia de ressincronização cardíaca(TRC) tem se mostrado alternativa eficiente para pacientes com Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC) em uso terapia medicamentosa otimizada, com fração de ejeção reduzida e QRS largo. Apesar dos resultados positivos em pacientes de diversas etiologias, dados a despeito do efeito dessa terapia na cardiopatia chagásica são extremamente raros na literatura. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a evolução clínica e funcional de pacientes chagásicos submetidos à terapia de ressincronização cardíaca, por meio de estudo clínico randomizado. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos pacientes com cardiopatia chagásica, em Classe funcional II, III ou IV da NYHA, em uso de terapia medicamentosa otimizada, fração de ejeção <= 35% e duração do QRS largo. O presente estudo clínico é prospectivo, de intervenção, randomizado, cego, com crossover e comparou as respostas clínicas e funcionais após duas fases: período de 2 meses com a TRC ligada e período de 2 meses com a TRC desligada. As variáveis analisadas foram distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de 6 minutos, classe funcional (NYHA), pontuação no teste de qualidade de vida do questionário de Minnesota, pontuação no teste de capacidade funcional no questionário SF 36, pico de extração de oxigênio no teste cardiopulmonar e fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo. RESULTADOS: Foram randomizados 34 pacientes sendo que seis não conseguiram completar as duas fases do estudo. A média da distância percorrida no Teste de Caminhada de 6 minutos foi 60 metros maior no grupo TRC ligada (500,3 versus 439,8 metros; p<0,01), o teste de Qualidade de Vida (Questionário de Minnesota) apresentou escores estatisticamente melhores nos pacientes com TRC ligada (diferença entre os dois grupos de 12,2 pontos, p<0,05). A Capacidade Funcional avaliada pelo questionário SF 36 apresentou resultado a favor da TRC ligada (p<0,01). De modo semelhante, a Classe Funcional (NYHA) média foi significativamente inferior neste grupo (p<0,05). As variáveis estudadas no Teste Cardiopulmonar e os parâmetros Ecocardiográficos não atingiram diferenças com significância estatística entre os dois grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados encontrados neste estudo suportam o valor terapêutico da TRC em indivíduos com insuficiência cardíaca de etiologia chagásica com QRS largo. A estimulação biventricular promoveu melhora significativa dos sintomas, qualidade de vida, capacidade funcional e da distância percorrida no teste de caminhada. Estudos subsequentes são necessários para avaliação dos efeitos clínicos a longo prazo e o impacto em mortalidade desta modalidade terapêutica nos pacientes com cardiopatia chagásica.
BACKGROUND: Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) has been shown one effective alternative for patients under optimal medical therapy, reduced ejection fraction (EF) and wide QRS. Despite the positive results in patients of several etiologies, data from this therapy in Chagas heart disease are extremely rare in the literature. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical and functional results of Chagas patients undergoing CRT through a randomized clinical trial. METHODS: There were included patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy, functional class II, III or IV of NYHA, under optimal drug therapy, EF <= 35% and wide QRS. This prospective, randomized, blinded, crossover study compared the clinical and functional responses after two phases: a two-month period of CRT-on and a two-month period of CRT-off. The outcomes analyzed were: walked distance in 6 minutes, functional class (NYHA), quality of life by the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire score, functional capacity by the questionnaire SF 36 score, Oxygen Extraction Peak in Cardiopulmonary Test and EF of the Left Ventricle. RESULTS: Thirty four patients were randomized but six patients failed to complete both study periods. The average distance walked in 6 minutes was 60 meters higher in CRT-on group (500.3 vs. 439.8 meters, p <0.01), the Quality of Life (Minnesota Questionnaire) showed scores significantly better in patients with CRT- on (difference of scores between the two groups: 12.2, p <0.05). The functional capacity assessed by the SF-36 questionnaire showed better results in favor of CRT-on group (p <0.01). Similarly, the functional class (NYHA) was significantly lower in this group (p <0.05). The variables studied in Cardiopulmonary Testing and Echocardiographic parameters did not reach statistical significance between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this study support the therapeutic value of CRT in patients with heart failure due to Chagas disease with wide QRS. The biventricular pacing significantly improved symptoms, quality of life, functional capacity and the distance walked in 6 minutes. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical long-term effects and the impact on mortality of this therapeutic modality in patients with Chagas heart disease.

Marc Chagall est un artiste juif qui a défié l’interdiction mosaïque de représenter la divinité. Il a entre autres réalisé plusieurs tableaux sur le thème de la Crucifixion, un sujet particulièrement délicat pour un artiste attaché à son identité juive et à un art à tendance autobiographique. Ce mémoire examine les conditions qui ont permis l’adoption et le développement, par Chagall, d’une iconographie revisitée d’un important motif chrétien. Parmi les circonstances qui ont facilité l’hybridation culturelle à laquelle se livre Chagall dans ses Crucifixions, il faut signaler la liberté nouvelle, à la fois au niveau des dispositifs figuratifs et du traitement pictural, apportée par le modernisme dans l’approche des grands genres traditionnels dont relève la peinture religieuse. Dans un tout autre registre, le mémoire se penche sur les circonstances historiques exceptionnelles ayant exercé une pression pour que l’expérience tragique des Juifs du XXe siècle trouve à s’exprimer dans des images à portée universelle.
Marc Chagall is a Jewish artist who challenged the Mosaic interdiction to represent the deity. He has among others in the modern period made several paintings on the theme of the Crucifixion, a particularly sensitive issue for an artist attached to his Jewish identity and practising an art with a strong autobiographical component. This dissertation examines the conditions which allowed the adoption and the development, by Chagall, of an important Christian subject whose iconography he freely revisited. Among the circumstances that facilitated the cultural hybridization in which Chagall engaged in his Crucifixion, we must point out the new freedom, both at the level of figurative devices and pictorial treatment, brought by modernism in the approach of major traditional genres to which religious painting belongs. On a quite different register, the dissertation examines the exceptional historic circumstances met by Chagall before and during the execution of the Crucifixions. These circumstances have exerted pressure that allowed the tragic experience of the Jews of the XXth century to find expression in images of universal significance.
Pour respecter les droits d’auteur, la version électronique de ce mémoire a été dépouillée de ses documents visuels et audio‐visuels. La version intégrale du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Dissertação de mest., Comunicação, Cultura e Artes (Estudos da Imagem), Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Univ. do Algarve, 2010
Na disciplina de Educação Visual e Tecnológica do 2º ciclo do Ensino Básico a imagem assume um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento das Unidades de Trabalho com os alunos. Independentemente do domínio em que se apresente, mental ou material, ela é o principal meio de comunicação e expressão. Neste projecto foi utilizada a imagem plástica da pintura de Marc Chagall e a imagem cinematográfica do cinema de Georges Méliès como ponto de partida para uma série de actividades na disciplina de EVT que visam desenvolver a criatividade. A escolha destes autores prendeu-se com as características comuns com a linguagem plástica da faixa etária dos alunos e o imaginário infantil. Através de um estudo exploratório, pretendo reflectir de que forma o imaginário presente na obra de Chagall e Méliès, por estar próximo da infância, pode accionar o imaginário nas crianças e estimulá-las na criação artística.

碩士
大葉大學
設計暨藝術學院碩士在職專班
100
This research studied the class which the author taught to establish an art education content and method combing exhibition resource with the designed “Chagall Exhibition”. According to the teaching model of before the tour, during the tour, and after the tour, we discussed the influence of the application of the designed art lesson to the elementary school fifth and sixth graders in the experiences of art learning and museum touring. This research found that through the exhibition touring lesson, the teachers had grown professionally in teaching lesson design, teaching strategies, teaching evaluation, and teacher’s self-recognition. As for students’ attitude in art, learning and the desire to participate in museum activities had grown and transformed. Meanwhile, after the lesson, the students could have interest, love, and confident in art. The different learning accomplishments or different backgrounds had no relation to the learning effects. Finally, we provide conclusion and advice to people who would like further discuss the issue for reference.

This thesis covers the interpretation of life and work of Marc Chagall, jewish painter of 20th century. Goal of the thesis is to highlight symbolic motives of his work, and later on interpret those on selected pieces. The thesis is divided into four parts. First part is devoted to the life of the painter and his jewish origin, which had a significant influence on the character of his work. Second part covers the meaning of symbols in art and religon in general. Third tries to compare Chagall's conveyance with two jewish philosophers of the dialog: E. Lévinas and F. Rosenzweig. Fourth then interprets selected pieces with philosophical or religious extent. Whole thesis is based on the conception that art is able to convey messages and interpret the world around us.

ANNOTATION: The work The Mirror of Reality in the Imagery of Dreams of the 19th and 20th Centuries - Creative Individuality versus the Chaos of the Time is based on the assumption that dreams are inseparably linked to the concept of existence in human life (Michel Foucault). The study touches on the ways in which dreams are depicted in visual culture that does not coincide with chronologically organized historical events, but is an expression of a free alliance between artists in the European space and centuries of common experience. These works are generally socially critical, exposed to unimaginable pressure from public censorship. The artist must pretend it is only an innocent game, a crazy idea, a whim. At the same time, these paintings are not an expression of boundless imagination, but they are subject to the firm rules of spatial construction of the painting. This is due to the traditional delimitation of dark depths - the underworld of Virgil's Saturn myth of pre-Roman culture, alternating with the vertically felt open heavens as variants of the original Plato's The Myth of Er, which in the 20th century paintings is replaced by the idea of an open landscape with illumination on the low horizon. The work deals with the work of Albrecht Dürer, his copperplate Melancholia I (1514) and his so-called...