Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Marché carbone'
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Leconte, Arnaud. "Combler l'écart entre la gestion de l'information et du risque social : : le marché européen du carbone, un modèle pour un marché global du carbone?" Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE0012.
Full textThe development of a new emerging market of carbon emission rights, the EU ETS (European Trading Scheme), since 2005 represents the first empirical attempt to capture new information (the carbon price) in climate risk management. A future global and efficent carbon price set by the market system assumes the existence of financial and technological transfer mechanisms to developing countries under the equity principle. The fair distribution of resources and risks is critical in the carbon market, and issues of equity are central to securing a global action programme to deal with climate change. Most economic studies consider that the carbon market is superior to other instruments (such as the carbon tax) in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. Formal modelisation in economics focuses on neo-classical models where perfect information is assumed. However, even a small amount of information imperfection has a profound effect on the nature of the equilibrium. The loss of confidence in the market mechanism observed in the current crisis leads to propose a new way of analysing financial markets. Under a framework of interactions between imperfect information and speculative flows, the new model developed in the present thesis, called PRISME, identifies and addresses the six key functions of financial markets: Price, Risk, Incentives, Social, Multiplier and Effectiveness. .
Valiergue, Alice. "Vendre de l’air : sociologie du marché "volontaire" des services de compensation carbone." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0013/document.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the so-called “voluntary” carbon offset market. In this market, companies, which have no obligation to subscribe to these services, purchase “carbon credits” to “offset” their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from private operators (NGOs or businesses). To obtain carbon credits, operators implement GHG emission reduction projects in Southern countries. These new trade exchanges, which date from the early 2000s, provoke critics. Journalists, environmental NGOs and scientists believe that this market on the one hand does not effectively reduce GHG emissions to fight against climate change, and on the other hand that people in the South face potential dangers linked to the implementation of carbon offsetting projects. The dissertation thus questions the apparent paradox of the choice of companies to invest in contested environmental services when they are not a regulatory obligation and may endanger their reputation. By considering the “voluntary” market as a “contested market”, according to the meaning given to this notion by Steiner and Trespeuch (2014), the dissertation explores the conditions of existence and maintenance of this market. Through interviews, observations and written sources, our research analyzes the role of various market devices, but also commercial work as well as the appropriation of the offer by buyers in organizing this market. In doing so, it questions more generally the relationship between economy and the environment and is interested in the determinant factors of the “voluntary” commitment of companies for the fight against global warming
Gavard, Claire. "Analyse Economique des Mécanismes Possibles de Couplage du Marché Carbone Européen avec les Pays Emergents." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01057084.
Full textCartel, Mélodie. "La fabrique de l'innovation institutionnelle : les marchés du carbone comme champs d'expérimentations managériales." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00931528.
Full textAsgari, Erfan. "Optimisation des stratégies des détaillants sur un marché sensible aux prix et aux émissions de carbone." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021GRALI001.
Full textThis work studies the retailer's profit maximization problem and investigates his/her optimal strategies in a price- and greenness- sensitive market. This work starts with a benchmark model where a retailer offers one kind of product to customers. The products are produced by a supplier and sent to the retailer. The retailer keeps the products in a warehouse near the customers to serve them as soon as one arrives. The demand for the products is random and follows the Poisson distribution. The customers' arrival mean rate is sensitive to retail price and carbon emission level of the product. The refilling time of the retailer's warehouse is also random and follows Exponential distribution. The problem consists of deciding the product's price, carbon emission level, and order size. We solve the problem by an analytical approach and provide the closed-form expressions of the optimal solutions.The benchmark model is extended in the way that retailer offers two substitutable products to customers. The demand for each product depends on its price and carbon emission level (decreasing) and depends on the other product's price and carbon emission level (increasing). The retailer's profit maximization problem is formulated in a stochastic environment under different settings (decision variables) and is solved by an analytical approach. According to the results, the market is distinguished into three categories: 1- Greenness-Driven Switchovers market, 2- Price-Driven Switchovers market, and 3- Neutral market. Different market structures provide useful insights.Dynamic competition between two retailers, which each of them has its supplier, is considered. Retailers offer two substitutable products that each of them offers one kind of product. Two symmetric mathematical models decide the products' prices, carbon emission levels, and order sizes. Each retailer's decision affects the other retailer's decision. The general problems are solved by an analytical approach and determined the Nash equilibrium. However, in practice, there are many situations where an existing retailer is already operating in the market, and a new retailer enters the market. Two situations are considered and solved: 1- Competition without reaction and 2- Competition with partial reaction. The close-form expressions of the optimal solutions are presented for all scenarios.This work ends its studies by introducing a non-linear demand function. In the literature, all studies consider a linear demand function (to the best of our knowledge). However, our partners in project ANR CONCLuDE found out that the linear function is not sufficient. Thus, a new non-linear demand function is considered concerning carbon emission improvement. Our partners' studies also reveal that improving greenness leads to increasing the demand for a certain amount of market potential, and after that, it is constant. The second demand function is called cap. The benchmark model is re-formulated with different demand functions and solved. Then, closed-form expressions of optimal solutions are presented. A numerical example is conducted to compare profits with different demand functions. The non-linear cap is considered as a reference and compared to others. The results reveal that when the maximum attracted costumers are low (below 20%), the linear cap model performs better than others do. When it is high, the non-linear model performs better
Bordeleau, Louis-Carl. "L'impact de la liaison de l'Ontario avec le marché du carbone de la Californie et du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30005.
Full textFortin, Claude. "Approche de quantification et de récompense des bénéfices climatiques associés à un projet de séquestration de carbone en milieu forestier : implications pour le marché du carbone québécois." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35415.
Full textThis study is part of the international movement to develop and implement effective market mechanisms to fight climate change. In Québec, this is mainly reflected in the establishment of a cap-and-trade system for greenhouse gas emission allowances and an offset credit component. Unlike a GHG reduction project, a forest carbon sequestration project is inherently non-permanent. This feature limits the real potential to cancel or offset all the negative effects resulting from a GHG emission into the atmosphere behind the used of an offset credit (OCr). It is mainly for this reason that the forestry sector is currently excluded from the Quebec OCr component. Currently, regardless of the type of market (voluntary, regulatory), the OCr issuance approach adopted for carbon sequestration projects anticipates a climate benefit, forcing project proponents and OCr to put in place binding and long-term follow-up measures to ensure the environmental integrity. The main objective of the research project is to propose a new approach for quantifying and delivering OCr for carbon sequestration projects. Like the current approach, the proposed approach must not only quantify and reward a quantity of carbon sequestered, but also and above all, quantify and reward the temporal dimension implicit in the creation of climate benefits associated with the maintenance of an amount of carbon out of the atmospheric atmosphere for a given period of time. Using radiative forcing as an indicator of an effect on the climate system, the approach demonstrates that it is possible to integrate these two variables into the determination of the number of OCrs to be delivered to a project promoter. As a result, the constraints associated with the permanence test become obsolete.
P, Laberge Xavier. "Une mesure basée sur le marché comme mécanisme mondial de gestion des émissions de gaz à effet de serre de l'aviation civile internationale." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6843.
Full textSourisseau, Sylvain. "Recyclage vs extraction minière : concurrence, externalités environnementales et politiques publiques sur les marchés du fer et de l'acier." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE016/document.
Full textIn addition to a solution for managing end-of-life products, recycling is also an alternative to the production of virgin raw materials. In this thesis, we are therefore wondering about this new form of competition that could potentially include recyclers, on a commodity market traditionally dominated by a mining oligopoly. To what extent can recyclers compete with mining firms and what are the effects on oligopoly? As a second line of research, we consider the differential of environmental externalities that exists between the two types of supply. We therefore include in our model a recycling subsidy and a tax on mining pollution, in response to the two market distortions: the non-competitive structure of mining extraction and the externalities that are associated with this activity. To give an empirical dimension to this thesis, we use the iron and steel industry. Prior to the analysis of the competition with recyclers, we carry out in Chapter 1, an analysis of the evolution of the markets of iron and steel following the demand shock since the year 2000. The concentration of the demand from Chinese steelmakers as well as the strategy put in place by the authorities from 2010, led to a new market structure of the world iron ore market: a thwarted monopsony.By focusing on the upstream value chain, Chapter 2 sets the theoretical framework for competition between mining firms and recyclers. Through a Cournot-Stackelberg model, we show that the market share of the mining sector increases with the degree of competition in this sector. Recyclers cannot significantly increase their market share if an efficient recycling technology is not associated with a high availability of waste. This dual condition is also necessary to ensure the reduction of the mining rent. In addition, we highlight the requirement of a minimum level of recycling technology for recyclers to enter the market.Taking into account the differential of environmental externalities in Chapter 3 strengthens the need for increasing the supply of secondary materials, with regard to its positive effect on social wellfare. For this purpose, the introduction of an environmental tax on mining extraction is less relevant than a subsidy for recycling. The tax reinforces the capacity constraint for recyclers, relies on a necessary assessment of mining pollution that is difficult to achieve for certain raw materials, and there are limits on its implementation which also seem to arise. On the other hand, the introduction of a recycling subsidy would have a significant impact on recyclers' market share and the necessary reduction of extraction-related damages. As we show, the difference in effects between the two policies is even stronger when the initial level of recycling is low.Finally, by focusing on a public policy based on the demand for materials rather than on supply, Chapter 4 highlights the weak incentive of the EU-ETS to reduce CO2 emissions from steelmakers, and therefore a potential increase of the secondary input instead of the virgin one. We also show how this climate policy interferes with the EU competition policy because it mainly benefits market leaders, to the detriment of the principle of free and undistorted competition prevailing in the EU market. More surprisingly, our results indicate that the market leader is the least efficient firm in the consumption of raw materials, considering the quantity of steel produced and the CO$_2$ emissions generated. Conversely, the firm that seems to be the most efficient would also have been least favoured when free allowances were allocated from 2007 onwards
Chevallier, Julien. "Les règles de fonctionnement du marché européen du carbone (2005-2007) : le rôle du stockage et de l'emprunt de quotas, les fondamentaux du prix et les stratégies de gestion des risques." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344336.
Full textUn premier Chapitre détaille les effets économiques et environnementaux attendus des mécanismes de stockage et d'emprunt de quotas sur un marché de permis d'émissions négociables. Plus spécifiquement, vis-à-vis des provisions adoptées dans l'EU ETS, nous étudions les effets de la restriction du transfert de quotas stockés ou empruntés entre les Phases I et II sur les changements de prix du CO2. Nous montrons statistiquement que les bas niveaux de prix du CO2 enregistrés jusqu'à la fin de la Phase I sont expliqués par la restriction du transfert de quotas inter-périodes, au-delà des principales explications proposées par les observateurs de marché.
Un deuxième Chapitre développe une étude originale des fondamentaux du prix du carbone, introduit depuis le 1er Janvier 2005 en Europe. Nous soulignons le role central joué par l'évènement annuel de conformité 2005 imposé par la Commission Européenne, qui sert de révélateur des positions nettes courtes/longues des installations en quotas par rapport à leurs émissions vérifiées. Le résultat principal de cette étude met en évidence le fait que les fondamentaux du prix du CO2 liés aux marchés des énergies et aux évènements climatiques non-anticipés varient en fonction des évènements institutionnels. Par ailleurs, nous montrons l'influence de la variation de la production industrielle dans trois secteurs couverts par l'EU ETS sur les changements de prix du CO2 en menant une analyse par décomposition, étendue par pays.
Un troisième Chapitre s'intéresse aux stratégies de gestion des risques liés à la détention de quotas de CO2. Nous proposons une méthode utilisée sur les marchés d'action pour recouvrer les changements dans l'aversion au risque moyenne des investisseurs. Cette étude indique que, sur la période considérée, l'aversion au risque est plus élevée sur le marché du carbone que sur les marchés d'action, et que le risque est lié à une structure de prix strictements croissants après l'évènement de conformité 2006. En lien avec le Chapitre 1, nous évaluons enfin comment le stockage de quotas peut être utilisé comme un outil de gestion des risques, pour faire face à l'incertitude politique sur un marché de quotas. Nous détaillons une règle optimale de partage des risques, et discutons du principe de mutualisation du risque lié à l'échange de quotas quotas entre agents.
Nos travaux témoignent des difficultés rencontrées suite à la création du marché européen du carbone pour atteindre un signal prix cohérent avec des réductions d'émissions effectives par les industriels. Cependant, dans un contexte institutionnel mouvant, ces inefficiences ne semblent pas avoir été reportées vers la période 2008-2012.
Demailly, Damien. "Compétitivité et fuites de carbone dans l'industrie sous politique climatique asymétrique." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0152.
Full textWithin a close economy, the economic efficiency of a tradable CO2 allowance system is maximum when all allowances are auctioned. Within an open economy, the competitiveness losses and carbon leakage challenge this efficiency for industrial sectors like cement or steel. There are two alternatives: border adjustment and output-based allocation. The former is politically sensitive but economically justified. The economic efficiency of the latter is dubious: there are many uncertainties on the magnitude of potential competitiveness losses and carbon leakage. These uncertainties are due to the lack empirical works on some key parameters and to the weakness of existing modelling works which assess these losses and leakage. Alternative modelling works lead to a better understanding of industrials dynamics but to similarly poor assessment
Karpf, Andreas. "Social interactions, expectation formation and markets." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010015/document.
Full textSocial interactions are in the core of economic activities. Their treatment in Economies is however often limited to a focus on the market (Manski, 2000). The role social interactions themselves play for the behavior of agents as well as the formation of their attitudes is often neglected. This is despite the fact that already early contributions in economic literature have identified them as important determinants for the decision making of economic agents as for example Sherif (I936), Hyman (1942), Asch (1951 ), Jahoda (I 959) or Merton (1968). ln consumer research, a field on the intersection between Economies, Sociology and Psychology, on the other hand social interactions (social influences) are considered to be the" ... most pervasive determinants [ ... ] of individual 's behaviour. .. " (Bumkrant and Cousineau, 1975). The thesis at hand bridges the gap between social interactions and their influence on agents expectation formation and behavior
Brohe, Arnaud. "Réalisations et limites des marchés du carbone: évaluation et perspectives." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209301.
Full textUne hypothèse forte des marchés du carbone dotés d’un système de plafonnement est qu’ils permettraient de garantir le respect des objectifs climatiques. Cette hypothèse ne s’est pas révélée exacte. En générant plus d’un milliard de crédits, dont un nombre important de crédits issus de projets, et en ne parvenant pas à empêcher des défections, le système mis en place par le Protocole de Kyoto n’est pas parvenu à garantir le plafonnement des émissions dans les pays développés. Il en va de même pour les systèmes liés à Kyoto comme le système communautaire d'échange de quotas d'émissions (SCEQE).
Dans la plupart des configurations des règles ad hoc et peu transparentes ont nui à l’objectif environnemental. La comptabilité commune de différents gaz à effet de serre, malgré des incertitudes importantes sur les pouvoirs de réchauffement globaux a également été néfaste à l'intégrité du système.
Le lien à des mécanismes de projets trouvant leur légitimité dans une preuve de l’additionnalité souvent floue demeure problématique. Notre analyse a ainsi mis en avant la problématique de l'enregistrement de projets hydrauliques dont la décision de construction est antérieure aux marchés du carbone.
En théorie, le mécanisme d’échange a pour conséquence que les acteurs confrontés à des coûts de réduction faibles soient encouragés à réduire leurs émissions. Dans la pratique, notre analyse montre que peu d’acteurs connaissent leur coût de réduction marginal, empêchant dès lors la concrétisation de cet idéal d’une réduction au moindre coût. Nous avons aussi mis en avant le fait qu’un prix identique par tonne de CO2 réduite n’est pas adapté au soutien de technologies nouvelles, souvent plus onéreuses au début de leur cycle de développement.
Finalement, un des principaux mérites des marchés du carbone a peut-être été leur acceptabilité auprès des décideurs politiques et économiques. Il est manifeste que les marchés permettent d'internaliser le carbone à un niveau international sans passer par une difficile harmonisation des politiques fiscales. C'est clairement une des raisons de leur adoption rapide et dans de nombreux pays.
Les marchés du carbone ont aussi joué un rôle important en matière de sensibilisation aux changements climatiques. Ils ont permis de faire progresser la comptabilité carbone et la compréhension des technologies sobres en carbone.
L’effondrement récent du prix du carbone montre que ce nouvel instrument qui, en théorie, est efficace pour atteindre un objectif de réduction prédéfini, ne permet pas, dans la pratique, par manque d’ambition ou en raison d’erreurs dans la conception, de financer la transition vers une nouvelle économie sobre en carbone. Il apparaît dès lors nécessaire de réformer cet instrument mais aussi de développer progressivement des alternatives afin de ne pas uniquement faire reposer la réussite de l’atteinte des objectifs climatiques sur les seuls marchés du carbone et ainsi augmenter la résilience des politiques climatiques aux aléas de marchés financiers, par ailleurs eux-mêmes soumis à de nombreux tourments depuis 2008.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Thomä, Jakob. "Optimal diversification and the transition to net zero : a methodological framework for measuring climate goal alignment of investor portfolios." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1177.
Full textThe thesis seeks to develop a framework to measure the alignment of financial portfolios with climate goals, taking as point of departure both traditional modern portfolio theory and financial risk analysis frameworks, as well as climate science. It represents the first attempt to develop science-based benchmarks for financial portfolios. The framework uses as the starting point the concept of ‘optimal diversification’ based on the modern portfolio theory and efficient market hypothesis. Under this theory, optimal strategies involve buying the ‘market portfolio’. It posits that a 2°C aligned, science-based portfolio strategy is not aligned with such a strategy. Such a science-based portfolio strategy, in turn, may make sense for financial institutions that consider multiple objectives (e.g. financial and non-financial) or financial institutions that think markets are mispricing financial risks associated with the transition to a low-carbon economy and that associated low-carbon, or 2°C aligned strategies can outperform the market. Under the assumption that the transition to a low-carbon economy presents a risk factor, for which the thesis provides a range of theoretical evidence, portfolio strategies can seek to buy the ‘2°C market’ by managing ‘optimal diversification’ to the 2°C aligned technology set, in addition to managing sector exposures. The model thus extends the logic of diversification to reduce risk, intrinsic to the modern portfolio theory, from asset class to sector and technology level.Following the development of the model, a range of insurance companies, asset managers, and portfolio managers tested the model. In total, over 250 institutional investors have applied the model to date. In addition, the model has been tested on around 10,000 funds. Moreover, two European central banks have applied the model internally as part of 2°C scenario analysis of their regulated entities (pension funds and insurance companies). As part of a feedback survey with 25 investors, 88% said the framework was equally or more relevant than existing climate assessments, and 88% said they were likely or very likely to use the methodology moving forward
Thubin, Camille. "Le dividende emploi d'une fiscalité écologique." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0084.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the conditions for an employment double divident, i. E. An increase in employment in addition to lower CO2 emissions when a carbon tax is implemented. In the introduction, we introduce our topic in the literature of the double dividend. We aim at justifying the interest of our subject against theories that announce the death of the double dividend. We examine concretely in the second chapter the "possibility frontier" of an employment double dividend, by using labor market theories. We use a computable general equilibrium model designed to analyze the impact of a carbon tax on the macroeconomic performance. The model is described in the first chapter of this thesis. In the third chapter we discuss the connection between the employment double dividend and other dividends of a carbon tax, especially the "competitiveness dividend". The opportunity arises to replace the issue of the employment double dividend in the debate on developed countries' competitiveness. The purpose of the last chapter is to show some dynamic aspects of the employment double dividend related to behavioral responses to uncertainty. We evaluate how taxation can play differently and positively on employment by modifying the risk of hiring
Rotoullié, Jean-Charles. "L'utilisation de la technique de marché en droit de l'environnement. L'exemple du système européen d'échange des quotas d'émission de gaz à effet de serre." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020053.
Full textBy taking the example of the European Union emission trading system, the objective of the present study is to understand the conditions of effectiveness of a specific tool: the market-based instrument. Market-based instrument is defined as a tool of policing aiming at the achievement of a public policy objective (pre-established by public authorities) with the creation of a market, i.e. the organisation of exchanges of “units” between economic operators. This tool is widely used in environmental law. The ex nihilo creation of a market in order to protect the environment must not mislead: the market-based instrument does not lead to a shift from public action to freedom. To the contrary, the effectiveness of the market-based instrument depends on a strong public action. A permanent (i.e. both during the preparation and the implementation of this tool) and multifaceted (i.e. at international, regional and national levels) public intervention is therefore required. The “invisible hand” of the market could only be effective with the “visible hand” of public authorities
Lessard, Francis. "Modélisation et impact du jumelage des marchés du carbone : le cas Québec - Californie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29566.
Full textSchers, Jules. "Economic growth, unemployment and skills in South Africa : An Analysis of different recycling schemes of carbon tax revenue." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA039/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis gives a numerical illustration of how a carbon tax affects South African GDP, employment, CO2 emissions and socio-economic inequality. It uses a “hybrid” computable general equilibrium model of an open economy in a one-step projection from 2005 to 2035. It models second-best economies, notably skill-related rigidities in the labour market and in production of electricity. Seven scenarios for recycling of carbon tax revenue are analysed, plus an option to invest a part of tax revenue in improvement of skills of labour.The analysis shows that under conventional assumptions about technological change, a carbon tax of around 100 ZAR2005 (18 USD2013) per tonne of CO2 will have little negative consequences for GDP and employment, when combined with the right type of tax revenue recycling: Labour subsidies and company profit tax reduction likely lead to the best macro-economic outcomes, though do not reduce inequality. Additional measures are needed to reduce “energy poverty”. To achieve South Africa’s NDC of the Paris Agreement, a carbon tax rate of around 300 ZAR2005 or 55 USD2013 per tonne of CO2 is necessary. However, this could have serious impacts on GDP growth. Also, without a change in the trend of increasing labour productivity, such lower GDP will lead to higher unemployment than in the reference case. An investment in skills of 7.5 billion ZAR2005 of annual Ctax revenue, with the objective of increasing access to high quality education and reducing the high skill labour shortage, if fond to have a very positive impact on GDP growth. However better calibration data is required.The findings of this PhD thesis furthermore call for thorough examination of what type of technological change could be expected for South Africa. Technological progress, consumer preferences and international circumstances limit the economy’s capacity to restructure and decarbonise and therefore to reduce negative consequences of carbon taxation for GDP growth. Proper assessment of future technological change is relevant for all sectors and inputs. Examples are given which show that energy and materials efficiency have an important role for future GDP growth under carbon constraints, because they determine the economy’s flexibility to reduce energy consumption and to substitute it, e.g. by labour. This finding normally holds not only for South Africa, but also for the rest of the world. These results also imply that international climate policy has to address technology transfer and the different potentials of national economies to decarbonise seriously
Pacheco, Cruz Natália. "L'analyse de la mise en oeuvre locale du Mécanisme de Développement Propre : le cas de la gestion des déchets solides urbains à Rio de Janeiro." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://dante.univ-tlse2.fr/id/eprint/8711.
Full textThis current thesis is built on an implementation study of Clean Development Mechanism projects in landfills in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This mechanism allows developing countries to participate in the carbon market through the adoption of technologies that promote GHG emission reductions in their territoiries. According to article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol, the CDM adresses the promotion of sustainable development in these countries as a result of the use of more environnemental efficient technologies. Thereby, this study aims to discuss the implementation of the mechanism in landfills, which have been reducing landfill gas emissions produced by the breakdown of biodegradable waste. Based on a critical sociology approach, this analysis focuses on revealing the power relationships hidden behind this socio-political process of adopting a global instrument of GHG emission reduction in the waste treatment sector in the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area. We have used the elements that compose the notion of “sustainaible development “found in the documents related to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change as a starting point for our implementation study. In this degree we have operated concepts such as “ecological practices”; “market” and “environnemental justice” in order to analyse in detail the dynamics created by the CDM implementation in landfills.This analysis points out the influence of the local waste treatment gouvernance in the functioning of this instrument locally. This gouvernance is a reflection of the Brazillian New Developmentalism program. The waste treatment sector in Rio is organized according to the interets of the most powerful actors of the domain. Hence, we have concluded that CDM’s neoliberal traits combined with the local New Developmentalism produce a controversial implementation of the mechanism concerning CDM social-environnemental goals
Esta tese apresenta uma análise sobre a implementação de projetos de Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo em aterros sanitários no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. O MDL é um instrumento de uma política ambiental internacional coordenada pelas Nações Unidas no âmbito do Protocolo de Kyoto. Este mecanismo permite a participação de países em desenvolvimento no mercado de carbono mundial através de projetos de implantação de tecnologias que reduzem emissões de gases de efeito estufa em diversos setores da economia em seus respectivos territórios. De acordo com o artigo 12 do protocolo, o MDL pretende promover uma trajetória de desenvolvimento sustentável nesses países. Dentro dessa perspectiva, o presente estudo discute os meandros da adoção deste mecanismo em aterros sanitários na metrópole do Rio. Tais projetos MDL empregam a tecnologia de captação do biogás que resulta da decomposição da matéria orgânica dos resíduos. Através do prisma da sociologia crítica, nossa análise procura evidenciar as relações de poder que decorrem do processo sociopolítico de apropriação local deste instrumento global de redução de emissões. Os elementos constitutivos da noção de “desenvolvimento sustentável” presentes nos documentos atrelados à Convenção- Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre a Mudança do Clima serviram como nosso ponto de partida metodológico. Em vista desta escolha metodológica, nós utilizamos os conceitos de ‘ecologisação de práticas’, de ‘mercado’ e de ‘justiça ambiental’ como parâmetros para examinar a dinâmica da aplicação do MDL nos aterros sanitários. Nossa tese defende a premissa de que a organização do setor de tratamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos no Rio de Janeiro é um reflexo do programa neodesenvolvimentista brasileiro. Portanto, a governança local do setor é exclusivamente voltada para satisfazer os interesses econômicos dos atores mais poderosos do ramo. Neste contexto, a tese defende a ideia de que o caráter neoliberal do MDP combinado a este tipo de governança local impede o cumprimento satisfatório dos objetivos socioambientais do mecanismo
Reyna, Ramos Julio Alberto. "Implementación y puesta en marcha de una planta de anhídrido carbónico líquido." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 1985. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/6339.
Full textPropone la implementación de una fábrica de producción de anhidrido carbónico en la ciudad de Tacna considerando que se cuenta con un mercado creciente y sin competencia en el lugar. Asimismo, el estudio contempla el consumo cautivo y las facilidades de infraestructura, implementadas por parte del Embotellador Inca Kola. Como objetivo inmediato está el cubrir los mercados de Moquegua y de Puno en la medida de lo posible. Así como, cubrir mediante exportaciones, el mercado de Arica (Chile) y la Paz (Bolivia). Tiene como objetivo final montar la infraestructura metalmecánica de apoyo necesario para la implementación a mediano plazo del Parque Industrial en Tacna, adicionándosele a la proyectada, la de producción de oxígeno acetileno y afines para los mismos mercados a mediano plazo. Es conveniente resaltar que este tipo de industria es de apoyo sectorial y está considerada como de segunda prioridad.
Tesis
Toullec, Jordan. "Etude des interactions diatomées-copépodes sur l'export de carbone, dans un contexte de changement climatique : apports expérimentaux et étude in situ Copepod grazing influences diatom aggregation and particle dynamics, in Frontiers in Marine Science 6, March 2019." Thesis, Brest, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BRES0017.
Full textThe biological carbon pump transfers CO2 from the atmosphere to the deep ocean as particulate organic matter. By forming aggregates, diatoms contribute strongly to the particle flux.Copepods, in terms of abundance and diversity, dominate zooplankton assemblages, are the main consumers of diatoms and play and key role in the carbon export via faecal pellets egestion. Nutrient limitations mainly occur at the end of phytoplankton blooms, but are also an expected consequence of global warming. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the role of copepod/diatom interactions on carbon export in a context of climate change.The results obtained show that nutrient limitations affecting diatoms biochemical composition, that influences copepods feeding activity and the export efficiency of faecal pellets. I have also shown that the functional traits of copepods can influence both the aggregates formation and their dynamics. Finally, using data from an oceanographic campaign carried out during the Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom, I observed that silicon limitation after sea ice retreat contributes to the aggregates formation. Copepods, at the end of the bloom migrate under the mixing layer where the aggregates are most abundant, which may suggest that the aggregates could be used as a food
Filipiak, Marcin Szymon [Verfasser], and Jana [Akademischer Betreuer] Zaumseil. "Carbon based nanomaterials for biosensing applications / Marcin Szymon Filipiak ; Betreuer: Jana Zaumseil." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1191760545/34.
Full textWaisman, H. "Les politiques climatiques entre prix du carbone, rentes pétrolières et dynamiques urbaines." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00799199.
Full textSoummane, Salaheddine. "Oil rent and diversification facing climate challenge : The case of Saudi ArabiaRente pétrolière et diversification face au défi climatique : cas de l'Arabie Saoudite." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA012.
Full textThe increasing call for implementing a global and ambitious climate policy is expected to deteriorate economic outlook of oil-dependent countries. Our research work investigates the impact of this global low-carbon transition and the potential mitigation strategies for the largest oil exporter: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). We propose an application using an integrated economy-energy-environment modelling framework taking into account salient features of the Saudi economy such as the currency peg and the regulated domestic energy prices.First, using an aggregated representation of the KSA economy, we show that a weaker oil price re-sulting from the global low-carbon transition is associated with a marginally lower growth, large trade surplus accumulation loss, and higher unemployment for the KSA. We analyse what scope the KSA has to mitigate climate policy impacts. We reveal that aligning domestic energy prices with international references and achieving energy efficiency gains increases economic efficiency while improving public budget prospects. This modelling framework allows to investigate scenarios while controlling the modelling macroeconomic specifications.We refine these outlooks in a mulstisector framework that further allows investigating diversifica-tion opportunities within the Saudi Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) and its Vision 2030 program. We conclude that economic diversification into non energy-intensive sectors (manufacture, tourism, and financial services) through increasing exports and import substitution, in addition to targeting fiscal adjustments of the corporate tax, provide a positive outlook compared with a continuous expansion of energy-intensive activities (minerals, petrochemical, and cement). Indeed, we show that diversification in non-energy intensive sector generates higher growth, and lower unemployment. In addition, under our designed economic diversification plan, the KSA ex-ceeds its climate pledges in terms of targeted CO2 abatement. Nevertheless, the continuous expan-sion of energy-intensive industries is associated with a better outlook for the public debt since the government derives higher revenues from its participation in energy-intensive industries. Finally, we conclude that in our two scenarios, the KSA only partially succeeds in its transition toward a less oil-dependent economy as part of the Vision 2030 program, suggesting that further reforms are to be considered.This thesis contributes to the literature on climate policy implementation and associated economic consequences for fossil-fuel exporters. It provides insights on economic reforms as mitigation strate-gies and could be thus adapted to cover additional countries and fuels
Rother, Marcel [Verfasser], and Jana [Akademischer Betreuer] Zaumseil. "Engineering of Aerosol-Jet Printed Carbon Nanotube Network Transistors / Marcel Rother ; Betreuer: Jana Zaumseil." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1182993516/34.
Full textGoron, Coraline. "Climate Revolution or long march? : the politics of low carbon transformation in China (1992-2015) : the power sector as case study." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2018. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/100745/.
Full textGoron, Coraline. "Climate Revolution or Long March? The Politics of Low-Carbon Transformation in China (1992-2015). The Power Sector as Case Study." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/261337.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Levet, Cyril. "Ablation de matériaux carbonés sous très haut flux : étude multiphysique de l'interaction matériau/écoulement." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0566/document.
Full textCarbonaceous materials have been selected to protect atmospheric re-entry vehicles under the most extremes conditions [1, 2]. Because real flight experiments are very expensive [1], simulation is an important means to predict and understand the material behaviour during atmospheric re-entry. The models of carbonaceous materials ablation have become more and more complex [1, 3, 4, 5, 6]. However, they are not accurate to describe finely the material surface. To find a solution to this problem, several studies have been conducted at the Laboratoire des Composites Thermostructuraux (LCTS) [7, 8]. The Plasmatron of the VKI is the experimental means which has been used in this doctoral thesis. It can reach moderately high heat flux under high speed flow [9, 10]. In this study, several samples have been tested under an heat flux up to 2800 kW/m2. These tests on the 3D carbon/carbon (Cf/C) composite have given very interesting results about the material morphology during ablation. An arc image furnace, which can reach very high heat flux but without important flow field, has been used during this doctoral study. 3D Cf/C samples have been ablated under heat flux up to 10 MW m-2. SEM observations with the help of a numerical simulation of the furnace, have put the differences between oxidation and sublimation forward. A diffusion/ablation code has been developed at LCTS for several years [7, 11, 12, 13, 14] : AMA. This piece of software is designed to simulate the ablation of a carbonaceous material. It has been validated without flow field by J. Lachaud [7]. A new coupling method between AMA and Open-Foam [15] has been developed and validated. Finally, AMA has been used to point out the parameters which drive the 3D Cf/C surface recession under laminar flow field
Waisman, Henri. "Les politiques climatiques entre prix du carbone, rente pétrolière et dynamiques urbaines." Paris, EHESS, 2012. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00799199.
Full textThis thesis investigates the effects of constraints imposed on economic interactions by limitations due to natural resources, among which oil and urban land play a curcial role in the context of climate change. These dimensions, often neglected in existing analyses, have an ambiguous effect since they suggest both the risk of enhanced costs if carbon limitations reinforce the sub-optimalities caused by pre-existing constraints, but also, conversely, the possibility of co-benefits if the climate policy helps to correct some pre-existing imperfections of socio-economic trajectories. To investigate this issue, an innovative modeling framework of the energy-economy interactions is elaborated that embarks the specificities of the deployment of oil production capacities and the issues related to the spatial organization in urban areas. We demonstrate that, beyond the carbon price, the costs of climate policy essentially depend on the sequencing of complementary measures, with a crucial role of spatial policy designed to control transport-related emissions through mobility
Blas, Molinos Beatriz [Verfasser], Walter [Akademischer Betreuer] Leitner, and Marcel [Akademischer Betreuer] Liauw. "Carbon dioxide as C1 building block in combination with amines : carbonylation and hydrogenation reactions / Beatriz Blas Molinos ; Walter Leitner, Marcel Liauw." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1129261611/34.
Full textKozub, Barbara Renata. "Electrochemical properties of redox mediators at carbon electrodes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2cd1d365-6b63-49ae-affb-3752bcdbd97e.
Full textFaure, Anouk. "The structural determinants of carbon prices in the EU-ETS." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100110.
Full textThe European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU-ETS) is referred to as the cornerstone of the EU's fight against climate change. However, carbon prices delivered have been judged too low and volatile to durably place the economy on a low-carbon trajectory. Price outcomes were largely attributed to a supply imbalance of permits due to external shocks: supply-side reforms, reviewed in a first chapter, were in turn conducted to shield the EU-ETS from them, with limited success.Yet, most prospective analyses of the EU-ETS rest on archetypal models of emission trading, which disregard the inner market structure and fundamentals. Therefore, this dissertation contributes to better understand price formation in the European carbon market by investigating structural drivers of permit prices, appraising their impact on market outcomes and policy design. Motivated by transaction and compliance data, the second and third chapters provide ex-post analyses of the second (2008-2012) and third (2013-2020) trading periods. We find that the market structure is unstable, with consequences on prices and supply-side policies. Our results question the benefits of a carbon price floor to remedy these instabilities, by helping market actors anchor expectations about future carbon prices. A fourth chapter thus conducts a comparative ex-ante analysis of the EU-ETS power sector under three plausible price floor policies. Our results suggest that no such complementary policies are necessary, because of the MSR's ability to quickly cutback on the number of allowances in circulation
Solier, Boris. "Une analyse économique et ex-post des effets du prix du carbone sur le secteur électrique européen." Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090026.
Full textThis thesis is an evaluation of the interaction between the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme and electricity markets over the period 2005-2012. It rests on econometric and modelling instruments to both explain the development of markets and draw lessons for the conduct of future policies. The ex-post analysis of the introduction of a carbon price into electricity markets in Europe unveils three types of interactions with: the formation of electricity prices; the technical and economic choices and CO2 emissions; the formation of electricity rents. Empirical estimates show that the degree to which the carbon cost is passed on through electricity prices is generally not homogeneous but rather varies over both time and markets, contingent upon a combination of factors. The impacts of the carbon price on both the technological mix and the CO2 emissions from the power sector are estimated using the simulation model ZEPHYR-Elec, which aims at replicating the short-term equilibrium between electricity supply and demand. Emission reductions in the electricity sector induced by the European carbon market amount to between 3% and 5% of counterfactual emissions. From 2012 on, the carbon price has not been high enough to compensate for the gas-to-coal price differential in Europe. Distributional effects of the carbon price on the electricity sector are introduced into the ZEPHYR-Elec model using an analytical representation of the formation of rents. Estimates suggest that profits made by the electricity sector are generally higher with a carbon price in place, including when allowances are auctioned
Mkireb, Chouaïb. "Optimisation et gestion des risques pour la valorisation de la flexibilité énergétique : application aux systèmes d’eau potable." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2492/document.
Full textIn a context of demographic growth in which natural resources are more and more limited, optimized management of water and power networks is required. Changes in electricity markets regulation in several countries have recently enabled effective integration of Demand Response mechanisms in power systems, making it possible to involve electricity consumers in the real-time balance of the power system. Through its flexible components (variable-speed pumps, tanks), drinking water systems, which are huge electricity consumers, are suitable candidates for energy-efficient Demand Response mechanisms. However, these systems are often managed independently of power system operation, for both economic and operational reasons. In this thesis, the objective is the evaluation of the economic and the ecological values related to the integration of drinking water systems flexibility into power system operation through french demand response mechanisms. An analysis of the architecture of french electricity markets is first conducted, allowing to target the most suitable demand response mechanisms considering water systems operating constraints. Some mathematical models to optimize water systems flexibility are then proposed and solved through original heuristics, integrating uncertainties about water demands, market prices and pumping stations availability. Numerical results, which are discussed using three real water systems in France, integrate the economic aspects inclunding risks, operational and ecological aspects. Significant reductions in water systems operating costs are estimated through the optimization of demand response power bids on the French spot power market during peak times. In parallel, uncertainties consideration secures the operation of water systems in real time, and makes it possible to manage economic risks related to the power grid balancing. In addition, significant savings in CO2 emissions, estimated to around 400 tons per day in France, can be achieved by reducing electricity production from fossil sources
Branger, Frédéric. "Impact des politiques climatiques sur les industries énergie-intensives." Paris, EHESS, 2015. https://hal-enpc.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01179153.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the literature on carbon leakage and competitiveness losses in energy intensive industries generated by uneven climate policies. After a meta-analysis of modelling studies assessing carbon leakage with or without Border Carbon Adjustments; we use time series econometrics and find no evidence of competitiveness-driven operational leakage due to the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) for steel and cement. Next, we decompose emissions the European cement sector into seven effects with a Log Mean Divisia Index method, and show that most of the variations can be attributed to the activity effect. Abatement due to the EU ETS is estimated at around 2% between 2005 and 2012 while the amount of « overallocation profits » is assessed at 3. 5 billion euros. Further, we demonstrate that the cement industry strategically reacted to the introduction of a new rule supposed to reduce free allocation in low-producing installations. Companies artificially increased production in some plants, generating distortions going against the low carbon transformation in this sector. We finally discuss possible reforms in the EU ETS and advocate for output-based allocation in the short term
Lassus, Saint-Geniès Géraud de. "La prise en compte des aspects économiques du défi climatique dans le régime juridique international du climat." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010272.
Full textTackling climate change is indisputably an economic challenge. It requires a shift towards a new kind of economy Jess dependent on fossil fuel, and capable to protect the interests of future generations. Given that context, it thus appears essential that international climate policies mainly focus on promoting energy transition and maintaining a balanced approach between short-term economic interests and longer-term benefits associated with mitigating climate change. Based on this assumption, the thesis questions the importance granted by members of the UN climate change regime to the need of setting rules that favor a low-carbon growth model and regulate the pursue of immediate national economic interests. Through a detailed analysis of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol and their law-making process, this study first underlines the limited scope of the international tools (such as market mechanisms) specifically designed by member States to promote a low-carbon economy. It also demonstrates that international climate rules ensure to all member States a high level of protection of their national short-term economic interests. Finally, the thesis shows that UN climate cooperation now tends to be characterized by a movement of renationalization of issues related to the promotion of energy transition and the articulation of economic and environmental values
Ouro-Bodi, Ouro-Gnaou. "Les Etats et la protection internationale de l'environnement : la question du changement climatique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0228/document.
Full textClimate change has become the scourge environmental concern and mobilizes more theinternational community. The outcome of this mobilization remains probably the implementation ofinternational climate change regime for which the Climate Convention and the Kyoto Protocol are the legalbases. This system is innovative in that it sets quantified emission reduction commitments for greenhouse gasemissions (GHG) for polluters States, but also in that it establishes mechanisms known as of “flexibility”whose implementation is accompanied by a control based on a Committee known as of “compliance”. Butdespite all this normative production, it is regrettable that today the international climate regime is a realfailure. Indeed, if the mobilization of states is no doubt, however, the same states that have voluntarily agreedto engage deliberately refuse to honour their commitments for essentially political, economic and strategicreasons. This work therefore aims to shed light on the causes of this failure by developing a mixed record ofthe first Kyoto commitment ended period in 2012, and offers prospects for a legal regime of the post-Kyotoclimate and efficient, able to be up to the challenges
Toru, Tuba. "Essais empiriques sur l'organisation industrielle du transport aérien." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0069.
Full textThis thesis examines three important issues in the air transport industry. The first chapter deals with the structural impacts and policy changes on the airline industry. A structural econometric model is used to analyse the extent to which the air traffic is affected by an increase in fuel prices and the proposal of the European Commission on the accession of air transport to the European Emission Trading Scheme (EU-ETS). An increase in energy costs implies an increase of air fares and a dec1ine in the levels of traffic. The EU-ETS could indeed significantly affect the level of aviation emissions while he should not radically change the competitiveness of European airlines. The second chapter analyzes the model of case of the airport in the framework of two-sided market. The airports of our database are not internalize externalities exist between the two parties. They use different price setting strategies for each side. We find the empirical evidence of profit maximization pricing for the passengers and the Ramsey prices for the airlines. The third chapter focuses on code sharing between airlines by a structural econometric model. The prices increase and the dec1ine in the consumer surplus after code sharing if it does not encourage the entry ofnew products. The parameter for the division of profits between partner airlines in a code-share agreement is estimated 91 percent mean that the operating carrier receives 91 percent of the profits of the sharing of the product code
Algive, Lionnel. "Évolution des propriétés pétrophysiques d'écoulement pendant une injection de CO2 et impact induit au niveau de l'injectivité." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL072N/document.
Full textThe geological storage of CO2 is considered as an attractive option to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. CO2 is not an inert gas, however. Its dissolution in brine forms a weak acid that has the potential to react with the host rock formation. The induced pores structure modification impacts the flow properties. Thus, to ensure the viability and sustainability of CO2 storage, operators need simulations that take into account the specificities of reactive transport. However, the macroscopic coefficients of the reactive transport equation are modified from the values of an inert tracer by surface reactions. These specificities due to mass transfer are currently not considered. Similarly, the permeability-porosity (K-F) relationship is only estimated semi-empirically. The aim of this thesis was to develop a method to obtain the macroscopic coefficients and the K-F laws, by solving the equations governing the pore-scale phenomena. To do this, we used the Pore Network Modelling approach (PNM). The advantage of the PNM is that it explicitly takes into account the pore structure, while conceptualizing the latter to a set of pores and throats whose morphology is simplified into spheres or cylinders for instance. The study is based into two successive upscalings: from local-scale to pore-scale, then from pore-scale to core-scale. The reactive transport problem is solved for basic elements, analytically or numerically. Then, using the solutions previously found at the pore scale, the reactive transport phenomena are treated throughout the network. Our model was validated by observations on micromodels and by a comparison with an acid-induced alteration experiment
Leblanc, Bruno. "Le protocole de Kyoto et le marché du carbone : vers une fongibilité asymétrique à l'échelle internationale?" Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1982/1/M9160.pdf.
Full textPapy, Jacques. "Vers un marché du carbone au Québec : éléments de réflexion à la lumière de l'analyse économique du droit." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10527.
Full textAs part of the launch of the Western Climate Initiative, the province of Québec has implemented on January 1st, 2012, one of the first carbon emissions trading system in North America (CETS). Such a system could in time become part of the emerging regulated market for carbon on the continent. However, it belongs to a category of economic instruments still timidly explored in legal literature. The CETS forms part of the economic regulation of the environment and is based on concepts drawn from the economic theory such as scarcity, property and the market. The thesis aims at contributing to the dialogue between jurists and economists around the design and implementation of this type of instrument. In order to explore its architecture and uncover the legal issues at play, we applied the teachings of law and economics in order to reveal the underlying dynamics of incitation and efficiency built in the CETS regulations and highlight the pivotal role played by the formulation of legal rules in their operationalization. The exploration is conducted through a progressive modelling of the exchange of emission rights, which takes into account transaction costs. The resulting model brings to light friction points that are likely to occur at different stages of the exchange of emission rights and might negatively impact its economic efficiency. The thesis contributes to the advancement of knowledge by offering jurists a coherent and intelligible legal analysis of the rules governing the exchange of emission rights in the CETS. Thus, it provides a systematic arrangement of these rules structured around the diversification strategies of the exchange and the institutionalization of its terms. It also raises market surveillance issues, particularly of the carbon derivatives market, in a context of fragmentation of market authorities.
Godin, Frédéric. "Les produits dérivés des marchés européens du carbone." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4210.
Full textDuring the last decade, the European Union has regulated emissions of Greenhouse Gases on its own territory. Consequently, a European Carbon Market (EU ETS) is currently emerging where CO2 emission certificates (EUA and CER) and derivatives are traded on Exchanges. The objectif of this research is to evaluate and compare different models to represent the emission certificates' price and to price derivatives of the carbon markets.
L'analyse statistique des données a été effectuée avec le logiciel R.
Mohr, Marcel [Verfasser]. "Electronic and vibrational properties of carbon and CdSe nanostructures / vorgelegt von Marcel Mohr." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1010102273/34.
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