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1
Elster, Marcel [Verfasser], K. M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Heinroth, K. [Akademischer Betreuer] Werdan, and A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Bauer. "Die Auswirkungen verschiedener Stimulationsmodi auf das Herzzeitvolumen bei biventrikulärer Schrittmachertherapie / Marcel Elster. Betreuer: K. M. Heinroth ; K. Werdan ; A. Bauer." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1076503225/34.
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Wilhelm, Marcel [Verfasser], and Bettina K. [Akademischer Betreuer] Doering. "Psychologische Aspekte der Bluthochdruckbehandlung - Einstellungen, Placebo- und Noceboeffekte / Marcel Wilhelm ; Betreuer: Bettina K. Doering." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138027588/34.
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Wiesweg, Marcel [Verfasser], Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Kirsch, M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Poetsch, and K. [Akademischer Betreuer] Becker. "Ein spezifisches Nachweisverfahren für S-Nitrosothiole / Marcel Wiesweg. Gutachter: M. Poetsch ; K. Becker. Betreuer: Michael Kirsch." Duisburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1053913605/34.
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König, Marcel [Verfasser], Oswald [Akademischer Betreuer] Knoth, Eberhard [Gutachter] Renner, and K. Heinke [Gutachter] Schluenzen. "Large-Eddy Simulation Modelling for Urban Scale / Marcel König ; Gutachter: Eberhard Renner, K. Heinke Schluenzen ; Betreuer: Oswald Knoth." Leipzig : Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1238601782/34.
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Michal, Joshua Paul. "The Expressive Phrasing Concepts of Marcel Tabuteau Applied to Concerto in Eb Major for Horn and Orchestra, K. 417 by W.A. Mozart." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406050637.
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Gutberlet, Marcel [Verfasser], and Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Jakob. "K-Raum-Symmetrie und dichtegewichtete Bildgebung: Optimierung der Magnet-Resonanz-Bildgebung hinsichtlich Signal-zu-Rauschverhältnis, Abbildungsqualität und Messzeit / Marcel Gutberlet. Betreuer: Peter Jakob." Würzburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Würzburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1024243133/34.
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Will, Marcel K. Verfasser], Jessica C. E. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gienow-Hecht, Norbert [Akademischer Betreuer] Finzsch, and Jens [Akademischer Betreuer] Jäger. "Taiwan Matters: The Normalization of U.S.-PRC Relations and the Taiwan Issue, 1977-1979 / Marcel K. Will. Gutachter: Jessica Gienow-Hecht ; Norbert Finzsch ; Jens Jäger." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1098427270/34.
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Will, Marcel K. [Verfasser], Jessica C. E. [Akademischer Betreuer] Gienow-Hecht, Norbert [Akademischer Betreuer] Finzsch, and Jens [Akademischer Betreuer] Jäger. "Taiwan Matters: The Normalization of U.S.-PRC Relations and the Taiwan Issue, 1977-1979 / Marcel K. Will. Gutachter: Jessica Gienow-Hecht ; Norbert Finzsch ; Jens Jäger." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-66331.
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Lindblad, Marie. "Things I keep around me." Thesis, Konstfack, Inredningsarkitektur & Möbeldesign, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-4703.
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Hofmann, Britta L. "Experimentelle Poetik - Poetik als Experiment in französischer Prosa vom Spaetsymbolismus bis in die 20er Jahre J.-K. Huysmans, André Gide, Remy de Gourmont, Marcel Schwob, Raymond Roussel, Paul Valéry /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969501579.
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Wang, Guanghui. "Couplages, cycles dans les graphes arrét-colorés et les colorations circulaires des graphes." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112135.
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Cette thése est concernée par quelques problémes de la théorie de graphe. Notre but est de discuter quelques matiéres sur des couplages, des cycles dans les graphes arrét coloré, des k-marches et des coloration circulaire des graphes. D`abord, nous considérons que les couplagesmulticolorés, les cycles multicolorés et les cycles alternatifs sont dans des graphs arrét coloré. Ensuite, nous étudions les k-marches dans des graphs 2 arrét-connect. A la fin, nous discussons la choisissabilité circulaire des graphs planaires et la coloration circulaire des digraphsThis thesis is concerned with some problems of graph theory. More specifically, our aim is to discuss the following topics: matchings and cycles in edge-colored graphs, k-walks and circular coloring of graphs. Firstly, we consider the heterochromatic matchings, heterochromatic cycles and alternating cycles in edge-colored graphs. Secondly, we study the k-walks in 2-edge connected graphs. Finally, we discuss the circular choosability of planar graphs and the circular colorings of digraphs
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Gustafson, Teresa S. "Empowering children to lead change incorporating preparedness curricula in the K-12 educational system /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/March/09Mar%5FGustafson.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security And Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Rollins, John ; Supinski, Stanley. "March 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 23, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Preparedness, civil defense, children, K-12 curricula, citizen preparedness, Homeland Security. Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-107). Also available in print.
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Damasceno, Ana Paula Alves Barreto. "Produção, crescimento e marcha de absorção de nutrientes do melão cantaloupe tipo Harper fertirrigado com doses de N e K." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2011. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/511.
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The use of fertigation is becoming increasingly and common, however, this practice requires a thorough knowledge about the culture being used to actually be of benefit. Knowing the uptake is an important point, since this will determine how the split will occur. Among the nutrients of greatest importance to the development of crops are nitrogen (N) and potassium (K). The objective of this study was to determine growth, yield, nutritional status and the uptake for the cantaloupe melon type "Harper," conditions Mossoró-RN, in response to nitrogen and potassium. The experiment was in randomized blocks with two replications. The treatments were formed by the combination of increasing levels of nitrogen - N (N1 - 5, N2 - 37.78; N3 - 111.65; N4 - 237.65; N5 - 442.05; N6 - 666.41 kg ha-1) and potassium - K2O (K1 - 5; K2 - 82.86; K3 - 195.67; K4 - 364.61; K5 - 574.13; K6 - 827.54 kg ha-1), forming the treatments: T1 - N1K1, T2 - N2K2, T3 - N3K3, T4 - N4K4, T5 - N5K5, T6 - N6K6, being N3K3 the dose adopted by producers in the region. We evaluated the production, biomass, levels and accumulation of N, P and K in the plant. Considering all the factors studied in relation to nutrient content in the plant it was found that the treatments affected the concentration of nitrogen (N) found in the leaves at the vegetative (stem + leaves) and shoot of the whole plant and the concentration of potassium (K) in shoot of the whole plant at all sampling times, indicating that the plant responded to fertilizer application. In general, the highest values levels were found to for the treatment T5 (442 kg N and 574 kg K2O) at 44 days after transplanting (DAT). With respect to the accumulation and partitioning of dry matter and nutrients at harvest, plants receiving treatment T2 (38 kg N and 83 kg K2O) showed higher dry matter compared to other treatments, accumulated 337.8 kg ha-1 with 37% in vegetative parts (leaf + stem) and 63% in the fruit. Nutrient requirements for melon followed the order: K> N> P. To N, the highest accumulation was observed in the vegetative parts (leaf + stem), with 58.9%, while the fruit value was 41.1% for P and K, the highest accumulation was observed in fruit with 80.8% and 84.6% respectively, while in the vegetative part values were 19.2% and 15.4% respectively. The highest rate of absorption of nutrients occurred during the period around 44 days after transplanting, indicating that this is the time when the plant has increased demand for fertilizer application, since the fruits become the main drains of the plant. On treatment T3 (112 kg N and 196 kg K2O) where there is higher accumulation of nutrients, and productivity does not grow more significantly, they may be, with more further studies, this dose was used without the risk of loss due to deficiency or excess fertilizer.
O uso da fertirrigação vem se tornando crescente e comum, no entanto, esta prática exige um aprofundado conhecimento sobre a cultura a ser utilizada, para que de fato possa trazer benefícios. Conhecer a marcha de absorção é um ponto importante, uma vez que isso determinará como o parcelamento poderá ocorrer. Dentre os nutrientes de maior importância para o bom desenvolvimento da cultura estão o nitrogênio (N) e o potássio (K). O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o crescimento, a produção, o estado nutricional e a marcha de absorção para o melão cantaloupe tipo Harper , nas condições de Mossoró-RN, em resposta a doses de nitrogênio e potássio. O experimento foi instalado em blocos casualizados, com duas repetições. Os tratamentos foram formados pela combinação de doses crescentes de nitrogênio N (N1 5; N2 37,78; N3 111,65; N4 237,65; N5 442,05; N6 666,41 kg ha-1) e potássio - K2O (K1 5; K2 82,86; K3 195,67; K4 364,61; K5 574,13; K6 827,54 kg ha-1), formando os tratamentos: T1 - N1K1, T2 N2K2, T3 N3K3, T4 N4K4, T5 N5K5, T6 N6K6, sendo a dose N3K3 a adotada pelos produtores da região. Foram avaliadas a produção, a fitomassa, os teores e o acúmulo de N, P e K na planta. Considerando-se todos os fatores estudados, com relação ao teor de nutrientes na planta verificou-se que os tratamentos aplicados influenciaram na concentração de nitrogênio (N) encontrado nas folhas, na parte vegetativa (caule + folhas) e na parte aérea total da planta e na concentração de potássio (K) na parte aérea total da planta em todas as épocas de coleta, o que indica que a planta respondeu a aplicação do adubo. Em geral, os maiores valores para teores encontrados foram para o tratamento T5 (442 kg de N e 574 kg de K2O) aos 44 dias após o transplantio (DAT). Com relação ao acúmulo e partição de massa seca e nutrientes no final do ciclo, as plantas que receberam o tratamento T2 (38 kg de N e 83 kg de K2O), apresentaram os maiores valores de matéria seca comparando-se aos demais tratamentos, acumularam 337,8 kg ha-1, sendo 37% na parte vegetativa (folha + caule) e 63% no fruto. O requerimento de nutrientes pelo melão seguiu a seguinte ordem: K>N >P. Para o N, o maior acúmulo foi observado na parte vegetativa (folha + caule), com 58,9%, enquanto que no fruto o valor foi de 41,1%, para o P e o K, o maior acúmulo foi observado no fruto, com 80,8% e 84,6% respectivamente, enquanto na parte vegetativa os valores foram 19,2% e 15,4%, respectivamente. O acúmulo de massa seca na planta não foi influenciada pelas doses de N e K aplicada na fertirrigação. A maior taxa de absorção de nutrientes ocorreu no período ao redor de 44 dias após o transplantio, indicando ser esta a época em que a planta tem maior exigência pela aplicação do adubo, uma vez que os frutos se tornam os principais drenos da planta. No tratamento T3 (112 kg de N e 196 kg de K2O) é onde se verifica o maior acúmulo de nutriente, e a produtividade não cresce mais de forma significativa, podendo-se, com mais estudos complementares, utilizar-se essa dose sem o risco de perda por deficiência ou excesso de adubo.
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Lepers, Thomas. "Identification et structuration des champs d'innovation dans une business unit." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CNAM1068/document.
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A travers l’étude du cas d’une entité exploratoire, NCA, nous cherchons à comprendre comment identifier et structurer un champ d’innovation. C’est à dire comprendre comment se fait le choix d’un domaine dans lequel mener une activité de conception innovante, et quels mécanismes permettent de mener un travail de conception innovante dans des directions pertinentes. La littérature donne peu d’éléments sur les mécanismes à l’œuvre qui vont permettre d’identifier et de structurer un champ d’innovation, en l’absence de problème spécifique à résoudre, ce qui est la situation de NCA qui s’intéresse en particulier aux innovations d’usages, pour lesquelles il n’existe pas de demande explicite des clients. Nos résultats relatifs aux processus d’innovation montrent que les activités d’exploration menée par NCA conduisent à un renouvellement des routines utilisées pour les produits historiques. L’exploration renouvelle l’exploitation. Par ailleurs, les difficultés principales rencontrées par NCA tiennent moins aux processus spécifiques à mettre en œuvre qu’à des mécanismes inopérants dans l’identification de champs d’innovation.Sur le plan organisationnel, nos résultats montrent que NCA fonctionne selon une forme d’ambidextrie simultanée, sur le plan individuel et au niveau de l’entité NCA elle même. Cela se traduit par un renouvellement de l’exploitation par l’exploration. Nous mettons aussi en lumière la forme organisationnelle originale de NCA, à la fois business unit et entité exploratoire. Cette forme d’organisation facilite le lancement de nouvelles catégories de produits, et le fait que le marché de la BU ne soit pas défini, conduit NCA à maintenir cette activité d’exploration dans le tempsOur case study based on an exploratory entity evolving from a small team to a business unit raise questions related to the identification and structuration of an innovation field. The literature gives few elements with regards to the choice of such a field, and the mechanisms to set priorities within a chosen field. Our results related to innovation processes show that exploratory activities leads to a renewal of exploitation, and also that the difficulties encountered by NCA in exploration activities are less related to the existing processes than to the choice of an innovation field. Our results related to organization show that NCA works in a mode of simultaneous ambidexterity, being able at the same time to launch new product categories and to explore new product categories. This also leads to the renewal of existing routines. The structure of NCA has also some original features, being at the same time a business unit and an exploratory entity. This exploratory business unit seems to be able to launch more easily new products categories, because there is no need to look for a landing zone, as it is the case of organisations solely responsible for exploration
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Shin, Hyun-Tak. "La grille de lecture de l'économie de marché et du capitalisme chez Aristote, A. Smith, K. Marx et F. Braudel." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100058.
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Notre travail consiste à faire une grille de lecture de nos principaux pères fondateurs de l'économie politique, en l'occurrence, Aristote, A.Smith et K.Marx et ceci, à travers un historien français, F.Braudel, de ses outils conceptuels et de ses problématiques défendues, en particulier, son schéma de tripartition de l'économie, - la vie matérielle, l'économie de marché et le capitalisme -, dans son ouvrage «Civilisation Matérielle, Economie et Capitalisme XVe-XVIIIe siècle». Nous effectuons une sorte de relecture ou revisite braudélienne dans la source de l'économie politique et de ses trois principaux fondateurs cités ci-dessus. Nous cherchons à vérifier certaines interprétations sur les conceptions de l'«économie de marché» de nos trois auteurs de l'économie politique. L'essentiel de notre travail consiste à saisir la présence du lien entre l'économie et la morale sociale chez nos fondateurs de l'économie politiqueOur study is an reading grid of our main founders of political economy, Aristotle, and this A.Smith and K.Marx and this, through a French historian, F.Braudel, his conceptual tools and problematic issues, in particular, the tripartite of the Economy - Material life, Market economy and Capitalism – he has defended in his book "Material Civilization, Economy and Capitalism XVth-XVIIIth century." We perform a braudelian proofreading or revisits in the source of political economy and of its three main founders mentioned above. We try to verify certain interpretations of theirs concepts of "Market Economy". Our study focus on the relation between the Economics and the Social ethics in our founders of political economy
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Akiobé, Songolo Michèle Patricia. "La crise des subprimes : vers un meilleur encadrement des risques financiers et juridiques liés à la titrisation des créances." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35857.
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La titrisation des créances est une opération qui permet aux banques de se financer sur les marchés financiers à moindre coût et sans trop de risques. Pour réaliser l’opération, les banques cèdent les prêts qu’elles ont octroyés à une structure qui se chargera ensuite de les placer auprès des investisseurs. De plus, la titrisation permet également aux banques de gérer les risques liés aux prêts. Avec l’avènement de cette opération, les banques se soucient moins de la qualité et de la capacité financière des emprunteurs. Une fois le prêt accordé, les banques vont créer des portefeuilles de créances qui seront cédés par la suite. Une autre forme de titrisation permet de transférer uniquement le risque lié aux prêts sans toutefois sortir ces prêts du bilan de la banque: c’est la titrisation synthétique. Ces deux formes de titrisation, classique et synthétique, ont été utilisées auxÉtats-Unis et ont contribué à l’explosion de la bulle immobilière qui a entraîné une crise financière en 2008 : la crise des subprimes. La titrisation a donc occasionné le mouvement de contagion des risques qui s’en est suivi sur les marchés financiers. Les subprimes sont des prêts hypothécaires à risque accordés à un taux variable aux ménages américains à faible capacité financière. Le taux est bas les premières années, mais augmente progressivement. Titriser ce type de prêts revient à propager le risque de non-remboursement des emprunteurs à tous les différents intervenants de la chaîne. Et c’est ce qui s’est produit: les taux ont été relevés et les emprunteurs n’ont pas été capables d’assurer le paiement des différentes mensualités entraînant un blocage de tout le circuit. Les choses se sont passées de cette façon parce que, sur les marchés à cette période, l’appât du gain l’avait emporté sur le respect des règles d’encadrement des marchés, quasi inexistantes. Cette thèse propose des solutions d’encadrement du marché financieret de l’opération de titrisation en particulier. Entre la loi du marché, le droit et l’éthique, les recommandations faites dans cette dissertation se veulent complémentaires aux actions des différents régulateurs, nationaux et internationaux.Securitization of receivables is an operation that allows banks to finance themselves on the financial markets at a lower cost and without too much risk. To carry out the operation, the banks sell the loans they have granted to a structure which will then be responsible for placing them with investors. In addition, securitization also allows banks to manage the risks associated with loans. With the advent of this operation, banks are less concerned about the quality and financial capacity of borrowers. Once the loan is granted, they create portfolios of receivables that will be transferred later. Another form of securitization is to transfer only the risk associated with the loans without taking these loans out of the bank's balance sheet: It’s a synthetic securitization. These two forms of securitization, traiditional and synthetic, were used in the United States and contributed to the explosion of the housing bubble that led to a financial crisis in 2008: the subprime crisis. Securitization has, therefore, caused the risk-spreading movement that has followed on the financial markets. The subprimes are variable risk mortgage loans to low-income US households. The rate is low the first years but increases gradually. Securitizing this type of loan is to propagate the risk of non-repayment of borrowers to all the various stakeholders in the chain. And that's what happened: the rates were raised, and the borrowers were not able to ensure the payment of different monthly payments causing a blockage of the entire circuit. Things happened this way because in the markets at that time, the lure of gain prevailed over the respect of almost non existent rules. This thesis proposes solutions for financial market supervision and for securitization operations specifically. Between the law of the market, the rule of law and ethics, the recommendations made in this dissertation are complementary to the actions of the various regulators, national and international.
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Diawara, Karounga. "Le contrôle de la puissance de marché par les droits canadien et européen (U.E) de la concurrence : contribution à une approche juridique du marché." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25588/25588.pdf.
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Gagnon, Martine. "Protection des consommateurs d'assurances : forces et lacunes de la Loi sur la distribution de produits et services financiers." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27379/27379.pdf.
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Tunková, Martina. "Městské lázně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-215713.
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Ackermann, Marcel R. [Verfasser]. "Algorithms for the Bregman k-median problem / Marcel R. Ackermann." 2009. http://d-nb.info/100345531X/34.
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Hoy, Lise Rempel. "Reading, writing, and imagining the production of meaning in the novels of Flaubert, Huysmans, and Proust /." 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/47722670.html.
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Ntita, Samuel Beya. "Le conflit des generations dans Sous l’orage de Seydou Badian et Le porte-parole du president de Marcel Khombe Mangwanda." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13833.
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Text in FrenchObservateur invétéré des réalités quotidiennes de son milieu natal, Seydou Badian a publié, en 1957, un roman intitulé Sous l’orage. Témoin oculaire des événements journaliers de son terroir natal, surtout ceux du milieu professionnel, Marcel Khombe Mangwanda a publié de son côté, en 2008, un ouvrage intitulé Le Porte-parole du président. Après une lecture méticuleuse des deux romans, on constate que ces deux écrivains africains ont examiné avec finesse, dans leurs productions littéraires respectives un thème commun, à savoir le conflit des générations. Qu’entendent-ils par conflit des générations? Comment conçoivent-ils et exploitent-ils ce thème dans ces romans? Quelles solutions proposent-ils aux vieux et aux jeunes d’une part, au pouvoir et au peuple d’autre part pour éradiquer le conflit qui demeure, en Afrique, non seulement un obstacle pour l’épanouissement de l’individu, mais aussi un frein pour le développement de leurs pays et de la société africaine?
Seydou Badian, inveterate observant of the daily realities of his native milieu published in 1957 a novel called Sous l’Orage. Marcel Khombe Mangwanda, eyewitness of his native terrirory daily events, mostly those of the professional milieu, on his side, published in 2008 a book called Le Porte-parole du président. After a careful reading of the two novels, we can notice that the two African writers have carefully scrutinized a common theme in their literary work, conflict of generations. What do they mean by conflict of generations? How do they understand and exploit this theme in their respective novels? Which solutions do they propose to old people and to the youths on one hand, to leaders on power and to the people on the other hand, to eradicate the conflict which is in Africa, not only an obstacle to individual blossoming, but also an obstruction for the development of the society, of the country and of the African continent?
Classics and World Languages
M.A. (French)
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Ntita, Samuel. "Le conflit des generations dans Sous l’orage de Seydou Badian et Le porte-parole du president de Marcel Khombe Mangwanda." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13833.
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Observateur invétéré des réalités quotidiennes de son milieu natal, Seydou Badian a publié, en 1957, un roman intitulé Sous l’orage. Témoin oculaire des événements journaliers de son terroir natal, surtout ceux du milieu professionnel, Marcel Khombe Mangwanda a publié de son côté, en 2008, un ouvrage intitulé Le Porte-parole du président.
Après une lecture méticuleuse des deux romans, on constate que ces deux écrivains africains ont examiné avec finesse, dans leurs productions littéraires respectives un thème commun, à savoir le conflit des générations. Qu’entendent-ils par conflit des générations? Comment conçoivent-ils et exploitent-ils ce thème dans ces romans? Quelles solutions proposent-ils aux vieux et aux jeunes d’une part, au pouvoir et au peuple d’autre part pour éradiquer le conflit qui demeure, en Afrique, non seulement un obstacle pour l’épanouissement de l’individu, mais aussi un frein pour le développement de leurs pays et de la société africaine?Seydou Badian, inveterate observant of the daily realities of his native milieu published in 1957 a novel called Sous l’Orage. Marcel Khombe Mangwanda, eyewitness of his native terrirory daily events, mostly those of the professional milieu, on his side, published in 2008 a book called Le Porte-parole du président. After a careful reading of the two novels, we can notice that the two African writers have carefully scrutinized a common theme in their literary work, conflict of generations. What do they mean by conflict of generations? How do they understand and exploit this theme in their respective novels? Which solutions do they propose to old people and to the youths on one hand, to leaders on power and to the people on the other hand, to eradicate the conflict which is in Africa, not only an obstacle to individual blossoming, but also an obstruction for the development of the society, of the country and of the African continent?
Classics & World Languages
M.A. (French)
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Hofmann, Britta L. [Verfasser]. "Experimentelle Poetik - Poetik als Experiment in französischer Prosa vom Spaetsymbolismus bis in die 20er Jahre : J.-K. Huysmans, André Gide, Remy de Gourmont, Marcel Schwob, Raymond Roussel, Paul Valéry / Britta L. Hofmann." 2003. http://d-nb.info/969501579/34.
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Batista, Natacha Alves. "O (des)equilíbrio da teoria da diluição no direito das marcas." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/18517.
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É atribuído ao Direito da Propriedade Industrial uma importância que tem vindo a aumentar e
encontra-se hoje no seio das preocupações e prioridades de muitas empresas. Esta tendência,
verifica-se pelas estatísticas lançadas revelando o aumento de número de pedidos seja de
invenções, seja de sinais distintivos de comércio, que poderão ser observadas neste trabalho.
Inserindo-se na Propriedade Industrial, o tema das Marcas de Prestígio, tem desde os seus
primórdios recebido críticas de uma parte e aceitação de outra, porém por vezes com algumas
reservas. Criando uma situação de monopólio distinta da que é criada pelo regime geral das
marcas, tem de ser analisada e aplicada com ainda mais cautela para não colocar em risco
direitos como o da liberdade de expressão ou de concorrência ou ainda a liberdade de circulação
de mercadorias no seio da União Europeia.
No entanto, devido ao excecional poder de atração que as Marcas de Prestígio possam
representar, é necessário tutelar os direitos dos seus titulares, fora do regime comum das marcas,
porém, nunca olvidando a importância do equilíbrio da liberdade de atuação no mercado com
a tutela deste peculiar direito.Industrial Property law has been given increasing importance and is today within the concerns and priorities of many companies. This trend is evidenced by the released statistics revealing the increase of requests either for inventions or distinctive signs, which can be observed in this work. Inserting itself in Industrial Property, the theme of the Well-known Trademarks, has from the beginning, received multiple currents of opinions and criticism. Creating a distinctive monopoly situation from the one created by the general trademark regime. It should be analysed and applied even more carefully as not to endanger relevant rights such as freedom of expression or competition or the free movement of goods in the European Union. However, due to the exceptional attractiveness that the Well-known Trademarks can represent, it is necessary to protect the rights of their owners, outside the common brands legal regime, but never forgetting the importance of the balance of freedom of action in the market with the guardianship of this peculiar right.
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Lamouchi, Elyes. "Statistical physics of constraint satisfaction problems." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25102.
Full textAbstract:
La technique des répliques est une technique formidable prenant ses origines de la physique statistique, comme un moyen de calculer l'espérance du logarithme de la constante de normalisation d'une distribution de probabilité à haute dimension. Dans le jargon de physique, cette quantité est connue sous le nom de l’énergie libre, et toutes sortes de quantités utiles, telle que l’entropie, peuvent être obtenue de là par des dérivées. Cependant, ceci est un problème NP-difficile, qu’une bonne partie de statistique computationelle essaye de résoudre, et qui apparaît partout; de la théorie des codes, à la statistique en hautes dimensions, en passant par les problèmes de satisfaction de contraintes. Dans chaque cas, la méthode des répliques, et son extension par (Parisi et al., 1987), se sont prouvées fortes utiles pour illuminer quelques aspects concernant la corrélation des variables de la distribution de Gibbs et la nature fortement nonconvexe de son logarithme negatif. Algorithmiquement, il existe deux principales méthodologies adressant la difficulté de calcul que pose la constante de normalisation:
a). Le point de vue statique: dans cette approche, on reformule le problème en tant que graphe dont les nœuds correspondent aux variables individuelles de la distribution de Gibbs, et dont les arêtes reflètent les dépendances entre celles-ci. Quand le graphe en question est localement un arbre, les procédures de message-passing sont garanties d’approximer arbitrairement bien les probabilités marginales de la distribution de Gibbs et de manière équivalente d'approximer la constante de normalisation. Les prédictions de la physique concernant la disparition des corrélations à longues portées se traduise donc, par le fait que le graphe soit localement un arbre, ainsi permettant l’utilisation des algorithmes locaux de passage de messages. Ceci va être le sujet du chapitre 4.
b). Le point de vue dynamique: dans une direction orthogonale, on peut contourner le problème que pose le calcul de la constante de normalisation, en définissant une chaîne de Markov le long de laquelle, l’échantillonnage converge à celui selon la distribution de Gibbs, tel qu’après un certain nombre d’itérations (sous le nom de temps de relaxation), les échantillons sont garanties d’être approximativement générés selon elle. Afin de discuter des conditions dans lesquelles chacune de ces approches échoue, il est très utile d’être familier avec la méthode de replica symmetry breaking de Parisi.
Cependant, les calculs nécessaires sont assez compliqués, et requièrent des notions qui sont typiquemment étrangères à ceux sans un entrainement en physique statistique.
Ce mémoire a principalement deux objectifs : i) de fournir une introduction a la théorie des répliques, ses prédictions, et ses conséquences algorithmiques pour les problèmes de satisfaction de constraintes, et ii) de donner un survol des méthodes les plus récentes adressant la transition de phase, prédite par la méthode des répliques, dans le cas du problème k−SAT, à partir du point de vu statique et dynamique, et finir en proposant un nouvel algorithme qui prend en considération la transition de phase en question.The replica trick is a powerful analytic technique originating from statistical physics as an attempt to compute the expectation of the logarithm of the normalization constant of a high dimensional probability distribution known as the Gibbs measure. In physics jargon this quantity is known as the free energy, and all kinds of useful quantities, such as the entropy, can be obtained from it using simple derivatives. The computation of this normalization constant is however an NP-hard problem that a large part of computational statistics attempts to deal with, and which shows up everywhere from coding theory, to high dimensional statistics, compressed sensing, protein folding analysis and constraint satisfaction problems. In each of these cases, the replica trick, and its extension by (Parisi et al., 1987), have proven incredibly successful at shedding light on keys aspects relating to the correlation structure of the Gibbs measure and the highly non-convex nature of − log(the Gibbs measure()). Algorithmic speaking, there exists two main methodologies addressing the intractability of the normalization constant: a) Statics: in this approach, one casts the system as a graphical model whose vertices represent individual variables, and whose edges reflect the dependencies between them. When the underlying graph is locally tree-like, local messagepassing procedures are guaranteed to yield near-exact marginal probabilities or equivalently compute Z. The physics predictions of vanishing long range correlation in the Gibbs measure, then translate into the associated graph being locally tree-like, hence permitting the use message passing procedures. This will be the focus of chapter 4. b) Dynamics: in an orthogonal direction, we can altogether bypass the issue of computing the normalization constant, by defining a Markov chain along which sampling converges to the Gibbs measure, such that after a number of iterations known as the relaxation-time, samples are guaranteed to be approximately sampled according to the Gibbs measure. To get into the conditions in which each of the two approaches is likely to fail (strong long range correlation, high energy barriers, etc..), it is very helpful to be familiar with the so-called replica symmetry breaking picture of Parisi. The computations involved are however quite involved, and come with a number of prescriptions and prerequisite notions (s.a. large deviation principles, saddle-point approximations) that are typically foreign to those without a statistical physics background. The purpose of this thesis is then twofold: i) to provide a self-contained introduction to replica theory, its predictions, and its algorithmic implications for constraint satisfaction problems, and ii) to give an account of state of the art methods in addressing the predicted phase transitions in the case of k−SAT, from both the statics and dynamics points of view, and propose a new algorithm takes takes these into consideration.